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Kouketsu, Fernanda, Daniel Pacholok, Tiago Cousseau i Carlos Henrique da Silva. "Abrasive wear resistance of idler roll polymeric materials". Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 10, nr 3 (26.08.2022): 034002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac89a2.
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Abstract Idler rolls are an integral part of belt conveyors. Recently, steel idler rolls have been replaced with polymeric ones in low to middle load applications, bringing several advantages due to the polymer’s lightweight and low abrasiveness in the conveyor belt. However, using polymeric material for high load application brings challenges, particularly presenting similar structural and abrasion resistance to steel. This work puts forwards a methodology using a rubber-wheel tribometer to evaluate the abrasion resistance of polymeric idler rolls in their most severe operating condition (halted idler roll) and defines a threshold limit based on the results obtained with steel idler rolls. The methodology was applied to 07 different polymeric materials. To further understand materials abrasions resistance, scratching tests were performed, and the main wear mechanisms, verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and abrasion factor (FAB), were discussed along with the material properties. The main conclusions are: i) some polymeric materials present abrasion resistance similar to steel rolls; ii) the wear micromechanisms, verified by SEM and FAB, are good indicators of abrasion resistance of the materials but insufficient because they do not include temperature and fatigue effects resulting from multi abrasive events; iii) the additive fillers significantly altered the abrasive resistance of materials, although they do not change the material properties significantly.
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Twomey, Dara M., Lauren A. Petrass i Paul R. Fleming. "Abrasion injuries on artificial turf: A real risk or not?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 26, nr 3 (29.09.2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2014/v26i3a105.
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Abrasion injuries result in damage only to the surface layer of skin and can result in player discomfort and changes in performance. The perceived fear of abrasion injuries on artificial turf playing surfaces has significantly affected the adoption of these surfaces, particularly in sports that involve frequent player-surface interactions. The underreporting of abrasion injuries due to how time-loss injuries are defined and the lack of validity of the current abrasion measurement device highlight the need for more research to understand fully the incidence and nature of abrasions on artificial turf playing surfaces and the effect of these injuries on playing behaviour. Improved reporting of abrasion injuries and a more biofidelic test device could assist in both the development of abrasion-related injury prevention strategies and in dispelling players’ negative perceptions of abrasions on artificial turf.
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Usman, Ediar. "THE INCLINATION OF COASTLINE CHANGES AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR LANDUSE MANAGEMENT OF KARAWANG DISTRICT, WEST JAWA PROVINCE". BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 24, nr 1 (15.02.2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.24.1.2009.11.
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Result of observation at 11 locations and the coastline analysis at year map 1990 published by Bakosurtanal and year map 2005 published by Bappeda of Karawang District shows that the existence of changes of the coastline is caused by abrasion and accretion process. The coastal abrasions are occurred in Muarabaru, South Pusakajaya, Cemarajaya and Tanjungpakis areas. The coastal accretions are occurred in Ciparage - Sukajaya, Mekarpohaci, Cemarajaya - South Pusakajaya, East and West Tanjungpakis areas. During the periods of 15 years the abrasions are occurred with the width of 813,171 ha (8,13171 km2) and the coastal long of 30,637 km, and accretions with the width of 1346,22 ha (13,4622 km2) and the coastal long of 43,313 km. Every year the width of abrasion is about 54,21 ha or about 0,5421 km2/year and the width of accretion is about 89,748 ha/year or 0,8975 km2/year. The growth of coastal area about 89,748 ha/year or 0,8975 km2/year. If the coastal management is conducted at the abrasion coasts, the coastal damage can be decreased, and the coastal growth for the productive landuse can be increased.
Keywords: coastline changes, abrasion, accretion, landuse development.
Hasil pengamatan pada 11 lokasi dan analisis garis pantai pada peta tahun 1990 yang dipublikasikan oleh Bakosurtanal dan peta tahun 2005 yang dipublikasikan oleh Bappeda Kabupaten Karawang menunjukkan adanya perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan oleh proses abrasi dan akresi. Pantai abrasi terjadi di daerah Muarabaru, Pusakajaya Selatan, Cemarajaya, Sedari dan Tanjungpakis. Pantai akresi terjadi di daerah Ciparage - Sukajaya, Mekarpohaci, Cemarajaya - Pusakajaya Selatan dan Tanjungpakis Timur & Barat Selama kurun 15 tahun telah terjadi abrasi seluas 813,171 ha (8,13171 km2) dengan panjang pantai 30,637 km, dan akresi seluas 1346,22 ha (13,4622 km2) dengan panjang pantai 43,313 km. Setiap tahun terjadi abrasi seluas 54,21 ha atau sekitar 0,5421 km2/tahun dan akresi seluas 89,748 ha/tahun atau sekitar 0,8975 km2/tahun. Pertumbuhan kawasan pantai masih lebih besar, yaitu sekitar 89,748 ha/tahun atau sekitar 0,8975 km2/tahun. Bila pengelolaan dilakukan pada pantai-pantai abrasi, maka kerusakan pantai dapat dikurangi dan pertumbuhan pantai untuk lahan produktif masih dapat ditingkatkan.
Kata kunci: perubahan garis pantai, abrasi, akresi, pengembangan tataguna lahan.
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Wang, Huai Zhi, Zhi Ping Wang, Yang Lu, Ya Fei Li i Guo Qing Tian. "Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Plasma and Laser Coatings of Aluminium Bronze Powder". Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (październik 2010): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.621.
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Cu-14Al-X alloys was made into powder and then the powder was coated onto the surface of AISI 1045 steel respectively via plasma spraying and laser cladding technologies. Microstructure and phases of the coating were investigated by EPMA, XRD, SEM et al. Friction and wear properties of the two coatings were tested by RFT- friction and wear testing machine. The results indicates that the two coatings all consists of β′, α, K and γ2 phases and the structure of laser cladding is more evenly distributed. Under the condition of boundary lubrication, abrasion mechanism of laser coating remains abrasive grain abrasion. There is also adhesion abrasion under the condition of high load. While abrasion mechanism of plasma coating is slight abrasive grain abrasion and adhesion abrasion under low load. With the load increasing, adhesion abrasion intensifies. In a word, microstructure of laser coating is more even and compact.
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ZDRAVECKÁ, E., J. TKÁČOVÁ i M. ONDÁČ. "Effect of microstructure factors on abrasion resistance of high-strength steels". Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 3 (12.09.2014): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2013-rae.
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Current development of high strength abrasion resistant steels is mostly oriented on high hardness, martensitic concept following the hypothesis that the abrasion resistance holds a proportional tendency with hardness. The various experimental observations have suggested that the high hardness of martenzite does not guarantee a high abrasion resistance because the brittle nature of martensite can lead to decrease their abrasive wear. The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of microstructure on abrasion resistance of selected high-strength low-alloyed steels used in the industry. The abrasive wear resistance of selected steels was obtained using an ASTM-G65 three-body abrasive wear test, microstructure and wear resistance determination. It was observed that grain refinement is an effective way of enhancing the abrasion resistance. In this context, micro alloyed steels offer an attractive combination of price and performance.
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Strzałkowski, Paweł, Urszula Kaźmierczak i Michał Wolny. "Assessment of the method for abrasion resistance determination of sandstones on Böhme abrasion test apparatus". Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79, nr 9 (9.06.2020): 4947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01868-x.
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Abstract The article analyses the method of testing the abrasion resistance of sandstones on Böhme abrasion test apparatus and describes the problems related to the implementation of this test, as well as the interpretation of the results. The tests were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the EN14157 standard on 14 samples of dry and water-saturated sandstones. The analysis of the results showed that the correlation coefficient for the results obtained in the case of dry samples tests in relation to water saturation was 0.944. It was also observed that the loss of volume during the abrasion process in the individual stages of the test is smaller with the increase of rotation on the disc. In the case of dry samples abrasion, the reason for this is the mixing of abrasive grain and worn stone. In the case of samples tested under conditions of water saturation, the sample is covered with the abrasive grain, which in further phases is liquefied and mixed with the worn stone mass. In this case, however, the abrasion is worse in comparison with the samples tested in the dry condition, because the liquid and mixed abrasive grain with the worn rock mass causes the sample to slide, which in turn results in the abrasion volume loss. The control of the abrasion resistance results obtained from the stone abrasion according to the EN14157 standard should be a comparison with the abrasion resistance results obtained in the process of calculating the abrasion volume loss of sample determined from height.
