Rozprawy doktorskie: „Additive Gaussian noise”

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Argyriou, Andreas. "Probability of symbol error for coherent and non-coherent detection of M-ary frequency-shift keyed (MFSK) signals affected by co-channel interference and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in a fading channel." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA376826.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000. Thesis advisor(s): Lebaric, Jovan; Robertson, Clark. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289). Also available online.

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Fougias, Nikolaos. "High speed network access to the last-mile using fixed broadband wireless." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FFougias.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management and M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004. Thesis advisor(s): Burt Lundy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100). Also available online.

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Erdogan, Ahmet Yasin. "Analysis of the effects of phase noise and frequency offset in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1712.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is being successfully used in numerous applications. It was chosen for IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) standard, and it is being considered for the fourthgeneration mobile communication systems. Along with its many attractive features, OFDM has some principal drawbacks. Sensitivity to frequency errors is the most dominant of these drawbacks. In this thesis, the frequency offset and phase noise effects on OFDM based communication systems are investigated under a variety of channel conditions covering both indoor and outdoor environments. The simulation performance results of the OFDM system for these channels are presented. Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy

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Chen, Jui-Chun. "A virtual RSNS direction finding antenna system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FChen%5FJui.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004. Thesis Advisor(s): David C. Jenn, Phillip E. Pace. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available online.

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Čermák, Josef. "Modelování rušení pro xDSL." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217281.

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This work is focused on the subject of the interference modelling for xDSL technologies. First, the xDSL technologies are explained. Following is the presentation and description of the different kinds of the xDSL technologies. The next part deals with the basic parameters of metallic cable lines – especially the primary and secondary parameters. Nowadays wider bandwidths are used for the achievement of higher data transmission rates. During a higher frequency signal transmission a more intensive line attenuation appears. To identify the transfer characteristics of the lines while using an xDSL system, mathematic models of transmission lines are applied. That is why these mathematic models are dealt with in the next chapter. At the end of this section the mathematic models are compared using the modular and phase characteristics. The main aim of the work is to describe the different impacts which influence the efficiency of the xDSL systems. First, the causes interfering from the inside of the cable are deeply explained: Near End Crosstalk (NEXT), Far End Crosstalk (FEXT), Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Following is the explanation of the external interfering impacts: Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and Impulse Noise. The next goal of this thesis is a design of a workstation for the tests of spectral features and the efficiency of the xDSL systems. The work also presents a designed GUI application and its description. The GUI application is an instrument for the choice or data entry of the final interference. The last chapter describes a realization of a measurement and shows the measured characteristics which were recorded on the ADSL tester and oscilloscope.

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Novotný, František. "Analýza a modelování přeslechů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220322.

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The thesis concerns the problem of interference modelling for xDSL technologies and Ethernet. The introduction describes the origin of crosstalk, that arise during the operation of the systems and the physical properties of the lines, therefore, the next section describes the properties of the primary and secondary parameters of the homogenous line and their modelling. In order to achieve higher data rates on the metallic line, systems with larger frequency spectrum are applied, resulting in a greater attenuation of the line. This issue and the characteristics determination of the transmission systems are subjects of the mathematical models, which are divided according to the modelling of primary or secondary parameters. The main goal of this work is to describe the effects which influence the performance of data transfer via xDSL and Ethernet technology focusing on internal and external disturbances acting on the cable lines. This is the crosstalk at the near and far end, adaptive white noise, radio frequency interference RFI and impulse noise. Following part of the thesis deals with the properties of xDSL technologies, specifically ADSL2+ and VDSL2 and Ethernet. Another aim is to design applications which enable to test the performance of xDSL and Ethernet transmission systems with its own award simulations interference. The conclusion describes the design and implementation of laboratory experiments for measuring of the efficiency and spectral properties of xDSL. The proposed laboratory protocols are annexed to this thesis, including the measured waveforms.

