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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Airspace (International law)”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Kareng, Yaya. "INTERNATIONAL AVIATION/AIRSPACE LAW AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v4i1.10941.

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Aviation law is the branch of law that concerns flight, air travel, and associated legal and business concerns. Some of its area of concern overlaps that of admiralty law and, in many cases, aviation law is considered a matter of international law due to the nature of air travel. However, the business aspects of airlines and their regulation also fall under aviation law. In the international realm, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides general rules and mediates international concerns to an extent regarding aviation law. The ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Na

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Barus, Yan Jefri. "Jurisdiction Of A Country’s Air Territorry In International Law Perspective." Journal of Law Science 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v3i3.1673.

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The sovereignty of a country is no longer absolute or absolute, but at certain limits it must respect the sovereignty of other countries, which are regulated through international law. This is what became known as the relative sovereignty of the state. In the context of international law, a sovereign state must essentially obey and respect international law, as well as the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries. The problem in this research is How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace? What are the principles of air law adopted by nations in the world (internationally)?

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ERKARA, Mustafa Burak, and Polathan KÜSBECİ. "Ege Hava Sahası:Türkiye ve Yunanistan Sorunları." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 19 (June 25, 2023): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.19.14.

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Discussions on the width of the national airspace have been a frequent topic on the agenda of Turkish-Greek relations after 1974. Discussions on this issue arise, in particular, from the difference between the width of the Greek national territorial sea and the width of its airspace. The rules of international law, while regulating the rights related to the sovereignty of the states, stipulated that the sovereignty of the state covers the territorial lands, the territorial seas forming the coasts of these lands, and the airspace over these regions as a whole. In short, the territorial sea bord

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Tiwery, Zepty Fence, Irma Halima Hanafi, and Welly Angela Riry. "Pelanggaran Wilayah Udara Indonesia Oleh Pesawat Asing Menurut Hukum Internasional." Balobe Law Journal 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v4i1.2046.

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Introductioan: Indonesian airspace violation committed by a foreign aircraft in the case of the forced landing of a Boeing 777 foreign cargo plane on January 14, 2019. The aircraft entered Indonesian airspace without permission or Flight Clearance (FC) so it had to be forcibly landed by the Indonesian Air Force at Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam, Riau Islands. Such violations are clearly contrary to applicable law.Purposes of the Research: Know the regulation of Indonesian airspace according to international law and how law enforcement in Indonesian airspace.Methods of the Research: No

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Doroshenko, Dmytro. "Some issues of regulation of international flights by the legislation of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.98.

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The article reveals the interpretation of the concept of “international flights” in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine andsubstantiates the opinion that it is advisable to fix the corresponding definition in the provisions of the Air Code of Ukraine. In addition,the concepts of “legal regime of international flight” and “airspace of Ukraine” are analyzed, in particular, attention is paid to the problemsof establishing the boundaries of state sovereignty over airspace and various approaches to their solution and the author’s positionwith respect to this phenomenon are considered.In addi

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Vodolaskova, Kateryna, and Svitlana Holovko. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND OVERVIEW OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY CONCEPT." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 1, no. 66 (March 31, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.66.17411.

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Goal: define different ideas of the concept of "sovereignty in aviation space" and consider the stages of development of the concept of airspace sovereignty in the context of the airspace bordering the territory of the state. Research methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, cognitive and analytical, as well as methods of systematization and generalizations. Results: the analysis of legal acts of international significance in the field of aviation law, which determined the modern understanding of the concept of sovereignty in airspace, was carried out. Discussion: dee

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7

Virág, Enikő. "International Air Law – Airspace Rules in Three Dimensions." Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law 5, no. 1 (December 2017): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/hyiel/266627012017005001031.

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Otília Kiss, Krisztina. "Reopening the Upper Airspace over Kosovo for Civil Air Traffic: The Road Thereto." Air and Space Law 46, Issue 4/5 (September 1, 2021): 603–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2021034.

