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Sun, Shi-Gang, i Yan Lin. "Kinetics of isopropanol oxidation on Pt(111), Pt(110), Pt(100), Pt(610) and Pt(211) single crystal electrodes -". Electrochimica Acta 44, nr 6-7 (listopad 1998): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00218-7.
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Gasteiner, J., T. Guggenberger, J. Häusler i A. Steinwidder. "Continuous and Long-Term Measurement of Reticuloruminal pH in Grazing Dairy Cows by an Indwelling and Wireless Data Transmitting Unit". Veterinary Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/236956.
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The aim of the present study was the continuous measurement of ruminal pH in grazing dairy cows to monitor the diets effects on ruminal pH value. A novel indwelling pH-measurement and data transmitting system was given to 6 multiparous cows orally. Ruminal pH was measured every 600 sec over a 40 d period. After barn feeding and changeover to pasture, the following 3 treatments (2 cows/treatment) were included in the measurement period: continuous grazing (G), continuous grazing plus 4 kg/d of hay fed twice daily (GH), and continuous grazing plus 4 kg/d of concentrate (GC). Ruminal pH decreased significantly (P<0.05) from6.58±0.15to pH6.19±0.19during feed changeover to pasture. Mean ruminal pH for G, GH, and GC was 6.36, 6.56, and 6.01. Mean 24-h minimum pH was 5.95, 6.20 and, 5.58. The time pH was below 6.3, 6.0, 5.8, and 5.5, for G it was 583, 91, 26, and 3 min/d, for GH it was 97, 12, 0, and 0 min/d and for GC it was 1126, 621, 347, and 101 min/d, respectively. Results were significantly influenced by the diet. The indwelling pH-measurement and data transmitting system is a very useful and proper tool for long-term measurement of ruminal pH in cows.
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Raballand, Thierry. "Stirling Engine and absolute sealing". E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131304004.
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Referring to the sketches, the alternative rotation of shaft (101) allows for absolute sealing between the left side and the right side of seal (1020). A device for total sealing around a shaft in alternating rotation is characterized in that a seal (1020), the main part of the device, called a torsion disc, constitutes the material insulator and is fixed on a shaft (101) by means of two spacers (610) and (620), where the spacer (610) is held in position by the bearing (710) and the spacer (620), which clamps the seal (1020), is held in position by the bearing (720). Along the shaft (101) on both sides of the seal (1020), O-rings (510) and (520) and possibly temperature insulating rings (410) and (420) can be arranged. On both sides of the seal (1020) there are possibly two pressure isolating stops (210) and (220), which slide in rotation on two other stops (110) and (120). The two bearing housings (228) and (8) are positioned relative to each other by means of shims (7) in order to clamp the seal (1020) at the bore and at the shaft. Connecting screws connect the bearing housings (228) and (8) and further connecting screws connect the housing (8) and the wall (22). Absolute sealing of a kinematic Stirling engine is now achievable. A French patent was taken out on August 27th, 2020.
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Portail, Marc, M. Nemoz, Marcin Zielinski i Thierry Chassagne. "Structural and Morphological Characterization of 3C-SiC Films Grown on (111), (211) and (100) Silicon Substrates". Materials Science Forum 600-603 (wrzesień 2008): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.231.
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The structural and morphological modifications induced by the carbonization stage upon 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial films grown on (111) and (100) oriented silicon substrates have been investigated. The crystalline quality of the films is strongly dependent on the carbonization parameters (propane flow rate and duration of carbonization). The (111) heteroepitaxial films coalesce more rapidly and present a lower dependence on the carbonization conditions than (100) films. By comparing the evolution of the interfacial defects (voids) density with existing models, we show that this is related to the initial mechanisms occurring during the carbonization stage. The twin defects densities on (111), (100) and (211) films are also investigated and the role of the only carbonization stage on their formation is studied.
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Shi-Gang, Sun, Lin Yan, Li Nan-Hai i Mu Ji-Qian. "Kinetics of dissociative adsorption of formic acid on Pt(100), Pt(610), Pt(210) and Pt(110) single-crystal electrodes in perchloric acid solutions". Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 370, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 1994): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(93)03161-h.
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Mohammed, Ghusson H. "Structural and photoluminescence properties of CdO doped TiO2 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition". Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 13, nr 28 (4.02.2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v13i28.245.
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TiO2 thin films have been deposited at different concentration ofCdO of (x= 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) Wt. % onto glass substratesby pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) using Nd-YAG laserwith λ=1064nm, energy=800mJ and number of shots=500. Thethickness of the film was 200nm. The films were annealed todifferent annealing (423 and 523) k. The effect of annealingtemperatures and concentration of CdO on the structural andphotoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. X-raydiffraction (XRD) results reveals that the deposited TiO2(1-x)CdOxthin films were polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and manypeaks were appeared at (110), (101), (111) and (211) planes withpreferred orientation along 2Ɵ around 27.30. The results ofphotoluminescence (PL) emission show that there are two peakspositioned are around 320 nm and 400 nm for predominated peakand 620 nm and 680 nm for the small peaks.
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Vdovichenko, S. Yu. "Профілактика акушерської та перинатальної патології при використанні родинно орієнтованих технологій під час вагітності та пологів". HEALTH OF WOMAN, nr 3(119) (3.05.2017): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.119.79.
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The objective: depression of frequency of obstetric and perinatal pathology on the basis of application family focused technologies during pregnancy and partner labors at delivery. Patients and methods. In compliance of a goal researches were conducted in three stages: at 1 stage we carried out the retrospective analysis of clinical course of 26 291 pregnancy and childbirth during 2010-2014; at the 2nd stage the prospective analysis of delivery of 300 women (1 group) who were carried out on the algorithm developed by us with application of the family focused technologies and as group of 2 comparisons 300 labors without participation of the partner were analysed was carried out; at the 3rd stage medico-social features at 100 women and their husbands at whom the family focused technologies, and also at 100 doctors of obstetricians-gynecologists were used were studied. Results. The clinical course of pregnancy and labors at application family focused technologies and partner labors is characterized by depression of frequency of complications during gestation and delivery – anemia of pregnant women (for 4.3±0.4%); placental dysfunction (for 9.6±0.9%); fetus arrests of development (for 5.3±0.5%); anomalies of patrimonial activity (for 9.7±0.9%); a fetus distress (for 1.0±0.1%); the cesarean sections (for 6.0±0.6%); disturbances of contractive activity of uterus after the delivery (for 9.3±0.9%); a wound fever (for 1.7±0.1%); augmentation of frequency of normogalactiya (for 11.0±1.0%) and decreases of hypogalactia of various degree (for 6.0±0.6%). Besides, the augmentation of frequency of the birth of children with an assessment behind a scale Apgar more than 7 points (for 5.6±0.5%) takes place; decrease of disturbances of postanatalny adaptation of newborns (for 6.7±0.6%) and lack of born losses. The developed algorithm allows to lift level of the positive relation of doctors with an experience to 10 years for 21.2±2.2% and with an experience more than 10 years – for 16.2±1.6%, and also to lower level of aggressive maintaining labors by 21.2±2.1%. Conclusion. Results of the conducted researches testify that application of the family focused technologies during pregnancy and labors on the algorithm developed by us allows to improve obstetric and perinatal results of a delivery of women that is a basis for their wide use in practical health care. Key words: the family focused technologies, pregnancy, labors, prophylaxis.
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Muñoz-Peñalosa, Yaneth Amparo. "Produccion por tecnologia de fermentacion de bacillus thuringiensis utilizando medios alternativos". Respuestas 5, nr 1 (18.06.2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.610.
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En la produccion por tecnologia de Fermentacion del Bacilus Thuringiensis, se estudiaron cinco metodos alternativos. Los resultados del crecimiento celular , a nivel de trabajo de 100ml en cultivo estatico y temperatura de 28°C, mostraronque el sustrato optimo correspondio al medio en el cual se adiciono melaza y polvo de arroz (Medio alternativo N°1]) El desarrollo celular utilizando 100 ml de sustrato fue estudiado con agitacion reciproca 110 r.p.m.. de esta prueba se determino filtrar el medio.La curva de creciemiento del inoculo, permitio fijar el tiempode proceso en 6 horas. Para el desarrollo de las fermentaciones , se conto con el equipo experimental, bioreactor en vidrio de dos litros de capacidad y los dispositivos para aireacion, agitacion mecanica , toma de muestra y salida de gases.La fermentacion en la produccion de Bacillus thuringiensis es del tipo discontinua , proceso aerobio y crecimiento sumergido .Teniendo en cuenta la informacion bibliografica y los resultados previos del estudio , se determinaron los parametros fijos de trabajo para realizar la produccion por fermentacion de Bacillus thuringiensis, siendo medio alternativo N°1, volumen 1 litro , temperatura 28°C y concentracion celular del inoculo. Para determinar los parametros optimos de la fermantacion se utilizo un diseño factorial de experimentos del tipo 22,(dos variables a dos niveles), siendo aireacion (3.2-0.5 VVM)y agitacion (110-210 r.p.m.).Se realizaron 7 fermentaciones , 4 del diseño y 3 del nivel medio de las variables . Para el monitoreo de la fermentacion se tomo muestra cada 12 horas y se analizo concentracion celular(Camara de Neuvauer) y pH. Los resultados de la concentracion celular para las fermentaciones medida a las 60 horas muestra que lascondiciones optimas de trabajo corresponden a los valores de la variable , aireacion 3.2 VVM y agitacion 210 r.p.m.La variable significativa fue la aireacion del pH en los medios de fermentacion cambio de neutro a acido y finalizo como basico. A las fermentaciones se les efectuo controlde calidad microbiologico, coloracion de gram, viabilidad y analisis para la concentracion de azucar fermentable inicial siendo de 9.8%. Se recomienda continuar el estudio con la caracterizacion del sustrato , instrumentacion del bioreactor , control del pH en el proceso, el estudio cinetico y realizar el escalado 1:10.
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Lavallee, Jennifer O., Gary D. Norsworthy, Carla L. Huston i Dennis J. Chew. "Safety of Benazepril in 400 Azotemic and 110 Non-Azotemic Client-Owned Cats (2001–2012)". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 53, nr 2 (1.03.2017): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6577.
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ABSTRACT This retrospective study examined cats after initiation of benazepril therapy to determine the frequency of systemic hypotension or elevations in serum creatinine and/or potassium. Medical records review identified azotemic and non-azotemic cats prescribed benazepril. Blood pressure was recorded at the first available time after initiation of therapy. No cats experienced documented systolic systemic hypotension (<90 mmHg). Serum creatinine, and potassium when available, were recorded at baseline and in time windows after initiation of treatment: 1–30 days and 31–60 days. Blood chemistry results were screened for hyperkalemia (≥6.0 mEq/L). During the first 2 mo after starting benazepril therapy, there was a low incidence (3.7%) and clinically insignificant magnitude of hyperkalemia. Serum creatinine increases of greater than 30% from baseline were noted. This change was found in 11.0% of cats during the first 30 days of therapy and in 13.7% of cats from days 31–60 after initiation of therapy. The long-term survival of the cats that had >30% increases in creatinine from baseline was not statistically different from the survival of those that did not experience these increases, which suggests this finding may not be a reason to discontinue therapy. Benazepril appeared safe in a heterogeneous population of cats.