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Barkat, Braham. "Design, estimation and performance of time-frequency distributions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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Shang, Lei, and lei shang@ieee org. "Modelling of Mobile Fading Channels with Fading Mitigation Techniques." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061222.113303.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the developments of wireless communication systems. The work generally consists of three parts: the first part is a discussion on general digital communication systems, the second part focuses on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques, and in the third part we discuss the possible application of advanced digital signal processing, especially time-frequency representation and blind source separation, to wireless communication systems. The first part considers general digital communication systems which will be incorporated in later parts. Today's wireless communication system is a subbranch of a general digital communication system that employs various techniques of A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion, source coding, error correction, coding, modulation, and synchronization, signal detection in noise, channel estimation, and equalization. We study and develop the digital communication algorithms to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. In the Second Part we focus on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques. A modified Jakes' method is developed for Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate the level-crossing rate (LCR), the average duration of fades (ADF), the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of this model. The simulated results are verified against the analytical Clarke's channel model. We also construct frequency-selective geometrical-based hyperbolically distributed scatterers (GBHDS) for a macro-cell mobile environment with the proper statistical characteristics. The modified Clarke's model and the GBHDS model may be readily expanded to a MIMO channel model thus we study the MIMO fading channel, specifically we model the MIMO channel in the angular domain. A detailed analysis of Gauss-Markov approximation of the fading channel is also given. Two fading mitigation techniques are investigated: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and spatial diversity. In the Third Part, we devote ourselves to the exciting fields of Time-Frequency Analysis and Blind Source Separation and investigate the application of these powerful Digital Signal Processing (DSP) tools to improve the performance of wireless communication systems.

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Sucic, Victor. "Parameters selection for optimising time-frequency distributions and measurements of time-frequency characteristics of nonstationary signals." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15834/1/Victor_Sucic_Thesis.pdf.

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The quadratic class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) forms a set of tools which allow to effectively extract important information from a nonstationary signal. To determine which TFD best represents the given signal, it is a common practice to visually compare different TFDs' time-frequency plots, and select as best the TFD with the most appealing plot. This visual comparison is not only subjective, but also difficult and unreliable especially when signal components are closely-spaced in the time-frequency plane. To objectively compare TFDs, a quantitative performance measure should be used. Several measures of concentration/complexity have been proposed in the literature. However, those measures by being derived with certain theoretical assumptions about TFDs are generally not suitable for the TFD selection problem encountered in practical applications. The non-existence of practically-valuable measures for TFDs' resolution comparison, and hence the non-existence of methodologies for the signal optimal TFD selection, has significantly limited the use of time-frequency tools in practice. In this thesis, by extending and complementing the concept of spectral resolution to the case of nonstationary signals, and by redefining the set of TFDs' properties desirable for practical applications, we define an objective measure to quantify the quality of TFDs. This local measure of TFDs' resolution performance combines all important signal time-varying parameters, along with TFDs' characteristics that influence their resolution. Methodologies for automatically selecting a TFD which best suits a given signal, including real-life signals, are also developed. The optimisation of the resolution performances of TFDs, by modifying their kernel filter parameters to enhance the TFDs' resolution capabilities, is an important prerequisite in satisfying any additional application-specific requirements by the TFDs. The resolution performance measure and the accompanying TFDs' comparison criteria allow to improve procedures for designing high-resolution quadratic TFDs for practical time-frequency analysis. The separable kernel TFDs, designed in this way, are shown to best resolve closely-spaced components for various classes of synthetic and real-life signals that we have analysed.

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Sucic, Victor. "Parameters Selection for Optimising Time-Frequency Distributions and Measurements of Time-Frequency Characteristics of Nonstationary Signals." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15834/.

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The quadratic class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) forms a set of tools which allow to effectively extract important information from a nonstationary signal. To determine which TFD best represents the given signal, it is a common practice to visually compare different TFDs' time-frequency plots, and select as best the TFD with the most appealing plot. This visual comparison is not only subjective, but also difficult and unreliable especially when signal components are closely-spaced in the time-frequency plane. To objectively compare TFDs, a quantitative performance measure should be used. Several measures of concentration/complexity have been proposed in the literature. However, those measures by being derived with certain theoretical assumptions about TFDs are generally not suitable for the TFD selection problem encountered in practical applications. The non-existence of practically-valuable measures for TFDs' resolution comparison, and hence the non-existence of methodologies for the signal optimal TFD selection, has significantly limited the use of time-frequency tools in practice. In this thesis, by extending and complementing the concept of spectral resolution to the case of nonstationary signals, and by redefining the set of TFDs' properties desirable for practical applications, we define an objective measure to quantify the quality of TFDs. This local measure of TFDs' resolution performance combines all important signal time-varying parameters, along with TFDs' characteristics that influence their resolution. Methodologies for automatically selecting a TFD which best suits a given signal, including real-life signals, are also developed. The optimisation of the resolution performances of TFDs, by modifying their kernel filter parameters to enhance the TFDs' resolution capabilities, is an important prerequisite in satisfying any additional application-specific requirements by the TFDs. The resolution performance measure and the accompanying TFDs' comparison criteria allow to improve procedures for designing high-resolution quadratic TFDs for practical time-frequency analysis. The separable kernel TFDs, designed in this way, are shown to best resolve closely-spaced components for various classes of synthetic and real-life signals that we have analysed.

