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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „AMR International”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 28 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Wernli, Didier, Stephan Harbarth, Nicolas Levrat i Didier Pittet. "A ‘whole of United Nations approach’ to tackle antimicrobial resistance? A mapping of the mandate and activities of international organisations". BMJ Global Health 7, nr 5 (maj 2022): e008181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008181.

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The 2015 World Health Organization Global Action Plan and other international policy documents have stressed the need for a 'whole of United Nations approach' in addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As several years have passed, the goal of this paper is to take stock of the current role, mandate, and activities of international organisations and other global stakeholders on AMR. Relevant information is identified through a web-based search and a review of policy documents from international organisations. Based on the assessment of 78 organisations, 21 have AMR-specific activities in the broader sense, although for many of these organisations, their involvement is limited in scope, and 36 have AMR-sensitive activities reflecting the wide scope of AMR. An interdisciplinary framework based on six relevant challenges of global collective actions regarding AMR as well as the main functions of international organisations in global governance is used to organise the findings into several ‘clusters’. AMR is not a priority for many international organisations, but some of them can leverage current efforts to tackle AMR while contributing to their core agenda. Overall, a ‘whole of UN approach’ to AMR within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals is critical to move the global governance of AMR forward.

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SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India. "International Conclave on AMR and Future of Antibiotics (ICAFA - 2023)". International Coordination of Research on Infectious Animal Diseases (ICRAD) 3, nr 2 (grudzień 2023): 1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gtop.2023.2.0035.

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Dear Esteemed Guests, Distinguished Speakers, Honourable Delegates, and all participants of the "International Conclave on AMR and Future of Antibiotics," It is a great pleasure to extend our warmest welcome to the International Conclave on AMR and Future of Antibiotics, organized by the Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University - AP, Andhra Pradesh, in collaboration with The AMR Insights, The Netherlands, Infection Control Academy of India (IFCAI), Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA), and NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru. This conference is scheduled to take place at SRM University AP, Andhra Pradesh, on November 8 and 9, 2023. The conference addresses antimicrobial resistance issues and discusses antibiotic alternatives, which are paramount in our global healthcare landscape. During this conference, leading experts worldwide and across India will join hands to combat AMR and enlighten young participants on the direction of research, policies, and the significance of antibiotic alternatives. We aim to bring together experts from UK Innovate, AMR Insights (The Netherlands), Global AMR Hub (Berlin, Germany), leading Indian experts, innovators, and stakeholders of the Andhra Pradesh state action plan for the containment of AMR. Andhra Pradesh is the fourth state in India to acknowledge the danger of AMR and proactively initiate steps toward its containment by releasing the Andhra Pradesh Action Plan for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. This conference will be held in a hybrid mode, with both in-person and virtual participants, facilitating the exchange of ideas, networking opportunities, education for the younger generation, and ensuring healthcare safety through policies, awareness, and action plans. Participants, both physical and online attendees, are now important social ambassadors in the fight against the surge of AMR. This two-day conference will include keynote lectures, presentations by young scientists, panel discussions, poster and oral sessions, and interactive networking. The conference will comprise the following seven sessions: AMR in One Health, AMR and Environment, AMR and Omics, AMR – Action Plans and Policy, Alternatives to Antibiotics, AMR and Pathogen Strategies, and the Young Scientist Session. In addition to the main conference event, on November 9, 2023, three roundtables with the themes: 1) One Health, 2) Therapeutics and Vaccines, and 3) Diagnostics and Therapeutics, each lasting 90 minutes, will include experts from UK Innovate, representatives from the Andhra Pradesh Government departments involved in the state action plan, leading researchers from AIIMS Mangalagiri and other universities, and industrial partners. These roundtables will discuss several actions to be taken forward and list "Ten Mantras to Contain AMR Pathogens" – emergency response and action protocols. We quote, " நோய்நாடி நோய்முதல் நாடி அதுதணிக்கும் வாய்நாடி வாய்ப்பச் செயல்" (Kural 948) – Thirukkural, which means diagnosing the root cause of disease, identifying the correct curing, and ensuring its success. Together, we can succeed in containing AMR. Once again, we are honored to welcome you to this unique conference, and let us work towards a safe future.