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Isshiki, Toshiyuki, Koji Nishio, Yoshihisa Abe, Jun Komiyama, Shunichi Suzuki i Hideo Nakanishi. "HRTEM Analysis of AlN Layer Grown on 3C-SiC/Si Heteroepitaxial Substrates with Various Surface Orientations". Materials Science Forum 600-603 (wrzesień 2008): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.1317.
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Epitaxial growth of AlN was carried out by MOVPE method on SiC/Si buffered substrates prepared by using various Si surfaces of (110), (211) and (001). Cross-sectional HRTEM analyses of the interfaces between SiC buffer layer and AlN epitaxial layer disclosed characteristic nanostructures related growth mechanism on the each substrate. In the case of Si(110) and Si(211) substrate, hexagonal AlN grew directly on SiC(111) plane with AlN(0001) plane parallel to it. In contrast, growth on Si(001) substrate gave complicate structure at AlN/SiC interface. Hexagonal AlN didn’t grow directly but cubic AlN appeared with a pyramidal shape on SiC(001). When the cubic AlN grew 10nm in height, structure of growing AlN crystal changed to hexagonal type on the pyramidal {111} planes of cubic AlN.
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Margolin, B. Z., A. A. Sorokin, A. A. Buchatsky, V. A. Shvetsova, V. N. Fomenko i N. E. Pirogova. "Fracture properties and mechanisms for irradiated austenitic steels over high temperature range and formulation of fracture criterion. Part 2. Fracture criterion and model". Voprosy Materialovedeniya, nr 2(110) (1.11.2022): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2022-110-2-203-217.
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On the basis of experimental data considered in the first part of the paper the fracture criterion and fracture model are represented for high temperature radiation embrittlement of irradiated austenitic steels. The proposed model allows one to explain larger value of the fracture strain for notched cylindrical specimens as compared with smooth specimens as it has been found in the first part of the paper and also to predict fracture toughness over range of high temperature radiation embrittlement. The formulated criterion and model are verified by comparison of the calculated and experimental values of fracture toughness for 18Cr-9Ni steel irradiated up to damage dose of (24–30) dpa. Experimental values of fracture toughness are obtained from compact tension CT-0.5 specimens tested at 200°С and 600°С. The fracture toughness data for irradiated steel are represented also over temperature range from 20°С and 600°С.
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Bucharles, Sérgio Gardano Elias, Fellype Carvalho Barreto i Miguel Carlos Riella. "The impact of cinacalcet in the mineral metabolism markers of patients on dialysis with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism". Brazilian Journal of Nephrology 41, nr 3 (wrzesień 2019): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0219.
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Abstract Introduction: Treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), a common condition associated with death in patients with chronic kidney disease, is a challenge for nephrologists. Calcimimetics have allowed the introduction of drug therapies no longer based on phosphate binders and active vitamin D. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of cinacalcet in managing chronic dialysis patients with severe SHPT. Methods: This retrospective study included 26 patients [age: 52 ± 12 years; 55% females; time on dialysis: 54 (4-236) months] on hemodialysis (N = 18) or peritoneal dialysis (N = 8) with severe SHPT (intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level > 600 pg/mL) and hyperphosphatemia and/or persistent hypercalcemia treated with cinacalcet. The patients were followed for 12 months. Their serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and iPTH levels were measured at baseline and on days 30, 60, 90, 180, and 365. Results: Patients with hyperphosphatemia (57.7%), hypercalcemia (23%), or both (19.3%) with iPTH > 600 pg/mL were prescribed cinacalcet. At the end of the study, decreases were observed in iPTH (1348 ± 422 vs. 440 ± 210 pg/mL; p < 0.001), Ca (9.5 ± 1.0 vs. 9.1 ± 0.6 mg/dl; p = 0.004), P (6.0 ± 1.3 vs. 4.9 ± 1.1 mg/dl; p < 0.001), and ALP (202 ± 135 vs. 155 ± 109 IU/L; p = 0.006) levels. Adverse events included hypocalcemia (26%) and digestive problems (23%). At the end of the study, 73% of the patients were on active vitamin D and cinacalcet. Three (11.5%) patients on peritoneal dialysis did not respond to therapy with cinacalcet, and their iPTH levels were never below 800 pg/mL. Conclusion: Cinacalcet combined with traditional therapy proved safe and effective and helped manage the mineral metabolism of patients with severe SHPT.
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Senn, Ernst, Norbert Beuter, Hugo Schnell, Joseph Sauer i Mauritius Schurr. "Rezension von: Schurr, Mauritius, Kloster Beuron; Schnell, Hugo, Reber, August, Liggersdorf / Hohenzollern; Sauer, Joseph, Stadtkirche St. Martin in Meßkirch; Beuter, Norbert, Schnell, Hugo, Stadtpfarrkirche zu Sigmaringen a. D. (Hohenzollern)". Zollerheimat 6, nr 9 (28.03.2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/zh.v6i9.11166.
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Mauritius Schurr: Kloster Beuron (620. ü. M.) in Hohenzollern, Regierungsbezirk Sigmaringen, München : Dreifaltigkeitsverl., 1935 (Kunstführer 110/111). 14 Seiten : Ill.
Hugo Schnell / August Reber: Liggersdorf / Hohenzollern. Pfarrkirche Liggersdorf, Kreis Sigmaringen: Diözese Freiburg i. Br., Patrozinium Kosmas u. Damian (27. September), München : Dreifaltigkeitsverl., 1936 (Kirchenführer S 150). [8] Seiten : zahlr. Ill.
Joseph Sauer: Stadtkirche St. Martin in Meßkirch. Erzdiözese Freiburg i.Br.: Patrozinium am 11. November, München : Deifaltigkeitsverlag, 1935 (Kirchenführer 122/123). 16 Seiten ; Ill.
Norbert Beuter / Hugo Schnell: Stadtpfarrkirche zu Sigmaringen a. D. (Hohenzollern). Diözese Freiburg im Br., Patron: St. Johannes Ev., Fest am 27. Dezember, München : Dreifaltigkeitsverl., 1937 (Kirchenführer 209/210). 14 S. ; zahlr. Ill.
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Nafarnda, W. D., I. E. Ajayi, J. C. Shawulu, M. S. Kawe, G. K. Omeiza, N. A. Sani, O. Z. Tenuche, D. D. Dantong i S. Z. Tags. "Bacteriological Quality of Abattoir Effluents Discharged into Water Bodies in Abuja, Nigeria". ISRN Veterinary Science 2012 (19.07.2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/515689.
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Bacteriological characteristics of abattoir effluents (wastewater), abattoir water source, and water bodies receiving abattoir wastewater were investigated in Abuja, Nigeria using the multiple-tube fermentation technique. Source of water to the abattoirs and the usage of water bodies receiving abattoir effluents were determined using questionnaires. Bacterial counts ranged from 4.8 × 106 to 5.8 × 105 /100 mL of total coliform (TC), 8.2 × 104 to 3.2 × 104/100 mL of Fecal coliform (FC), 5.2 × 104 to 2.0 × 104/100 mL of Fecal streptococcus and 1.2 × 104 to 2.0 × 103/100 mL of Escherichia coli for abattoir effluents 6.6 × 105 to 6.0 × 105/100 mL of TC, 6.2 × 104 to 1.8 × 104/100 mL of FC, 1.8 × 104 to 6.0 × 103/100 mL of F. streptococcus, and 4.8 × 103 to 6.6 × 102/100 mL of E. coli for water bodies receiving abattoir effluents 100 m downstream. TC bacteria counts for abattoir effluents exceeded recommended limit for discharge into surface water in Nigeria. No significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between bacterial counts of abattoir effluents and receiving water bodies 100 m downstream: an indication of contamination of receiving water bodies by abattoir effluents and possible public and environmental health hazards.
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Походенько-Чудакова, И. О., Е. В. Максимович i А. Я. Кузнецова. "Dental Status of Patients who has Somatic Diseases Associated with H. pylori". Стоматология. Эстетика. Инновации, nr 1 (13.04.2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.6.1.004.
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Цель. Проанализировать стоматологический статус лиц, имеющих соматические заболевания, ассоциированные с Н. pylori, с преимущественным акцентом на очаги хронической одонтогенной инфекции и оценить возможность взаимосвязи последних с указанным инфекционным поражением.Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно проанализировано: 136 результатов эндоскопического исследования желудка и 20 амбулаторных стоматологических карт пациентов, у которых была морфологически верифицирована инфекция H. pylori.Результаты и обсуждение. Средний возраст пациентов, прошедших эндоскопическое обследование, составил 62,0 (35,6–72,0) года. У 46,3% (63) была выявлена инфекция H. pylori, заболевания желудка констатировали у 89,7% (122) пациентов. Средний возраст лиц, анализируемых по стоматологическому статусу, составил 48,0 (39,0–58,0). У 85,0% (17) исследуемых определены множественные очаги хронической одонтогенной инфекции, среднее число которых – 12,0 (4,0–15,0). При этом среднее число выявленных поражений кариеса (начальный, средний, глубокий) составило 1,0 (1,0–2,2), периодонтитов (эндодонтически пролеченных и/или удаленных зубов) – 4,0 (3,0–14,0). Из чего следует, что инфекционно-воспалительные процессы в периодонте преобладали над поражениями твердых тканей зубов в соотношении 4:1. У 45,0% (9) в полости рта присутствовали ортопедические конструкции. У 30,0% (6) было выявлено затрудненное прорезывание 3-х моляров нижней челюсти. Заключение. Полученные результаты убедительно свидетельствуют, что одним из наиболее явных источников реинфицирования H. pylori после эрадикации могут быть очаги хронической одонтогенной инфекции. Purpose. Analyze the dental status of patients with somatic diseases associated withH. pylori with a predominant emphasis on foci of chronic odontogenic infection and to assess the possibility of the relationship between the latter and the indicated infectious lesion.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was carried out, there were analyzed theresults of 136 stomach endoscopic examinations, 20 outpatient dental records of patients who were morphologically diagnosed with H. pylori infection.Results and discussion. The average age of patients who underwent endoscopicexamination was 62.0 (35.6–72.0) years. H. pylori infection was detected in 46.3% (63), stomach diseases were detected in 89.7% (122). The average age of patients analyzed by dental status was 48.0 (39.0–58.0). In 85.0% (17) of the individuals there were identified multiple foci of chronic odontogenic infection, the average number of which was 12.0 (4.0–15.0). At the same time, the average number of detected caries lesions (initial, medium, deep) was 1.0 (1.0–2.2), periodontitis (endodontically treated and / or extracted teeth) – 4.0 (3.0–14.0). 45.0% (9) of the investigated had orthopedic constructions. Eruption disorders of the lower jaw third molars were revealed in 30.0% (6).Conclusion. The obtained results strongly suggest that one of the most obvious sources of H. pylori infection after eradication may be foci of chronic odontogenic infection.
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Stravinskienė, Vida. "POLLUTION OF “AKMENĖS CEMENTAS” VICINITY: ALKALIZING MICROELEMENTS IN SOIL, COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION SPECIES AND PROJECTION COVERAGE / ”AKMENĖS CEMENTO“ APLINKOS TARŠA. DIRVOŽEMĮ ŠARMINANTYS MIKROELEMENTAI, AUGALIJOS RŪŠIŲ Į VAIROVĖ IR PROJEKCINIS PADENGIMAS / ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ ЗАВОДА «АКМЯНЕС ЦЕМЕНТАС»: ПОДЩЕЛАЧИВАЮЩИЕ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ В ПОЧВЕ, ВИДОВОЙ СОСТАВ И ПРОЕКТНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, nr 2 (28.06.2011): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.579449.