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Hussain, Zahir M. "Adaptive instantaneous frequency estimation: Techniques and algorithms." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36137/7/36137_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis deals with the problem of the instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation of sinusoidal signals. This topic plays significant role in signal processing and communications. Depending on the type of the signal, two major approaches are considered. For IF estimation of single-tone or digitally-modulated sinusoidal signals (like frequency shift keying signals) the approach of digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) is considered, and this is Part-I of this thesis. For FM signals the approach of time-frequency analysis is considered, and this is Part-II of the thesis. In part-I we have utilized sinusoidal DPLLs with non-uniform sampling scheme as this type is widely used in communication systems. The digital tanlock loop (DTL) has introduced significant advantages over other existing DPLLs. In the last 10 years many efforts have been made to improve DTL performance. However, this loop and all of its modifications utilizes Hilbert transformer (HT) to produce a signal-independent 90-degree phase-shifted version of the input signal. Hilbert transformer can be realized approximately using a finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter. This realization introduces further complexity in the loop in addition to approximations and frequency limitations on the input signal. We have tried to avoid practical difficulties associated with the conventional tanlock scheme while keeping its advantages. A time-delay is utilized in the tanlock scheme of DTL to produce a signal-dependent phase shift. This gave rise to the time-delay digital tanlock loop (TDTL). Fixed point theorems are used to analyze the behavior of the new loop. As such TDTL combines the two major approaches in DPLLs: the non-linear approach of sinusoidal DPLL based on fixed point analysis, and the linear tanlock approach based on the arctan phase detection. TDTL preserves the main advantages of the DTL despite its reduced structure. An application of TDTL in FSK demodulation is also considered. This idea of replacing HT by a time-delay may be of interest in other signal processing systems. Hence we have analyzed and compared the behaviors of the HT and the time-delay in the presence of additive Gaussian noise. Based on the above analysis, the behavior of the first and second-order TDTLs has been analyzed in additive Gaussian noise. Since DPLLs need time for locking, they are normally not efficient in tracking the continuously changing frequencies of non-stationary signals, i.e. signals with time-varying spectra. Nonstationary signals are of importance in synthetic and real life applications. An example is the frequency-modulated (FM) signals widely used in communication systems. Part-II of this thesis is dedicated for the IF estimation of non-stationary signals. For such signals the classical spectral techniques break down, due to the time-varying nature of their spectra, and more advanced techniques should be utilized. For the purpose of instantaneous frequency estimation of non-stationary signals there are two major approaches: parametric and non-parametric. We chose the non-parametric approach which is based on time-frequency analysis. This approach is computationally less expensive and more effective in dealing with multicomponent signals, which are the main aim of this part of the thesis. A time-frequency distribution (TFD) of a signal is a two-dimensional transformation of the signal to the time-frequency domain. Multicomponent signals can be identified by multiple energy peaks in the time-frequency domain. Many real life and synthetic signals are of multicomponent nature and there is little in the literature concerning IF estimation of such signals. This is why we have concentrated on multicomponent signals in Part-H. An adaptive algorithm for IF estimation using the quadratic time-frequency distributions has been analyzed. A class of time-frequency distributions that are more suitable for this purpose has been proposed. The kernels of this class are time-only or one-dimensional, rather than the time-lag (two-dimensional) kernels. Hence this class has been named as the T -class. If the parameters of these TFDs are properly chosen, they are more efficient than the existing fixed-kernel TFDs in terms of resolution (energy concentration around the IF) and artifacts reduction. The T-distributions has been used in the IF adaptive algorithm and proved to be efficient in tracking rapidly changing frequencies. They also enables direct amplitude estimation for the components of a multicomponent

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Alfadly, Modar. "Analytic Treatment of Deep Neural Networks Under Additive Gaussian Noise." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627554.

