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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Acid soils South Australia”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 stycznia 2023

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1

Simpson, Stuart L., Rob W. Fitzpatrick, Paul Shand, Brad M. Angel, David A. Spadaro, and Luke Mosley. "Climate-driven mobilisation of acid and metals from acid sulfate soils." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 1 (2010): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09066.

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The recent drought in south-eastern Australia has exposed to air, large areas of acid sulfate soils within the River Murray system. Oxidation of these soils has the potential to release acidity, nutrients and metals. The present study investigated the mobilisation of these substances following the rewetting of dried soils with River Murray water. Trace metal concentrations were at background levels in most soils. During 24-h mobilisation tests, the water pH was effectively buffered to the pH of the soil. The release of nutrients was low. Metal release was rapid and the dissolved concentrations

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2

McBeath, T. M., R. D. Armstrong, E. Lombi, M. J. McLaughlin, and R. E. Holloway. "Responsiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in southern Australian soils." Soil Research 43, no. 2 (2005): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04066.

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Recent field trials on alkaline soils in southern Australia showed significant grain yield responses to liquid compared with traditional granular forms of P fertiliser. However the advantages of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been consistent on all soil types. In order to better predict the soil types on which liquid P fertilisers are likely to have potential, a glasshouse trial was conducted to compare the responsiveness of wheat to both liquid and granular forms of P on a wide range of Australian soils. A granular P fertiliser (triple superphosphate) and 2 liquid fertilis

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3

Krishnamurti, G. S. R., and R. Naidu. "Speciation and phytoavailability of cadmium in selected surface soils of South Australia." Soil Research 38, no. 5 (2000): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99129.

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A modified sequential extraction scheme was developed for partitioning the particulate-bound cadmium (Cd) into 9 fractions: exchangeable, carbonate-bound/specifically adsorbed, metal–fulvic acid-complex-bound, metal–humic acid-complex-bound, easily reducible metal oxide-bound, organic-bound, amorphous mineral colloid-bound, crystalline Fe oxide-bound, and detrital (bound to mineral lattices). Results on 11 surface soils showed that Cd in these soils was predominantly present in detrital form, bound to the mineral lattices, accounting for 15.8–61.9%, with an average of 33.4%, of the total Cd in

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4

Bolan, NS, RE White, and MJ Hedley. "A review of the use of phosphate rocks as fertilizers for direct application in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900297.

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Field trials in New Zealand have shown that reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) can be as effective as soluble P fertilisers, per kg of P applied, on permanent pastures that have a soil pH<6.0 (in water) and a mean annual rainfall >800 mm. Whereas RPRs such as North Carolina, Sechura, Gafsa and Chatham Rise have been evaluated on permanent pastures in New Zealand, most Australian field trials have examined unreactive PRs such as Christmas Island A and C grade, Nauru and Duchess, using annual plant species. Only in recent experiments has an RPR, North Carolina, been examined. Except on the hi

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5

Singh, Balwant, I. O. A. Odeh, and A. B. McBratney. "Acid buffering capacity and potential acidification of cotton soils in northern New South Wales." Soil Research 41, no. 5 (2003): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02036.

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Soil acidity has been of major concern in Australia since European settlement. Acidification processes have been accelerated due to agricultural activities such as N fertiliser application and leguminous N-fixation in farm rotations. In this paper, we measured the acid buffering capacity (pHBC) of Vertosols, soils used predominantly for growing cotton in northern New South Wales. The pHBC values were used to calculate decrease in soil pH assuming net acid input due to agricultural practices. We combined the acidification results with geostatistics to spatially simulate the decline in soil pH o

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6

Doolette, Ashlea L., Ronald J. Smernik, and Timothy I. McLaren. "The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 55, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16058.

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Few studies have considered the influence of climate on organic phosphorus (P) speciation in soils. We used sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (NaOH–EDTA) soil extractions and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the soil P composition of five alpine and sub-alpine soils. The aim was to compare the P speciation of this set of soils with those of soils typically reported in the literature from other cold and wet locations, as well as those of other Australian soils from warmer and drier environments. For all alpine and sub-alpine soils, the majority

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7

Gerritse, RG. "Simulation of phosphate leaching in acid sandy soils." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890055.