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The article presents the results of the research pertaining to forest litter and the composition of peat topsoil microelements, as well as the composition and projection coverage of undergrowth, herbaceous and bryophyte species specific to the vicinity of the cement factory “Akmenes cementas” are presented. Increased amounts of strontium, barium, titanium, manganese, copper, chromium, nickel and boron in forest litter and the upper 10 cm peat layer (up to 6 km from the pollution source) were established. 53 plant species were observed. The greater part (75–81%) of them are vascular plants. It was indicated that the diversity of vegetation species at different distances (0.5–1.0, 3.0–3.5 and 5.5–6.0 km) from the pollution source varies. Species of broadleaved trees and shrubs (Quercus robur L., Betula pendula Roth., Frangula alnus Mill., Corylus avellana L.), resistant to the impact of alkaline dust, are more outspread near the pollution source. Nearby the pollution source (0.5–1.0 km), Campylium stellatum Lange and Campylium sommerfeltii Lange, were found. At the farthest distances from the plant, the typical for Myrtillo-oxalidosa site type moss Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp., Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst, and herbs Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. were observed. Total coverage of vegetation species varied from 35.5±1.9% at the closest to the pollution source distance to 19.6±2.1% at the 3.0–3.5 km distance. It is significantly (p;<;0.05) less in comparison to the control (51.9±2.2%). The greatest part (43–72%) of the coverage in different squares of the vegetation study consisted of herbs and undergrowth plants. Santrauka Pateikami miško paklotės ir durpinio dirvožemio mikroelementinės sudėties, trako augalų , žolių bei samanų rūšių į vairovės bei projekcinio padengimo ”Akmenės cemento“ aplinkoje tyrimų rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad dėl cemento dulkių nusėdimo miško paklotėje ir durpėse (iki 6 km atstumu nuo gamyklos) yra padidėjęs mikroelementų (stroncio, bario, titano, mangano ir nikelio, chromo, vario, boro) kiekis; dėl cemento dulkių ir pelenų emisijos dirvožemis šarmejo. šis procesas lėmė augalijos rūšių sudėties skirtumus 0,5–1,0, 3,0–3,5 ir 5,5–6,0 kilometrų atstumu nuo gamyklos. Aptiktos 53 augalų rūšys; daugumą (75–81%) jų sudaro induočiai augalai. Arčiausiai (0,5–1,0 km) gamyklos gausiau išplitę šarminėms dulkėms atsparūs Quercus robur L., Betula pendula Roth., Frangula alnus Mill., Corylus avellana L. bei kalcifilinės žolės Campylium stellatum(Hedw.) Lange et C.E.O. Jensen, Campylium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lange. Toliau nuo gamyklos randamos durpiniam mėlyngiriui būdingos samanos Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. ir Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst.; gausėja šiam miško tipui būdingų žolių rūšių : Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Augalų rūšių projekcinis padengimas kinta nuo 35,5±1,9% (arčiausiai gamyklos) iki 19,6±2,2% 3,0–3,5 km atstumu nuo gamyklos, t. y.patikimai (p<0,05) mažiau už kontrolę (51,9±2,2%). Didžią ją dalį (43–72%) augalijos projekcinio padengimo sudaro žoliniai ir trako sumedėję augalai. Резюме Представлены результаты исследования состава микроэлементов в лесной подстилке и верхнем слое торфа, видового состава и проектного покрытия подлеска, трав и мхов в окружающей среде цементного завода «Акмянес цементас». Установлено увеличенное количество микроэлементов (стронция, бария, титана, марганца, свинца, хрома, никеля, бора) в лесной подстилке и верхнем (10 см) слое торфа на расстоянии до 6 км от завода. Обнаружено 53 вида растений, большую часть (75–81 %) которых составляют сосудистые растения. Разнообразие растительных видов на разном (0,5–1,0, 3,0–3,5 и 5,5–6,0 км) расстоянии от источника загрязнения меняется. Устойчивые к воздействию подщелачивающей пыли лиственные подлеска Corylus avellana L., Quercus robur L., Frangula alnus Mill., Betula pendula Roth распространены вблизи источника загрязнения. Там же найдены виды, характерные для более плодородных типов леса: Rubus idaeus L., Rubus caesius L., Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop, Poaceae травы. На более удаленном от завода расстоянии (5,5–6,0 км) найдены характерные для леса типа Myrtillo-oxalidosa мхи Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. и Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus(Hedw.) Warnst. Увеличено число видов трав, характерных для этого типа леса: Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Среднее проектное покрытие наземной растительности меняется от 35,5±1,9 % (вблизи завода) до 19,6±2,2 % на расстоянии 3,0–3,5 км от завода. Это достоверно (р < 0,05) ниже контрольных данных. Большую часть (43–72 %) составляет покрытие травянистых растений и подлеска.
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Cubley, J. F., D. R. M. Pattison, D. A. Archibald i M. Jolivet. "Thermochronological constraints on the Eocene exhumation of the Grand Forks complex, British Columbia, based on 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track geochronology". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, nr 5 (maj 2013): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0058.
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The Grand Forks complex (GFC) is a metamorphic core complex within the composite Shuswap complex in the southern Omineca belt of the Canadian Cordillera. It is juxtaposed against the surrounding low-grade rocks of the pericratonic Quesnel terrane by outward-dipping Eocene normal faults. The GFC attained peak metamorphic conditions of 750–800 °C and 5.5–6.0 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) in the late Paleocene to early Eocene, followed by ∼2.5 kbar of near-isothermal decompression at upper-amphibolite to granulite facies conditions (∼725–750 °C) in the early Eocene. Subsequent low-temperature greenschist-facies exhumation (∼0.7–1.5 kbar) was accommodated by the brittle–ductile Kettle River normal fault (KRF) on the east flank of the complex and the Granby fault (GF) on the west flank. This study presents 16 new 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and biotite dates from the GFC and low-grade rocks in the hanging walls to the KRF and GF. Cooling of the GFC through the closure temperature of hornblende (∼ 530 °C) is constrained to the interval between ∼54 and 51.4 ± 0.5 Ma, whereas cooling through the closure temperature of biotite (∼280 °C) occurred at 51.4 ± 0.2 Ma. In the hanging wall of the KRF, cooling through the closure temperature of hornblende and biotite occurred nearly coevally at 51.7 ± 0.6 Ma and 51.0 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively. Five apatite fission track dates (closure temperature ∼110 °C) from the GFC and adjacent hanging walls are indistinguishable within error, yielding an average age of 34.6 ± 2.0 Ma. The lack of difference in biotite and apatite ages between the GFC and the low-grade hanging wall rocks against which it is juxtaposed suggests no significant movement on the KRF and GF after ca. 51 Ma. Results from this study and a previous study on U–Pb dating of the GFC document rapid cooling of the GFC in excess of 200 °C/Ma in a 4 Ma interval between 55 and 51 Ma (Eocene). This rapid phase of exhumation of the GFC was followed by 15 Ma of slow cooling (∼10 °C/Ma) of the joined GFC and hanging wall between ∼280 °C (biotite closure) and ∼110 °C (apatite closure).
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Parsons, R. H., V. McDevitt, V. Aggerwal, T. Le Blang, K. Manley, N. Kim, J. Lopez i A. A. Kenedy. "Regulation of pelvic patch water flow in Bufo marinus: role of bladder volume and ANG II". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, nr 6 (1.06.1993): R1260—R1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.6.r1260.
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This report examines the importance of bladder volume in regulating cutaneous water uptake (Jv, cm3.cm-2.s-1 x 10(-7)) across the ventral pelvic patch and examines the role of angiotensin II (ANG II) and circulation as the regulatory mechanism. Jv in empty-bladder Bufo marinus (bladder volume 3.89 +/- 1.49%, n = 7) was 1,671 +/- 68 (n = 7). Injection of Ringer solution into the bladder (12.8 +/- 2.2%, n = 7) decreased Jv to 1,025 +/- 202 (n = 7). ANG II injected into toads with filled bladders increased Jv in a dose-dependent manner. At 5 micrograms/100 g toad Jv increased by 136 +/- 63 (n = 6), at 50 micrograms/100 g toad by 432 +/- 82 (n = 7), and at 200 micrograms/100 g toad by 620 +/- 142 (n = 5). Saralasin (200 micrograms/100 g toad) completely inhibited the response to ANG II (50 micrograms/100 g toad) and at 1 mg/100 g toad decreased Jv in empty-bladder toads. These experiments indicate that 1) bladder volume participates in the regulation of Jv in the ventral pelvic patch; 2) ANG II increases the Jv in toads with full bladders; 3) saralasin inhibits the high Jv in empty bladder toads; 4) the high Jv, associated with an empty bladder, requires an intact circulation to be maintained; 5) without an intact circulation, the high water flow associated with an empty bladder causes the Na+ content of the tissue in the ventral patch to be reduced; and 6) ANG II causes only a minimal increases in water permeability in the isolated pelvic patch skin.
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Orain, R., V. Lebreton, E. Russo Ermolli, A. M. Sémah, S. Nomade, Q. Shao, J. J. Bahain, U. Thun Hohenstein i C. Peretto. "Hominin responses to environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene in Central and Southern Italy". Climate of the Past Discussions 8, nr 5 (23.10.2012): 5181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-5181-2012.
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Abstract. The palaeobotanical record of early Palaeolithic sites from Western Europe indicates that hominins settled in different kinds of environments. During the "Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT)", from about 1 to 0.6 Ma, the transition from 41-ka to 100-ka dominant climatic oscillations, occurring within a long-term cooling trend, was associated with an aridity crisis which strongly modified the ecosystems. Starting from the MPT the more favorable climate of central and southern Italy provided propitious environmental conditions for long-term human occupations even during the glacial times. In fact, the human strategy of territory occupation was certainly driven by the availabilities of resources. Prehistoric sites such as Notarchirico (ca. 680–600 ka), La Pineta (ca. 600–620 ka), Gaudo San Nicola (ca. 380–350 ka) or Ceprano (ca. 345–355 ka) testify to a preferential occupation of the central and southern Apennines valleys during interglacial phases, while later interglacial occupations were oriented towards the coastal plains, as attested by the numerous settlements of the Roma basin (ca. 300 ka). Faunal remains indicate that human subsistence behaviors benefited of a diversity of exploitable ecosystems, from semi-open to closed environments. In central and southern Italy, several palynological records have already illustrated the regional and local scale vegetation dynamic trends. During the Middle Pleistocene climate cycles, mixed mesophytic forests developed during the interglacial periods and withdrew in response to increasing aridity during the glacial episodes. New pollen data from the Boiano basin (Molise, Italy), attest to the evolution of vegetation and climate between OIS 13 and 9 (ca. 500 to 300 ka). In this basin, the persistence of high edaphic humidity, even during the glacial phases, could have favored the establishment of a refuge area for the arboreal flora and provided subsistence resources for the animal and hominin communities during the Middle Pleistocene. This could have constrained human groups to migrate into such a propitious area. Regarding to the local climate evolution during the glacial episodes, the supposed displacement from these sites could be linked to the environmental dynamics solely due to the aridity increase rather than directly to the global climate changes.