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Xiao, G. J., Y. Huang, R. K. Cheng i Y. Lu. "Experimental Research on the Mathematical Model of Abrasion Ratio Based on the Abrasive Belt Grinding". Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (czerwiec 2013): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.480.
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Abrasion ratio is an important parameter to estimate the wear resistance of abrasive belt grinding, reacting the relationship between the material removal and the abrasive belt wear, and also, its value is an important basis to instruct the process of abrasive belt grinding. The mathematical model of material removal is obtained by analyzing the basic mechanism theory of centerless cylindrical grinding in this paper, and the impact curve which react the relationship between the abrasion ration and the material removal or cutting depth is obtained by using the software of Mathematica. The abrasion ratio is testified in this paper by the experiment test of abrasive belt grinding for the titanium alloy, 45# steel and 304# stainless steel, systematic analyzing the affection of abrasion ratio on the hardness ratio and the belt speed. Experimental result shows that: belt speed is superior than hardness ratio to the abrasion ratio, and the mathematical model of material removal is testified by this experimental research. So the mathematical model of material removal could be used with theoretical basis in belt grinding process.
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Suherna, Suherna, Patunru P i Maspah Maspah. "ANALISIS KETAHANAN ABRASI MATERIAL OUTSOLE POLYURETHANE (PU) & NITRILE BUTADINE RUBBER (NBR) PADA SAFETY SHOES CHEETAH DI PT. X". SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.13.1.26-31.
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Improved quality, strength and life time in terms of abrasion resistance on safety shoes outsole Cheetah material where the process use of some material has decreased in quality, besides due to usage factors, maintenance factors, and some of these materials also experience problems during use. This study is done to determine the abrasion resistance of each Outsole Polyurethane (PU) material and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR). Abrasion resistance test on the material method used the DIN Abrasion tester. Retrieval of data on outsole material was carried out on the outsole material with new conditions and that has been used in the field for a period of 1 year with a method of measuring abrasion resistance index and density of material. Calculation of average abrasion resistance for new Polyurethane (PU) type was 37 , 11 mm3 / year, while the average abrasion resistance for Polyurethane (PU) type that has been used for 1 year was 33.19 mm3 / year so that the difference is 3.92 mm3 / year or about 11% quality decrease of abrasion resistance. The average abrasion resistance with the new Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) type was 108.26 mm3 / year, the average abrasion resistance for Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) type with conditions already used in 1 year period was 107.44 mm3 / year so that the difference is 0.82 mm3 / year or about 1% decrease in quality decrease of abrasion resistance. Abrasion tolerance limits that have been set according to the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) against abrasion resistance if SG ≥ 0.9 then the Abrasive Max is 150 and if SG ≤ 0.9 Then the Abrasive Max is 250.
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Zverev, Anton A., Aleksandr T. Bekker, Tatiana E. Uvarova i Tamara D. Belyaeva. "THE METHOD OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ICE ABRASIVE EFFECTS ON BERTHING FACILITIES". International Journal of Advanced Studies 11, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2021-11-2-36-51.
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The ice cover has a significant abrasive effect on the surface of marine engineering structures. In areas with high dynamics of ice cover drift, one of the most important problems of providing load-bearing capacity of structural elements is to determine the intensity of their wear from abrasion by drifting ice.
The magnitude of ice abrasion depends on many factors, the main of which are: contact pressure, abrasion path length and material resistance to ice abrasion.
The length of the abrasion path and the magnitude of the contact pressure are determined by the processes of drift of ice formations and their interaction with the structure. To assess them, it is necessary to have a mathematical model for calculating the ice load. At the same time, experimental studies of various materials for resistance to ice abrasion make it possible to establish an empirical dependence of the intensity of ice abrasion. The combined use of a theoretical model of interaction and an empirical model of material destruction makes it possible to create a method for calculating the depth of ice abrasion.
The article discusses the method of mathematical modeling of ice abrasive effects on berthing facilities.
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Takino, H., N. Isobe, H. Tobori i S. Kohjiya. "Effect of Cohesion Loss Factor on Wet Skid Resistance of Tread Rubber". Tire Science and Technology 26, nr 4 (1.10.1998): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135972.
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Abstract The effect of cohesion loss factor on wet skid resistance has not been studied systematically using three major factors, i.e., adhesion, hysteresis, and cohesion. Two different abrasions, PICO and BPST, as the cohesion loss factor were investigated for different polymers, carbon black grades, and carbon black/oil loadings. These two abrasion mechanisms are quite different, and BPST abrasion was concluded to be more suitable as a cohesion loss factor for the BPST (wsn) and tire wet μa. From the difference between PICO and BPST abrasions, superior material factors were analyzed from the viewpoint of the compatibility of both abrasion life and wet skid resistance of tire.
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Maia, Maria Mariana Martins, Bianca Fernandes Silva, Bruno Vidal Andrade, Taniele Andrade Teixeira da Hora i Ana Flávia Soares. "Uma Revisão Crítica da Abrasividade em Cremes Dentais Convencionais e Clareadores / A Critical Review of Abrasiveness in Conventional Toothpastes and Whitening". ID on line. Revista de psicologia 16, nr 61 (31.07.2022): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v16i61.3484.
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Resumo: A presença de agentes abrasivos nos dentifrícios se torna necessária para promover uma limpeza eficaz da superfície dentária. Essa revisão de literatura visa comparar o grau de abrasividade entre dentifrícios convencionais e clareadores, verificando correlação entre a quantidade e o tipo de abrasivo. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos publicados nos últimos sete anos (2016-2022), por meio de busca nas bases de dados: PubMED (National Library of Medicine) e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde). Após a exclusão, foram encontrados 10 artigos, os quais focavam na abrasividade dos dentifrícios. A partir desses artigos, pode-se notar que o tipo, concentração e dureza influenciam diretamente no grau de desgaste, assim como o flúor tem um papel fundamental para minimizar o desgaste. Com isso, pode-se concluir que, de modo geral, os dentifrícios clareadores são mais abrasivos que os convencionais.Palavras-chave: Dentifrícios; Abrasão Dentária; Clareamento Dental. Abstract:The presence of abrasive agents in dentifrices is necessary to promote effective cleaning of the tooth surface. This literature review aims to compare the degree of abrasiveness between conventional and whitening toothpastes, verifying a correlation between the amount and type of abrasive. A literature review of studies published in the last seven years (2016-2022) was carried out through a search in the following databases: PubMED (National Library of Medicine) and VHL (Virtual Health Library). After exclusion, 10 articles were found, which focused on the abrasiveness of toothpastes. From these articles, it can be noted that the type, concentration and hardness directly influence the degree of wear, just as fluorine plays a key role in minimizing wear. With this, it can be concluded that, in general, whitening dentifrices are more abrasive than conventional ones.Keywords: Toothpaste; Dental Abrasion; Tooth whitening.
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Rathod, Avishkar, Sanjay G. Sapate i Rajesh K. Khatirkar. "Scaling Laws of Wear by Slurry Abrasion of Mild Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (listopad 2013): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.126.
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Wear by slurry abrasion is very expansive problem that must be taken into consideration while selecting the material for the transportation of slurry through pipeline. Abrasive wear generally occurs when abrasive slurries come in contact with the industrial engineering components or slurry transporting pipes. The abrasive particles carried by slurries eventually remove the material from the encountering surfaces which results in the early failure of the component in service. In present investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of load, slurry concentration, sliding distance on the abrasive wear behaviour of mild steel. The slurry abrasion experiments were carried out using slurry abrasion test apparatus with silica sand slurry. The findings of the present investigation indicate that slurry abrasion volume increased with slurry concentration, load and sliding distance, although the magnitude of increase was different in each case. The SEM observation of worn out surfaces revealed micro ploughing and micro cutting as wear mechanisms.
