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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Alkylation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Myers, K. A. "Alkylation of mitochondrial DNA." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234216.

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2

Feilden, Andrew David. "Alkylation of salicylic acids." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14177/.

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The work described in this thesis has been directed at the development of a novel synthetic route to alkylsalicylic acids. Associated reactions have also been studied. The primary aim has been the synthesising of alkylsalicylic acids possessing an alkyl chain containing more than eight carbon atoms. In addition, a limited study has also been carried out into the sulfurisation of alkylphenols. Both the alkylsalicylic acids and the sulfurised aJkylphenols are used as oil additives. They both act as detergents, keeping an engine clean and neutralising any acids formed in the engine as a result of

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3

Klein, Rosalyn. "Asymmetric α-alkylation reactions". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006710.

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A novel camphor-derived hydroxy ketal 138 has been developed as a crural auxiliary, and used to prepare a series of six carboxylic esters of increasing steric bulk. The α-benzylation of this series of esters was achieved with diastereoselectivities of 59 - 83％ d. e. and in 39 - 48％ material yield. These results compared very favourably with those obtained in earlier studies using a regioisomeric analogue as the chiral auxiliary. Computer.modelling studies of the putative enolate intermediate has provided some insight into the possible mode of electrophilic attack at the α-carbon and the roles

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4

Bisnaire, Michel M. J. "Iron-mediated allylic alkylation reactions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5797.

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In this work it will be shown that Fe(CO)$\sb2$(NO)$\sb2$ mediated allylic alkylation reactions proceed via an intermediate which is neither an $\eta\sp3$-allyliron complex nor an $\eta\sp2$-allyliron complex. Rather, (Fe(CO)(NO)$\sb2$DMM)$\sp-$Na$\sp+$ has been identified as the catalytic intermediate. This provides the first evidence of an interaction between the nucleophile and the metallic center in reactions involving iron nitrosyl complexes. The study of the Fe(CO)$\sb3$(NO)$\sp-$Na$\sp+$, geranyl acetate, and NaDMM system was studied in order to elucidate the catalytically active specie

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5

Walsh, Kelly Ann. "The alkylation of aromatic amines." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7659.

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N-alkylated anilines can be obtained in moderate yields from aniline and methyl formate in the presence of Rh$\sb6$(CO)$\sb $ and KI after 72 hours at 180-200$\sp\circ$C. Ru$\sb3$(CO)$\sb $ gave similar results to the unpromoted rhodium carbonyl system. Formanilide and N-methylformanilide were also formed in the reaction. The (HCr(CO)$\sb5$) -anion in the form of its PPN$\sp+$ and Et$\sb4$N$\sp+$ salts also catalysed this reaction (under hydrogen) but was selective to the formanilide products. The presence of an electron donating group on the aromatic ring favoured the formation of alkylated p

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6

El, Gihani Moharem Taha. "Aspects of some alkylation reactions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10420.

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Friedel-Crafts reactions of the (-)-8-phenylmenthyl and (+ )-trans-2-(acumyl) cycJohexyl aryl hydroxy acetates catalysed by trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) and equivalents in the presence of electron rich heterocycles gave the expected diarylacetates in high de 88%, via a planar cation. The interaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid (TfOH) with either bistrimethylsilyl -acetamide (BSA) or -urea (BSU) can be used to generate stoichiometric amounts of trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) "in situ" , the system can be used efficiently to remove triflic acid from TMSOTf and to generate ca

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7

Evans, Louise Anne. "Ion-pairing in allylic alkylation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529850.

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8

Loaring, Huw W. "Alkylation studies on the gibberellins." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338439.

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9

Latieule, Sylvie. "Alkylation aliphatique sur solide acide." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066740.

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La reaction d'alkylation isobutane/butene-1 a ete etudiee a basse temperature, en utilisant un catalyseur a base d'acide sulfurique concentre, depose sur silice. L'etude bibliographique de la reaction constitue le premier chapitre de cette these. La premiere partie est consacree aux aspects mecanistiques de la reaction, aux catalyseurs d'alkylation et aux procedes industriels. Les themes suivants sont developpes dans la deuxieme partie: activite catalytique, mise en evidence du role des sulfates de butyle et etudes cinetiques. Le second chapitre presente le systeme catalytique utilise et decri

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10

Chumbhale, V. R. "Alkylation reactions over synthetic zeolites." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1992. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5828.

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11

Zhu, Jia Liang. "Reductive alkylation of Ã-cyano ketones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq39611.pdf.

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12

Knowles, Haydn Scott. "The light activated alkylation of glycine." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341492.

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13

Al-Matar, Hamad M. "Alkylation of [60]- and [70]fullerenes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326917.

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14

Ortega-Martínez, Aitor. "Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles by deacylative alkylation and photocatalytic alkylation of olefins by zinc-sulfinates." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/77351.