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Abdullayev, Seidulla, Gabit Bakyt, Azhar Kamzina, Nurgul Suleyeva i Natalya Tokmurzina-Kobernyak. "Dynamic Interaction of the TE-33A Diesel Locomotive and the Track in a Curve with a Radius of 600 Meters". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research 13, nr 2 (2024): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.13.2.205-212.
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This article deals with the indicators of dynamic properties that ensure road safety, compliance with the rules of maintenance and servicing were determined, with geometric labelling, the forces acting on the crew were not determined, but it was assumed that they affect the position of the crew in the curve. The loads on each axle of the locomotive were calculated taking into account the weight of the TE-33A. In order to determine the forces acting on the crew and the path as a function of the stationary movement speeds along the curve, the so-called dynamic insertion of the crew into the curve is carried out. As part of the study, the indicators of frame forces and the coefficients of vertical dynamics of the first suspension stage of the TE-33A locomotive were determined when passing through a curve with a radius of 600 m at speeds of 40, 60, 85, and 100 km/h. At the same time, the largest forces acting on the crew were determined. At the same time, the largest forces were determined, which occur during the movement of this TE-33A locomotive along the curve, when individual elements of the locomotive (wheel pairs, wagon, body) perform complex movements when traveling in the transition curve. As a result of the experimental tests, it was found that the obtained frame force indicators and dynamic indicators of the first stage of the suspension of the TE-33A diesel locomotive meet all the requirements of the permissible standards.
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Devika, G. S., M. Sudhakar i J. Venkateshwara Rao. "Isocratic RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Separation and Estimation of Zofenopril and Hydrochlorthiazide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms". E-Journal of Chemistry 9, nr 2 (2012): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/201265.
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A simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of Zofenopril and Hydrochlorthiazide in combined dosage form. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was performed on a Purospher BDS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size). The mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile methanol: 0.02M NaH22PO4buffer (40:20:40) was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The pH of the mobile phase is adjusted to 7.2 with Sodium hydroxide solution. Detection was performed at 245 nm.The separation was completed within 10 min and the retention time of hydrochlorthiazide is 4.62 and Zofenopril is 6.86 min respectively. Calibration curves were linear with R2between 0.99-1.0 over a concentration range of 100-600 μg/ml for Zofenopril calcium and 50-300 μg/ml for hydrochlorthiazide..The developed method was successfully applied to determi
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SARITA RANI, SURESH KUMAR, V.S. HOODA i SATISH KUMAR. "Bio-efficacy of metribuzin based herbicide mixtures on weeds and productivity of wheat". Indian Journal of Agronomy 66, nr 4 (10.10.2001): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v66i4.2885.
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A field experiment was conducted during 201415 and 201516 at Hisar, Haryana, to study bioefficacy of metribuzin-based herbicide mixture on weeds and producitivty of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 5 wheat varieties WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW 621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17 in main plots and 6 weed-management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha), metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha) metribuzin + clodinafop (150 + 45 g/ha), weed-free and weedy check, in subplots, each replicated thrice. The wheat varieties did not affect the weed den- sity and weed dry-matter accumulation. Wheat variety WH 1105 resulted in the maximum grain, straw and biologi- cal yields, being statistically at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but significantly better over DBW 17 and WH 1124. Among the herbicides, the density of grassy and total weeds and their dry-matter accumulation at all stages were observed minimum with metribuzin + fenoxaprop which remained at par with other 2 combinations of metribuzin, whereas density and dry matter of broad-leaf weeds were found minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Alone application of metribuzin resulted in the lowest grain yield of wheat as compared to all the other herbi- cidal treatments.
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Abid, Sallal R., Ahmmad A. Abbass, Gunasekaran Murali, Mohammed L. J. Al-Sarray, Islam A. Nader i Sajjad H. Ali. "Post-High-Temperature Exposure Repeated Impact Response of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete". Buildings 12, nr 9 (2.09.2022): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091364.
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The response of plain and fibrous concrete to the scenario of fired structures exposed to repeated impacts from falling fragmented building elements and other objects is experimentally investigated in this study. The experimental program included the casting and testing of specimens with 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% hooked-end steel fibers (SFs) under the ACI 544-2R repeated-impact test. The impact test was conducted using cylindrical disk specimens, while 100 mm cubes were used to evaluate the residual compressive strength and weight loss. From each mixture, six disks and three cubes were heated to high temperatures of 200, 400, and 600 °C, while a similar set of specimens were tested without heating as a reference group. The results show that SF could significantly improve cracking impact resistance and dramatically boost failure impact numbers. The retained percentage improvements were the highest for specimens heated to 600 °C, which were approximately 250% at the cracking stage and 1680% at the failure stage for specimens with 1.0% SF. The test results also show that the repeated-impact resistance dramatically deteriorated at high temperatures, where the maximal residual cracking and failure impact numbers after exposure to 200, 400, and 600 °C were approximately 20% and 40%, 4% and 7%, and 2.2% and 4%, respectively.
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Smith, Michael, Robert Newton, Sherry Owens, Xiaohua Gong, Chuan Tian, Janet Maleski i Lance Leopold. "28 Retrospective pooled analysis of epacadostat clinical studies identifies doses required for maximal pharmacodynamic effect in anti-PD-1 combination studies". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (listopad 2020): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0028.
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BackgroundIDO1 is the initial rate-limiting enzyme in one breakdown pathway of tryptophan. It reduces tryptophan levels and generates metabolites (e.g., kynurenine [KYN]) that contribute to tumor-associated immune suppression. Epacadostat (EPA) is a novel, potent, selective, reversible inhibitor of IDO1 studied in clinical trials in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Epacadostat-induced decreases in plasma KYN have been used as a pharmacodynamic measure of drug activity and have aided in dose selection for clinical studies. Despite encouraging signs of efficacy in combination with pembrolizumab (PMB) in the ECHO-202 study, a large phase 3 study in melanoma (ECHO-301) failed to reproduce this outcome.1MethodsLongitudinal plasma samples were obtained from participants in EPA clinical studies. Plasma KYN and EPA concentrations were measured by validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (qMSI) of intratumoral tryptophan metabolites was also performed.ResultsAnalysis of plasma KYN levels demonstrated that PMB monotherapy significantly elevated KYN. While blocking the PMB-induced increase, EPA (100 mg BID) in combination with PMB failed to normalize KYN to healthy control levels as was reported for EPA monotherapy.2 Because anti-PD-1 treatment can induce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and IDO1 expression is IFNg inducible,3 we hypothesize that PMB-induced IFN-γ may be responsible for the observed increase of plasma KYN levels. Combined analysis of plasma KYN from additional EPA/anti-PD-1 combination (ECHO-202; EPA/PMB, ECHO-204; EPA/nivolumab) and monotherapy (ECHO-210) studies, with EPA doses ranging from 50 to 600 mg BID, suggested that higher EPA doses (≥600 mg BID) may be necessary to overcome the anti-PD-1–associated KYN elevation. Doses ≥600 mg BID are projected to cover the EPA IC90 value for 24h. The POD1UM-102 study is currently evaluating the combination of a novel anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (retifanlimab) plus EPA at doses up to 900 mg BID. Preliminary results from this study indicate that 600 mg BID is the maximally tolerated dose and is capable of maintaining suppression of KYN to healthy control levels through treatment cycle 4. Additionally, qMSI of paired pre-treatment and on-treatment biopsies demonstrated intratumoral suppression of KYN production with EPA 600 mg BID.ConclusionsUsing suppression of plasma KYN as a pharmacodynamic marker of EPA activity, we demonstrated that maximal blockade of IDO1 activity in the context of anti-PD-1 treatment requires doses of EPA substantially higher than those tested in prior clinical studies. These findings are now informing additional proof of concept clinical studies.AcknowledgementsThese studies were sponsored by Incyte Corporation (ECHO-210, POD1UM-102) and in collaboration with MSD (ECHO-301, ECHO-202) and Bristol Myers Squibb (ECHO-204).Trial RegistrationECHO-202 [NCT NCT02178722]; ECHO-204 [NCT02327078]; ECHO-210 [NCT01685255]; ECHO-301 [NCT02752074]; POD1UM-102 [NCT03589651]Ethics ApprovalThese studies were each approved by the institutional review board or independent ethics committee of participating institutions.ReferencesLong GV, Dummer R, Hamid O, et al. Epacadostat plus pembrolizumab versus placebo plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma (ECHO-301/KEYNOTE-252): a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study. Lancet Oncol 2019;20:1083–1097Beatty GL, O’Dwyer PJ, Clark J, et al. First-in-human phase I study of the oral inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 epacadostat (INCB024360) in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23:3269–3276.Munn, DH, Mellor AL. IDO in the tumor microenvironment: inflammation, counter-regulation, and tolerance. Trends Immunol 2016;37:193–207.
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Tonorezos, Emily S., Lillian R. Meacham, Joanne F. Chou, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Wendy M. Leisenring, Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Charles A. Sklar i in. "Increased late mortality in underweight survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, nr 5_suppl (10.02.2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.110.
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110 Background: Approximately one-in-ten adult survivors of childhood cancer are underweight. While the consequences of being overweight or obese have been well-described, outcomes among underweight childhood cancer survivors are unknown. Methods: Underweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI)< 18.5 kg/m2, calculated from self-reported height and weight on either the baseline or the first follow-up questionnaire from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). National Death Index provided death data and self-reported subsequent malignant neoplasm were validated by pathology report. Chi-square test was used to examine the association between underweight status (< 8.5 kg/m2 vs ≥ 18.5 kg/m2) and baseline demographic characteristics. Marginal models with generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the associations between BMI and outcomes. Results: Of 9454 survivors (median age 35 years old, range 17-58, with an average of 17.5 years from diagnosis), 627 (6.6%) participants were underweight at baseline and had at least two years of additional follow-up. 29 of 184 deaths were among underweight survivors. In univariate analysis, underweight status was more common among females (9.1% vs 4.5 %, p<0.01) and participants with younger age (8.2% for <5 yrs vs. 6.1% for >=5yr, p<.01), lower household income (8.9% for <$20,000 vs. 6.0% for >=$20,000, p<0.01), and a history of a grade 3 to 4 chronic condition (p = 0.05). After adjustment for these factors, in addition to race/ethnicity, prior smoking, and a history of radiation therapy, the odds of all-cause mortality within two years of BMI report was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.64-2.2; p<0.01) for underweight survivors, compared to normal weight survivors. The risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms within two years of BMI report among underweight survivors compared to normal weight survivors was not significantly increased (OR 1.31; 95% CI: 0.60-2.85; p = 0.49). Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors who are underweight are at significant risk for late mortality that is unrelated to smoking status, chronic illness, or second malignancy. Whether targeted nutritional interventions would ameliorate this risk is unknown.
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Hálková, Tereza, Bohuš Bunganič, Eva Traboulsi, Marek Minárik, Miroslav Zavoral i Lucie Benešová. "Prognostic Role of Specific KRAS Mutations Detected in Aspiration and Liquid Biopsies from Patients with Pancreatic Cancer". Genes 15, nr 10 (7.10.2024): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15101302.
