Artykuły w czasopismach: „Aid unpredictability”

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Kodama, Masahiro. "Aid Unpredictability and Economic Growth". World Development 40, nr 2 (luty 2012): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.015.

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Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Effect of Aid for Trade Unpredictability on Trade Policy in Recipient-Countries". Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 19, nr 2 (14.10.2019): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747919876708.

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This article examines the effect of the unpredictability of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows on trade policy in 124 recipient-countries, of which 42 are least developed countries (LDCs), over the period 2002–2016. The analysis shows that while AfT flows exert a positive effect on trade policy liberalisation, AfT unpredictability induces the adoption of restrictive trade policies. These results apply to LDCs and other countries, although the magnitude of the negative effect of AfT unpredictability on trade policy liberalisation is higher for LDCs than for other countries. Furthermore, AfT unpredictability reduces the positive trade policy liberalisation effect of AfT flows. JEL: F13, F14, F35

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Kangoye, Thierry. "Does Aid Unpredictability Weaken Governance? Evidence from Developing Countries". Developing Economies 51, nr 2 (26.05.2013): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deve.12008.

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Caves, Carlton M., i R�diger Schack. "Unpredictability, information, and chaos". Complexity 3, nr 1 (wrzesień 1997): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199709/10)3:1<46::aid-cplx13>3.0.co;2-w.

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Gell-Mann, Murray. "Fundamental sources of unpredictability". Complexity 3, nr 1 (wrzesień 1997): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199709/10)3:1<9::aid-cplx4>3.0.co;2-9.

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Thomas, John Meurig. "Foresight, Unpredictability & Chance in Chemistry & Cognate Subjects". Daedalus 143, nr 4 (październik 2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00302.

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In numerous branches of natural philosophy, the ways in which major, transformative advances are achieved are often cloaked in mystery, or arrived at through a fortunate concatenation of circumstances. This theme is pursued here with the aid of some examples from my own work on catalysis (the speeding up of the attainment of chemical equilibria), as well as from the work of others. The emergence of the maser (forerunner of the laser), the development of positron emission tomography, and the creation of blood-glucose sensors for use by those suffering from type 2 diabetes are among the innovations adumbrated here. In addition to describing the unpredictable nature of much scientific discovery, I also describe areas in which new chemical technology will be especially beneficial to society. I foresee that openstructure solid catalysts are likely to transform many of the ways in which chemicals, now manufactured in an environmentally harmful manner, will be produced in the future. Also outlined is the vital need to understand and exploit photocatalysts so as to harness solar energy. Finally, I touch upon the absolute value of chemistry in the quest for beauty and truth.

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Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "The Effect of Development Aid Unpredictability and Migrants’ Remittances on Fiscal Consolidation in Developing Countries". World Development 54 (luty 2014): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.08.003.

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Jain, Ankur. "Understanding the Future of HRM Through the VUCA Lens". NHRD Network Journal 12, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454119852860.

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The article presents a shared understanding of what volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) means in the current context. It then discusses the implications of VUCA for human resource management professionals by demonstrating how technology development at an unprecedented scale leads to volatility; unpredictability of business models leads to uncertainty; exposure to multiple dimensions leads to complexity; and constant need for innovation leads to ambiguity. The article ends with a set of questions that would aid human resource professionals to reflect and prepare for the future, in their specific contexts.

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Schuster, Peter. "How does complexity arise in evolution:Nature's recipe for mastering scarcity, abundance, and unpredictability". Complexity 2, nr 1 (wrzesień 1996): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199609/10)2:1<22::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-h.

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Porlares, Charl Vince, i Emily Tan. "Bioecological Theory and Risk Management". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2995.

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With the vulnerability, unpredictability, and ambiguity of the situation, schools all over the world have faced a variety of restrictions and unprecedented risks that caused some to cease operations and classes permanently or for an extended period of time. The concept of risk has become closely associated with every school process and structure so as to aid them in adapting to the current situation. This paper explores the concept of risk management and risks planning through the lens of school management and the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle. Furthermore, the researchers link the permeation of the direct and indirect effects of risks in the school system by reflecting on the layers of the school’s bioecological nest as adapted from the Bioecological Theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner. Finally, this paper suggests a model for risk planning that can help school administrators and leaders in managing risks and aid future researchers in studying concepts related to risk management.