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Jerkovic, Ivona, Josep Maria Pallarés, Monica Ardanuy i Xavier Capdevila. "Abrasive Elements and Abrasion Resistance Tests for Car Seat Upholstery". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800304.
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The weight of textile components in automobiles is expected to rise to 35 kg by 2020, and the average lifetime of a vehicle is about 12 years. Car seats are the most important part of the interior decoration, and polyester is the most widely used material in car seat covering. Abrasion resistance tests are used to quantify the duration of car seat upholstery in normal usage, and this is one of the most important requirements. Several testing methods, standards, and car producer specifications have been developed to define the abrasion resistance of specified materials, and pre-tests have been taken to identify parameters for this research. The objective of this study was to compare three abrasion tests with different abrasive elements using car seat upholstery structures. Comparison among abrasion testers and abrasive papers shows statistically significant differences. The relationship between weight loss and abrasion cycles can be modelled by regression equations.
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Kawalec, M., i E. Olejnik. "Abrasive Wear Resistance of Cast Iron with Precipitates of Spheroidal VC Carbides". Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, nr 2 (1.04.2012): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0065-2.
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Abrasive Wear Resistance of Cast Iron with Precipitates of Spheroidal VC Carbides The paper presents the results of abrasive wear resistance tests carried out on high-vanadium cast iron with spheroidal VC carbides. The cast iron of eutectic composition was subjected to spheroidising treatment using magnesium master alloy. The tribological properties were examined for the base cast iron (W), for the cast iron subjected to spheroidising treatment (S) and for the abrasion-resistant steel (SH). Studies have shown that high-vanadium cast iron with both eutectic carbides and spheroidal carbides has the abrasion resistance twice as high as the abrasion-resistant cast steel. The spheroidisation of VC carbides did not change the abrasion resistance compared to the base high-vanadium grade.
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Pikna, Ondřej, Martin Ťažký i Rudolf Hela. "New Possibilities of Determining the Resistance of Cement Composite to Abrasion by Fast Flowing Water". Solid State Phenomena 325 (11.10.2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.325.34.
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The current view on the determination of the abrasion resistance of a cement composite is mainly focused on the resistance of the composite to the effects of mechanical abrasion. However, many concrete structures are exposed to the abrasive effects of flowing liquids. One of the test procedures simulating this principle of abrasion is based on the creation of a very fast flow of liquids, often including abrasive media. Based on worldwide published research on the given topic, the use of the action of ultrasonic waves in a liquid, leading to the simulation of the cavitation stress of a composite, which is a very dangerous phenomenon, is considered a suitable method for creating the mentioned abrasion effects. The following article discusses new possibilities for simulating and evaluating the abrasive effects of cavitation on cement composites using the action of ultrasonic waves in a liquid. These effects will be monitored on cement pastes, which will be modified with several types of commonly used admixtures. Furthermore, the connection between the effects of the mentioned abrasive action and several physical-mechanical parameters will be monitored.
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Carniciu, AL, MJ Fazzari, P. Tabibian, P. Batta, RC Gentile, JH Grendell, CE Brathwaite i N. Barzideh. "Corneal Abrasion following Anaesthesia for Non-ocular Surgical Procedures: A Case-controlled Study". Journal of Perioperative Practice 27, nr 11 (listopad 2017): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891702701102.
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The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with perioperative corneal abrasion at a single hospital in Mineola, New York (United States). A chart review was conducted of patients with perioperative corneal abrasion following non-ocular surgery and age-matched controls between June 2011 and November 2013. An age-stratified logistic regression model evaluated the association between corneal abrasion and potentially predisposing variables. The adjusted odds of a corneal abrasion occurring were 4.6 times greater for patients having surgery for ≥ 3 hours (p=0.001) and 3.6 times greater for patients with pre-existing ocular disease (p=0.02). Gender, diabetes status, surgical procedure or position were not found to be associated with the occurrence of a corneal abrasion. Corneal abrasions were associated with longer procedures and history of pre-existing ocular disease. No significant association between body positioning or surgical site and perioperative corneal abrasion was found. The study concludes that a longer duration of surgical procedure and pre-existing ocular disease are risk factors for perioperative corneal abrasion.
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Farfan Cabrera, Leonardo Israel, Ezequiel Alberto Gallardo Hernandez i Cesar David Resendiz Calderon. "Abrasive wear study of an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) rotary seal in dry and muddy contact using a micro-abrasion tester". Superficies y Vacío 30, nr 1 (15.03.2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47566/2017_syv30_1-010001.
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Rotary dynamic seals are widely used in machinery in order to retain fluids and to exclude external contaminants by allowing the free shaft movement. One of the most recurrent failure of seals is caused by abrasive wear under prolonged sliding contact. It is mainly produced either by partial dry running (two-body abrasion) and/or by interacting with abrasive hard fine particles, which are immersed in the fluids generating three-body abrasive wear. This work aims to study both types of abrasion using a micro-scale abrasion tester. For this, small samples were extracted from an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) lip of an actual dynamic seal. The testing was conducted in dry contact to generate two-body abrasive wear, as well as in a wet/muddy environment in order to reproduce three-body abrasion. The load was selected in order to approach the actual mean contact pressure of seals against rotary shafts. Hence, a stress relaxation test of the NBR samples was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic behavior. The wear scar morphologies and wear progression were analyzed in detail by optical microscopy, SEM analysis and optical profilometry. Finally, the experimental test was suitable to reproduce two-body and three-body abrasion on the samples since the particular wear patterns on small wear scars were obtained by short experiments.
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Mohan, Mohan, Muhammad Jailani i Mirnasari Amirsyah. "Comparison Of Effectiveness Of Silver Sulfadiazine And Gentamicin On Abrasion Wound Healing". Jurnal Rekonstruksi dan Estetik 4, nr 1 (8.01.2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jre.v4i1.24350.
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Abrasion is injury to skin due to trauma that affects the surface of the epidermis or superficial epithelium, especially from friction to the depth of the dermal papillae. The basic principle of abrasion treatment is to maintain moist condition in wound surface. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and gentamicin cream in the process of healing abrasions. A total of 30 samples of abrasion patients who came for treatment at the ED were sampled, and divided into 3 groups, namely wound care by providing SSD, gentamicin and tulle. The wound dimensions are assessed from the length and width measured at the 1st day, the 5th day, and the 10th day. At the 10th day assessment, SSD was found to be more effective in healing abrasions compared to other groups. The use of SSD in abrasion wound treatment is believed to have advantages in proliferation phase where SSD is a sulfonamide class antibiotic that produces synergic effects along with silver which constantly absorbs exudates and bacteria, combines chloride tissue and several other proteins in the process of wound healing.
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Rasool, Ghulam, Yousuf El Shafei i Margaret M. Stack. "Mapping Tribo-Corrosion Behaviour of TI-6AL-4V Eli in Laboratory Simulated Hip Joint Environments". Lubricants 8, nr 7 (30.06.2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8070069.
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Wear and corrosion in artificial hip replacements are known to result in metal ion release and wear debris induced osteolysis. This may lead to pain and sensitivity for patients. This infers that pre-clinical testing is critical in determining the long-term performance, safety, and reliability of the implant materials. For this purpose, micro-abrasion-corrosion tests were carried out on a biocompatible material, Ti-6Al-4V ELI, using a T-66, Plint micro-abrasion test rig in conjunction with Gill Ac corrosion testing apparatus for the range of applied loads and electrical potentials in the hip joint simulated environment. A Ringer’s solution, with and without an abrasive particle (silicon carbide), was used to enable the interactions between abrasion and corrosion. In this paper, the effects of applied load and electrochemical potential on the tribo-corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V in a bio-simulated environment are presented. The wastage, micro-abrasion-corrosion mechanisms, and synergy behaviour were identified and mapped. A significant difference in corrosion current densities was observed in the presence of abrasive particles, suggesting the removal of the protective oxide layer. The results also indicate that Ti-6Al-4V had significant abrasive wear loss when coupled with a ceramic counterpart. According to the mechanism, micro-abrasion plays a predominant role in the abrasion-corrosion behaviour of this material and the material losses by mechanical processes are substantially larger than losses, due to electrochemical processes.