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Background/Objectives: Although the overall survival prognosis of patients in advanced stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poor, typically ranging from days to months from diagnosis, there are rare cases of patients remaining in therapy for longer periods of time. Early estimations of survival prognosis would allow rational decisions on complex therapy interventions, including radical surgery and robust systemic therapy regimens. Understandably, there is great interest in finding prognostic markers that can be used for patient stratification. We determined the role of various KRAS mutations in the prognosis of PDAC patients using biopsy samples and circulating tumor DNA. Methods: A total of 118 patients with PDAC, clinically confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNB), were included in the study. DNA was extracted from cytological slides following a standard cytology evaluation to ensure adequacy (viability and quantity) and to mark the tumor cell fraction. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was extracted from plasma samples of 45 patients in stage IV of the disease. KRAS mutations in exons 12 and 13 were detected by denaturing capillary electrophoresis (DCE), revealing a minute presence of mutation-specific heteroduplexes. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated for individual KRAS mutation types. Results:KRAS mutations were detected in 90% of tissue (106/118) and 44% of plasma (20/45) samples. All mutations were localized at exon 2, codon 12, with G12D (GGT > GAT) being the most frequent at 44% (47/106) and 65% (13/20), followed by other types including G12V (GGT > GTT) at 31% (33/106) and 10% (2/20), G12R (GGT > CGT) at 17% (18/106) and 10% (2/20), G12C (GGT/TGT) at 5% (5/106) and 0% (0/20) and G12S (GGT/AGT) at 1% (1/106) and 5% (1/20) in tissue and plasma samples, respectively. Two patients had two mutations simultaneously (G12V + G12S and G12D + G12S) in both types of samples (2%, 2/106 and 10%, 2/20 in tissue and plasma samples, respectively). The median survival of patients with the G12D mutation in tissues was less than half that of other patients (median survival 101 days, 95% CI: 80–600 vs. 228 days, 95% CI: 184–602), with a statistically significant overall difference in survival (p = 0.0080, log-rank test), and furthermore it was less than that of all combined patients with other mutation types (101 days, 95% CI: 80–600 vs. 210 days, 95% CI: 161–602, p = 0.0166). For plasma samples, the survival of patients with this mutation was six times shorter than that of patients without the G12D mutation (27 days, 95% CI: 8–334 vs. 161 days, 95% CI: 107–536, p = 0.0200). In contrast, patients with detected KRAS G12R in the tissue survived nearly twice as long as other patients in the aggregate (286 days, 95% CI: 70–602 vs. 162 days, 95% CI: 122–600, p = 0.0374) or patients with other KRAS mutations (286 days, 95% CI: 70–602 vs. 137 days, 95% CI: 107–600, p = 0.0257). Conclusions: Differentiation of specific KRAS mutations in EUS-FNB and ctDNA (above all, the crucial G12D and G12R) is feasible in routine management of PDAC patients and imperative for assessment of prognosis.
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Tsygankova, D. P., N. V. Fedorova, K. E. Krivoshapova, S. A. Maksimov, E. V. Indukaeva, E. B. Shapovalova, G. V. Artamonova i O. L. Barbarash. "Socio-economic risk factors of hypertension in the elderly". Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 35, nr 4 (25.12.2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-4-111-118.
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Purpose. To assess the frequency of detection of essential hypertension in persons aged over 60 years depending on the socio-economic risk factors.Material and Methods. A total of 582 people aged 60 to 70 years were studied. All participants were surveyed to determine the level of education, income, professional affiliation, and family composition. Statistical data processing was carried out using Statistica 6.0 software. The significance level for statistical hypothesis testing in the study was <0.05.Results and Discussion. Hypertension occurred in 87.2% of rural residents and in 84.6% of urban residents (p = 0.429). This condition was diagnosed in 82.7% of men and 86.1% of women (p = 0.339). Regression analysis showed that holding a managerial position was associated with an increase in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.1 mmHg (p = 0.013). Formal marriage or common-law marriage was associated with an increase in mean SBP by 2.4 mmHg (p = 0.034) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 2.2 mmHg (p = 0.002). Living in rural areas was associated with decreased mean DBP by 1.66 mmHg (p = 0.015). The prevalence rates of hypertension were 90.5% in widows and 73.7% in women who had never been married (p = 0.031). No statistically significant differences were found between men with different marital status; however, the maximum prevalence of hypertension was observed among divorced men; the minimum prevalence was observed among widowers.Conclusions. There was no difference in the frequency of detection of hypertension between urban and rural older adults. The highest prevalence of hypertension among women was observed in widows; the lowest prevalence was found in women who had never been married. Among men, the highest prevalence of hypertension was observed in divorced persons; the minimum prevalence was detected in widowers, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Корепанова, Елена, Elena Korepanova, Рамис Галиев, Ramis Galiev, Вера Гореева i Vera Goreeva. "RESPONSE OF OILSEED FLAX OF VNIIMK 620 AND SEVERNUY VARIETIES TO FALL-PLOUGHING IN THE MIDDLE URAL". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, nr 1 (30.03.2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ccedba80c9ff1.78785390.
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In 2016-2017 on the experimental areas of JSC “Uchkhoz Iyulskoe of Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy” the studies were conducted to identify the reaction of oilseed flax of VNIIMK 620 and Severny varieties to spraying with Zero herbicide after harvesting its predecessor and the methods of fall-tillage by forming the yield of seeds. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic medium loamy. The predecessor is winter triticale. On average, over two years of research of the oilseed flax of VNIIMK 620 and Severnuy varieties, they increased seed productivity by 2.2–7.2 centners per hectare or 1.6–2.8 times in variants with fall-tillage KN-4, PLN-4 -35, BDT-3, relative to the same indicator in the variants without fall-ploughing. In the variant with soilless autumn-tillage of KN-4, the productivity of oilseed flax VNIIMK 620 (11.0–11.3 centners per hectare) and Northern (10.6–11.4 centners per hectare) was on the same level as the seed yield in option with dump soil treatment PLN-4-35 (10.9-11.2 centners per hectare and 11.3-11.5 centners per hectare, respectively). However, in the version without the use of the herbicide Zero with the small tillage of the BDT-3, since autumn the seed yield decreased by 1.8-2.0 centners per hectare (16-18%) in the variety VNIIMK 620 and by 1.9 centners per hectare ( 17%) for the Northern variety, in comparison with the yield in the variants with the treatment of KN-4 and PLN-4-35. In the variant with spraying with Zero herbicide and ground treatment of BDT-3 soil, the yield of oilseed flax VNIIMK 620 and Severny did not have significant differences with seed yield in variants with KN-4 and PLN-4-35.
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Codella, C., F. Gueth i S. Cabrit. "The CO(6−5) Protostellar Jet Driven by HH 212 as Imaged by ALMA-Band 9". Research Notes of the AAS 7, nr 9 (29.09.2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acfd9f.
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Abstract During the earliest phases of the formation of a Sun-like star, jets play a key role in removing angular momentum from the accretion disk, allowing accretion onto the central star. Here we report, for the first time, the bipolar fast (∼150 km s−1) jet driven by the archetypical HH 212, as imaged on scales of ∼100 au by CO(6–5). Adopting Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions, and optically thin emission, we derive the total CO column densities in the jet lobes: ∼1017 cm−2. Both jet lobes are 1200 au long. The observations have been performed using the ALMA Early Science operations, showing how the ALMA interferometer can be efficiently used in its Band 9 (>600 GHz) to investigate of protostellar jet.
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Harefa, Misael Oktavianda, i Soeb Aripin. "Penerapan Metode K-Means Dalam Pengelompokkan Buku Untuk Menentukan Minat Baca Pada Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Medan". Bulletin of Artificial Intelligence 3, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.62866/buai.v3i1.129.
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The library is a facility that functions as an information center, a source of various knowledge, research, recreation and cultural preservation. The Medan City Regional Library is a library organized by the regional government using general funds which aims to serve the public in obtaining comprehensive information without distinguishing gender, religion, race, age, occupation and position. In 2021 the Medan city regional library has 28 thousands of titles books in several categories. Of the many books contained in the library, a system must be needed where the system is useful for both the library and the reader in maximizing grouping of books and searching books easily by the reader, therefore the K-Means Clustering method is used, where the method This is a method in data mining that processes clustering data that is grouped into one or more clusters. In this study, 100 samples of book category data were used in the Medan City library. This study groups the data categories into 3 clusters, namely the most desirable, desirable and least desirable. The results of this method process will find out the most popular book category data so that in the future it will be a consideration for the librarian to increase the collection of books at the Medan City regional library. The process of calculating the K-Means method in grouping books is only carried out until the 2nd iteration because iteration -3 gets the same value. In Cluster 1 (Most Interested) choose 6 categories of books including Category 020-Library and Information, 070-Mass Media, Journalism and Publication, 050-Psychology, 420-Indonesian, 600-Technology, 650-Management. In Cluster 2 (Desired) choose 16 categories of books including 000-General Publications and General Information, 030-Encyclopedias and Books, 040-Biography, 050-Magazines and Journals, 090-Manuscripts and Rare Books, 210-Islamic Religion, 300-Science Social, 320-Political Science, 330-Economics, 410-Indonesian, 510-Mathematics, 620-Technical Sciences, 770-Photography and Photos, 780-Music, 910-General Travel Geography, 930-Old World History. And in cluster 3 (Less Interested) 78 categories of books were selected. 10 of them 010-Bibliography, 060-Association of Organizations and Museums, 080-Quotes, 100-Philosophy and Psychology, 110-Mathematics, 120-Epistimology, 030-Parapsychology and Occultism, 040-Philosophical Thought, 060 Logical Philosophy, 070-Ethics.
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แซมมงคล, ประภัสสร, i สุดาภรณ์ สุดประเสริฐ. "การใช้ม่านบังผนังกระจกและปล่องระบายอากาศเพื่อลดอุณหภูมิภายในห้องไม่ปรับอากาศ". Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 18, nr 1 (30.10.2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v18i1.240009.
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ผ้าม่านบังแดดที่ผนังกระจกนั้นมีอุณหภูมิผิวผ้าม่านสูงและมีอากาศร้อนในช่องอากาศระหว่างกระจกกับม่านไหลเข้ามาภายในห้อง งานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาการใช้ช่องอากาศระหว่างกระจกกับม่านเป็นปล่องระบายอากาศเพื่อลดอุณหภูมิม่านโดยทดลองตัวอย่างผ้าม่าน 3 ชนิดคือผ้าม่านตัดแสง ผ้าม่านทึบแสงและผ้าม่านสะท้อนความร้อนที่มีอลูมิเนียมเคลือบผิวด้านนอก การทดลองประกอบด้วยการติดตั้งผ้าม่านเป็นผนังด้านในของปล่องและเปิดช่องเปิดที่ด้านบนกระจกและที่ด้านล่างของม่านเป็นทางออกและทางเข้าของอากาศตามลำดับ ผลการศึกษานำไปเปรียบเทียบกับกรณีปิดช่องเปิดทางออก-เข้าปล่องไม่ให้อากาศไหลผ่าน ผลการศึกษาที่ค่ารังสีอาทิตย์คงที่ 600 W/m2 พบว่าอุณหภูมิผิวของผ้าม่านเมื่อเปิดใช้ปล่องระบายอากาศมีค่าต่ำกว่าเมื่อมีการปิดช่องระบายอากาศอยู่ 2.2 - 5.4 °C โดยผ้าม่านสะท้อนความร้อนมีอุณหภูมิผิวต่ำที่สุด อุณหภูมิผ้าม่านทั้ง 3 ชนิดสูงกว่าอุณหภูมิห้องประมาณ 7.6 - 12.4 °C อย่างไรก็ตามพบว่ามีการรั่วซึมของอากาศร้อนออกจากปล่องผ่านรูพรุนของผ้าและการถ่ายเทความร้อนเข้าสู่ภายในกล่องทดลอง งานวิจัยนี้ได้พบว่าผ้าม่านตัวอย่างนั้นมีความต้านทานความร้อนต่ำซึ่งส่งผลต่อสมรรถนะของปล่องระบายอากาศ ดังนั้นจึงได้แนะนำให้ใช้วัสดุฉนวนที่เคลือบผิวด้านนอกด้วยอลูมิเนียมสะท้อนความร้อนมีค่าการต้านทานความรวมอย่างน้อยที่สุดเท่ากับ 0.94 - 1.0 °Cm2/W แทนการใช้ม่านทั่วไปที่ทำมาจากเส้นใยโพลีเอสเตอร์ สามารถลดความแตกต่างระหว่างอุณหภูมิผิวด้านในของม่านและอุณหภูมิห้องลงได้ 6 °C
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Ivanov, N. I., D. A. Chevychelov, E. Yu Pisevich, S. A. Chevychelov i M. S. Razumov. "Hot Tool Welding of Pipelines from Polyethylene for Gas Supply with a Diameter of 90-315 mm". Proceedings of the Southwest State University 27, nr 2 (19.12.2023): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2023-27-2-24-41.