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Kalyan Chakravarthy, Pishipati Vinayak, Lahari Ajay Telang, Jayashri Nerali i Ajay Telang. "Cracked Tooth: A Report of Two Cases and Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Diagnosis". Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/525364.

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Cracked tooth is a distinct type of longitudinal tooth fracture which occurs very commonly and its diagnosis can be challenging. This type of fracture tends to grow and change over time. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because the signs and symptoms are variable or nonspecific and may even resemble post-treatment disease following root canal treatment or periodontal disease. This variety and unpredictability make the cracked tooth a challenging diagnostic entity. The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in diagnosis of complex endodontic cases has been well documented in the literature. In this paper we present two cases of cracked tooth and emphasise on the timely use of cone beam computed tomography as an aid in diagnosis and as a prognostic determinant.

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Rund, Deborah, Varda Oron-Karni, Dvora Filon, Ada Goldfarb, Eliezer Rachmilewitz i Ariella Oppenheim. "Genetic analysis of β-thalassemia intermedia in Israel: Diversity of mechanisms and unpredictability of phenotype". American Journal of Hematology 54, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199701)54:1<16::aid-ajh3>3.0.co;2-7.

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Tang, Shoufeng, Minming Tong i Xinmin He. "The Optimum Wavelet Base of Wavelet Analysis in Coal Rock Microseismic Signals". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (1.01.2014): 537415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/537415.

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Coal rock rupture microseismic signal is characterized by time-varying, nonstationary, unpredictability, and transient property. Wavelet transform is an important method in microseismic signals processing. However, different wavelet bases yield different results when analyzing the same signal. To study the comparability of different wavelet bases in analyzing microseismic signals, the current paper uses the microseismic signals released from coal rock bursting as the research subject. Through the analysis of the properties of commonly used wavelet basis functions and the characteristics of coal rock microseismic signals, the current study found that Coiflet and Symlet wavelets are suitable for analyzing coal rock microseismic signals. Sym 8 and Coif 2 wavelets were found to be suitable for analyzing and denoising coal rock microseismic signals. After Sym 8 wavelet denoising, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the root mean square error were 30.4184 and 1.3109 E–07, respectively. After Coif 2 wavelet denoising, the SNR and the root mean square error values were 35.2176 and 1.0312 E–07, respectively. The results will aid in the analysis and extraction of coal rock microseismic signals.

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Chouliara, Zoë, Thanos Karatzias, Angela Gullone, Sandra Ferguson, Katie Cosgrove i Claire Burke Draucker. "Therapeutic Change in Group Therapy For Interpersonal Trauma: A Relational Framework for Research and Clinical Practice". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 15-16 (24.04.2017): 2897–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696860.

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Our understanding of therapeutic change processes in group therapy for complex interpersonal trauma has been limited. The present study aimed at addressing this gap by developing a framework of therapeutic change in this field from a survivor and therapist perspective. This is a qualitative study, which utilized semistructured individual interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to identify recurrent themes. A final sample of n = 16 patients and n = 5 facilitators completed the interview. Main change processes identified by survivors were as follows: self versus others, trust versus threat, confrontation versus avoidance, and “patching up” versus true healing. Therapeutic processes identified by therapist facilitators included managing group dynamics, unpredictability and uncertainty, and process versus content. The proposed framework explains therapeutic change in group therapy in relational terms, that is, therapeutic dissonance, the dynamic interaction of self and experience as well as building empathic trusting relations. The importance of managing dissonance to aid personally meaningful recovery was highlighted. These findings have implications for the usefulness of relational and person-centered approaches to clinical practice in the area of interpersonal and complex trauma, especially in the early identification, prevention, and management of dropouts.

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Brailas, Alexios. "Ad hoc solutions to wicked problems: Pandemics and other challenges in context". Homo Virtualis 4, nr 1 (22.07.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/homvir.27582.

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Wicked problems are considered to be any social, cultural, or other challenges that are difficult to address and hard to devise an effective and sustainable solution for. The utopic wishful thinking humanity relied on for so many decades, that technology and science alone, like a new Deus ex machina, would ultimately save us from any problematic situation we would ever face, and from any possible catastrophe we would ever confront, proved to be unrealistic. Catastrophe is a compound Greek word, literally meaning “approaching a turn”. If you are heading at full speed toward a turn, you either have to slow down and turn toward the road again to save life, or you are going to crash. Unless, of course, you prefer to rest upon an external magical aid, a Deus ex machina, to rescue you at the edge of the cliff. A Catastrophe can be realized as a bifurcation point in terms of complexity theory, a point of chaos and unpredictability, or a tipping point. Behind fueling wicked problems and deadlocks lies a Newtonian conception of reality, where the universe is realized as a mechanical automaton, a timeless space where an infinite knowledgeable entity can predict and leverage everything.