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Takino, H., H. Takahashi, K. Yamano i S. Kohjiya. "Effects of Carbon Black and Process Oil on Viscoelastic Properties and Tire Wet Skid Resistance". Tire Science and Technology 26, nr 4 (1.10.1998): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135971.
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Abstract Wet skid resistance for rubbers with a wide range of carbon black loadings and process oil loadings was investigated from the viewpoints of viscoelastic properties and abrasion properties. An analysis of wet skid resistance by the factors of Tα and BPST abrasion, which was effectively performed on a wide range of polymers in a previous report, gave a poor correlation this time. In the case of a wide range of carbon black loadings and oil loadings, the factors of tan δ and BPST abrasion had a good relationship with wet skid resistance. In this study, tan δ at 7°C was found to be a suitable factor corresponding to adhesion loss and hysteresis loss in rubber friction. By the evaluation of abrasions, BPST abrasion and PICO abrasion were estimated to be governed by different mechanisms.
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Tan, Melissa H. X., Robert G. Hill i Paul Anderson. "Comparing the Air Abrasion Cutting Efficacy of Dentine Using a Fluoride-Containing Bioactive Glass versus an Alumina Abrasive: AnIn VitroStudy". International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/521901.
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Air abrasion as a caries removal technique is less aggressive than conventional techniques and is compatible for use with adhesive restorative materials. Alumina, while being currently the most common abrasive used for cutting, has controversial health and safety issues and no remineralisation properties. The alternative, a bioactive glass, 45S5, has the advantage of promoting hard tissue remineralisation. However, 45S5 is slow as a cutting abrasive and lacks fluoride in its formulation. The aim of this study was to compare the cutting efficacy of dentine using a customised fluoride-containing bioactive glass Na0SR (38–80 μm) versus the conventional alumina abrasive (29 μm) in an air abrasion set-up. Fluoride was incorporated into Na0SR to enhance its remineralisation properties while strontium was included to increase its radiopacity. Powder outflow rate was recorded prior to the cutting tests. Principal air abrasion cutting tests were carried out on pristine ivory dentine. The abrasion depths were quantified and compared using X-ray microtomography. Na0SR was found to create deeper cavities than alumina (p<0.05) despite its lower powder outflow rate and predictably reduced hardness. The sharper edges of the Na0SR glass particles might improve the cutting efficiency. In conclusion, Na0SR was more efficacious than alumina for air abrasion cutting of dentine.
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Ramu, N., K. Umanath i Gandhi Mallela. "Influence of Particle Fracture on the Slurry Abrasion Behavior of Weld Deposited Martensitic Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (czerwiec 2015): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.687.
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The life of the components used under slurry abrasion conditions is governed by the process variables, properties of the abrasive materials in the slurry and the material properties. Slurry wear, abrasion occurs in Extruders, pumps and pipe transport slurry of minerals and ores in mineral processing industries. In the present research, the effect of operating variables such as abrasive particle size and shape, slurry concentration and normal load on the abrasive slurry wear behavior of the weld deposit martensitic steel surface produced by the Manual Metal Arc Welding Hard facing process was conceded out. The testing was conceded out using the slurry abrasion test rig. The silica sand particles were used as the abrasive medium. The qualitative nature of wear pattern and morphology of the worn out surface was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). These features were correlated with operating parameters.
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Saraswathi, Made Sukma, Putu Ratna Kusumadewi Giri i Luh Wayan Ayu Rahaswanti. "Hubungan faktor risiko usia, perilaku menyikat gigi, dan penggunaan tusuk gigi terhadap angka kejadian abrasi gigi di Banjar Dinas Tangkupanyar, Desa Tangkup Sidemen, Karangasem". Bali Dental Journal 4, nr 1 (7.03.2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/bdj.v4i1.251.
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Background: Dental and oral health problem in the rural area has increased every year. The Villagers knowledge about the dental abrasion is still lacking. Dental abrasion is a damage on the surface layer of the tooth caused by the contact of the tooth with an object outside which scratches the surface of the tooth and forms a hollow on the tooth surface. Clinical image of tooth abrasion is sharp V-shaped cavity in the CEJ portion of the facial aspect of the tooth. Abrasion can be caused by the improper tooth brushing behavior and the use of toothpicks. Beside that the age factor can also influence the number of dental abrasion in the community. Aim: The purpose of this research is to determine the corelation between risk factor of age, tooth brushing behavior, and the utilization of toothpicks to the number of dental abrasion case at Banjar Dinas Tangkupanyar, Tangkup village, Sidemen Karangasem. Methods: This research is a analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The samples are 114 people who were determined by using simple random sampling. This research uses the spearman rank test correlation. The data of age, toothbrushing behavior, and utilization of toothpick were obtained by using questionnaire, while dental abrasion data were taken by doing dental screening. Result: The result of this research shows that there is a significant correlation between risk factor of age to dental abrasion with r=0.855 (p< 0.05). This research also shows that there is a correlation between toothbrushing behavior and dental abrasion case with r=0.863 (p <0.05). There is a significant correlation between toothpick use and dental abrasion occurrence with r=0.555 (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between risk factor of age, tooth brushing behavior, and the utilization of toothpick to the number of dental abrasion case in Banjar Dinas Tangkupanyar, Tangkup Village Sidemen, Karangasem.
Latar Belakang: Setiap tahunnya permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di pedesaan mengalami peningkatan. Pengetahuan masyarakat di pedesaan terkait abrasi pada gigi masih sangat minim. Abrasi gigi adalah kerusakan pada lapisan permukaan gigi diakibatkan oleh kontak gigi dengan benda dari luar yang menggores permukaan gigi hingga membentuk cekungan pada permukaan gigi. Gambaran klinis abrasi berupa cekungan tajam berbentuk V pada bagian CEJ dari aspek fasial gigi. Abrasi dapat diakibatkan oleh penerapan perilaku menyikat gigi yang kurang tepat dan penggunaan tusuk gigi, disamping itu faktor usia juga turut mempengaruhi kejadian abrasi gigi di masyarakat. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko usia, perilaku menyikat gigi, dan penggunaan tusuk gigi terhadap angka kejadian abrasi gigi di Banjar Dinas Tangkupanyar, Desa Tangkup, Sidemen Karangasem. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 114 orang dengan metode pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Penelitian in menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman rank test. Pengambilan data usia, perilaku menyikat gigi, penggunaan tusuk gigi dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kuesioner, sedangkan data abrasi gigi diambil dengan melakukan screening gigi. Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor risiko umur terhadap kejadian abrasi gigi dengan r=0,855 (p<0,05). Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan perilaku menyikat gigi terhadap abrasi gigi dengan r=0,863 (p<0,05), dan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara penggunaan tusuk gigi terhadap kejadian abrasi gigi dengan r=0,555 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor risiko usia, perilaku menyikat gigi, dan penggunaan tusuk gigi terhadap angka kejadian abrasi gigi di banjar Dinas Tangkupanyar, Desa Tangkup Sidemen, Karangasem.
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Liu, Yu-Wen, Yu-Yuan Lin i Shih-Wei Cho. "Abrasion Behavior of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete in Hydraulic Structures". Applied Sciences 10, nr 16 (11.08.2020): 5562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165562.