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Purpose of research. GOST P 55276-2012 applied in the Russian Federation does not regulate concrete data on the choice of this or that procedure under various conditions of welding and standard sizes of the applied pipes, leaving it to the discretion of the consumer. Unlike the procedure of the welding with only low pressure which is well fulfilled and widely applied in domestic practice, the welding according to the procedure with the only high pressure allowing to reduce three times time of a welding cycle is practically not used and specially intended welding machines in Russia are not issued. In this regard this work is devoted to development of the modes of hot tool welding of abutting connections of pipes from polyethylene with a diameter from 90 to 315 mm for SDR 13.6 - SDR 9.0 with the only high pressure, to the choice of possible domestic welding equipment and experimental check of the developed modes.Methods. In this article for butt welding by the heated tool of pipes from polyethylene with a diameter from 90 to 315 mm, using a design technique, main parameters of welding procedure are determined with the only high pressure. When choosing the welding machine necessary for tube welding of the considered range on welding procedure with the only high pressure, by results of the carried-out analysis of technical datas of domestic welding machines and features of their operation capabilities it is preferred as the welding machine with the hydraulic drive "Native of the Volga Region of SSPT-315". For experimental check of the executed payment of parameters of the procedure of welding under the cyclogram with the only high pressure four joints of pipes with a diameter of 110 mm with thickness of a wall of 10 mm from PE-100 (SDR 11.0) have been welded and visual and measuring quality control of the executed connections and short-term tests of technological samples on axial stretching by the R-50 machine is made.Results. Mechanical tests of technological samples of all joints of the pipes from PE-100 with a diameter of 110 mm (SDR 11.0) executed on the SSPT-315 welding machine on welding procedure with the only high pressure have shown 100% - ny result of plastic nature of destruction at the size of lengthening from 500 to 600%.Conclusion. The high quality of experimental joints of pipes from PE-100 assumes a possibility of use of the SSPT- 315 machine for hot tool welding of pipes from polyethylene of everything of the range regulated by technical datas on welding procedure with the only high pressure.
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Crichton, W. A., J. B. Parise, H. Müller, J. Breger, W. G. Marshall i M. D. Welch. "Synthesis and structure of magnesium hydroxide fluoride, Mg(OH)F: a topological intermediate between brucite- and rutile-type structures". Mineralogical Magazine 76, nr 1 (luty 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.1.25.
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AbstractMagnesium hydroxyfluoride, Mg(OH)F, has been synthesized by a subcritical hydrothermal route from a 1:1 molar mixture of brucite, Mg(OH)2, and sellaite, MgF2 with a rutile type structure, in excess water. Using a combination of synchrotron X-ray and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, the structure of Mg(OH)F has been solved in the diaspore space group Pnma with a = 10.116(3), b = 4.6888(10) and c = 3.0794(7) Å at ambient conditions. The most intense diffraction lines are [dobs (hkl) Iobs]: 2.291 (211) 10, 4.253 (101) 7, 1.747 (212) 7, 2.229 (401) 6 and 1.480 (610) (4) Å, with the largest d-spacing at 5.058 Å. Sharp infrared stretching bands are located at 3679 and 3645 cm–1, with a broader band at 3535 cm–1. The topology of the structure is intermediate between that of the OH and F endmembers, being derived through notional shearing nearly normal to the sheets of octahedra of the CdI2/Mg(OH)2-type structure. Further similar shearing at an interval 1/2a would lead to a Cd(OH)F-type structure, which is also related to the rutile structure type. The observations and model presented here indicate a close correlation between the structural properties of the endmembers and Mg(OH)F.
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Rani, Sarita, Suresh Kumar, Virender Singh i Jagdish Parshad. "Assessing varietal tolerance and weed control effectiveness of metribuzin-based herbicide mixtures in wheat (Triticum aestivum)". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, nr 6 (23.02.2022): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i6.111327.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Research Farm of Department of Agronomy,CCSHAU, Hisar. The experiment comprised five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17) in main plots and six weed management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha),metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha), metribuzin + clodinafop (150+ 45 g/ha), weed free and weedy check in sub-plots was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Thepopulation and dry matter accumulation of weeds were not affected by wheat varieties. Wheat variety WH 1105resulted in maximum grain yield and remained at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but statistically superior toDBW 17 and WH 1124. Minimum population of grassy and total weeds and dry matter accumulation by them wasobserved with metribuzin + fenoxaprop, being at par with other two combinations of metribuzin. But, the densityand dry matter of broad leaved weeds was minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Among herbicidal treatments, metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha) remained superior with maximum grain yield
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Anuforo, Henry Uzoma, Toochukwu Ekwutosi Ogbulie, Angela Chika Udebuani i Ethelbert Uchechukwu Ezeji. "Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Extract of Cynodon dactylon and Assessment of their Biological Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli". UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2382.009.
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Nanotechnology is a groundbreaking technology that that has been widely applied in creating materials which are useful in various fields. It's important to maintain eco-friendly approaches for synthesis of nanoparticles by diversifying the substrate sources. In this study, the researchers used aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract showed high concentrations of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. In contrast, moderate concentrations of tannins, oils, and fats, and low concentrations of phlorotannins, saponin, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found. Sterols, anthraquinone glycosides, gums, and mucilages were not detected in the extract. The synthesized ZnONPs showed absorbance ranging from 293 nm to 336 nm, with a peak at 307 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the surface of the ZnONPs contained alcohol (intermolecular bonded), alkyne, amine salt, alkane, alkyne, aromatic compounds, conjugated alkene, amine, nitro compound, sulfonyl chloride, alkylaryl ether, and sulfoxide. Dynamic light scatering (DLS) analysis of the ZnONPs showed that its average size was 35.34±1.64 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.6335. Spectrum of X ray diffraction indicated that peaks formed at 2θ and their corresponding orientation planes are 31.92o (100), 34.62o (002), 36.44o (101), 47.64o (102), 56.84o (110), 63.3o (200), and 68.16o (112). Transmission electron micrograph revealed the spherical shape, and nonuniform sizes of ZnONPs, which ranged from 0.52 nm to 8.32 nm. Antibacterial analysis of biosynthesized ZnONPs recorded 16±3.2 mm and 6.0±2.2 mm; 6.7±2.1 mm and 4.33±1.3 mm, 0.0±0.0 mm and 1.0±1.41 mm, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, at 53.3 mg/mL, 26.7 mg/mL and 13.3 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, biosynthesized ZnONPs demonstrated effective dose-dependent antibiofilm formation activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Consequently, extract of Cynodon dactylon is suitable for biosynthesis of ZnONPs with effective antibacterial and antibiofilm formation activities.
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ДОМАРАЦЬКИЙ, Є. О. "ВПЛИВ АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ ТА КОМБІНОВАНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ НА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВОДОСПОЖИВАННЯ РІПАКУ ОЗИМОГО ЗА РІЗНИХ УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ". Аграрні інновації, nr 17 (27.04.2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2023.17.7.
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Мета статті – встановлення впливу різних норм азотного живлення в поєднанні з позакореневими обробками рослин комбінованими препаратами на динамічність процесу водоспоживання ріпаку озимого, а також інтенсивність реакції рослин на ці чинники. Методи. Для характеристики водного режиму посівів ріпаку озимого впродовж весняно-літньої вегетації проводили трьохразове визначення вологості ґрунту для розрахунку запасу продуктивної вологи. Експериментальні дані обробляли методом багатофакторного дисперсійного аналізу за Ушкаренко В.О. Моделювання формування урожайності здійснювалося із застосуванням ліцензійного програмного інструменту «Statistica 8.0». Результати. Польові досліди проводили впродовж 2012–2020 рр. в незрошуваних умовах Вознесенського району Миколаївської області на чорноземах звичайних малогумусні з вмістом гумусу – 3,2%. В дослідах вивчали гібрид ріпаку озимого Кронос та сорт Чорний велетень. Дослідні ділянки розташовували у трьох повтореннях послідовно. Площа дослідної ділянки становила 2520 м2, а облікової – 600 м2. Сівбу проводили у період 1 – 10 вересня з нормою висіву 1,0 млн. схожих насінин на 1 га. Попередником виступав чорний пар. Схема дослідів включала варіанти з проведенням ранньо-весняного підживлення азотними добривами дозою N60 т а N 90, та позакореневі підживлення препаратом Вуксал Мікроплант® (мікродобриво німецької компанії «Аглюкон») та комплексним рістрегулюючим препаратом Хелафіт Комбі® двічи в період вегетації рослин ріпаку озимого. Висновки. Результатами досліджень доведено, що азотні підживлення та застосування комбінованих препаратів помітно збільшують показник загального водоспоживання, різниця між крайніми варіантами за величиною загального водоспоживання становила 328 м3/га, або на 14,4% більше. За окремими факторами зростання загального водоспоживання мало вигляд: підживлення N60 – на 5,2%; N90 – на 11,1%; препарат Вуксал – на 1,8%; препарат Хелафіт Комбі за дворазового внесення – на 2,1%. Результати досліджень свідчать, що коефіцієнт водоспоживання при зростанні загальних витрат вологи мав тенденцію до зниження. Встановлено, що при дозі внесених добрив N60 коефіцієнт водоспоживання зменшувався до 212–220, а при N90 – до 202–203 м3/т біомаси. За такого сполучення факторів кращі результати було досягнуто за комбінації азотного підживлення N90 з дворазовим внесенням препарату Хелафіт Комбі. У такій комбінації величина коефіцієнту водоспоживання зменшилась на 35 м3/т сухої біомаси (18%). Відповідно, проведення азотного підживлення дозою N90 у комбінації з внесенням багатофункціонального рістрегулюючого препарату Хелафіт Комбі дозволяє помітно економніше витрачати вологу для утворення органічної біомаси.