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Prediction of changes in amounts of phosphate leaching from soils with changes in management practices requires a detailed knowledge of the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the soils for phosphate. Non-equilibrium soil distribution of inorganic phosphate was determined at various rates of flow from time courses of phosphate in the leachates of small columns of sandy soils sampled from the Swan Coastal Plain in south-west Western Australia. Equilibrium distribution isotherms were estimated by extrapolating to zero rate of flow. Time courses of phosphate concentrations in the leachat

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8

Wong, M. T. F., R. W. Bell, and K. Frost. "Mapping boron deficiency risk in soils of south-west Western Australia using a weight of evidence model." Soil Research 43, no. 7 (2005): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05022.

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The aim of this work was to develop a risk map for boron (B) deficiency in the grain cropping regions of Western Australia (WA), whilst avoiding the high costs associated with direct B measurements for an area as vast as the south-west of WA. The study firstly determined relationships between 0.01 m CaCl2-extractable soil B levels and readily available data on soil properties and parent materials for Reference Soils of south-west Australia and secondly assembled direct evidence of B deficiency risk from surveys of farmers’ crops and soils and from glasshouse experiments. Across 73 Reference So

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9

Li, G. D., G. M. Lodge, G. A. Moore, A. D. Craig, B. S. Dear, S. P. Boschma, T. O. Albertsen, et al. "Evaluation of perennial pasture legumes and herbs to identify species with high herbage production and persistence in mixed farming zones in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 4 (2008): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07108.

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Ninety-one perennial legumes and herbs (entries) from 47 species in 21 genera were evaluated at sites in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia over 3 years from 2002 to 2005 to identify plants with superior herbage production, persistence and the potential to reduce ground water recharge. Evaluation was undertaken in three nurseries (general, waterlogged soil and acid soil). Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa (lucerne) cv. Sceptre was the best performing species across all sites. In the general and acid soil nurseries, Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) cv. Grasslands Puna was the o

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10

Walker, PH. "Contributions to the understanding of soil and landscape relationships." Soil Research 27, no. 4 (1989): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890589.

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A new approach to pedology was developed in Australia in the 1950's. It was based on geomorphic and stratigraphic principles and recognized the cyclic or episodic nature of soil and landscape development. The research reviewed here represents a contribution to that approach and further developments of it in fluvial erosional and depositional landscapes of south-eastern Australia and in glaciated landscapes of midwestern U.S.A. This research features detailed studies of hillslope layers and their relationship to alluvial valley fills; soil chronosequences on flights of alluvial terraces; the st

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11

Hollaway, K. L., R. S. Kookana, D. M. Noy, J. G. Smith, and N. Wilhelm. "Crop damage caused by residual acetolactate synthase herbicides in the soils of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05053.

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Grain growers in south-eastern Australia have reported unexpected crop failures with theoretically safe recropping periods for acetolactate synthase herbicides in alkaline soils. This experience has led to the concern that these herbicides may degrade very slowly in alkaline soils, and herbicide residues have at times been blamed for unexplained crop losses. To address this issue, we established 5 recropping trials across Victoria and South Australia with 5 acetolactate synthase herbicides (chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, imazethapyr, and flumetsulam). The herbicides were appl

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12

Webb, Ashley A., Georgina L. Kelly, and Warwick J. Dougherty. "Soil governance in the agricultural landscapes of New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (March 29, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4169.

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Soil is a valuable natural resource. In the state of New South Wales, Australia, the governance of soil has evolved since Federation in 1901. Following rapid agricultural development, and in the face of widespread soil degradation, the establishment of the Soil Conservation Service marked a turning point in the management of soil. Throughout the 20th century, advances in knowledge were translated into evolving governance frameworks that were largely reactionary but saw progressive reforms such as water pollution legislation and case studies of catchment-scale land and vegetation management. In

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13

Li, Guangdi D., Rajinder P. Singh, John P. Brennan, and Keith R. Helyar. "A financial analysis of lime application in a long-term agronomic experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 1 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09103.