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La tesis doctoral está dividida en una introducción general y cuatro capítulos. En la introducción general, se describen diferentes productos naturales y derivados sintéticos que contienen un núcleo de oxindol en su estructura junto a comentarios sobre sus actividades biológicas. Además, también están incluidas diversas metodologías de síntesis para la síntesis de estos derivados de oxindol junto a una explicación general sobre el proceso de alquilación desacetilativa. Los capítulos se han desarrollado con una breve introducción, una propuesta de objetivos, comentarios y discusión de los resul

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15

Fretz, Samuel J. "Reductive alkylation of benzoates containing benzylic oxygen." Connect to resource, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45479.

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16

Graham, Ronald Joseph. "The conformationally controlled alkylation of 15-hexadecanolide." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27459.

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The 16-membered lactone 17was synthesized and alkylated to yield a 4:1 ratio of 20 and 19 respectively. The product ratio was rationalized by molecular mechanics calculations on 18. A new polar map convention was developed for conformational analysis of cyclohexadecane.[See Thesis for Diagram]<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Chemistry, Department of<br>Graduate

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17

Hewitt, C. N. "Studies of the natural alkylation of lead." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355056.

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18

Klair, Sukhbinder S. "Stereoselective enolate alkylation of acyl dithiane oxides." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314512.

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19

Hodgson, Anne. "Asymmetric alkylation of substituted beta-keto esters." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292828.

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20

Hodgson, Anne. "Asymmetric alkylation of substituted p-keto esters." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760613.

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21

Chighine, Alessandra. "Microwave-assisted alkylation reactions employing O-alkylisoureas." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13374.

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In recent years, the use of microwave irradiation to accelerate chemical reactions has become increasingly popular. A protocol for the synthesis of esters <i>via</i> reaction of carboxylic acids with <i>O-</i>alkylisoureas under microwave heating was studied. Efficient processes were developed using pre-formed <i>O</i>-alkylisoureas or <i>via</i> an in-situ formation sequence starting from primary and secondary alcohols. It was demonstrated that under these microwave conditions ester formation with primary and secondary alcohols proceeded in good yields and, in the latter case, with clean inve

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22

Carmali, S. "New bis-alkylation reagents for protein conjugation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1462963/.

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Bis-alkylation for disulfide-bridging PEGylation has emerged as a valid strategy for protein conjugation. Proteins can be efficiently modified to add a three-carbon methylene bridge between the two sulfurs in a disulfide bond. The so-called C3 bis-sulfone reagent is a linear poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) that has been functionalised at one terminus with a latently reactive bis-alkylation moiety capable of undergoing sequential Michael reactions. Latency is achieved by utilising leaving groups that must undergo elimination to unmask an ,-unsaturated double bond needed for Michael addition. Str

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23

Mordacque, Olivier Michel André. "Selective alkylation of phenols using solid catalysts." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14186/.

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Alkylphenols are important industrial chemicals used in a wide range of applications. In particular, 2,6-ditertbutylphenol is an indispensable building block for anti-oxidants and light protective agents. A new solid catalyst was prepared, characterised and tested for the alkylation of phenols with alkenes in an attempt to reduce the environmental hazards associated with the aqueous wastes generated by the homogeneously catalysed alkylation reactions. The new silica gel supported aluminium phenolate catalyst was prepared by a two steps procedure, first grafting of an aluminium precursor such a

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24

BODIBO, JEAN-PAULIN. "Alkylation et acylation du phenol sur zeolithes." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2336.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que des catalyseurs zeolithiques peuvent etre substitues aux solutions acide corrosives et dangereuses souvent utilisees pour la synthese d'aromatiques fonctionnels. Les reactions modeles choisies sont d'une part l'alkylation du phenol par le methanol, d'autre part le rearrangement de l'acetate de phenyle. Dans chacun des cas le schema reactionnel est etabli et les mecanismes discutes. Tous les produits de l'alkylation du phenol sur une zeolithe hy resultant de reactions d'o- et c-alkylation. L'anisole et les ortho- et para-cresols sont les produits prim

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25

Kankam, Kofi. "Alkylation of Benzene on Immobilized Phosphotungstic Acid." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3847.

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Linear alkylbenzenes (LAB) are key intermediates in the synthesis of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants that are used in the manufacture of detergents. Production of LAB with traditional Lewis acids as catalysts, such as hydrofluoric acid, results in the formation of large amounts of toxic wastes and corrosion of industrial equipment. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) has gained much attention in recent years as a solid catalyst for various alkylation reactions. This research work aims to develop a novel material based on PTA-containing silica gel, which can effectively catalyze LAB synthesis.

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26

Taylor, Piers. "Aza-enolate alkylation reactions of lactim ethers." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425801.