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Despite the impressive performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) on numerous vision tasks, they still exhibit yet-to-understand uncouth behaviours. One puzzling behaviour is the reaction of DNNs to various noise attacks, where it has been shown that there exist small adversarial noise that can result in a severe degradation in the performance of DNNs. To rigorously treat this, we derive exact analytic expressions for the first and second moments (mean and variance) of a small piecewise linear (PL) network with a single rectified linear unit (ReLU) layer subject to general Gaussian input. We experimentally show that these expressions are tight under simple linearizations of deeper PL-DNNs, especially popular architectures in the literature (e.g. LeNet and AlexNet). Extensive experiments on image classification show that these expressions can be used to study the behaviour of the output mean of the logits for each class, the inter-class confusion and the pixel-level spatial noise sensitivity of the network. Moreover, we show how these expressions can be used to systematically construct targeted and non-targeted adversarial attacks. Then, we proposed a special estimator DNN, named mixture of linearizations (MoL), and derived the analytic expressions for its output mean and variance, as well. We employed these expressions to train the model to be particularly robust against Gaussian attacks without the need for data augmentation. Upon training this network on a loss that is consolidated with the derived output probabilistic moments, the network is not only robust under very high variance Gaussian attacks but is also as robust as networks that are trained with 20 fold data augmentation.

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Mathur, Aashish. "Performance evaluation of PLC systems under non- gaussian additive noise." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7183.

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Lam, Carson Y. H. "Multiple copy combining schemes for the additive white Gaussian noise channel." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3366.

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A generalized version of a memory automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme [15-221 using hard, soft, and completely soft detection is examined. The communication channel is modeled as an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The following six combining schemes are considered. In Scheme 1, error detection is performed on each of the n received copies. In Scheme 2, all n copies are combined and error detection is performed on the resulting packet. Scheme 3 uses Scheme 1 followed by Scheme 2 (if decoding using Scheme 1 is not successful). In Scheme 4, each incoming packet is combined with the copies received so far, and the resulting combined packet is checked for errors. Scheme 5 uses Schemes 1 followed by Scheme 4. The last scheme, Scheme 6, attempts decoding on up to all 2n- I possible combinations of the received copies. For an arbitrary detector quantization, analytic expressions for the retransmission probability, PϜ of Scheme 3 are derived, and numerical procedures for evaluating the PϜ of Schemes 4, 5 and 6 are described. Numerical examples showing the dependence of PϜ on various parameters, such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of transmissions n, number of quantization levels M and packet length L are given. Although Scheme 6 has the lowest PϜ its decoding complexity increases exponentially with n. The six combining schemes are applied to the Weldon ARQ scheme [13,14,22] It is found that the throughput T is generally improved using multiple copy combining schemes. The throughput can be further increased by using a soft detector. For block error rates BKER > 0.5 and soft detectors, the throughputs of Schemes 2 to 6 are typically higher than that of an ideal selective repeat ARQ system with no packet combining. In general, Scheme 3 appears to be a good choice among all the six schemes with a good performance and a simple decoder structure.

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Ying-Chun, Lai. "A High Performance Additive White Gaussian Noise Generator Using the Wallace Method." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0016-0109200613413708.

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Lai, Ying-Chun, and 賴穎群. "A High Performance Additive White Gaussian Noise Generator Using the Wallace Method." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08665437379888732157.

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碩士 國立清華大學 電機工程學系 94 Combining the Box-Muller method, Central Limit Theorem, and the Wallace method, a hardware white Gaussian noise generator (WGNG) is proposed to simulate the noise effect appeared in the communication channel and is synthesized in a 0.18um CMOS process. Passing two statistical tests of chi-square test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, the proposed noise generator can generate high-quality 666.667 million Gaussian random variables per second. It is different from the existing methods that require complex calculations. The proposed design only requires additions, subtractions, and shift operation in the major part. Because of only having simple operations, it is easy to achieve high performance. In addition, the proposed architecture is not only applied to generate the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), but also applied to generate the random variables with other distributions such as exponential distributions.

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"Efficient communication over additive white Gaussian noise and intersymbol interference channels using chaotic sequences." Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/4155.

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Brian Chen. Also issued as Thesis (M. S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103). Supported in part by the Dept. of the Navy, Office of the Chief Naval Research. N0014-93-1-0686 Supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency's RASSP program. N00014-95-1-0834 Supported in part by a National Defence Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship.