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Management of Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER) is a long-term agronomic experiment commenced in 1992. There were 3 fundamental treatment contrasts in this experiment: (a) annual systems v. perennial systems; (b) limed v. unlimed treatments; and (c) permanent pastures v. pasture–crop rotations. The soil was acidic to depth with pH (in CaCl2) below 4.5 and exchangeable Al above 40% at 0.10–0.20 m when the experiment started. Lime was applied every 6 years to maintain soil pHCa at 5.5 in the 0–0.10 m soil depth. A financial analysis was undertaken to estimate potential benefits and

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14

Coventry, D. R., W. J. Slattery, V. F. Burnett, and G. W. Ganning. "Longevity of wheat yield response to lime in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96146.

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Summary. A long-term experiment in north-eastern Victoria has been regularly monitored for wheat yield responses to a range of lime and fertiliser treatments, and the soil sampled for acidity attributes. Substantial grain yield increases have been consistently obtained over a period of 12 years with a single lime application. Lime applied at 2.5 t/ha in 1980 was still providing yield increases of 24% with an acid-tolerant wheat (Matong, 1992 season) and 79% with an acid-sensitive wheat (Oxley, 1993 season) relative to no lime treatment. The 2 wheat cultivars responded differently to phosphorus

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15

Scott, B. J., A. M. Ridley, and M. K. Conyers. "Management of soil acidity in long-term pastures of south-eastern Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 8 (2000): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00014.

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Acidification of non arable soils under long-term pasture presents a major agricultural problem in the high rainfall areas (≥600 mm/year) of central and southern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria. Some of these soils were already strongly acid to depth before agriculture. Evidence suggests that persistence of pasture species tolerant of acidic soils is being affected adversely on a number of severely acidic soils. Acidification processes are well understood but the capacity for grazing enterprises to pay for amendment by lime application is a major constraint in long-term pasture area

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16

Poch, R. M., B. P. Thomas, R. W. Fitzpatrick, and R. H. Merry. "Micromorphological evidence for mineral weathering pathways in a coastal acid sulfate soil sequence with Mediterranean-type climate, South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 4 (2009): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07015.

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Soil micromorphology, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used to describe detailed soil morphological and compositional changes and determine mineral weathering pathways in acid sulfate soils (ASS) from the following 2 contrasting coastal environments in Barker Inlet, South Australia: (i) a tidal mangrove forest with sulfidic material at St Kilda, and (ii) a former supratidal samphire area at Gillman that was drained in 1954 causing sulfuric material to form from sulfidic material. Pyrite framboids and cubes were identified in sulfidic material from both sites a

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17

Culvenor, R. A., and R. J. Simpson. "Persistence traits in perennial pasture grasses: the case of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.)." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13333.

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Persistence is consistently claimed by Australian farmers as a high priority for perennial grasses in long-term pastures. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a productive perennial grass with proven persistence in south-eastern Australia. Nevertheless, factors that determine the persistence of pasture species in southern Australia related to climate (drought), soil (acidity), grazing pressure, and, importantly, their interaction can reduce persistence of phalaris and other species in various situations. These factors and their interactions are discussed in this review, and strategies to improve

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18

Kinsela, Andrew S., Jason K. Reynolds, and Mike D. Melville. "Agricultural acid sulfate soils: a potential source of volatile sulfur compounds?" Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 1 (2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06071.

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Environmental context. Acid sulfate soils are important contributors to global environmental problems. Agricultural acid sulfate soils have recently been shown to emit sulfur dioxide, an important gas in global issues of acid rain, cloud formation and climate change. This emission is surprising because these soils tend to be wet and the gas is extremely water-soluble. The potential origins of this gas are not yet understood within the context of acid sulfate soils. Our new study reports the measurement of two potential precursors of sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and ethanethiol, from both a

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19

French, Robert J., and Bevan J. Buirchell. "Lupin: the largest grain legume crop in Western Australia, its adaptation and improvement through plant breeding." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05088.

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Between 500 000 and 1 000 000 tonnes of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are produced in Western Australia each year. It has become the predominant grain legume in Western Australian agriculture because it is peculiarly well adapted to acid sandy soils and the Mediterranean climate of south-western Australia. It has a deep root system and root growth is not reduced in mildly acid soils, which allows it to fully exploit the water and nutrients in the deep acid sandplain soils that cover much of the agricultural areas of Western Australia. It copes with seasonal drought through dr

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20

Lewis, D. C., M. D. A. Bolland, R. J. Gilkes, and L. J. Hamilton. "Review of Australian phosphate rock research." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 8 (1997): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96103.