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Over twenty years have passed since the insurrection in Kosovo which ended with the introduction of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in June 1999. The establishment of the State of Kosovo has raised multiple questions and challenged public international law doctrines in different ways. The validity of unilateral State succession in the post-colonial era, the international legal personality of international intergovernmental organizations, and the exercise of sovereign rights by other entities than States are among the questions that the international community has had to contend

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9

Lamont, Christopher K. "Conflict in the Skies: The Law of Air Defence Identification Zones." Air and Space Law 39, Issue 3 (June 1, 2014): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2014014.

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Air Defence Identification Zones (ADIZs), designated areas of non-territorial airspace where States impose reporting obligations on civil and military aircraft, constitute a highly contentious security practice, and in the absence of an international legal framework to regulate unilateral ADIZ declarations by States, find themselves increasingly contested with States advancing competing claims on the limits of their scope and reporting obligations. China's 23 November 2013 declaration of an East China Sea ADIZ highlights two important questions that arise from this contested security practice.

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10

Setiani, Baiq. "Konsep Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Upaya Penegakan Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Pesawat Udara Asing." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 3 (January 9, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1432.

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Pengakuan dunia internasional akan wilayah udara sebagai bagian dari kedaulatan negara memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang luas. Namun kondisi ini dapat berubah manakala Indonesia tidak mampu menguasai wilayah kedirgantaraannya sebagai penopang ekonomi dan pertahanan nasional. Ditambah dengan masalah pelanggaran batas kedaulatan yang sering dilakukan oleh pesawat militer negara asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana konsep kedaulatan negara di ruang udara menurut hukum internasional dan peraturan perun

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11

Gaveika, Artūrs. "THE INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE BORDER CONTROL OF THE AIRSPACE OF LATVIA." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 5 (October 21, 2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2013vol1.5.1153.

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This paper reflects the problematic issues regarding the legal framework of Latvian airspace border control. Currently the legal framework in relation to airspace border control in Latvia is rather confusing and incomplete since there is no specific division between responsibilities of certain authorities and compliance to international airspace regulations as well as the competence of the NATO in the control of national airspace regime. Therefore it is essential to evaluate the functions and available resources of the State Border Guard as a law enforcement institution within the context of B

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12

Su, Jinyuan. "Is the Establishment of Air Defence Identification Zones Outside National Airspace in Accordance with International Law?" European Journal of International Law 32, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 1309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab088.

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Abstract Whereas the right of a state to establish an air defence identification zone (ADIZ) in national airspace falls squarely within its sovereignty, the question whether coastal states may claim such zones outside national airspace remains a matter of controversy. The latter category, referred to as ‘offshore ADIZs’, usually do not amount to sovereignty claims over the open airspace outside national airspace or involve threat or use of force. The right of coastal states to identify aircraft in the open airspace near coastal areas has arguably become part of customary international law. Thi

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13

Vrbaski, Lazar. "Liability of Air Navigation Service Providers: Towards an International Solution." Air and Space Law 38, Issue 1 (February 1, 2013): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2013003.

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The rapid growth of air traffic is inevitably leading to congested skies, which may cause more flight delays, and more alarmingly, jeopardize the safety of air navigation. For this reason, the provision of air navigation services is undergoing constant modernization, necessitating a solid legal framework. This paper examines the adequacy of the current legal framework, characterized by predominantly national regulation, with respect to traditional and cross-border arrangements for the provision of air navigation services. The Single European Sky legislative package, while reconfiguring Europea

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14

Hardianti, Hardianti, Irma Halimah Hanafi, and Welly Angela Riry. "Pengaturan Tentang Penerbangan Komersial Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 10 (December 30, 2023): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1958.

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Introduction: In transportation activities, the risk of an accident is an unavoidable thing so that unification of arrangements regarding this matter is an absolute thing to do.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out and examine how the regulation regarding the flight of commercial aircraft in the air space of a country is reviewed from international law and how the form of state responsibility when a commercial aircraft is shot down is reviewed from international law Methods of the Research: This writing uses a normative type of legal research, which is carried out by studying t

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15

Hanafi, Irma Halimah. "Analisis Kasus Penembakan Pesawat Udara Ukraina oleh Militer Iran." Balobe Law Journal 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v1i2.651.