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Margolin, B. Z., A. A. Sorokin, A. A. Buchatsky, V. A. Shvetsova, O. Yu Prokoshev i N. E. Pirogova. "Fracture properties and mechanisms for irradiated austenitic steels over high temperature range and formulation of fracture criterion. Part 1. Experimental results". Voprosy Materialovedeniya, nr 2(110) (1.11.2022): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2022-110-2-185-202.
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The experimental study results of the fracture properties and mechanisms are represented over temperature range from 200 up to 600°С for austenitic 304 steel (18Cr–9Ni steel) in the following conditions: (1) after neutron irradiation at temperature of 400°С up to damage dose of 30 dpa; (2) after neutron irradiation and subsequent aging at 550°С for 3000 hours. The fracture properties and mechanisms are determined under uniaxial tension of standard smooth cylindrical specimens and notched cylindrical specimens, i.e. for various stress triaxialities. Sharp decrease in the fracture strain and transition to intergranular fracture are revealed over high temperature range forstandard smooth cylindrical specimens. Over the same temperature range the fracture strain is larger for notched cylindrical specimens than for smooth cylindrical specimens, moreover a portion of intergranular fracture is also larger. This finding is rather abnormal as the fracture strain usually decreases when stress triaxiality and intergranular fracture portion increase. The obtained results are used for formulation of fracture criterion and elaboration of fracture model for high temperature radiation embrittlement that is considered in the second part of the paper.
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Daniels, C. J., A. J. Poulton, M. Esposito, M. L. Paulsen, R. Bellerby, M. St John i A. P. Martin. "Phytoplankton dynamics in contrasting early stage North Atlantic spring blooms: composition, succession, and potential drivers". Biogeosciences 12, nr 8 (24.04.2015): 2395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2395-2015.
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Abstract. The spring bloom is a key annual event in the phenology of pelagic ecosystems, making a major contribution to the oceanic biological carbon pump through the production and export of organic carbon. However, there is little consensus as to the main drivers of spring bloom formation, exacerbated by a lack of in situ observations of the phytoplankton community composition and its evolution during this critical period. We investigated the dynamics of the phytoplankton community structure at two contrasting sites in the Iceland and Norwegian basins during the early stage (25 March–25 April) of the 2012 North Atlantic spring bloom. The plankton composition and characteristics of the initial stages of the bloom were markedly different between the two basins. The Iceland Basin (ICB) appeared well mixed down to >400 m, yet surface chlorophyll a (0.27–2.2 mg m−3) and primary production (0.06–0.66 mmol C m−3 d−1) were elevated in the upper 100 m. Although the Norwegian Basin (NWB) had a persistently shallower mixed layer (<100 m), chlorophyll a (0.58–0.93 mg m−3) and primary production (0.08–0.15 mmol C m−3 d−1) remained lower than in the ICB, with picoplankton (<2 μm) dominating chlorophyll a biomass. The ICB phytoplankton composition appeared primarily driven by the physicochemical environment, with periodic events of increased mixing restricting further increases in biomass. In contrast, the NWB phytoplankton community was potentially limited by physicochemical and/or biological factors such as grazing. Diatoms dominated the ICB, with the genus Chaetoceros (1–166 cells mL−1) being succeeded by Pseudo-nitzschia (0.2–210 cells mL−1). However, large diatoms (>10 μm) were virtually absent (<0.5 cells mL−1) from the NWB, with only small nano-sized (<5 μm) diatoms (i.e. Minidiscus spp.) present (101–600 cells mL−1). We suggest microzooplankton grazing, potentially coupled with the lack of a seed population of bloom-forming diatoms, was restricting diatom growth in the NWB, and that large diatoms may be absent in NWB spring blooms. Despite both phytoplankton communities being in the early stages of bloom formation, different physicochemical and biological factors controlled bloom formation at the two sites. If these differences in phytoplankton composition persist, the subsequent spring blooms are likely to be significantly different in terms of biogeochemistry and trophic interactions throughout the growth season, with important implications for carbon cycling and organic matter export.
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Daniels, C. J., A. J. Poulton, M. Esposito, M. L. Paulsen, R. Bellerby, M. St. John i A. P. Martin. "Phytoplankton dynamics in contrasting early stage North Atlantic spring blooms: composition, succession, and potential drivers". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, nr 1 (6.01.2015): 93–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-93-2015.
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Abstract. The spring bloom is a key annual event in the phenology of pelagic ecosystems, making a major contribution to the oceanic biological carbon pump through the production and export of organic carbon. However, there is little consensus as to the main drivers of spring bloom formation, exacerbated by a lack of in situ observations of the phytoplankton community composition and its evolution during this critical period. We investigated the dynamics of the phytoplankton community structure at two contrasting sites in the Iceland and Norwegian Basins during the early stage (25 March–25 April) of the 2012 North Atlantic spring bloom. The plankton composition and characteristics of the initial stages of the bloom were markedly different between the two basins. The Iceland Basin (ICB) appeared well mixed to > 400 m, yet surface chlorophyll a (0.27–2.2 mg m–3) and primary production (0.06–0.66 mmol C m–3 d–1) were elevated in the upper 100 m. Although the Norwegian Basin (NWB) had a persistently shallower mixed layer (< 100 m), chlorophyll a (0.58–0.93 mg m–3) and primary production (0.08–0.15 mmol C m–3 d–1) remained lower than in the ICB, with picoplankton (> 2 μm) dominating chlorophyll a biomass. The ICB phytoplankton composition appeared primarily driven by the physicochemical environment, with periodic events of increased mixing restricting further increases in biomass. In contrast, the NWB phytoplankton community was potentially limited by physicochemical and/or biological factors such as grazing. Diatoms dominated the ICB, with the genus Chaetoceros (1–166 cells mL–1) being succeeded by Pseudo-nitzschia (0.2–210 cells mL–1). However, large diatoms (> 10 μm) were virtually absent (< 0.5 cells mL–1) from the NWB, with only small nanno-sized (< 5 μm) diatoms present (101–600 cells mL–1). We suggest micro-zooplankton grazing, potentially coupled with the lack of a seed population of bloom forming diatoms, was restricting diatom growth in the NWB, and that large diatoms may be absent in NWB spring blooms. Despite both phytoplankton communities being in the early stages of bloom formation, different physicochemical and biological factors controlled bloom formation at the two sites. If these differences in phytoplankton composition persist, the subsequent spring blooms are likely to be significantly different in terms of biogeochemistry and trophic interactions throughout the growth season, with important implications for carbon cycling and organic matter export.
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Gavahian, Mohsen, i Rachael Chu. "Ohmic Heating Extraction at Different Times, Temperatures, Voltages, and Frequencies: A New Energy-Saving Technique for Pineapple Core Valorization". Foods 11, nr 14 (7.07.2022): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142015.
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Pineapple core is considered a processing by-product. This study proposed and evaluated an ohmic heating extraction-based valorization platform to obtain value-added bioactive compounds from pineapple core and studied the effects of four important processing parameters. In this sense, a Taguchi design (L16(4)4) was used to assess the effects of temperature (70, 80, 90, and 100 °C), time (15, 30, 45, and 60 min), voltage (110, 160, 210, and 260 V), and frequency (60, 340, 620, and 900 Hz) on heating rate, come-up time, energy consumption, system performance efficiency, total phenolic compounds (TPC), DPPH, and ABTS. Finally, a side-by-side comparison of optimized ohmic heating (OOH) and conventional extraction was performed, and chemical composition was compared by ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detection-mass (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-MS). According to the results, increasing temperatures enhanced system performance efficiency but negatively affected TPC and antioxidant values above 90 ℃. Similarly, prolonging the extraction (>30 min) decreased TPC. Further, increasing voltage (from 110 to 260 V) shortened the come-up time (from 35.75 to 5.16 min) and increased the heating rate (from 2.71 to 18.80 °C/min−1). The optimal conditions were 30 min of extraction at 80 °C, 160 V, and 900 Hz. Verification of the optimal conditions revealed that OOH yielded an extract with valuable bioactive compounds and saved 50% of the time and 80% of energy compared to the conventional treatment. The UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-MS showed that there were similarities between the chemical profiles of the extracts obtained by conventional and OOH methods, while the concentration of major compounds varied depending on the extraction method. This information can help achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by maximizing the yield and minimizing energy and time consumption.
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Nishiuchi, Koh, Chiyuki Sassa, Satoshi Kitajima, Yoko Kiyomoto, Toru Hasegawa, Haruya Yamada, Takeshi Taneda, Takeshi Sakai, Motomitsu Takahashi i Yohichi Tsukamoto. "Seasonal and day–night changes in the vertical distribution of Gnathophausia longispina and G. elegans (Peracarida, Lophogastrida) in the East China Sea". Journal of Plankton Research 43, nr 3 (maj 2021): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbab036.
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Abstract Seasonal and day–night changes in the vertical distribution and habitat of mesopelagic crustaceans, Gnathophausia longispina and G. elegans were investigated in the East China Sea during four oceanographic cruises carried out between May 2012 and January 2013. The abundance of G. elegans was approximately one-tenth that of G. longispina, although both species appeared throughout the year. The main distribution range of G. longispina was 100–600 m, and G. elegans was 600–700 m. Only G. longispina showed ontogenetic differences in diel vertical migration (ODVM); most individuals inhabited depths of 500–600 m during the day and 100–400 m at night when younger individuals inhabited shallower layers than mature individuals. Overall, both species showed a small overlap in their vertical distribution at around 600-m depth. Vertical segregation of habitat could have facilitated the sympatric biogeographic distribution of these two congeneric species around the West/Central Pacific Ocean.
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Fitria, Dwi Lailatul, Nur Risca Azizah, Rizka Khawari, Faris Mohammad Hadi i Septa Indra Puspikawati. "Overview X Swimming Pool Sanitation In Banyuwangi". JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 11, nr 2 (8.04.2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i2.2019.108-115.
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Pool sanitation needs to be monitored and monitored against the physical environment that affects human health in order to prevent the occurrence of transmission and source of disease in the pool. The swimming pool business standard is set in the Minister of Tourism of Republic of Indonesia Regulation No. 16 of 2015. Based on SWOT analysis conducted by the researchers, the position of swimming pool X in Banyuwangi is in quadrant IV. The purpose of this research is to know the description of sanitation of swimming pool X in Banyuwangi. This research uses observational method which analyzed with descriptive. The time of the research on June 3, 2016 took place in the swimming pool X Banyuwangi. Observations were performed using a research instrument. The research instrument contains 5 variables ie place, building, swimming pool, supporting facilities and infrastructure facilities. Intrumen is prepared based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 61 of 1991 that has been processed. The results showed the total value of place variables (3.45), building variables (3.6), pool variables (6.6), supporting facilities (6.0), and infrastructure (2.2) swimming pool X in Banyuwangi is in good condition with value 82,7% (21,85). Suggestions for pool manager X in Banyuwangi to separate chemical warehouse with First Aid Equipment (P3K) equipment and hygiene kits such as broom, waste shovel, sprinkler of swimming pool filtration, vacuum equipment and others.
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Jaimes S., Yeirme Yaneth, i Jairo Rojas M. "Enfermedades foliares del caucho (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) establecido en un campo clonal ubicado en el Magdalena Medio Santandereano (Colombia)." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 12, nr 1 (29.12.2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol12_num1_art:216.