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Summary. Most of the research on the effectiveness of phosphorus (P) fertilisers in Australia has involved comparing phosphate rock (PR) or partially acidulated PR (PAPR) with superphosphate (SP) or other water-soluble P fertilisers. There are many estimates of effectiveness (current relative effectiveness or CRE) which compared freshly-applied (current) PR and freshly-applied (current) SP. The CRE values for PR range from <0.1 to 2.5, with a mean value for apatite PR of 0.26 and 0.43 for calcined calcium iron aluminium PR (Calciphos). As measured in field experiments in the years after app

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21

Bibi, Irshad, Balwant Singh та Ewen Silvester. "Akaganéite (β-FeOOH) precipitation in inland acid sulfate soils of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, № 21 (листопад 2011): 6429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.019.

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Hodge, TJV, and DC Lewis. "A description of acid soils and the relationships between properties of acid soils and the nutrient status of grazed pastures in the southeast of South Australia." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890149.

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Areas of low soil pH in the south-east of South Australia were delineated by using previously submitted soil samples and soil association maps. A survey was then undertaken in the major soil associations to determine the severity and characteristics of highly acid soils. The acid soil types identified were a siliceous sand over clay (Db/Dy) and a siliceous sand over organic matter/sesquioxide pan (Uc). The top 2.5 cm of both soil types was significantly less acid than the remaining portion of the A horizon, with pH decreasing rapidly with depth until the B horizon, where a substantial soil pH

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23

Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, B. R. Cullis, P. D. Cregan, R. P. Fisher, L. J. C. Castleman, G. J. Poile, C. M. Evans, and B. Braysher. "Crop responses to lime in long-term pasture-crop rotations in a high rainfall area in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 3 (2001): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00087.

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A long-term trial, known as ‘managing acid soils through efficient rotations’ (MASTER), commenced in 1992 to develop and demonstrate a cropping system that is economically viable on the highly acid soils of the traditional permanent pasture region in south-eastern Australia, so that their fertility is sustained or improved. There were 2 permanent pasture systems and 2 pasture–crop rotations, each with and without lime. This paper reports the effect of lime on crop production over the first cycle (6 years). On annual pasture–crop rotations, lime significantly increased the dry matter production

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24

McDonald, G. K., J. D. Taylor, A. Verbyla, and H. Kuchel. "Assessing the importance of subsoil constraints to yield of wheat and its implications for yield improvement." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 12 (2012): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12244.

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Many of the soils in the Australian cereal belt have subsoils with chemical and physical properties that restrict root growth, which limits water use and yield. On alkaline sodic soils salinity, high pH, high available boron (B), deficiencies of zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and high soil strength occur commonly and aluminium (Al) toxicity restricts root growth on acid soils. While the effects of individual subsoil constraints have been studied there is some debate about the relative importance to yield of the different soil stresses across the region. To address this issue yield variation amon

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25

Stępkowski, Tomasz, Lionel Moulin, Agnieszka Krzyżańska, Alison McInnes, Ian J. Law, and John Howieson. "European Origin of Bradyrhizobium Populations Infecting Lupins and Serradella in Soils of Western Australia and South Africa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7041-7052.2005.

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ABSTRACT We applied a multilocus phylogenetic approach to elucidate the origin of serradella and lupin Bradyrhizobium strains that persist in soils of Western Australia and South Africa. The selected strains belonged to different randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR clusters that were distinct from RAPD clusters of applied inoculant strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with nodulation genes (nodA, nodZ, nolL, noeI), housekeeping genes (dnaK, recA, glnII, atpD), and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer sequences. Housekeeping gene phylogenies revealed that all serradella

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26

Pal, Y., R. J. Gilkes, and M. T. F. Wong. "Mineral sources of potassium to plants for seven soils from south-western Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02014.