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Waris, Amtul, i N. Sunder Rao. "Factors influencing adoption of climate resilient paddy production practices in Andhra Pradesh, India". Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.3.9.

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This paper examined the factors affecting adoption of climate resilient practices in paddy production using data collected from farmers of Andhra Pradesh during the year 2019. Majority of the farmers reported increase in temperature, unpredictability in weather, reduced duration of winter, uneven and irregular rainfall as the climatic change events. The practices being followed by farmers which fit the adaptation criteria were timely sowing and weeding, proper spacing and formation of soil bunds. The climate resilient practices most preferred and prioritized by paddy farmers were direct sown rice, drought tolerant varieties, weather forecast services, integrated nutrient management, growing of green manure crops followed by crop diversification, crop insurance, system of rice intensification (SRI) and use of leaf color chart. Market demand, assured irrigation, land fertility, and availability of finance were the major factors governing the decision to grow crops. The educational level of farmers exhibited significant and positive correlation with practices namely SRI, use of leaf color chart, crop insurance, weather forecast services and drought tolerant varieties. Analysis of factors influencing the adoption of climate resilient paddy production practices would help to promote and disseminate these practices to increase the adoption rate and also aid in the framing of appropriate policies.

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G, Anahita, Krishnapriya KPM, Shiva Prasad R i Mohan Kumar N. "HD-Sign: Hardware Based Digital Signature Generation Using True Random Number Generator". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 3.8 (7.07.2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.8.16850.

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With the recent advancements in the field of computing, a fair share of easier and safer practices to exchange and share information between multiple parties have propped up. While some of these are improvisations, a few such as the Digital Signatures, have fast replaced conventional signing practices. It’s wide use and acceptance in the industry as well as officially, has necessitated higher security to protect data integrity and privacy. These digital Signatures are generated on the basis of various schemes that are designed to accommodate efficiency, crypto security and algorithmic complexity. This paper proposes an alternate method named HD-SIGN for generating these digital signatures in accordance with Secure Hash Function and 512-bit SRNN cryptographic algorithm. With the aid of a TRNG module, a modification to produce a large number with two prime factors and a set of natural numbers in a pair of public and private keys has been incorporated. The LSFR based TRNG module which helps maintain the ‘True Randomness’ of any generated number has been used for this purpose. Further, the random nature of the generated sequence to be used in the digital signature, has been tested with the help of standard NIST tests. The Hamming distance has also been analyzed as a security metric for the proposal, implying the degree of unpredictability of the generated true random sequences.

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Manzoor, Bilal, Idris Othman, Serdar Durdyev, Syuhaida Ismail i Mohammad Hussaini Wahab. "Influence of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering toward Sustainable Development—A Systematic Literature Review". Applied System Innovation 4, nr 3 (6.08.2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4030052.

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The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) in civil engineering has provided civil engineers with various benefits and opportunities, including a rich data collection, sustainable assessment, and productivity. The trend of construction is diverted toward sustainability with the aid of digital technologies. In this regard, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) in order to explore the influence of AI in civil engineering toward sustainable development. In addition, SLR was carried out by using academic publications from Scopus (i.e., 3478 publications). Furthermore, screening is carried out, and eventually, 105 research publications in the field of AI were selected. Keywords were searched through Boolean operation “Artificial Intelligence” OR “Machine intelligence” OR “Machine Learning” OR “Computational intelligence” OR “Computer vision” OR “Expert systems” OR “Neural networks” AND “Civil Engineering” OR “Construction Engineering” OR “Sustainable Development” OR “Sustainability”. According to the findings, it was revealed that the trend of publications received its high intention of researchers in 2020, the most important contribution of publications on AI toward sustainability by the Automation in Construction, the United States has the major influence among all the other countries, the main features of civil engineering toward sustainability are interconnectivity, functionality, unpredictability, and individuality. This research adds to the body of knowledge in civil engineering by visualizing and comprehending trends and patterns, as well as defining major research goals, journals, and countries. In addition, a theoretical framework has been proposed in light of the results for prospective researchers and scholars.