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This study investigated two types of abrasion resistance of steel–fiber-reinforced concrete in hydraulic structures, friction abrasion and impact abrasion using the ASTM C1138 underwater test and the water-borne sand test, respectively. Three water-to-cementitious-material ratios (0.50, 0.36, and 0.28), two impact angles (45° and 90°), plain concrete, and steel–fiber-reinforced concrete were employed. Test results showed that the abrasive action and principal resistance varied between the two test methods. The average impact abrasion rates (IARs) of concrete were approximately 8–17 times greater than the average friction abrasion rate (FARs). In general, the impact abrasion loss of the concrete surface impacted at a vertical angle was higher than that of impacted at a 45 degree angle. Moreover, the average FAR and IAR decreased when the concrete was reinforced with steel fibers. The steel fibers acted as shields to prevent the concrete material behind the fibers from abrasion, thus improving abrasion resistance. In both the underwater and waterborne sand flow methods, the resistance to abrasion of concrete without steel fibers increased as the water/cementitious material ratio (w/cm) decreased, and the concrete compressive strength also increased.
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Pulford, Carl T. R. "Failure of Rubber by Abrasion". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, nr 3 (1.07.1985): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536083.
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Abstract This short review presents the landmark discoveries and ideas in rubber abrasion that have brought the field to where it is today. First, the important features of rubber abrasion are reviewed as background for a physical model for the abrasion of rubber. The model, due to Thomas, is described in detail, since it clearly shows the connection between the failure of rubber by abrasive wear and the appropriate rubber fracture properties. The implications of the model for improved abrasion resistance are also discussed. Then, physical principles are applied to the failure of rubber by abrasion in actual products, such as tires. The tire wear model of Schallamach and Turner is described, together with its success in explaining several features of tire wear.
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Liu, Yong Hong, Yun Zhe Deng i Xi Shu Deng. "Effect of Chemical Composition and Microstructure on Abrasion Resistance of Surfacing Materials". Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (kwiecień 2014): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.111.
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The influence of chemical composition, hardness and microstructure on resistance to abrasive wear of four kinds surfacing materials was studied. According to the results, coarse and massive carbides are not benefit for abrasion resistance, by decreasing continuity of matrix. Tiny and fine dispersed carbides combined with high toughness matrix, despite the relatively low hardness, ensure excellent abrasion resistance. Besides, material with single phase of martensite shows low hardness and low abrasion resistance.
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Kamdi, Zakiah, P. H. Shipway i K. T. Voisey. "A Modified Micro-Scale Abrasion for Large Hard Phase Cermet". Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (wrzesień 2013): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.888.
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Various research programmes have been conducted examining cermet coatings in relation to wear, corrosion and the combination of both (erosion-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion). Several methods have been employed to deposit cermet coatings, the most common being thermal spraying or hard facing (weld overlaying).The cermet coatings are carbide-sized ranging from 50 150 μm which is larger than abrasive particles which range between 2 to 10 μm. This allows the abrasive particles to interact with the carbide and matrix separately. Understanding the mechanism of this situation is necessary as abrasion maybe caused by a small abrasive. However, carbide sinking caused by this large carbide leads to diverse local carbide distributions and wear rates with a larger standard deviation. Modified micro-scale abrasion tests were performed with a silica abrasive of 2-10 μm particle size distribution and suspended in water. Due to the sinking of carbide particles during the coating process, the ground samples with more carbide on the surface displayed better wear resistance than those with a lower local carbide content. By using a modified micro-scale abrasion wear test, the correlation between local carbide content and wear rate may be determined with a smaller standard deviation. Rolling wear mode was observed due to the lower degree of hardness of the abrasive compared to the hard phase. The wear behaviour is related to the microstructure.
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Chotěborský, R., P. Hrabě, M. Müller, J. Savková, M. Jirka i M. Navrátilová. "Effect of abrasive particle size on abrasive wear of hardfacing alloys". Research in Agricultural Engineering 55, No. 3 (22.09.2009): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2008-rae.
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Hardfacing is one of the most useful and economical ways to improve the performance of components submitted to severe wear conditions. This study has been made for the comparison of microstructure and abrasion resistance of hardfacing alloys reinforced with chromium carbides or complex carbides. The hardfacing alloys were deposited onto ČNS EN S235JR low carbon steel plates by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method. Different commercial hardfacing electrodes were applied to investigate the effect of abrasive particle size on abrasive wear resistance. The abrasion tests were made using the two-body abrasion test according to ČSN 01 5084 standard, abrasive cloths were of grits 80, 120, 240, and 400. Microstructure characterisation and surface analysis were made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show the different influence of abrasive particles size on the wear rate for different structures of Fe-Cr-C system. The structures without primary carbides are of high abrasive wear rate, which increases nonlinearly with the increasing abrasive particle size. On the contrary, the structures containing primary carbides are of low abrasive rates and theses rates increase linearly with the increasing abrasive particle size.
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Wisyanto, Wisyanto. "ABRASION HAZARD ANALYSIS IN THE BANGGAI KEPULAUAN DISTRICT". Jurnal Alami : Jurnal Teknologi Reduksi Risiko Bencana 3, nr 1 (31.05.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/alami.v3i1.3490.
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The threat of abrasion even though comes as a slow onset process, but it is certainly and can disrupt the interests of the community. One of the areas that threaten by abrasion is Banggai Kepulauan Regency. To find out how big the threat of abrasion and it’s alternative handling, An abrasion hazard analysis has been carried out based on the calculation of 3 main parameters obtained from secondary data and some of them are detailed by field observations, namely wave height parameters and routinity level, coastal rock / sediment composition, and coastal slope . The results showed that the total coastal length which has a high hazard level is 250.87 km and the Liang sub-district is a district that has the longest high level of abrasion threat, which is 41.11 km long. The alternative measures for abrasion protection, in addition to the physical construction of abrasion-retaining structures as found in the field, is through the protection of green belts and the prohibition of the establishment of houses on abrasive coastal areas.
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Zhang, S. W. "Studies on rubber wear". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 212, nr 3 (1.03.1998): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650981542047.
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Achievements in research on rubber wear by the present author and his group over the past ten years are summarized briefly. These results include mechanisms and wear equations for dry and wet abrasion, basic features and wear mechanism of oily abrasion, theory of dry abrasion by a line contact, physical processes and surface mechanochemical effects of abrasive erosion. They are not only significant in the context of rubber tribology but are also valuable for extending the working life of rubber components.
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Ijaz, Mehreen, Namood e. Sahar i Zahra Rasheed. "Determination of abrasive strength of fabrics through mass loss at various washing intervals". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, nr 4 (1.10.2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.06.
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Fabrics undergo many wear and tear conditions through their lifetime. Abrasion occurs with the rubbing of fibers to another surface during their manufacturing process, usage, and laundering procedure. It is necessary to evaluate upholstery fabrics for their abrasive strength before presenting it to the customers for their satisfaction. Abrasion causes mechanical deterioration of fibers and yarns in a fabric. This study was aimed at determining the abrasive strength of collected upholstery fabric from local markets after various number of washing intervals through Martindale abrasion tester. The results depicted that fabric made with polyester and cotton having a blend ration of (87% and 13%) manufactured by following plain interlacing pattern was better able to resist rubbing action as compared to other samples.
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Tamarkin, Mihail, Elina Tischenko i Aleksey Verchenko. "Technological fundamentals of polymer-composite parts with flexible abrasive tool". Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering, nr 8 (1.09.2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2021-8-25-34.
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There are presented investigation results of polymer-composite parts abrasion. The dependences for the definition of surface roughness at polymer-composite material hydro-abrasive cutting are shown. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of hydro-abrasive cutting processes are presented. A procedure for their carrying out, tool and equipment used is described. The results of experimental investigations on polymer-composite parts preparation to splicing are shown. A procedure for designing a technological process of polymer-composite parts abrasion is offered.
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Slota, Ján, Andrzej Kubit, Ivan Gajdoš, Tomasz Trzepieciński i Ľuboš Kaščák. "A Comparative Study of Hardfacing Deposits Using a Modified Tribological Testing Strategy". Lubricants 10, nr 8 (18.08.2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10080187.