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This investigation was conducted with surface horizon samples from 7 south-western Australian soils and their 3 size fractions (sand, silt, and clay). The K release of these materials was measured for several extractants; the highest amounts of K were released from the clay (<2 μm) fraction. The presence of sand-size feldspars and incomplete removal of attached organic matter resulted in sand releasing significant amounts of K. The proportions of total K released in boiling 1 m HNO3 by the sand, silt, and clay fractions ranged from 0.4 to 3.4%, 2.6 to 36.3%, and 11.2 to 51.4%, respectively,

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27

Mathers, Nicole J., Zhihong Xu, Susan J. Berners-Price, M. C. Senake Perera, and Paul G. Saffigna. "Hydrofluoric acid pre-treatment for improving 13C CPMAS NMR spectral quality of forest soils in south-east Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 4 (2002): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01073.

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used to pre-treat forest soils of south-east Queensland for assessing the effectiveness of iron (Fe) removal, carbon (C) composition using 13C cross-polarisation (CP) with magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) before and after the HF pre-treatment, and the improvement of 13C CPMAS NMR spectra. Soil samples were collected from 4 experimental sites of different soil types, harvest residue management or prescribed burning, and tree species. More than 86% of Fe was in all soil types removed by the HF treatment. The 13C NMR spectral quality was impro

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28

Blunden, B. G., and B. Indraratna. "Evaluation of surface and groundwater management strategies for drained sulfidic soil using numerical simulation models." Soil Research 38, no. 3 (2000): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99018.

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The effective management of acid sulfate soils is a major issue for many coastal regions in Australia. Simulations were conducted to evaluate 4 different water management strategies that could be applied to agricultural land on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, to minimise acid generation from acid sulfate soils. The water management strategies are compared with the existing extensively drained situation which generates and discharges large quantities of acidic pyrite oxidation products. The 4 water management strategies include elevated drain water levels using a weir, 25 mm irri

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Knowles, T. A., and B. Singh. "Carbon storage in cotton soils of northern New South Wales." Soil Research 41, no. 5 (2003): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02023.

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Soil carbon is an important component of the global carbon cycle with an estimated pool of soil organic carbon of about 1500 Gt. There are few estimates of the pool of inorganic carbon, but it is thought to be approximately 50% of the organic carbon pool. There is no detailed study on the estimation of the soil carbon pool for Australian soils.In order to quantify the carbon pools and to determine the extent of spatial variability in the organic and inorganic carbon pools, 120 soil cores were taken down to a depth of 0.90 m from a typical cotton field in northern NSW. Three cores were also tak

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Culvenor, R. A., J. T. Wood, A. L. Avery, W. Dempsey, S. E. McDonald, G. Ronnfeldt, and P. E. Veness. "Multi-site evaluation on acid soils of a Phalaris aquatica × P. arundinacea × P. aquatica backcross population bred for acid soil tolerance." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 6 (2004): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03262.

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Half-sib families in the AT98 Phalaris aquatica × P. arundinacea × P. aquatica backcross population bred for acid soil tolerance were compared for establishment, persistence, and yield with phalaris (P. aquatica L.) controls and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Porto) at 4 sites in south-eastern Australia with the aim of selecting the parents of a new cultivar. The sites had strongly acid soils but differed in parent material, pH profile, soil fertility, and suitability for phalaris. Establishment by AT98 was clearly superior to all phalaris controls and similar to cocksfoot in an acid soi

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Sammut, J., I. White, and MD Melville. "Acidification of an estuarine tributary in eastern Australia due to drainage of acid sulfate soils." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 5 (1996): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960669.

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Episodic acidification (pH <5) of estuarine tributaries caused by the oxidation of sulfidic floodplain sediments is widespread in eastern Australia. Drainage and flood mitigation works promote oxidation and the export of sulfuric acid and dissolved aluminium and iron into streams. This paper examines the acidification of a tidal reach on the Richmond River, New South Wales. Acid discharge is controlled by the floodplain water balance, drainage of shallow acid groundwater, and tidal floodgate operation. Floodgates store acid waters for more than six months. Acid discharges ranged from short

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Brennan, R. F., M. D. A. Bolland, and R. W. Bell. "Increased risk of zinc deficiency in wheat on soils limed to correct soil acidity." Soil Research 43, no. 5 (2005): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04162.