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27

Parham, Karol Renee. "Carbon Alkylation of 2-Phenylthio-1,3-cyclopentanediones." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625347.

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28

Cann, Patrice. "Etudes de l'alkylation de Williams et de la réaction de Strecker pour l'obtention d'acides alfa-amino-omega-phosphonocarboxyliques optiquements actifs." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2018.

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L'objectif de ce travail etait de mettre au point de nouvelles voies de syntheses d'acides alfa-amino-omega-phosphonocarboxyliques. Dans la premiere partie, apres un rappel bibliographique des differentes methodes de preparation des acides alfa-aminocarboxyliques, nous avons decrit l'alkylation du synthon de williams, analogue chiral de la glycine, par le 4-(bromomethyl)phenyl methylphosphonate de diethyle qui permet d'acceder apres hydrogenolyse au 4-diethylphosphonomethylphenylalanine avec de bon rendement et une excellente stereoselectivite (ee>96%). La deuxieme partie est consacree a la sy

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29

Vergani, Diego. "Shape-selective alkylation of biphenyl over zeolite catalysts /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11139.

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30

Skiti-Mama, Neliswa. "Novel camphor derivatives as potential asymmetric alkylation auxiliaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1077.

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The investigation has been focussed on the synthesis and characterisation of camphor-derived chiral auxiliaries that incorporate two camphor skeletons and an evaluation of their stereodirecting potential in ester α-benzylation reactions. Two regioisomeric camphorquinone-derived monoketals were synthesised and identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR, and X-ray crystallography. The stereo-directing potential of the alcohols that resulted from reduction of these ketones as chiral auxiliaries in the alkylation of carboxylate ester derivatives has been studied. The diastereoselectivities shown by NMR spectros

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31

Stephen, Susanna Catherine. "The study of memory effects in allylic alkylation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322249.

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32

Lorusso, Patrizia. "Metal catalysed alkylation of carbonyl compounds with formaldehyde." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7823.

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Formaldehyde is a chemical used widely in the manufacture of building materials. A remarkable example is represented by the Lucite two-step Alpha technology for the large scale production of methyl methacrylate (MMA), the essential building block of all acrylic-based products. Esters and ketones are important intermediates in the manufacture of acrylate esters therefore α-hydroxymethylenation of carbonyl compounds using formaldehyde as a one carbon alkylating agent and subsequent dehydration to the corresponding methylenated derivatives has been explored in the current work. We report a novel

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33

EJ-JENNANE, KAMAL. "Alkylation et transalkylation des aromatiques sur catalyseurs zeolithiques." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066106.

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Les performances catalytiques de diverses h-mfi, h-mordenite et h-y, en regime, de rapports si/al variables, sont comparees dans les reactions de dismutation du toluene et d'alkylation du toluene par l'ethylene. Les conditions operatoires utilisees sont proches de la realite industrielle. L'influence du rapport si/al, de la taille des pores sur les proprietes catalytiques, ainsi que l'effet de la formation du coke sur l'activite et la stabilite catalytique ont ete particulierement examines. La cinetique de chacune de ces reactions sur zeolithes a egalement ete etudiee. Les resultats experiment

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34

Perfetti, Michael Thomas. "Diastereoselective α-Alkylation of Chiral β-Borylated Esters". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30820.

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The use of boron in the synthesis and development of asymmetric methodologies and various biological and medicinal compounds has increased significantly over the last decade. This thesis reports the development of a novel diastereoselective reaction for the α-alkylation of chiral β-borylated esters. We propose that standard deprotonation of chiral β-borylated esters with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) leads to the formation of a boron"ate" intermediate that upon treatment with an alkylation reagent collapses to provide chiral α, β-substituted boronic esters with a high degree of diastereosel

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35

Alezra, Valérie. "Nouvelles voies d'accés à des sérines alpha-substituées énantiopures à partir d'aziridino-esters ou d'oxazolidino-esters." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P614.

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36

Platon, Alexandru. "Characterization of solid acid catalysts for isobutane/butene alkylation." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2004/a%5Fplaton%5F100104.pdf.

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37

PATOIS, CARL. "Alkylation-metallation des esters et amides phosphoriques : la 1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine precurseur d'acrylates z." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0005.

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L'alkylation-metallation des phosphates par les alkyllithiens permet d'acceder a des carbanions alpha-phosphonyles, qui peuvent etre utilises apres fonctionnalisation comme precurseurs dans la reaction de wittig-horner. Son application a differents composes phosphores cycliques et acycliques est etudiee. La selectivite z:e de la reaction de wittig-horner pour preparer des acrylates est ensuite evaluee en faisant varier l'habillage de l'atome de phosphore. Le choix de diazaphospholidines (bisamides cycliques) permet l'obtention selective d'acrylates z avec de bons rapports z:e (>90:10) dans des

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38

Horvath, Raymond Frank. "Regiochemical control in alkylation reactions of a-silylallyl carbanions." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75863.