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Stavytska, S., G. Stavytsky i N. Ulko. "OVERCOMING PSYCHOEMOTIONAL TRAUMATIZATION PERSONALITY IN TERMS UNSTABLE PRESENT DAY". Ukrainian Psychological Journal, nr 1 (11) (2019): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/upj.2019.1(11).15.

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Events occur in Ukraine that go beyond the limits of everyday life and stability and bring lives to people, affecting the everyday meaning of human existence and giving it a certain boundary-existential context. Therefore, the existence of an individual in the midst of instability and unpredictability will raise the problem of helping victims of traumatic events throughout the country. If do not receive timely and proper professional social and psychological assistance, in victims, increases the level of trauma that could greatly complicate further their physical, psychological and social recovery. This begs the important task of developing effective programs to prevent and overcome the psychoemotional trauma of the personality. Working out quantitative results of research and their qualitative analysis concerning the primary indicators of our places of stay in psychoemotional traumatization, concerning the loss or destruction of physical or social danger, or psychological and social danger of an individual. Emotional psychotrauma can occur not only because of the impact of such critical cases as war or natural and social cataclysms, serious illnesses, but also due to the breakdown of relations, deep frustration in people or life, loss of an ideal, social or individual deprivation of personality. In general, the results indicate the main reasons and consequences of obtaining a psychotrauma by the subjects; determine the ways of self-correction that respondents use, as well as the lack of their focus on seeking help from professional psychologists. Also updated the question of the availability and professional support such aid and create conditions for broader prevention work with different groups of people.

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Viola, Emanuele. "AC0 Unpredictability". ACM Transactions on Computation Theory 13, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442362.

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We prove that for every distribution D on n bits with Shannon entropy ≥ n − a , at most O (2 d a log d +1 g )/γ 5 of the bits D i can be predicted with advantage γ by an AC 0 circuit of size g and depth D that is a function of all of the bits of D except D i . This answers a question by Meir and Wigderson, who proved a corresponding result for decision trees. We also show that there are distributions D with entropy ≥ n − O (1) such that any subset of O ( n / log n ) bits of D on can be distinguished from uniform by a circuit of depth 2 and size poly( n ). This separates the notions of predictability and distinguishability in this context.

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Oldham, Joshua, i Stefan Weigert. "Friction causing unpredictability". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 49, nr 12 (15.02.2016): 125102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/49/12/125102.

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Cattaneo, Antonella, Pierre Legendre i Theophile Niyonsenga. "Exploring Periphyton Unpredictability". Journal of the North American Benthological Society 12, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 418–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467623.

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Eagle, Antony. "Randomness Is Unpredictability". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 56, nr 4 (1.12.2005): 749–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axi138.

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Fridriksson, Steen, Hans Säveland, Karl-Erik Jakobsson, Göran Edner, Stefan Zygmunt, Lennart Brandt i Jan Hillman. "Intraoperative complications in aneurysm surgery: a prospective national study". Journal of Neurosurgery 96, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.3.0515.

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Object. With increasing use of endovascular procedures, the number of aneurysms treated surgically will decline. In this study the authors review complications related to the surgical treatment of aneurysms and address the issue of maintaining quality standards on a national level. Methods. A prospective, nonselected amalgamation of every aneurysm case treated in five of six neurosurgical centers in Sweden during 1 calendar year was undertaken (422 patients; 7.4 persons/100,000 population/year). The treatment protocols at these institutions were very similar. Outcome was assessed using clinical end points. In this series, 84.1% of the patients underwent surgery, and intraoperative complications occurred in 30% of these procedures. Poor outcome from technical complications was seen in 7.9% of the surgically treated patients. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture accounted for 60% and branch sacrifice for 12% of all technical difficulties. Although these complications were significantly related to aneurysm base geometry and the competence of the surgeon, problems still occurred apparently at random and also in the best of hands (17%). The temporary mean occlusion time in the patients who suffered intraoperative aneurysm rupture was twice as long as the temporary arrest of blood flow performed to aid dissection. Conclusions. The results obtained in this series closely reflect the overall management results of this disease and support the conclusion that surgical complications causing a poor outcome can be estimated on a large population-based scale. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture was the most common and most devastating technical complication that occurred. Support was found for a more liberal use of temporary clips early during dissection, regardless of the experience of the surgeon. Temporary regional interruption of arterial blood flow should be a routine method for aneurysm surgery on an everyday basis. A random occurrence of difficult intraoperative problems was clearly shown, and this factor of unpredictability, which is present in any preoperative assessment of risk, strengthens the case for recommending neuroprotection as a routine adjunct to virtually every aneurysm operation, regardless of the surgeon's experience.