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Addition of lime to ameliorate soil acidity has been observed to induce zinc (Zn) deficiency for wheat in sandy soils of south-western Australia, reducing grain yields. The implications of widespread use of lime to treat acid soils for the residual value of Zn in these soils are not known. In a glasshouse experiment, using a Zn-deficient sand from south-western Australia, 3 levels of finely powdered calcium carbonate were added and incubated in moist soil for 6 weeks at 22°C to produce three different pH values (1 : 5 soil : 0.01 m CaCl2): 4.9 (original soil not treated with calcium carbonate)

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Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Zinc sulfate is more effective at producing wheat shoots than zinc oxide in an alkaline soil but both sources are equally effective in an acid soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 12 (2006): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05071.

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The effectiveness of zinc, as either zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O, 22.4% Zn) or zinc oxide (ZnO; 80% Zn) applied to an acid sand or an alkaline sandy clay, at producing wheat shoots was compared in a glasshouse experiment using yield of 50-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The fertilisers were applied as fine powders and mixed through the soil. Both fertilisers were equally effective in the acid soil, but the oxide was about half as effective as the sulfate in the alkaline soil; about twice the amount of zinc as the oxide was required to produce the same yield as zinc added as the sulfa

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Cooper, J. L. "The effect of biosolids on cereals in central New South Wales, Australia. 1. Crop growth and yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03099.

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Two forms of biosolids, with and without lime, were applied to acid soils at 2 sites in central New South Wales. Wheat and triticale were then grown on these sites to determine the effect of biosolids on crop growth and yield. The forms of biosolids used were dewatered sewage sludge cake, and N-Viro Soil which is a lime amended sewage sludge. Dewatered sewage sludge cake was applied at rates of 0, 6, 12 and 24 dry Mg/ha, and N-Viro soil at 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dry Mg/ha. Biosolids produced grain yield increases of over 50% at both sites, with the largest yield increases at the highest rate of d

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Diatloff, E., CJ Asher, and FW Smith. "Concentrations of rare earth elements in some Australian soils." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960735.

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Total, exchangeable, and soil solution concentrations were measured for 15 rare earth elements (REEs) in 9 soils from Queensland and New South Wales. In a further 10 acid soils, effects of amendment with CaCO3 or CaSO4 . 2H2O were measured on the concentrations of REEs in soil solution. The total concentration of the REEs in soil solutions from unamended soils ranged from below the detection limit (0.007 µM) to 0.64 µM. Lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) were the REEs present in the greatest concentrations, the highest concentrations measured in the diverse suite of soils being 0.13 µM La and 0.51

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Gilkes, RJ, and JC Hughes. "Sodium-fluoride pH of South-Western Australian soils as an indicator of P-sorption." Soil Research 32, no. 4 (1994): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940755.

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Phosphate sorption by the surface horizon of 228 acid to neutral Western Australian (W.A.) soils is more closely related (r(2) = 0.76) to the content of oxalate-extractable aluminium than to any other soil constituent. This fraction corresponds to poorly ordered inorganic and organic Al compounds that release considerable amounts of OH- to NaF solution. Thus the abundance of these compounds in soil may be estimated by measurement of the pH of a NaF extract (pH((NaF)) This association enables the rapid and moderately accurate prediction in the field of the P-sorption capacity of soils (r(2) = 0

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Cotching, W. E., S. Lynch, and D. B. Kidd. "Dominant soil orders in Tasmania: distribution and selected properties." Soil Research 47, no. 5 (2009): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08239.

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Dermosols (24%) and Organosols (14.8%) are the dominant soil orders in Tasmania, with the mapped occurrence of >985 000 ha of Organosols in Tasmania being the greatest in any Australian State. Tenosols and Rudosols are well represented in all 3 natural resource management (NRM) regions and Kurosols are more prevalent in the NRM North and South Regions. Tasmania has a greater proportion of Ferrosols (8.4%) than the whole of Australia (0.8%) and these soils are some of the most productive in Tasmania with >25 000 ha used for cropping. Hydrosols (3.7%) are probably underestimated. Chromosol

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Barnes, Phoebe, Brian R. Wilson, Chris Nadolny, and Ivor Growns. "The influence of individual native trees and grazing regime on soil properties and groundcover patterns in a temperate landscape of New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 4 (2009): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09017.