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Chang, Hui-Ting, and 張惠婷. "Molecular Communication in Fluid Media: Bounds on the Capacity of the Additive Inverse Gaussian Noise Channel." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59694660019598126650.

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碩士 國立交通大學 電信工程研究所 101 In this thesis a very recent and new channel model is investigated that describes communication based on the exchange of chemical molecules in a liquid medium with constant drift. They travel from the transmitter to the receiver at two ends of a one-dimensional axis. A typical application of such communication are nano- devices inside a blood vessel communicating with each other. In this case, we no longer transmit our signal via electromegnetic waves, but we put our information on the emission time of the molecules. Once a molecule is emitted in the fluid medium, it will be affected by Brownian motion, which causes uncertainty of the molecule’s arrival time at the receiver. We characterize this noise with an inverse Gaussian distribution. Here we focus solely on an additive noise channel to describe the fundamental channel capacity behavior. This new model is investigated and new analytical upper and lower bounds on the capacity are presented. The bounds are asymptotically tight, i.e., if the average- delay constraint is loosened to infinity or if the drift velocity of the liquid medium tends to infinity, the corresponding asymptotic capacities are derived precisely.

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Lee, Ting-Hsuan, and 李庭萱. "Molecular Communication in a Liquid: Bounds on the Capacity of the Additive Inverse Gaussian Noise Channel with Average and Peak Delay Constraints." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10218580962387516954.

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碩士 國立交通大學 電信工程研究所 101 In this thesis a very recent and new channel model is investigated that describes communication based on the exchange of chemical molecules in a liquid medium with constant drift. The molecules travel from the transmitter to the receiver at two ends of a one-dimensional axis. A typical application of such communication are nano-devices inside a blood vessel communicating with each other. In this case, we no longer transmit our signal via electromagnetic waves, but we encode our information into the emission time of the molecules. Once a molecule is emitted in the fluid medium, it will be affected by Brownian motion, which causes uncertainty of the molecule’s arrival time at the receiver. We characterize this noise with an inverse Gaussian distribution. Here we focus solely on an additive noise channel to describe the fundamental channel capacity behavior with average and peak delay constraints. This new model is investigated and new analytical upper and lower bounds on the capacity are presented. The bounds are asymptotically tight, i.e., if the average-delay and peak-delay constraints are loosened to infinity, the corresponding asymptotic capacities are derived precisely.

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Σινάνης, Σπύρος. "Εκτίμηση συχνότητας απλών ημιτονοειδών σημάτων υπό την παρουσία λευκού γκαουσιανού θορύβου". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5391.

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Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επιχειρείται η ανάλυση και η εκτίμηση της συχνότητας απλών ημιτονοειδών σημάτων υπό την παρουσία λευκού Γκαουσιανού θορύβου (AWGN).Η εκτίμηση παραμέτρων απλών ημιτονοειδών σημάτων υπό την παρουσία προσθετικού Γκαουσιανού θορύβου αποτελεί ένα κλασσικό πρόβλημα και σημαντικό αντικείμενο μελέτης εξαιτίας της πληθώρας των εφαρμογών που έχει στην θεωρία ελέγχου, στην επεξεργασία σημάτων, στις ψηφιακές επικοινωνίες, στην βιοϊατρική τεχνολογία κ.α.Η εκτίμηση της συχνότητας είναι συνήθως το θέμα ‘ζωτικής σημασίας’ του προβλήματος για δύο σημαντικούς λόγους. Αφ’ενός οι συχνότητες πρέπει να εκτιμηθούν διότι αποτελούν μη-γραμμικές συναρτήσεις στην ληφθείσα ακολουθία δεδομένων και αφ’ ετέρου έχοντας καθοριστεί οι συχνότητες, οι υπόλοιπες παράμετροι του σήματος όπως είναι το πλάτος και η φάση του, μπορούν να υπολογιστούν άμεσα. Αρχικά γίνεται μία σύντομη εισαγωγή στις βασικές έννοιες πάνω στις οποίες δομείται η εκτίμηση παραμέτρων ενός ημιτονοειδούς σήματος και έπειτα παρουσιάζονται μερικοί αλγόριθμοι εκτίμησης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα παρουσιάζεται η διαδικασία κατασκευής τους και αναλύονται οι επιδόσεις τους. Τέλος παραθέτουμε και προσομοιώσεις μέσω υπολογιστή για κάθε αλγόριθμο ξεχωριστά και συγκρίνουμε την επίδοση του καθενός με τους υπόλοιπους. Από την σύγκριση αυτή γίνεται εξαγωγή χρήσιμων συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με τον προσδιορισμό των παραμέτρων κάθε αλγόριθμου αλλά και με την καταλληλότητα κάθε αλγόριθμου για συγκεκριμένες συνθήκες θορύβου. In this thesis attempts to analyze and estimate the frequency of single sinusoid signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Parameter estimation of sinusoids has been a classical problem and it is still an important research topic because of its numerous applications in multiple disciplines such as control theory, signal processing, digital communications, biomedical engineering etc. Estimation of the frequencies is often the crucial step in the problem for two principally reasons. Firstly, frequencies should be estimated because they are nonlinear functions in the received data sequence and secondly, once frequencies have been determined, the remaining parameters, such as amplitude and phase, can then be computed straightforwardly. Primarily we introduce some basic concepts on parameters estimation of sinusoid signals and then several estimation algorithms. More specifically shows the fabrication process of these algorithms and analyze their performance. Finally, we quote computer simulations for each algorithm separately and compare their performance. From these comparisons we can draw conclusions on the determination of parameters for each algorithm and the appropriateness of algorithms for specific noise conditions.