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<p>Las enfermedades foliares fúngicas son consideradas las principales causas del declive de la producción del caucho natural en los países productores. Dada su importancia, en el presente estudio se evaluó su incidencia y severidad en los clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, RRIC 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 establecidos en campo clonal en la región del magdalena medio santandereano. En cinco muestreos realizados entre agosto de 2009 y marzo de 2010, se determinó la incidencia y severidad de patógenos foliares en hojas en estado B y D, respectivamente. en el tejido foliar de los clones evaluados se encontró la incidencia de hongos de los géneros Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei y royas. Las enfermedades causadas por los potenciales patógenos se presentaron con mayor severidad en los clones RRIm 703 y FX 3864 en un 51% y 64%, respectivamente. En contraste, las enfermedades se presentaron con menor severidad en los clones IAN 710, PB 314 y RRIC 110 con valores entre el 3% y el 7%. Dentro de los hongos incidentes, se encontraron varios patógenos potenciales del cultivo, requiriéndose profundizar en el conocimiento del ataque e interacciones con el hospedero y las condiciones climáticas de la región. Además, se debe correlacionar su incidencia y severidad con datos de temperatura y humedad en intervalos de tiempo cortos. esto permitirá estimar las condiciones climáticas y los tiempos que favorecen los procesos de infección y desarrollo de las enfermedades foliares en cultivos de caucho de la región.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Foliar diseases of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) planted on a clonal garden at the Middle Magdalena region of the Department of Santander (Colombia).</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Fungal foliar diseases are considered the major cause of yield decline in rubber tree producing countries. Thus, this study assessed incidence and severity in the Clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, rich man 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 established in a clonal garden in the middle magdalena region of the Department of santander (Colombia). Five surveys conducted between August 2009 and march 2010, determined the fungal pathogen incidence and severity on leaves at stage B and D, respectively. Foliar tissue of assessed clones showed incidence of Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei genera and rusts. Diseases caused by these potential pathogens occurred severely in the RRIM 703 and FX 3864 clones with 51% and 64% respectively. In contrast, diseases were less severe in IAN 710, PB 314 and RRIC 110 clones with values between 3% and 7%. Within the results observed, several potential crop fungi pathogens were found, which require a deeper understanding of their attack and interactions with the host and regional climatic conditions. Furthermore, the correlation of incidence and severity with temperature and humidity data at short time intervals should be determined. This will allow the prediction of the weather conditions and periods that bring on the infection process and the development of fungal diseases on rubber crops in the region.</p>
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Massola, Mateus P., Vandoir Holtz, Marcos P. de O. Martins, Anderson da S. Umbelino i Elton F. dos Reis. "Spray volume distribution pattern and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, nr 11 (listopad 2018): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n11p804-809.
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ABSTRACT Droplet size spectrum and uniformity of spray volume distribution are important parameters for selecting spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average spray volume distribution and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles. The spray volume distribution pattern was evaluated on a test table for hydraulic spray nozzles using spray heights of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 m, and working pressures of 500, 600, and 700 kPa. Computer simulations were used to analyze the spray volume distribution using arrangements of bar heights, working pressures, and spacing between spray nozzles in a bar of 12 m. The droplet size spectrum from the spray nozzles was evaluated using a randomized complete experimental design in a 2 × 3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two types of nozzles (ATR-1.0, and TVI-800075) and three working pressures (500, 600, and 700 kPa), with four replications. The uniformity of spray volume distribution was improved when using ATR-1.0 spray nozzles spaced 0.4 or 0.6 m apart, regardless of the working pressure. Regarding the droplet size spectrum, the volume median diameter decreased with increasing the working pressure for both types of nozzles, reaching 210 μm (ATR-1.0) and 483 μm (TVI-800075). Contrastingly, the percentage of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm increased with increasing working pressure; the target coverage presented the same trend, with 8.4% of coverage when using ATR nozzles with working pressure of 700 kPa.
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Абдуллаева, И. Г., М. Д. Денисов, Е. В. Жукова, Д. А. Шамсутдинова, М. Н. Курчатова, Н. А. Дурнова i М. А. Березуцкий. "Влияние масла базилика душистого (Ocimum basilicum l.) на продолжительность жизни Drosophila melanogaster". ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 92, nr 13 (2022): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-12-2022-622.
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Сообщается о влиянии масла базилика душистого (Ocimum basilicum L.) на продолжительность жизни Drosophila melanogaster. Масло добавляли в агаро-дрожжевую питательную среду в концентрациях 0,001 г/100 мл и 0,002 г/100 мл на протяжении всей жизни особей. Контрольная группа получала агаро-дрожжевую питательную среду без добавок. Было отобрано по 10 особей D. melanogaster на каждую группу. Средняя продолжительность жизни при I пробе: у 1 группы, получавших масло базилики в концентрации 0,001 г/100 мл, составила 41,4±2,8 у 2 группы с концентрацией 0,002 г/100 мл СПЖ составила 47,2±2,0 (что на 9,0% и 18,0% больше по сравнению с контролем соответственно). При II пробе: у 1 группы, получавших масло базилики в концентрации 0,001 г/100 мл, СПЖ составила 41,9±3,0, а в концентрации 0,002 г/100 мл СПЖ 2 группы составила 48,4±3,5 (на 9,3% и 21,2% больше контроля.)
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Woodward, James. "The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology edited by Bonnie J.Miller-McLemore (ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, 2012 (ISBN: 978-1-444-330-823), xiv + 626 pp., hb £110". Reviews in Religion & Theology 22, nr 2 (marzec 2015): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rirt.12497.
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Sato, Y., A. Miura, H. Fushiki i T. Kawasaki. "Barbiturate depresses simple spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells after climbing fiber input". Journal of Neurophysiology 69, nr 4 (1.04.1993): 1082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1082.
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1. Some scientists reported that the simple spike (SS) activity was transiently depressed after climbing fiber input, but others reported that predominant population of Purkinje cells increased their SS activity after the complex spike (CS). In the present study, SS activity after spontaneous CS was compared before and after the administration of pentobarbital sodium and of ketamine in high decerebrate cats. 2. Frequencies of spontaneous CS and SS firing were reduced (P < 0.001, t test) after pentobarbital administration of a total dose of 20-30 mg/kg. 3. In the peri-CS time histogram, the SS activity during a post-CS period of 10-110 ms with respect to that during a pre-CS period of -100-0 ms was reduced (P < 0.001) after the pentobarbital administration from, on average, 132.4 to 81.9%. In contrast, the SS activity during a post-CS period of 110-210 ms remained unchanged (P > 0.2). 4. In the pre-CS time histogram constructed after the pentobarbital administration, there were no significant differences (P > 0.01) between the SS activity during a pre-CS period of -600 to -500 ms and that during each of other pre-CS periods, suggesting that the barbiturate had little effect on the SS activity preceding the CS. 5. Analysis of raster diagrams revealed the variability of individual SS activity after the CS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Fernández, Eduardo J., Peter G. Jones, Antonio Laguna, José M. López-de-Luzuriaga, Miguel Monge, Manuel Montiel, M. Elena Olmos i Javier Pérez. "Luminescent Gold(I)-Thallium(I) Arrays through N-Bidentate Building Blocks". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, nr 11-12 (1.12.2004): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-11-1203.
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Heteropolynuclear gold(I)-thallium(I) complexes of the type [TlLn][Au(C6F5)2] (L = py (2), 2,2’- bipy (3), 1,10-phen (4) or 4,4’-bipy and THF (5); n = 1, 2) have been obtained from reactions of the corresponding N-donor ligands with the precursor {Tl[Au(C6F5)2]}n (1). The crystal structures of complexes 3 - 5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction showing one- (3, 4) or three-dimensional (5) arrays. All complexes are photoluminescent in the solid state at RT and at 77 K. The strong visible emissions of complexes 2 - 5 are displayed over a wide range of wavelengths (460 - 620 nm) depending on the environment of the thallium(I) centres and on the nature of the N-donor ligand.
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Bushinsky, David A., Paolo Raggi, Jordi Bover, Markus Ketteler, Antonio Bellasi, Mariano Rodriguez, Smeeta Sinha i in. "Effects of Myo-inositol Hexaphosphate (SNF472) on Bone Mineral Density in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16, nr 5 (7.04.2021): 736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.16931020.
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Background and objectivesIn the CaLIPSO study, intravenous administration of SNF472 (300 or 600 mg) during hemodialysis significantly attenuated progression of coronary artery and aortic valve calcification. SNF472 selectively inhibits formation of hydroxyapatite, the final step in cardiovascular calcification. Because bone mineral is predominantly hydroxyapatite, we assessed changes in bone mineral density in CaLIPSO.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsPatients with coronary artery calcification at screening (Agatston score of 100–3500 U) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive placebo, 300 mg SNF472, or 600 mg SNF472 as an intravenous infusion during hemodialysis three times weekly for 52 weeks. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were obtained at baseline (screening) and end of treatment, and between-group changes from baseline were compared using analysis of covariance.ResultsAmong 274 randomized patients, 202 had evaluable DXA scans at baseline and postrandomization (the DXA-modified intention-to-treat population). Mean (95% confidence interval) changes in total-hip bone mineral density from baseline to week 52 were −1.5% (−2.7% to −0.3%), −1.5% (−2.7% to −0.4%), and −2.5% (−3.8% to −1.2%) in the placebo, 300 mg SNF472, and 600 mg SNF472 groups, respectively. Mean (95% confidence interval) changes in femoral-neck bone mineral density from baseline to week 52 were −0.3% (−1.6% to 1.0%), −1.0% (−2.3% to 0.2%), and −2.6% (−4.0% to −1.3%), respectively. Regression analyses showed no correlation between change in coronary artery calcium volume and change in bone mineral density at either location. Changes in serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone levels were similar across treatment groups. Clinical fracture events were reported for four of 90, three of 92, and six of 91 patients in the placebo, 300 mg SNF472, and 600 mg SNF472 groups, respectively.ConclusionsBone mineral density decreased modestly in all groups over 1 year. In the 600 mg SNF472 group, the reduction appeared more pronounced. Reported fractures were infrequent in all groups.Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:Effect of SNF472 on Progression of Cardiovascular Calcification in End-Stage-Renal-Disease (ESRD) Patients on Hemodialysis (HD), NCT02966028
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Margolin, B. Z., A. A. Sorokin i L. A. Belyaeva. "Simulation of stainless ferritic-martensitic and austenitic steel hardening after irradiation in ion accelerator. Part 1. Development of a methodology for determining the ion mode irradiation of ferritic-martensitic steels". Voprosy Materialovedeniya, nr 2(118) (23.10.2024): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2024-118-2-187-211.
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A methodology for determining the irradiation mode for ferritic-martensitic steels at ion accelerator has been developed and experimentally substantiated, providing radiation hardening of these steels, identical to that realized under neutron irradiation. The change in Vickers microhardness is used as a measure of radiation hardening. A study was carried out of radiation-induced changes in the microhardness of ferritic-martensitic steels 07Kh12NMFB and EP-823 after neutron and ion irradiation to damaging doses of 10–30 dpa in the temperature range 350–600°C. These materials were irradiated with neutrons in the reactors BOR-60, BN-600 and in the ion accelerator of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation – Institute for Physics and Power Engineering named after A.I. Leypunsky (IPPE) with Fe3+, Fe4+ ions and He+ ions to concentrations of 0.2 and 4 appm/dpa. A transition function has been established that connects the irradiation temperatures for neutron and ion irradiation at a given damaging dose, ensuring the same radiation hardening.