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Scattered native trees are a significant ecological resource across the agricultural landscape, yet their numbers are declining due to factors such as dieback, senescence and agricultural activity. This study examined the interactions among Eucalyptus melliodora (Cunn. ex Schauer) trees, vegetation composition and selected surface soil chemical properties in grazed and ungrazed paddocks on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Four farms on granite soils were examined in grazed and ungrazed treatments. Vegetation composition was assessed, and soil samples were collected in plo

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Graham, S., B. R. Wilson, N. Reid, and H. Jones. "Scattered paddock trees, litter chemistry, and surface soil properties in pastures of the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Soil Research 42, no. 8 (2004): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03065.

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Scattered paddock trees are widespread throughout rural Australia but their effect on soil conditions has received only limited research attention. This study investigated the influence of 3 Eucalyptus species on surface soil properties on different parent materials at both stocked and unstocked sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Mineral soil samples to a depth of 5 cm were collected at intervals up to twice the canopy radius away from tree trunks and litter samples were collected at corresponding points. Mineral soils were analysed for pH (CaCl2), organic carbon (C), and ext

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Pate, J. S., W. H. Verboom, and P. D. Galloway. "Co-occurrence of Proteaceae, laterite and related oligotrophic soils: coincidental associations or causative inter-relationships?" Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 5 (2001): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00086.

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This communication presents the hypothesis that certain Australian lateritic and related oligotrophic soils may have been partly derived biotically from soluble iron-rich complexes generated following secretion of low-molecular weight organic acids by phosphate-absorbing specialised proteoid (cluster) roots of proteaceous plants. Subsequent precipitation of the iron is then pictured as occurring onto the oxide rinds of developing laterite after consumption of the organic components of the complexes by soil bacteria. The hypothesis is f irst examined in relation to current theories of origins o

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Ross, Ian L., Younes Alami, Paul R. Harvey, Wafa Achouak, and Maarten H. Ryder. "Genetic Diversity and Biological Control Activity of Novel Species of Closely Related Pseudomonads Isolated from Wheat Field Soils in South Australia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1609-1616.2000.

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ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria closely related to two recently described species of pseudomonads, Pseudomonas brassicacearum andPseudomonas thivervalensis, were isolated from two geographically distinct wheat field soils in South Australia. Isolation was undertaken by either selective plating or immunotrapping utilizing a polyclonal antibody raised against P. brassicacearum. A subset of 42 isolates were characterized by amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), BIOLOG analysis, and gas chromatography-fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis and separated into closely related phenetic

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42

Franco, CMM, ME Tate, and JM Oades. "Studies on non-wetting sands .1. The role of intrinsic particulate organic-matter in the development of water-repellency in non-wetting sands." Soil Research 33, no. 2 (1995): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950253.

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The bulk of the organic matter in sands from the south-east of South Australia is present as discrete particles which constitute 4-6% of the mass of the sand. Hydrophobic particulate organic matter was separated from non-wetting sand obtained from two sites in the south-east of South Australia and characterized with respect to size and ability to induce water-repellency. When heated with both a wettable acid washed sand and a natural sand (non-wetting sand washed free of particulate organic matter), the intrinsic particulate organic matter induced strong water-repellence. The degree of hydroph

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Culvenor, Richard A., Stuart Kemp, and Kevin F. M. Reed. "Characterisation of Sardinian germplasm of the perennial pasture grass Phalaris aquatica." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 9 (2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20216.

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Germplasm of the perennial pasture grass Phalaris aquatica L., from Sardinia, Italy, is a potentially valuable source for grass breeders owing to climatic similarities to regions where P. aquatica is used, a relatively high incidence of acidic soils, and exposure to prolonged grazing pressure. At field sites in south-eastern Australia, Sardinian accessions were compared as spaced plants and drill-rows with accessions from southern Europe and north-western Africa and with commercial cultivars. They were also evaluated in grazed swards at three sites over 4 years under conditions that challenge

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44

Rosicky, Mark A., Leigh A. Sullivan, Peter G. Slavich, and Mike Hughes. "Soil properties in and around acid sulfate soil scalds in the coastal floodplains of New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 42, no. 6 (2004): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03078.