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The reaction of a series of 1,1-disubstituted-1-silacyclo-3-pentenes with butyllithium reagents was studied. This reaction depends critically on the substituent at silicon. 1,1-Dimethyl- or 1,1-diphenyl-1-silacyclo-3-pentene has the propensity to undergo anionic polymerization whereas 1,1-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1-silacyclo-3-pentene was metalated cleanly to give the anion derived from proton abstraction on the cyclopentenyl ring. The regioselectivity of the reaction of the silacyclopentenyl anion with electrophiles was examined and found to be influenced by the steric size of the electrophile

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39

Miles, Timothy J. "Synthesis of amino alcohols using a reductive alkylation methodology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289405.

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40

Goldsmith, Paul J. "Copper-catalysed allylic alkylation of electron-deficient allylic halides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430507.

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41

PreÌvost, Natacha. "Radical, alkylation and cycloaddition reactions of a 2-alkylideneaziridines." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273005.

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42

Burguin, Emilie. "Zirconia based solid acids for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420266.

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43

Gouriou, Laure. "Mechanistic studies on metal catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406956.

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44

Tallon, Luka. "Heterogeneous catalysts for the alkylation of amines using alcohols." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51110.

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This PhD thesis describes the Au-catalysed alkylation of amines using alcohols (AAA). The work was broadly divided into two parts: (i) developing mechanistic and kinetic models for the reaction; and (ii) further catalyst development. The introductory Chapter provides and overview of reported homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the AAA reaction, with a comparison of their scope and limitations. Chapter 2 begins with a summary of a previously reported mechanistic model using Au/TiO2 to catalyse the model reaction of aniline with benzyl alcohol in flow. The Chapter proceeds by comparing t

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45

Kantner, Terrence. "Bioconjugation strategies through thiol-alkylation of peptides and proteins." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675737.

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Bioconjugation chemistry generally refers to the covalent derivatisation of biomolecules. Derivatisation of cysteine’s thiol of peptides and proteins is a common method in bioconjugation chemistry as the thiolate is an excellent nucleophile in aqueous conditions. The propensity for thiols to oxidise in an aqueous environment necessitates the need for a disulfide reduction step prior to the addition of ligands derivatised with thiol alkylating linkers. Disulfide reducing agents such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and tris(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THPP) are disulfide reducing agents t

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46

Shen, Di. "Transition metal catalyzed alkylation and synthesis of biotin derivatives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1467ba98-846c-46e6-9620-e4639ed07e43.

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<b>Transition Metal Catalyzed Alkylation</b> We have reported methodology for the use of methanol as an alkylation reagent using catalytic rhodium or iridium species for the formation of branched products from methyl ketones. The synthetic utility of the dialkylated products was enhanced by performing a regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation which allowed access to ester products. A range of different phosphine ligands were screened, and sterically hindered and electron rich phosphine ligands were found to favour the formation of enone and methoxy adducts under an O2 atmosphere. This interru

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47

Arias, Maria. "Horizon "soufre zéro" dans les essences par alkylation catalytique." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10180.

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Suite aux nouvelles réglementations imposées par les législateurs pour une meilleure préservation de l'environnement, la réduction du soufre dans les essences, sans perte d'indice d'octane, conduit à considérer aujourd'hui de nouveaux procédés de désulfuration. Dans cette optique, notre travail a été orienté vers l'élimination du soufre par alkylation catalytique, procédé au cours duquel les composés soufrés sont alourdis pour être ensuite séparés des essences par distillation. Pour cela, un ensemble de catalyseurs acides ont été testés dans la réaction modèle mettant en oeuvre le 3-méthylthio

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Li, Zhaoyang. "DNA alkylation by active metabolites of Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488192960169091.

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Amos, Jacques. "Anion oxalyle équivalent : Alkylation fonctionnalisante stéréospécifique en série stéroïde." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0493_AMOS.pdf.

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Streszczenie:

L'ester glycidique α-chloré dérivé de la 5α-cholestan-3-one se transpose thermiquement pour conduire exclusivement à un cétoester chloré à halogène équatorial. Celui-ci peut être transformé stéréospécifiquement en α-hydroxycétoester à hydroxyle axial, par passage par un époxyéther. Les réactions de l'ester glycidique α-chloré et du cétoester chloré avec les amines fournissent un accès stéréospécifique aux aminocétoesters diastéréoisomères comportant le groupe aminé dans les configurations respectives équatoriales et axiales<br>α-chloroglycidic ester derived from 5α-cholestan-3-one was thermall

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Vijayaraj, M. "Heteroatom alkylation reactions of aromatic compounds over metal oxides." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2006. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2494.

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