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In this study, hardfacing deposits using materials of different surface hardness are investigated using an innovative strategy for tribological testing. The abrasive wear behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel is compared to the Cr–Ni–Mn alloy (OK Autrod 16.95) and the Cr-Mo alloy (Fluxofil 58), deposited on a substrate of S355JR steel. A modified three-body abrasion test and a modified scratch test were used to evaluate the tribological behaviour and wear mechanisms of these materials. The modified double-pass scratch test on the abraded surfaces is analysed using the geometrical parameters of grooves to aid in predicting the lifetime of machinery parts in abrasive working conditions. This leads to a shortening of the resistance to abrasion wear time of the evaluation of the abrasion wear resistance of materials. The validation of the results obtained in the double-pass scratch tests was carried out using three-body abrasion tests, according to the ASTM G65 standard. Wear mechanism investigations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional surface topography and was analysed using an optical microscope. The results obtained from experimental research show that double-pass scratch tests demonstrated that it is possible to shorten the time needed to predict the abrasive behaviour of materials using this method.
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Lv, Bing Hai, Ju Long Yuan, Ying Xue Yao, Z. W. Wang, B. C. Tao, J. J. Zhen i Ping Zhao. "Study on Wear Mode of Silicon Nitride Balls in Lapping Process". Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (luty 2006): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.403.
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To understand the mechanism involved in the lapping process of the silicon nitride balls, the wear mode is investigated in this paper. The abrasion tests were performed on a ball-plate wear test apparatus with different loads (0~2N/ball) and slurry concentrations (5%wt~30%wt W20 B4C3). The abraded surface is observed by optical telescope. A wear-mode map, which defines the regimes for two-body abrasion or three-body abrasion dominating in the micro-scale abrasion test, is plotted with two axes: load and concentration of abrasive. An empirical formula for the wear mode transition is adopted to calculate the transition point S*, which can then used to predict the wear mode in lapping process of silicon nitride ball.
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Zhang, M. Q., K. Friedrich, K. Batzar i P. Thomas. "Wear Transition in Fluoropolymer Based Composite Coatings". Advanced Composites Letters 5, nr 2 (marzec 1996): 096369359600500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359600500202.
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Abrasive wear behavior of fluoropolymer based composite coatings was investigated by using a particular wear testing method, the Nord Test. It was found that the abrasion process was a decelerated one due to a transition from three-body abrasion to two-body sliding wear. Coating thickness but not material microstructure controlled the wear performance of the present coating systems.
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Brykov, Michail Nikolaevich, Taisiia Oleksandrivna Akrytova, Michail Jurievich Osipov, Ivan Petryshynets, Viktor Puchy, Vasily Georgievich Efremenko, Kazumichi Shimizu, Maik Kunert i Olaf Hesse. "Abrasive Wear of High-Carbon Low-Alloyed Austenite Steel: Microhardness, Microstructure and X-ray Characteristics of Worn Surface". Materials 14, nr 20 (17.10.2021): 6159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206159.
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A high-carbon, high-silicon steel (1.21 wt% C, 2.56 wt% Mn, 1.59 wt% Si) was subjected to quenching from 900 and 1000 °C, resulting in microstructures containing 60 and 94% of retained austenite, respectively. Subsequent abrasive wear tests of quenched samples were performed using two-body abrasion and three-body abrasion testing machines. Investigations on worn surface and subsurface were carried out using SEM, XRD, and microhardness measurement. It was found that the highest microhardness of worn surface (about 1400 HV0.05) was achieved on samples quenched from 900 °C after three-body abrasion. Microhardness of samples after two-body abrasion was noticeably smaller. with a maximum of about 1200 HV0.05. This difference correlates with microstructure investigations along with XRD results. Three-body abrasion has produced a significantly deeper deformed layer; corresponding diffractograms show bigger values of the full width at half maximum parameter (FWHM) for both α and γ alone standing peaks. The obtained results are discussed in the light of possible differences in abrasive wear conditions and differing stability of retained austenite after quenching from different temperatures. It is shown that a structure of metastable austenite may be used as a detector for wear conditions, as the sensitivity of such austenite to phase transformation strongly depends on wear conditions, and even small changes in the latter lead to significant differences in the properties of the worn surface.
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Jakarta1, Ngatemi poltekkes, i Erna Sariana. "Hubungan Karakteristik dan Kebiasaan Menyikat Gigi dengan Kejadian Abrasi Gigi Pada Pegawai Yayasan Masjid Al-ikhlas Cilandak Jakarta". ARKESMAS (Arsip Kesehatan Masyarakat) 4, nr 2 (29.02.2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/arkesmas.v4i2.3746.
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ABSTRACT
Abrasion is damage to dental tissue due to foreign objects, such as toothbrushes and toothpastes that contain abrasive ingredients. Abrasion caused by brushing teeth in a horizontal direction and with excessive emphasis. This study aims to obtain an overview of the relationship between the characteristics and habits of brushing teeth with the incidence of dental abrasion in employees of the Al-Ikhlas Masjid Cilandak Foundation in Jakarta. This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The research sample used total sampling totaling 32 employees of Masjid Al-Ikhlas Foundation. Data collection through direct interviews and observations by filling out checklist sheets and dental abnormalities (tooth abrasion) cards. Data analysis was conducted in univariate and bivariate. The results of univariate analysis showed that the incidence of tooth abrasion was mostly in the high category (53.1%), employee age> 38 years (56.3%), female sex (56.3%), tooth brushing frequency <3 times (62, 5%), and the tooth brushing technique is mostly good (56.3%). The results of bivariate analysis, variables that were significantly associated with dental abrasion events were the frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.035 and OR = 7,000), and tooth brushing techniques (p = 0.029 and OR = 7.333).
Keywords: Dental abrasion, characteristics, and habit of brushing teeth
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Essert, Sara, Vera Rede i Josip Barišić. "Effect of Abrasive Grain Size on the Abrasion Volume Loss of Subfossil and Recent Oak Wood in Three Characteristic Sections". Materials 16, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010432.
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Subfossil wood is a valuable and rare material often used for production of expensive furniture and decorative artistic items of unique beauty. Its mechanical and tribological properties are still being studied and are considered specific due to the particular conditions of its long-lasting formation in aqueous sediment sludge. Various elements that have been impregnated into the wood tissue over many years make the machining and grinding of this type of wood rather difficult compared to normal recent wood. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the abrasive grain size of sandpaper on the abrasion volume loss of recent and two subfossil oak samples in three characteristic sections (cross, radial, and tangential). The results showed that the average size of abrasive grains and the orientation of the wood structure have an influence on the abrasion volume loss of all three samples. The phenomenon of the critical size of abrasive grains was observed in all samples and on all sections. As the size of abrasive grains increased to the critical size, the abrasive volume loss of the sample increased simultaneously. The lowest abrasion volume loss was observed on recent oak. In all samples, the lowest volume loss was measured on the cross sections, and the tangential and radial sections had mutually equal values. It was also found that the increase in the size of abrasive grains to a critical value resulted in the increasing value of the absolute difference between the abrasion volume loss of the cross, radial, and tangential section samples, while the relative relations between the abrasive volume loss values of three different sections (C/R, C/T, R/T) within the same grit of sandpaper remained quite similar.
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Nur Liyana Hannah Binti Izham Akmal, Adimulapu Hima Sandeep i Revathi Duraisamy. "Association Between Cervical Abrasion and Age and Its Influence on Gender - A Retrospective Study". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (12.09.2020): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2961.