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Soil profiles in 10 persistently bare areas (i.e. scalds), mainly located in coastal backswamps of New South Wales, Australia, were examined for chromium-reducible sulfur content and selected chemical properties. At 5 of the sites, the adjacent paddocks with vegetation cover were also examined. All of the tested sites had been affected by the extensive drainage of the surrounding acid sulfate soil (ASS) landscapes and the consequent oxidation of pyrite. All sites had low pH values in the surface soil layers and these low pH values extended for up to 150 cm into the underlying unoxidised blue/g

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CHEN, G., G. D. LI, M. K. CONYERS, and B. R. CULLIS. "LONG-TERM LIMING REGIME INCREASES PRIME LAMB PRODUCTION ON ACID SOILS." Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 2 (April 2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007497.

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SUMMARYPrime lamb live weight response to lime application on pasture was measured in a grazing experiment in the high rainfall zone of the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The pastures were limed every 6 years over 15 years. First cross South African Meat Merino lambs were used as test animals. Pre- and post-grazing pasture dry matter (DM) yield, botanical composition, feed quality and lamb live weight were monitored over 12 weeks in 2007. Results showed that liming significantly increased pasture DM yield of high quality species and improved overall pasture quality due to i

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46

Le, Thi Minh Hue, An Ninh Pham, Richard N. Collins, and T. David Waite. "Impact of soil consolidation and solution composition on the hydraulic properties of coastal acid sulfate soils." Soil Research 46, no. 2 (2008): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07119.

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Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are distributed worldwide on coastal floodplains, presenting a great challenge to coastal development and urbanisation. Upon oxidation, these soils become stratified with visibly distinguishable soil strata that are progressively less oxidised with depth. In this study, the geotechnical properties, quantified by hydraulic conductivity and consolidation coefficient, of an ASS profile from the Tweed River floodplain, north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, were investigated at a laboratory scale and compared with results obtained from the field. Measurements were condu

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Baker, G. H., P. J. Carter, and V. J. Barrett. "Survival and biomass of exotic earthworms, Aporrectodea spp. (Lumbricidae), when introduced to pastures in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98181.

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The earthworm fauna of pastures in south-eastern Australia is dominated by exotic lumbricid earthworms, in particular the endogeic species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides. Anecic species such as A. longa are very rare. All 3 species were introduced within cages in 10 pastures on a range of soil types within the region. Five months later, A. longa had generally survived the best and A. trapezoides the worst. The survivals and weights of individual worms varied between sites for all 3 species. The survivals of A. caliginosa and A. longa, and to a lesser extent A. trapezoides, were po

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Amaral, Valter, Henrique N. Cabral, and Melanie J. Bishop. "Effect of runoff from acid-sulfate soils on pneumatophores of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 8 (2011): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11003.

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Runoff from acid-sulfate soils (ASS) is increasingly threatening the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Along the eastern coast of Australia, sulfuric acid is known to affect the growth and survival of mangrove saplings; however, impacts of ASS runoff on the structure and function of established mangrove trees are unclear. Pneumatophores, the aerial roots produced by some species of mangrove, are critical sites of gas exchange, allowing these species to persist in waterlogged soils. They also provide physical structure in estuarine sediments, facilitating communities of

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Ward, P. R. "Predicting the impact of perennial phases on average leakage from farming systems in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04137.

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Rising watertables and dryland salinity in southern Australia are due to excess groundwater recharge after the replacement of native vegetation by annual crops and pastures. The inclusion of perennial plants into agricultural systems has been proposed as a possible method of recharge reduction, through the creation of a buffer (extra water storage capacity generated by the perennial in comparison with an annual crop or pasture). However, the role of perennial phases under conditions of highly episodic leakage is not well understood. In this paper, a simple Leakage/Buffer Model (LeBuM) was deve

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Rosicky, Mark A., Peter Slavich, Leigh A. Sullivan, and Mike Hughes. "Surface and sub-surface salinity in and around acid sulfate soil scalds in the coastal floodplains of New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 44, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05027.

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Two-metre-deep soil profiles at 10 acid sulfate soil (ASS) scalds along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were examined for salinity indicators. At 5 of the sites, permanently vegetated areas adjacent to the ASS-scalded land were also tested. Throughout the profiles, most sites had high soluble chloride (Cl−) concentrations (≤17 mg/g soil) and high soluble sulfate (SO42−) concentrations (≤17 mg/g soil). Very low Cl− : SO42− ratios (≤3) indicated active pyrite oxidation. Soil salinity (measured as electrical conductivity, EC) was extremely high in the top 2 m of most of the ASS sca

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