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Deshpande, Naveen. "Constellation Constrained Capacity For Two-User Broadcast Channels." Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1281.

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A Broadcast Channel is a communication path between a single source and two or more receivers or users. The source intends to communicate independent information to the users. A particular case of interest is the Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC) where the noise at each user is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The capacity region of GBC is well known and the input to the channel is distributed as Gaussian. The capacity region of another special case of GBC namely Fading Broadcast Channel (FBC)was given in [Li and Goldsmith, 2001]and was shown that superposition of Gaussian codes is optimal for the FBC (treated as a vector degraded Broadcast Channel). The capacity region obtained when the input to the channel is distributed uniformly over a finite alphabet(Constellation)is termed as Constellation Constrained(CC) capacity region [Biglieri 2005]. In this thesis the CC capacity region for two-user GBC and the FBC are obtained. In case of GBC the idea of superposition coding with input from finite alphabet and CC capacity was explored in [Hupert and Bossert, 2007]but with some limitations. When the participating individual signal sets are nearly equal i.e., given total average power constraint P the rate reward α (also the power sharing parameter) is approximately equal to 0.5, we show via simulation that with rotation of one of the signal sets by an appropriate angle the CC capacity region is maximally enlarged. We analytically derive the expression for optimal angle of rotation. In case of FBC a heuristic power allocation procedure called finite-constellation power allocation procedure is provided through which it is shown (via simulation)that the ergodic CC capacity region thus obtained completely subsumes the ergodic CC capacity region obtained by allocating power using the procedure given in[Li and Goldsmith, 2001].It is shown through simulations that rotating one of the signal sets by an optimal angle (obtained by trial and error method)for a given α maximally enlarges the ergodic CC capacity region when finite-constellation power allocation is used. An expression for determining the optimal angle of rotation for the given fading state, is obtained. And the effect of rotation is maximum around the region corresponding to α =0.5. For both GBC and FBC superposition coding is done at the transmitter and successive decoding is carried out at the receivers.

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Deshpande, Naveen. "Constellation Constrained Capacity For Two-User Broadcast Channels." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1281.