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Introductioan: Aviation is an activity that many people are interested in at this time, because it can cover one place in a fast time. In international law, aviation is divided into civil aviation and military aviation. The shooting down of the Ukrainian plane by the Iranian military is a unique case because the one shot was a scheduled civilian plane flying over the airspace of a country that is at war or armed conflict.Purposes of the Research: Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze in depth how international air law regulates the shooting of civilian aircraft in the airspace of

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16

Nisa, Candra Ulfatun, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Yurisdiksi Kriminal Terhadap Black Flight Di Ruang Udara Wilayah Indonesia." SASI 26, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i3.289.

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The state in its capacity as one of the subjects of international law, has the rights and obligations associated with sovereignty. The state is free and independent to exercise its sovereignty rights in full but also has an obligation to pay attention to its limits in not exercising its sovereignty in the territory of other countries. Regarding the sovereignty of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, even though it has clearly established its boundaries and has been recognized by international law, violations of sovereignty territories often occur that are not intentional or intentional

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17

Cherevatiuk, Viktoriya, and Givi Lobzhanidze. "SUBORBITAL AND COSMIC SPACES LEGISLATIVE DIVISION PROBLEM IN INTERNATIONAL AIRSPACE LAW (GEORGIA - UKRAINE)." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 3, no. 60 (September 30, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.60.15947.

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Purpose: the purpose of the scientific article is to reveal the main problems associated with the legal regulation of suborbital space. Attention is paid to the problem of suborbital flight organization and the legal regime of air and space international navigation. Methods: to achieve a certain goal were used general and special scientific (special) methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, concretization, generalization, etc. Results: it is important to consolidate the international legal treaty on the delimitation of air, space and suborbital spaces, which will contri

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18

Pramono, Agus. "AIR SOVEREIGNTY AND NO-FLY ZONES." Diponegoro Law Review 1, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.1.1.2016.99-112.

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Sovereignty of a state in essence is an embedded, basic element of a state as a supreme power. However, the sovereignty of a state can only be applied within its own borders, where outside of its own territory the sovereignty of another country takes over. This research was carried out based on the approach of current legal regulations and review of literature. The study showed that airspace sovereignty is, in principle, embedded to a state of which ownership is exclusive in nature. No-fly zones are airspace in which a sovereign state determines to be restricted for flight traffic based on the

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Macpherson, Ewen. "Is the World Ready for Drones?" Air and Space Law 43, Issue 2 (April 1, 2018): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2018011.

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Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) are revolutionizing the world. RPA, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) or ‘drones’ present many new opportunities for a diverse range of industries and practices. Drones are a new way for a closer societyaviation relationship, transportation of goods and data gathering. These opportunities present corresponding challenges: safety around people, infrastructure and other airspace users; privacy, and international uniformity. It is only a matter of time before drones will need integration with non-segregated airspace. Very soon drones

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20

Lee, Sanghoon. "Back to Air in Disarray?: Disparity in Practices and Interpretations on ADIZs Disrupting the Safety of Civil Aviation." Journal of Air Law and Commerce 87, no. 2 (2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/jalc.87.2.3.

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The interconnectivity of civil aviation has been long praised with the success of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in harmonizing navigation standards and procedures, along with the utilization of Flight Information Regions (FIRs). However, continuing geopolitical tensions with different implementations of Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs) have belittled the technical achievement. Among different State practices, some ADIZs have expanded beyond territorial airspace and even overlapped with other FIRs, requiring overflying air- craft to submit flight plans and abide b

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Sopamena, Chairussani Abbas. "THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF RUSSIAN AEROSPACE CLOSURE." Jurnal Dinamika Global 7, no. 01 (June 28, 2022): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v7i01.984.

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The war between Russia and Ukraine has a long tail and has spawned sanctions between countries. Aggressive Russia has taken the decision to close their airspace for many countries which became a policy that brought the world back to the similar conditions that happen in the cold war era. This article is written to answer the question, what is the impact of the closure of Russian airspace on the airline industry and the world economy? With using realism and structural functionalist approach this research shows that Russia's actions are taken to as a way deter other countries which support Ukrai

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Wijayanto, Setiawan, I. Wayan Midhio, and Afrizal Hendra. "Optimization of the Universal Defense System with Strengthening Air Sovereignty in the Republic Of Indonesia." IAR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3, no. 01 (February 28, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/iarjhss.2022.v03i01.010.