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Cervical lesions are often characterized by defects seen in the gingival third of a tooth crown which may be in the facial or lingual surface. Pathological loss of tooth structure caused by factors other than dental caries such as cervical abrasion is referred to as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Cervical abrasion is an example of NCCL in which a constant exposure of the tooth to mechanical forces leads to pathological wearing away of the hard tissues. In most of the cases, cervical tooth lesions are revealed to be more common as the age increases. Several studies have reported the difference in the prevalence of cervical abrasion between males and females. Many reports suggest that cervical abrasion is commonly associated with improper tooth brushing habits. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical abrasion between genders and its influence on age. It is a retrospective study conducted using the case records of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India from June 2019 to March 2020. Data including the patient’s name, patient’s identification number (PID), age, gender and presence of cervical abrasion were retrieved from the patients’ case records. A total of 742 consecutive case records were retrieved and analysed. Cervical abrasion was observed in 371 individuals of this study. High prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen in males (70.9%) compared to females (29.1%). Most of the cases were observed in individuals within the 41-50 years age group (28.8%), and the least was seen within the 11-20 years age group (0.3%). Within the limits of the study, most of the cervical abrasion cases are recorded in individuals within the 41-50 years age group with higher predilection in males. There is a statistically significant association of cervical abrasion with age and gender.
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Paraschiv, Alexandru, Gheorghe Matache, Cristian Puscasu i Raluca Condruz. "Non-Contact Roughness Investigation of Ball-Cratered Molybdenum Thermal Spray Coatings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (grudzień 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.9.
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The effects of micro-abrasion wear on the surface roughness of molybdenum coatings deposited by electric arc thermal spray on steel support were investigated. The 2D surface roughness was measured and correlated with the experimental results of the micro-abrasion tests. Different worn surfaces which correspond to running-in and steady stage of wear were investigated in terms of the microstructure, 3D image and 2D surface roughness. The micro-abrasion tests were made in the presence of a SiC abrasive slurry for test durations between 200 – 1600 s and the worn surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy.
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TARASIUK, Wojciech, Jerzy NAPIÓRKOWSKI, Krzysztof LIGIER i Bazyli KRUPICZ. "COMPARISON OF THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF HARDOX 500 STEEL AND 20MnCr5". Tribologia 273, nr 3 (30.06.2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6254.
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The paper presents the results of experimental studies on abrasion resistance of Hardox 500 steel and 20MnCr5 steel subjected to thermo-chemical treatment. These types of steel are often used for agricultural or construction machinery. Abrasion tests were performed on a T-11 pin using a disc tester. The test conditions correspond to the wear caused by micro-grinding and grain-cutting using particles from the product as well as a result of abrasion produced by loose abrasive material created through the chipping of silica sand grains. The obtained results can be useful in the selection of materials for machine components.
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Arifin, Lukman, i Beben Rachmat. "ABRASI PANTAI DAN PENDANGKALAN KOLAM PELABUHAN JETTY PERTAMINA BALONGAN, INDRAMAYU MELALUI ANALISIS ARUS PASANG SURUT, ANGIN DAN GELOMBANG". JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 9, nr 1 (16.02.2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.9.1.2011.197.
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Masalah utama yang terjadi di perairan sekitar kolam Pelabuhan Jetty Pertamina Balongan, Indramayu adalah abrasi dan pendangkalan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan analisis mengenai pendangkalan kolam pelabuhan dan abrasi pantai di lokasi ini dengan menggunakan data arus stasioner, trayektori arus, pasang surut dan hindcasting gelombang. Data penelitian lapangan selama satu bulan memperlihatkan telah terjadi proses pendangkalan dan abrasi pantai di sekitar area Pelabuhan Jetty Pertamina. Proses ini terjadi akibat terganggunya laju sedimen yang berasal dari selatan ke utara dan sebaliknya oleh aliran arus sejajar pantai dan arus pasang surut karena keberadaan Pelabuhan Jetty Pertamina (terganggunya kesetimbangan suplai sedimen). Kecepatan arus pasang surut pada tiga kedalaman berbeda rata-rata berkisar antara 0.168 – 0.215 m/s dan kecepatan arus terbesar sebesar 0.371 m/s terjadi pada saat spring tide. Arus pasang surut dan arus sejajar pantai secara bersinergi mempercepat terjadinya abrasi pantai dan pendangkalan kolam Pelabuhan Jetty. Laju abrasi pantai di perairan ini berdasarkan data PPPGL tahun 2003 adalah sebesar 1 – 4 m per tahun. Salah satu upaya untuk menanggulangi abrasi dan pendangkalan di kolam Pelabuhan Jetty terlebih dahulu harus di lakukan studi pemodelan. Studi pemodelan ini digunakan untuk melihat gambaran secara dinamis kondisi hidro dinamika perairan yang berhubungan dengan proses terjadinya pendangkalan dan abrasi, serta untuk menentukan tipe bangunan pantai yang sesuai.
Kata kunci : pelabuhan, jetty, sedimentasi, pendangkalan, abrasi, arus, sedimen
The main problem that occured around the pool of port Pertamina Jetty Balongan, Indramayu is abrasion and shoaling. Therefore an analysis of the shoaling pool of port and coastal abrasion in this location was conducted by using the stationary current data, trajectory current, tide and wave hindcasting. Data of one-month field observation shows there has been shoaling and coastal abrasion processes in the areas sorrounding port Pertamina Jetty. This process occurs due to disruption of the rate of sediment derived from south to north and vice versa by the current flow parallel to the coast and tidal current because of the presence of Pertamina Jetty port (disturbance of equilibrium sediment supply). The velocity of tidal currents on three different average depths ranging from 0.168 – 0.215 m/s and the largest flow velocity of 0.371 m/s during spring tide. The direction of static current measurement and float tracking south-southeast trending dominant at low tide and northwest-north at high tide. Tidal current and longshore current sinergies to accelerate the occurence of coastal abrasion and shoaling pool of Harbour Jetty. The rate of coastal abrasion in this water based on PPPGL data of 2003 that is 1 – 4 m/s per year. One effort to overcome abrasion and shoaling in pool Harbour Jetty should be done prior modeling studies. This modeling study is used to portraya water hydro dynamics associated with the process of shoaling and abrasion, as well as determine the appropriate types of coastal structures.
Keyword : ports, jetties, sedimentation, shoaling, abrasion, currents, sediment
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Priss, Jelena, Ivan Klevtsov, Andrei Dedov, Maksim Antonov, Harald Rojacz i Ewald Badisch. "High Temperature Cyclic Impact/Abrasion Testing of Boiler Steels". Key Engineering Materials 604 (marzec 2014): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.289.
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In the present study the high temperature impact/abrasion resistance of several boiler steels which are used in Estonian power plants were determined experimentally using the High Temperature Cyclic Impact Abrasion Test (HT-CIAT) at 500 and 600°C. Results indicate a strong dependence of the wear resistance on the materials microstructure and formation of the mechanically mixed layer with incorporated abrasive particles.
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Guo, Jinjun, Minghao Gao, Kun Wang i Peng Zhang. "Mechanisms and influential variables on the abrasion resistance hydraulic concrete". Nanotechnology Reviews 11, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 2997–3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0488.
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Abstract Abrasion damage is inevitable for hydraulic structure concrete, to increase the service life of large water conservancies and to keep them running safely and reliably, hydraulic concrete requires a high abrasion resistance. This review synthesizes current practices defined by scientific literature in a format focused on allowing quick comparison and understanding of the current scenario of anti-abrasion concrete enhancing mechanism, measuring methods, and approaches to enhance concrete abrasion resistance. Besides, the review highlights the application of widely used materials and potential materials application, like silica fume and fibers which are mature research at present, and effective but preliminary used materials like nanoparticles, to better understand the development of higher abrasion resistance of concrete. According to the present research, it indicate that incorporating enhancement materials into concrete to achieve better abrasion resistance are basically through the way of hardening cement paste, controlling internal crack propagation, or using stronger coarse aggregate to enhance its ability for anti-abrasive. Finally, based on the systematic literature review, a discussion on major areas holding the significant potential to improve current practices is presented and practical recommendations are provided to advance toward more direct and optimized methods.
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Susiati, Dwi, i Sri Setiadji. "STATUS HUKUM HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH YANG TERKENA ABRASI". Mimbar Keadilan 13, nr 1 (24.01.2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/mk.v13i1.3082.