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Behrens, Martin, i Andreas Pekarek. "Between Strategy and Unpredictability". ILR Review 69, nr 3 (26.10.2015): 579–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793915614583.

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Cade, Brian W. "Stuckness, Unpredictability and Change". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 6, nr 1 (marzec 1985): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.1985.tb01106.x.

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Acorn, Sonia, Gloria Joachim i Joy E. Wachs. "Scleroderma: Living with Unpredictability". AAOHN Journal 51, nr 8 (sierpień 2003): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990305100808.

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Miller, Elaine Tilka. "Unpredictability of a Disability". Rehabilitation Nursing 37, nr 6 (listopad 2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnj.60.

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Blühdorn, Ingolfur. "Have They Learnt to Swim?" German Politics and Society 27, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2009.270201.

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“Liquid modernity” is a concept that Zygmunt Bauman suggested todescribe a certain condition in advanced modern societies where changeability,unpredictability, and unreliability have become core featuresdetermining individual life and social interaction.1 Diminishing party loyaltyand increasing voter volatility, erratic but often vociferous articulationof political preferences and participation, and a marked shift towards populismall belong to the political fallout from Bauman’s condition of liquidity.With his notion of the “fluid five-party system,” Oskar Niedermayer hasfurther developed the metaphor.2 On the one hand, his concept attemptsto capture the new structural characteristics of the German party system,i.e., its fragmentation and structural asymmetry. On the other hand, itseeks to capture the changed relationship between the individual parties,specifically their mutual demarcation and rapprochement in the context ofcoalition strategies. Indeed, having to compete in a five-party system andtrying to optimize their strategic position in a context of high unpredictabilityis the major new challenge Germany’s political parties are havingto confront.

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Parker, Simon C., i Jonathan Rougier. "Measuring Social Mobility as Unpredictability". Economica 68, nr 269 (luty 2001): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00233.

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Barbosa, Miguel, Isabel Lopes, Catia Venâncio, Maria João Janeiro, Michael Blair Morrisey i Amadeu M. V. M. Soares. "Maternal response to environmental unpredictability". Ecology and Evolution 5, nr 20 (październik 2015): 4567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1723.

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Huisman i Weissing. "Fundamental Unpredictability in Multispecies Competition". American Naturalist 157, nr 5 (2001): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3078963.

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Stead, N. "UNPREDICTABILITY KEY TO COLLISION AVOIDANCE". Journal of Experimental Biology 216, nr 4 (30.01.2013): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.084616.

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Mantica, Gina. "Unpredictability stresses out sea bass". Journal of Experimental Biology 223, nr 11 (1.06.2020): jeb214338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.214338.

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Hoser, A. A., I. Sovago, A. Lanza i A. Ø. Madsen. "A crystal structure prediction enigma solved: the gallic acid monohydrate system – surprises at 10 K". Chemical Communications 53, nr 5 (2017): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06799a.

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GELL-MANN, MURRAY. "Fundamental Sources of Unpredictabilitya". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 879, nr 1 TEMPOS IN SCI (czerwiec 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb10401.x.

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Young, Ethan S., Willem E. Frankenhuis i Bruce J. Ellis. "Theory and measurement of environmental unpredictability". Evolution and Human Behavior 41, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.08.006.

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Taylor, R. A. J., P. M. Driver i D. A. Humphries. "Protean Behaviour. The Biology of Unpredictability". Journal of Animal Ecology 59, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4904.

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Petrosky, Anthony. "The Unpredictability of Comfort and Tradition". College English 56, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/378218.

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Collett, Jessica L. "Betrayals: The Unpredictability of Human Relations". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 37, nr 3 (maj 2008): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610803700319.

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Gong, Lishuang, Jianguo Zhang, Luxiao Sang, Haifang Liu i Yuncai Wang. "The Unpredictability Analysis of Boolean Chaos". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, nr 10 (październik 2020): 1854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949571.