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The international recognition of airspace as part of state sovereignty provides strong legitimacy for Indonesia to fully and exclusively regulate its air space. Unfortunately, this has not been done optimally by Indonesia, which can be seen from the lack of adequate facilities, infrastructure and human resources that affect the ability to maintain national airspace sovereignty. Even though the regulation regarding regional borders has been clearly regulated through the 1944 Chicago Convention. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze efforts to strengthen a

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23

Purwanto, Harry. "Safeguarding the National Airspace of Indonesia under the Framework of International Air Law." Jurnal Hukum Novelty 12, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v12i2.a18528.

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Pradana, Muhamad Reza Ichsan, Lina Rosmayanti, and Dwi Lestary. "Providing Air Traffic Services to Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles in Banda Aceh’s Airspace." Proceeding of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Navigation, Engineering, and Aviation Technology (ICANEAT) 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61306/icaneat.v1i1.185.

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Nowadays, aircraft are becoming more and more important and talked about due to the rapid development of aircraft in the past few decades. In addition, we must also remember that this aircraft is an important object under air law. Aircraft that were once the result of modifications from hot air balloons have now far developed into aircraft that can be flown remotely, or currently known as drones. Even with the rapid development of drones in the last few decades, it cannot be matched by the progress of air law arrangements both internationally and nationally. With such conditions, both internat

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Lykhova, Sofiia, and Natalya Semchuk. "SOME FEATURES OF AVIATION CRIMES DURING MARTIAL TIME." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 2, no. 63 (June 30, 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.63.16704.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze aviation crimes in martial time and develop theoretical and practical recommendations to combat this phenomenon. Methods: general and special scientific methods were used to achieve this purpose. The use of these methods allowed to outline the problems of combating of aviation crimes from a criminal law point of view and to offer practical recommendations for combating this phenomenon. Results: during the preparation of the article, martial state was declared in Ukraine in connection with the attack of the Russian Federation. Contrary to international

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Tian, Yong, Bojia Ye, Lili Wan, Minhao Yang, and Dawei Xing. "Restricted Airspace Unit Identification Using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 5962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215962.

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This paper first calculates the departure delay and arrival delay of each flight by mining historical flight data. Then, a new method based on density clustering for identification and visualization of restricted airspace units that considers this activity is proposed. The main objective is to identify the restricted airspace units by calculating the average delay time according to the accumulative delay time of airspace units and the accumulative delay flight. Therefore, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering method is utilized to match the latitud

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Arnold, Kinga, Iván Arnold, and Zoltán Papp. "The Difficult Present and Uncertain Future of the Single European Sky Network Manager: The Challenges We Are Facing and Why They Matter." Air and Space Law 42, Issue 2 (April 1, 2017): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2017014.

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In order to ensure the safe and continuous flow of air traffic in European airspace, while avoiding congestion and minimizing delay and the impact on the environment, the Member States of EUROCONTROL have been jointly providing a centralized flow management function to airspace users for more than twenty years, through the Central Flow Management Unit and, more recently, the Network Manager. The future arrangement of this key function has lately become the subject of intensive discussions and some controversies. The parallel legal bases in EU law and international public law, the dual governan

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Gaveika, Arturs. "THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA WITHIN THE DIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SUBJECT." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 7 (October 21, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2015vol1.7.1180.

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In operations of public administration, and especially law enforcement agencies, a particular understanding of the definition of national territory is necessary, especially having in mind the various sovereignty differentiation of national territory into sea areas and airspace, resulting from the modern international and European Union law and which would not be contrary to Article 3 of the Constitution generally determining the meaning of the Latvian State territory. Sometimes the national territory is understood as land or water surface. But setting national borders and border treaties and t

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Baitukayeva, Baitukayeva Dana Umirbekovna, and Philippe Achilleas. "INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATIVE EXPERIENCE IN THE SPHERE OF REGULATION OF AIRSPACE AND OUTER SPACE LEGAL REGIME." Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2, no. 73 (June 30, 2023): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52026/2788-5291_2023_73_2_168.