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A Broadcast Channel is a communication path between a single source and two or more receivers or users. The source intends to communicate independent information to the users. A particular case of interest is the Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC) where the noise at each user is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The capacity region of GBC is well known and the input to the channel is distributed as Gaussian. The capacity region of another special case of GBC namely Fading Broadcast Channel (FBC)was given in [Li and Goldsmith, 2001]and was shown that superposition of Gaussian codes is optimal for the FBC (treated as a vector degraded Broadcast Channel). The capacity region obtained when the input to the channel is distributed uniformly over a finite alphabet(Constellation)is termed as Constellation Constrained(CC) capacity region [Biglieri 2005]. In this thesis the CC capacity region for two-user GBC and the FBC are obtained. In case of GBC the idea of superposition coding with input from finite alphabet and CC capacity was explored in [Hupert and Bossert, 2007]but with some limitations. When the participating individual signal sets are nearly equal i.e., given total average power constraint P the rate reward α (also the power sharing parameter) is approximately equal to 0.5, we show via simulation that with rotation of one of the signal sets by an appropriate angle the CC capacity region is maximally enlarged. We analytically derive the expression for optimal angle of rotation. In case of FBC a heuristic power allocation procedure called finite-constellation power allocation procedure is provided through which it is shown (via simulation)that the ergodic CC capacity region thus obtained completely subsumes the ergodic CC capacity region obtained by allocating power using the procedure given in[Li and Goldsmith, 2001].It is shown through simulations that rotating one of the signal sets by an optimal angle (obtained by trial and error method)for a given α maximally enlarges the ergodic CC capacity region when finite-constellation power allocation is used. An expression for determining the optimal angle of rotation for the given fading state, is obtained. And the effect of rotation is maximum around the region corresponding to α =0.5. For both GBC and FBC superposition coding is done at the transmitter and successive decoding is carried out at the receivers.

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29

Oliveira, João Manuel Barbosa de. "Receiver design for nonlinearly distorted OFDM : signals applications in radio-over-fiber systems." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63386.

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Oliveira, João Manuel Barbosa de. "Receiver design for nonlinearly distorted OFDM : signals applications in radio-over-fiber systems." Tese, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63386.

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Antony, Daniel Sanju. "Performance Analysis of Non Local Means Algorithm using Hardware Accelerators." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2932.

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Image De-noising forms an integral part of image processing. It is used as a standalone algorithm for improving the quality of the image obtained through camera as well as a starting stage for image processing applications like face recognition, super resolution etc. Non Local Means (NL-Means) and Bilateral Filter are two computationally complex de-noising algorithms which could provide good de-noising results. Due to its computational complexity, the real time applications associated with these letters are limited. In this thesis, we propose the use of hardware accelerators such as GPU (Graphics Processing Units) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) to speed up the filter execution and efficiently implement using them. GPU based implementation of these letters is carried out using Open Computing Language (Open CL). The basic objective of this research is to perform high speed de-noising without compromising on the quality. Here we implement a basic NL-Means filter, a Fast NL-Means filter, and Bilateral filter using Gauss Polynomial decomposition on GPU. We also propose a modification to the existing NL-Means algorithm and Gauss Polynomial Bilateral filter. Instead of Gaussian Spatial Kernel used in standard algorithm, Box Spatial kernel is introduced to improve the speed of execution of the algorithm. This research work is a step forward towards making the real time implementation of these algorithms possible. It has been found from results that the NL-Means implementation on GPU using Open CL is about 25x faster than regular CPU based implementation for larger images (1024x1024). For Fast NL-Means, GPU based implementation is about 90x faster than CPU implementation. Even with the improved execution time, the embedded system application of the NL-Means is limited due to the power and thermal restrictions of the GPU device. In order to create a low power and faster implementation, we have implemented the algorithm on FPGA. FPGAs are reconfigurable devices and enable us to create a custom architecture for the parallel execution of the algorithm. It was found that the execution time for smaller images (256x256) is about 200x faster than CPU implementation and about 25x faster than GPU execution. Moreover the power requirements of the FPGA design of the algorithm (0.53W) is much less compared to CPU(30W) and GPU(200W).

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32

Antony, Daniel Sanju. "Performance Analysis of Non Local Means Algorithm using Hardware Accelerators." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2932.

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Image De-noising forms an integral part of image processing. It is used as a standalone algorithm for improving the quality of the image obtained through camera as well as a starting stage for image processing applications like face recognition, super resolution etc. Non Local Means (NL-Means) and Bilateral Filter are two computationally complex de-noising algorithms which could provide good de-noising results. Due to its computational complexity, the real time applications associated with these letters are limited. In this thesis, we propose the use of hardware accelerators such as GPU (Graphics Processing Units) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) to speed up the filter execution and efficiently implement using them. GPU based implementation of these letters is carried out using Open Computing Language (Open CL). The basic objective of this research is to perform high speed de-noising without compromising on the quality. Here we implement a basic NL-Means filter, a Fast NL-Means filter, and Bilateral filter using Gauss Polynomial decomposition on GPU. We also propose a modification to the existing NL-Means algorithm and Gauss Polynomial Bilateral filter. Instead of Gaussian Spatial Kernel used in standard algorithm, Box Spatial kernel is introduced to improve the speed of execution of the algorithm. This research work is a step forward towards making the real time implementation of these algorithms possible. It has been found from results that the NL-Means implementation on GPU using Open CL is about 25x faster than regular CPU based implementation for larger images (1024x1024). For Fast NL-Means, GPU based implementation is about 90x faster than CPU implementation. Even with the improved execution time, the embedded system application of the NL-Means is limited due to the power and thermal restrictions of the GPU device. In order to create a low power and faster implementation, we have implemented the algorithm on FPGA. FPGAs are reconfigurable devices and enable us to create a custom architecture for the parallel execution of the algorithm. It was found that the execution time for smaller images (256x256) is about 200x faster than CPU implementation and about 25x faster than GPU execution. Moreover the power requirements of the FPGA design of the algorithm (0.53W) is much less compared to CPU(30W) and GPU(200W).