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Abrasion is a natural disaster that results in the owner of the right to land losing the right to control, use or take advantage of the land, because the land is lost in part or in whole due to erosion by water. Article 27 of the Law On Agraria determines that property rights over land are destroyed if the land is destroyed. In this study, the author will analyze the legal status of property of land affected by abrasion with the formulation of the problem What is the legal status of property rights on land affected by abrasion according to Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration and how to guarantee the protection of affected land rights abrasion. The results of this study are that the status of land rights affected by abrasion is abolished, both in the provisions of the Law On Agraria and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration because it is no longer compatible with physical data or juridical data as a strong evidence. The government has an obligation to provide guarantees and protection of rights to land affected by abrasion and those that have been affected by abrasion in part or in whole. On the basis of the state's right to control Article 2 of the Law On Agraria the state has the right to regulate land use, inventory, and maintenance to prevent and reduce the impact of abrasion on its citizens. The government can also provide compensation as contained in Article Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management which determines that the Government and regional governments are responsible for the implementation of disaster management.Abrasi merupakan bencana alam yang mengakibatkan pemilik hak atas tanah kehilangan hak untuk menguasai, menggunakan, atau mengambil manfaat atas tanah, karena tanah tersebut hilang sebagian atau seluruhnya akibat pengikisan oleh air. Pasal 27 UUPA menentukan hak milik atas tanah hapus, apabila tanahnya musnah. Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan menganalisa tentang status hukum hak milik atas tanah yang terkena abrasi dengan rumusan masalah Bagaimana status hukum hak milik atas tanah yang terkena abrasi menurut PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah dan bagaimana jaminan perlindungan hak-hak tanah yang terdampak abrasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa status hak atas tanah yang terkena abrasi adalah hapus, baik dalam ketentuan UUPA maupun PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah karena tidak sesuai lagi dengan data fisik maupun data yuridis sebagai alat bukti yang kuat. Pemerintah mempunyai kewajiban untuk memberikan jaminan dan perlindungan hak-hak atas tanah yang terdampak abrasi maupun yang sudah terkena abrasi baik sebagian maupun seluruh tanahnya. Atas dasar hak menguasai oleh negara Pasal 2 UUPA negara berhak mengatur peruntukan, penggunaan, persediaan,dan pemeliharaan tanah untuk mencegah dan mengurangi dampak abrasi bagi warga negaranya. Pemerintah juga dapat memberikan ganti kerugian sebagaimana yang ada di dalam UU No. 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana yang menentukan bahwa Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah menjadi penanggung jawab dalam penyelenggaraan penang-gulangan bencana.
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Sebastián, Laino, Jorge Antonio Sikora i Ricardo C. Dommarco. "Advances in the Development of Carbidic ADI". Key Engineering Materials 457 (grudzień 2010): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.187.
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Carbidic ADI (CADI) is a new type of Austempered Ductile Iron containing free carbides in the microstructure, providing a particular combination of wear resistance and impact toughness. In this work, four CADI variants were evaluated, in which carbides were promoted by alloying with chromium. Tests performed under the low stress abrasion condition imposed by the ASTM G65 standard show that CADI can increase the wear resistance up to 100 % when compared with conventional ADI austempered at the same temperature. The carbide content must be higher than 10 % to promote a considerable reinforcing effect. However, at this carbide content level, the impact toughness varies between 7 and 11 J/cm2 for unnotched samples. These values are much lower than those of conventional ADI, but higher than those of other abrasion resistant materials, like white irons. Some CADI variants were also evaluated in field tests, producing abrasion under either low stress or high stress conditions. For this purpose, two CADI prototype parts were studied: screw segments for animal food extruders (low stress abrasion) and wheel loader bucket edges (high stress abrasion). The results gathered showed that CADI behaves satisfactorily under low stress abrasion, but the performance is not so good under high stress conditions. To analyze the differences in the abrasion response, scratch tests were performed in order to evaluate the interaction between the abrasive tip and the microstructure.
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Liu, Jin Hai, Guo Lu Li, Xue Bo Zhao, Xiao Yan Hao i Jian Jun Zhang. "Effect of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron". Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (lipiec 2011): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1085.
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The microstructure and properties of austempered ductile iron with carbides was studied to increase the abrasive resistance of ADI. It was proven that the austempering temperature influences greatly the microstructure, impact toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance of CADI. With increase of austempering temperature, the acicular ferrite becomes thicker and bigger, the impact toughness rises, and the hardness decreases. But there is a complicated effect of austempering temperature on wet abrasion resistance. In addition, the CADI grinding balls were cast and the field testing was performed. The CADI ball is one third of abrasion loss of low chromium cast iron, zero rate of breakage and no loosing round.
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Sadiq, Kamran, Mark A. Sim, Richard A. Black i Margaret M. Stack. "Mapping the Micro-Abrasion Mechanisms of CoCrMo: Some Thoughts on Varying Ceramic Counterface Diameter on Transition Boundaries In Vitro". Lubricants 8, nr 7 (1.07.2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8070071.
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The micro-abrasion wear mechanisms for CoCrMo against variable size alumina balls, representing typical artificial femoral head sizes, were investigated over a range of applied loads in foetal calf serum solution. SEM analysis of resulting wear scars displayed two-body and mixed-mode abrasion modes of wear. The wear factor, κ, was found to range between 0.86 and 22.87 (10−6 mm3/Nm). Micro-abrasion mechanism and wastage maps were constructed for the parameter range tested. A dominant two- to three-body abrasion regime was observed with an increasing load and ball diameter. The 28-mm ball diameter displayed the lowest wastage, with an increasing load. Proteins may act to reduce the severity of contact between abrasive particles and bearing surfaces. Wear volumes did not necessarily increase linearly with applied load and ball diameter; therefore, there is a need to develop more accurate models for wear prediction during micro-abrasion conditions. Wear mapping for hip replacements could provide a useful aid for pre-clinical hip wear evaluations and long-term performance.
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Kamdi, Zakiah, P. H. Shipway i K. T. Voisey. "Micro-Scale Abrasion of WC-Based Coatings with Different Abrasive Type". Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (grudzień 2013): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.65.
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Various research programmes have been conducted examining cermet coatings regarding wear, corrosion and the combination of both (erosion-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion). Several methods have been used to deposit cermet coatings, the most common being thermal spraying or hard facing (weld overlaying). In the current work, the micro-scale abrasion of coatings deposited using both high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying and weld overlay techniques are compared. The weld-overlayed WC-nickel alloy systems have the carbide particles are typically two orders of magnitude larger than in the sprayed coatings. Micro-scale abrasion tests were performed using silicon carbide, alumina and silica particle slurries with abrasive particle sizes in the range of 2-10 μm in all cases. Wear rates were determined and the wear scars were examined using SEM to elucidate the dominant wear mechanisms. The wear rate is generally observed to decrease with decreasing abrasive hardness from silicon carbide, followed by alumina and silica.
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Fan, Yu Jin, Zhe Kun Li, Teng Han i Wei Da Wang. "Finite Element Simulation of Abrasive Wear and Study of Wear Resistance of Material". Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (wrzesień 2013): 3192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3192.
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This paper presented the abrasive wear process of a particle pressing into the material and sliding on the surface simulated by finite element method to reveal wear characteristics and effect factors. The contact stress and surface deformation of material were indicated and material wear resistance was studied, it was found that the stress and the deformation of subsurface not only depends on mechanical properties of material and original surface shape, but also on deformed surface profile due to sliding. In order to prove the effects of material yield stress and deformation harden property on surface deformation and abrasion resistance property, the abrasive wear of three kinds of carbon steel were taken for examples, the simulation results were presented that the larger yield stress of carbon steel, the less surface deformation and the better abrasion resistance property when a particle sliding on the surface. The simulation results also shown that the deformation harden of carbon steel could reduce surface deformation, but couldnt always improve abrasion resistance property.