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The article considers the experience of regulating the established legal regime for the use of airspace and outer space from the point of view international law norms and legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other countries. During the research of this issue, legal norms were analyzed, as well as the features of the legislations development in these fields. The boundary of space is given increasing importance because air law and space law have differences in their rules. These branches of international law are based on different principles and have different legal regimes. And these d

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Siraji, Hafizh. "The Sovereignty of the Air Space and Its Protection in the Perspective of International Law: Some Aliens Intervention in Southeast Asian Countries." International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v1i2.58397.

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State sovereignty in international law is not a solution, in the international world as a legal entity that acts as a subject of international law. This also happens between one country or another, which can then be announced the deeds agreed to by each country are not appropriate, because they must be approved by the deeds of other countries or we can call it the Relativity of State.There are three thoughts in understanding the concept of state sovereignty over developing air space. The first is that air space cannot be used or used by anyone because in principle, the state does not have sove

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Su, Jinyuan. "The Practice of States on Air Defense Identification Zones: Geographical Scope, Object of Identification, and Identification Measures." Chinese Journal of International Law 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 812–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmaa001.

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Abstract This note provides a survey of the practice of States on ADIZs. It is found that while some ADIZs are entirely within territorial airspace, most extend beyond the outer limit into the airspace above the EEZs and even the high seas; and in the part beyond territorial airspace, transiting aircraft are prevalently subject to identification. Transiting military aircraft, which most of the time refuse to identify themselves voluntarily by submitting a flight plan or reporting their positions, may nevertheless be identified passively through radar detection, radio communication or close vis

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Hackett, Jim. "Onboard Electronic Fraud: Piracy in the Twenty-First Century?" Air and Space Law 36, Issue 6 (December 1, 2011): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011042.

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Internet access is available on some international flights; this will become more commonplace in the future. Internet frauds abound. Already, most personal banking is performed using the Internet; it is easy to transfer funds from one account to another, including from a personal or trust account to that of a fraudster. For example, if a trustee who is both an Australian citizen and a Hong Kong permanent resident, on board an aircraft (Cathay Pacific, Virgin Atlantic, or Qantas) in international airspace flying from Hong Kong to Australia, uses a personal computer to access an Australia-based

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Kusumaningrum, Adi. "Recent Development in International Treaties Relating to Aviation: New Standardization of International Air Law." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 07, no. 02 (2020): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n2.a7.

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Globalization is identified with the development of treaties into national domain law. Initially, such treaties did not appear as legal regulations but as standard/harmonized-setting for member states. Since the establishment of Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation, 1944, treaties on aviation keep developing well both on the aviation operational technique and economic aspect. Those treaties nowadays have turned into the source of international aviation law. Treaty has been one of the bases of domestic law for almost nations in the world. As a result, the global requirements need to be adjusted

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Kusumaningrum, Adi. "Recent Development in International Treaties Relating to Aviation: New Standardization of International Air Law." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 07, no. 02 (2020): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n2.a7.

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Globalization is identified with the development of treaties into national domain law. Initially, such treaties did not appear as legal regulations but as standard/harmonized-setting for member states. Since the establishment of Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation, 1944, treaties on aviation keep developing well both on the aviation operational technique and economic aspect. Those treaties nowadays have turned into the source of international aviation law. Treaty has been one of the bases of domestic law for almost nations in the world. As a result, the global requirements need to be adjusted

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Betts, Richard K. "Striking First: A History of Thankfully Lost Opportunities." Ethics & International Affairs 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00414.x.

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It is unlikely that George W. Bush feels constrained by international law when deciding whether to use military force abroad. Nevertheless, many of the United States' allies are reluctant to cooperate with and participate in military actions that cannot reasonably be justified under international law. And supportive allies, while perhaps not strictly necessary to the United States in its recent and foreseeable military campaigns, do make the military option easier to pursue. A war against Iraq would be difficult without access to bases and airspace in countries as diverse as Turkey, Saudi Arab

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Florea, Dumitrita, and Narcisa Gales. "Affirming the Principle of Good Neighborliness in International Relations." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 8, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/8.2/40.