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33

Tseng, Shao-Yu, and 曾紹瑜. "Equalization of the Correlated Additive Gaussian Noises on the Wireless Links of Sensor Networks." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50206154450560347813.

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碩士 國立交通大學 電信工程系所 94 Distributed classification fusion using error correcting codes(DCFECC) has recently been proposed for wireless sensor networks operating in a harsh environment. It has been shown to provide a considerable fault-tolerance capability against unexpected sensor faults under limited energy support. In this thesis, we extend the DCFECC approach by relaxing the assumption of independently and identically distributed wireless link noises to correlated ones. Through channel estimation and equalization, we obtain a fault-tolerant minimum Euclidean distance (MED) fusion rule suitable for use under correlated wireless link noises. A simple code search criterion is also proposed to make the code matrix design feasible with acceptable computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed MED fusion rule truly achieves the desired robustness against sensor faults under the simulated AWGN channels, spatially correlated channels and non-identical uncorrelated channels.

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Dang, Rajdeep Singh. "Experimental Studies On A New Class Of Combinatorial LDPC Codes." Thesis, 2007. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/523.

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We implement a package for the construction of a new class of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes based on a new random high girth graph construction technique, and study the performance of the codes so constructed on both the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel as well as the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC). Our codes are “near regular”, meaning thereby that the the left degree of any node in the Tanner graph constructed varies by at most 1 from the average left degree and so also the right degree. The simulations for rate half codes indicate that the codes perform better than both the regular Progressive Edge Growth (PEG) codes which are constructed using a similar random technique, as well as the MacKay random codes. For high rates the ARG (Almost Regular high Girth) codes perform better than the PEG codes at low to medium SNR’s but the PEG codes seem to do better at high SNR’s. We have tried to track both near codewords as well as small weight codewords for these codes to examine the performance at high rates. For the binary erasure channel the performance of the ARG codes is better than that of the PEG codes. We have also proposed a modiﬁcation of the sum-product decoding algorithm, where a quantity called the “node credibility” is used to appropriately process messages to check nodes. This technique substantially reduces the error rates at signal to noise ratios of 2.5dB and beyond for the codes experimented on. The average number of iterations to achieve this improved performance is practically the same as that for the traditional sum-product algorithm.

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Dang, Rajdeep Singh. "Experimental Studies On A New Class Of Combinatorial LDPC Codes." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/523.

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We implement a package for the construction of a new class of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes based on a new random high girth graph construction technique, and study the performance of the codes so constructed on both the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel as well as the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC). Our codes are “near regular”, meaning thereby that the the left degree of any node in the Tanner graph constructed varies by at most 1 from the average left degree and so also the right degree. The simulations for rate half codes indicate that the codes perform better than both the regular Progressive Edge Growth (PEG) codes which are constructed using a similar random technique, as well as the MacKay random codes. For high rates the ARG (Almost Regular high Girth) codes perform better than the PEG codes at low to medium SNR’s but the PEG codes seem to do better at high SNR’s. We have tried to track both near codewords as well as small weight codewords for these codes to examine the performance at high rates. For the binary erasure channel the performance of the ARG codes is better than that of the PEG codes. We have also proposed a modiﬁcation of the sum-product decoding algorithm, where a quantity called the “node credibility” is used to appropriately process messages to check nodes. This technique substantially reduces the error rates at signal to noise ratios of 2.5dB and beyond for the codes experimented on. The average number of iterations to achieve this improved performance is practically the same as that for the traditional sum-product algorithm.

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