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Franch-Gras, Lluis, Eduardo M. García-Roger, Manuel Serra i María José Carmona. "Adaptation in response to environmental unpredictability". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, nr 1868 (6.12.2017): 20170427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0427.

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Understanding how organisms adaptively respond to environmental fluctuations is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The Mediterranean region typically exhibits levels of environmental unpredictability that vary greatly in habitats over small geographical scales. In cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers, clonal proliferation occurs along with occasional bouts of sex. These bouts contribute to the production of diapausing eggs, which allows survival between growing seasons. Here, we studied two diapause-related traits in rotifers using clones from nine Brachionus plicatilis natural populations that vary in the degree of environmental unpredictability. We tested the hypothesis that the level of environmental unpredictability is directly related to the propensity for sex and inversely related to the hatching fraction of diapausing eggs. We found significant levels of genetic variation within populations for both traits. Interestingly, a positive correlation between pond unpredictability—quantified in a previous study from satellite imagery—and the propensity for sex was found. This correlation suggests a conservative, bet-hedging strategy that provides protection against unexpectedly short growing seasons. By contrast, the hatching fraction of diapausing eggs was not related to the level of environmental predictability. Our results highlight the ability of rotifer populations to locally adapt to time-varying environments, providing an evolutionarily relevant step forward in relating life-history traits to a quantitative measure of environmental unpredictability.

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THOMAS, John Meurig. "Unpredictability and chance in scientific progress". Progress in Informatics, nr 4 (marzec 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2201/niipi.2007.4.1.

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Herbst, Thomas. "Constructions, generalizations, and the unpredictability of language". Constructions and Frames 12, nr 1 (29.07.2020): 56–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00035.her.

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Abstract Attempts at predicting syntactic behavior from semantic or other generalizations are often unsatisfactory. It is argued that the notion of competition as used by Goldberg (2019) can serve as an explanation for unpredictability in language because established formulations that are preferred over others automatically distort the collocational profiles of verbs in argument structure constructions. As a consequence of this, an approach of seeing items as items-in-constructions (and not as elements attracted to them) is argued for. It is then shown how this items-in-constructions view can be applied to designing models of reference constructicons and mental constructicons.

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Malin, S. R. C. "On the unpredictability of geomagnetic secular variation". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 39, nr 4 (wrzesień 1985): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90142-6.

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Badii, R. "Complexity as Unpredictability of the Scaling Dynamics". Europhysics Letters (EPL) 13, nr 7 (1.12.1990): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/13/7/005.

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Checchi, Arianna. "The Unpredictability of the Global Oil Market". International Spectator 42, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932720701406704.

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Bentley, Michelle, i Adam B. Lerner. "Introduction: Trump and unpredictability in international relations". Cambridge Review of International Affairs 34, nr 3 (4.05.2021): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2021.1919862.

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O'Connor, Mary G. "An unpredictability approach to finite-state randomness". Journal of Computer and System Sciences 37, nr 3 (grudzień 1988): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(88)90011-6.

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Danchin, Etienne, Fabrice Helfenstein i Richard Wagner. "Is Male Unpredictability a Paternity Assurance Strategy?" Behaviour 141, nr 6 (2004): 675–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042245150.

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AbstractIn socially monogamous birds, levels of extra-pair paternity vary widely across species. A possible explanation for this variation is that the costs to both sexes of pursuing extra-pair copulations (EPCs) varies widely, which may substantially depend upon the effectiveness of the paternity assurance tactics employed by pair males. Given the prevalence of extra-pair paternity, an enigma exists in non-mate-guarding species in which males have no apparent means of assuring their paternity and yet rarely or never lose paternity. We propose that males in some species may pursue a subtle but effective paternity assurance tactic consisting of unpredictable behaviour. By departing and returning to and from their mates at unpredictable intervals males may be able to deter other males and their mates from attempting EPCs. Consistent with this idea, we found in the monogamous kittiwake Rissa tridactyla that the absences of males became decreasingly predictable in duration as their mates' fertile periods approached. Moreover, the durations of 80% of male absences were shorter than the minimum duration of copulations, creating a high probability of pair males returning in time to prevent EPCs. Factors other than male unredictability may explain the lack of extra-pair paternity in kittiwakes. Nevertheless, the unpredictable male hypothesis is testable in the many species with variable levels of EPP. Furthermore, we suggest that unpredictability may comprise a general strategy by which animals of both sexes protect various reproductive assets such as food, mates and territories.

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