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The territory is the fundamental part of a state. It is the geographical space where a state exercises its full sovereignty, asserts its authority and possesses its national resources and wealth. A state territory is a land area under the sovereignty of a given state, in other words, an area in which the state exercises supreme power and which it controls, organizing itself in an administrative relationship and establishing its legal regime. One of the components of a state's sovereignty is its territorial supremacy. The nature of the territorial supremacy of state sovereignty and of the state

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Abu-Bonsra, Nana Agyeman. "Summary Report of the International Institute of Air and SpaceLaw’s (IIASL) International Air Law Conference on Aviation Cybersecurity, Leiden, Netherlands on 11 th of May 2023." Air and Space Law 48, Issue 4 /5 (September 1, 2023): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2023057.

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This report provides an overview of the International Institute of Air and Space Law's (IIASL) International Air Law Conference on Aviation Cybersecurity held in Leiden, Netherlands, on May 11th, 2023. The conference focused primarily on aviation cybersecurity, highlighting major insights and emerging trends in safeguarding the safety and security of the airspace within the context of cybersecurity. The conference assembled scholars, experts, policymakers, regulators, industry players as well as students to address the growing challenges and threats posed by cybersecurity in the aviation secto

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Erotokritou, Chrystel, and Sofia Michaelides-Mateou. "Flying into the Future with UAVs: The Jetstream 31 Flight." Air and Space Law 39, Issue 2 (April 1, 2014): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2014009.

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In April 2013, the first Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) with two persons on board flew 500 miles in the non-segregated United Kingdom airspace at the same time as other commercial flights were being operated. On that day a new chapter in aviation history was written. This revolutionary flight reflects the rapidly expanding use of RPAS for civilian use and simultaneously raises several complex legal issues. The safe and legal operation of an aircraft is a complex task and even more so in cutting edge technological developments which thrust aviation into a new era. Proposed legislative

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Kaiser, Stefan A. "Legal Considerations about the Loss of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 17 in Eastern Ukraine." Air and Space Law 40, Issue 2 (April 1, 2015): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2015010.

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On 17 July 2014, Malaysia Airlines flight MH 17 from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was lost in the Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, while cruising at an altitude of 33,000 feet. All 298 persons on board were killed. Although the investigation is still ongoing, it can be deemed certain that the aircraft was downed as the result of the current armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. The case of MH 17 shows how the established international order for the safe, regular and efficient navigation of international civil aviation can crumble, if a State cannot warrant its international obligations. The Chicago Conventi

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Mukti Setiyawan, Wahyu Beny, Nurul Hidayah, and Andi Chaerul Sofyan. "Urgensi Penerapan Interdependent Airspace Governance Untuk Optimalisasi Tata Kelola Ruang Udara Nasional Sebagai Antisipasi Open Sky Policy." Wajah Hukum 4, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i2.252.

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Indonesia as an archipelago state has a national airspace of 5,180,053 km². Indonesia's airspace is located in a strategic position between the continents of Asia and Australia which makes Indonesia one of the busiest air routes in the world. Therefore, the management of air space is a vital matter that must be emphasized through various legal instruments. The sovereignty of Indonesian air space is affirmed in Article 49 paragraph (2) of the 1982 International Law of the Sea Convention which was ratified by Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the L

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Meredith, Pamela Louise. "The Legality of Launch Vehicle Passage Through Foreign Airspace." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 1-2 (1985): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529385x00165.

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Dutton, Peter A. "Caelum Liberum: Air Defense Identification Zones Outside Sovereign Airspace." American Journal of International Law 103, no. 4 (October 2009): 691–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000159834.

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Gudev, P. "The Aegean Sea of Contradictions (Part I)." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 10 (2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-10-142-151.

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The Aegean Sea as part of the Eastern Mediterranean has been a clash of national interests between Greece and Turkey for decades. In particular, this process has intensified since 1974, and although there have been certain peaks and troughs along the way, now it seems to be at a point of new aggravation in bilateral relations. In general, this state of affairs is due to the particular geographical characteristics of the Aegean Sea, namely the large number of Greek islands, rocks and island formations scattered throughout its waters, often close to the Turkish coastline. Through them, Athens ca

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Lestari, Endang Puji. "The Delegation of State Sovereignty over Air Space in the Implementation of Air Navigation: The Analysis of the Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on Management of the Batam and Natuna Flight Information Region." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no2.813.

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The state sovereignty over airspace with its complete and exclusive nature experiences a significant dynamic in both its concept and implementation in the international air law. Sovereignty over the airspace not only provides legislative, executive, and judicialauthorities of the state but also puts an obligation on the state to provide facilities for aviation safety. The reason for aviation safety airspace of a sovereign state can be delegated to other states to manage the service of navigation, for example, Indonesian air spaces in the Natuna and Batam, are maintained by Singapore for the sa

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Masutti, Anna. "Proposals for the Regulation of Unmanned Air Vehicle Use in Common Airspace." Air and Space Law 34, Issue 1 (February 1, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2009001.

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In the past UAVs have mainly been used for military purposes. Recently, UAV applications for civil use have been developed, but a clear legal framework is needed so as to permit UAVs to fly outside segregated areas with other traffic, assuring the same safety and security standards as for manned aircraft. Modern UAVs are in effect an entire system, i.e. UAS (Unmanned Air System), which comprises the aircraft and the ground control station. The correct interpretation of EU Regulation 216/08 leads to the conclusion that even UAVs are subject to the same airworthiness requirements as those for ma

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Byers, Michael. "Letting the Exception Prove the Rule." Ethics & International Affairs 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00413.x.

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It is unlikely that George W. Bush feels constrained by international law when deciding whether to use military force abroad. Nevertheless, many of the United States' allies are reluctant to cooperate with and participate in military actions that cannot reasonably be justified under international law. And supportive allies, while perhaps not strictly necessary to the United States in its recent and foreseeable military campaigns, do make the military option easier to pursue. A war against Iraq would be difficult without access to bases and airspace in countries as diverse as Turkey, Saudi Arab

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Margolis, Justin. "When Jumbo Jets Share the Sky: Civil Aviation in the European Union and the United States of America." European Foreign Affairs Review 19, Issue 1 (February 1, 2014): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2014005.

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The global scope of civil aviation has increased at an exponential rate since the signature of the Chicago Convention in 1944. However, when it comes to recognizing zones of regional integration, such as the European Common Aviation Area (ECAA), international aviation law lags in progress. This article examines the new challenges in civil aviation arising for the European Union and Europe's relations with third countries, as seen through the lens of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement (OSA).The unification of European airspace and specifically the creation of the Schengen Area are clashing with tra

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Łaski, Piotr. "State Borders in the Light of International Public Law. An Outline of the Issues." Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza 13 (December 31, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2021.13.02.

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Apportionment of authority among states in the space is one of the fundamental function of public international law and aim of that serves state borders institution. State borders are define as a line or surface separating state territories in land, martime and airspace. However exist different kind of borders that their establish in space bases on delimitation and demarcation. As long as do not give rise controversy establish land and maritime borders, while in spite of lack border determine in air space accept that sit height about 100–150 km. To sum up in the light of public international l

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Wang, Lan. "A Brief Analysis of the Defining Standard of the National Territorial Boundary Treaty." Law and Economy 2, no. 2 (February 2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2023.02.04.

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Territorial sovereignty refers to the supreme power a country has over its territory itself and the people and things within its territory, and its content includes ownership and jurisdiction. The state’s ownership of the territory means that the state has the right to possess, use and control all the land and resources within its territory, so the importance of territorial treaties is self-evident. The area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state usually includes land (territorial land), internal waters (including rivers, lakes, and internal seas) within a country’s national borders (bord

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Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika, and I. Ketut Radiasta. "Tanggung Jawab Negara terhadap Penembakan Pesawat MH17 berdasarkan Hukum Internasional." Pandecta: Research Law Journal 14, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v14i1.18987.

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The purpose this research were to find out and analyze the form of the State of Ukraina accountability in shooting MH17 Malaysia Air Lines aircraft and knowing and analyzing the accountability of MH17 Malaysia Air Lines airliners to passengers. The type of research used is a type of normative legal research, the approach in this study is the law approach, case approach, and historical approach, the sources of legal material used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Legal material collection techniques used with document study techniques and legal materials are evaluated, interp

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