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3

Boddewyn, Jean J., i Thomas L. Brewer. "International-Business Political Behavior: New Theoretical Directions". Academy of Management Review 19, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1994.9410122010.

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Jack, Gavin A., Marta B. Calás, Stella M. Nkomo i Tuomo Peltonen. "Critique and International Management: an Uneasy Relationship?" Academy of Management Review 33, nr 4 (październik 2008): 870–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.34421991.

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5

Datta, Deepak K. "The Management of International AcquisitionsThe Management of International Acquisitions, by ChildJohnFaulknerDavid, and PitkethlyRobert. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001." Academy of Management Review 27, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.5922492.

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Overton, Kristen, Nicolas Fortané, Alex Broom, Stephanie Raymond, Christoph Gradmann, Ebiowei Samuel F. Orubu, Scott H. Podolsky, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Muhammad H. Zaman i Claas Kirchhelle. "Waves of attention: patterns and themes of international antimicrobial resistance reports, 1945–2020". BMJ Global Health 6, nr 11 (listopad 2021): e006909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006909.

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This article uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to review 75 years of international policy reports on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our review of 248 policy reports and expert consultation revealed waves of political attention and repeated reframings of AMR as a policy object. AMR emerged as an object of international policy-making during the 1990s. Until then, AMR was primarily defined as a challenge of human and agricultural domains within the Global North that could be overcome via ‘rational’ drug use and selective restrictions. While a growing number of reports jointly addressed human and agricultural AMR selection, international organisations (IOs) initially focused on whistleblowing and reviewing data. Since 2000, there has been a marked shift in the ecological and geographic focus of AMR risk scenarios. The Global South and One Health (OH) emerged as foci of AMR reports. Using the deterritorialised language of OH to frame AMR as a Southern risk made global stewardship meaningful to donors and legitimised pressure on low-income and middle-income countries to adopt Northern stewardship and surveillance frameworks. It also enabled IOs to move from whistleblowing to managing governance frameworks for antibiotic stewardship. Although the environmental OH domain remains neglected, realisation of the complexity of necessary interventions has increased the range of topics targeted by international action plans. Investment nonetheless continues to focus on biomedical innovation and tends to leave aside broader socioeconomic issues. Better knowledge of how AMR framings have evolved is key to broadening participation in international stewardship going forward.

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7

Zheng, Hai Bo. "The International Trade Terms Selection Research in International Project Contracting". Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (grudzień 2014): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.1241.

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International trade terms are beneficial to properly solve trade disputes, is of vital importance to the reasonable term selection in international trade. In this article, through the analysis of international trade terms, facilitate people to better understand the global trade terms, to reasonably choose applicable terms.

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8

Kirchhelle, Claas, i Scott H. Podolsky. "An Awkward Fit: Antimicrobial Resistance and the Evolution of International Health Politics (1945-2022)". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 50, S2 (2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2022.78.

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AbstractDespite being acknowledged as a major global health challenge, growing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic and commensal organisms have proven an awkward fit for international health frameworks. This article surveys the history of attempts to coordinate international responses to AMR alongside the origins and evolution of the current international health regulations (IHR). It argues that AMR, which encompasses a vast range of microbial properties and ecological reservoirs, is an awkward fit for the ‘organismal’ philosophies that centre on the rapid control of individual pathogens that have characterised international policy-making since the 19th century.

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9

Özkazanç-Pan, Banu. "International Management Research Meets “The Rest of the World”". Academy of Management Review 33, nr 4 (październik 2008): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.34422014.

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Wang, Yan Ling. "International Logistics Risk Management". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (styczeń 2012): 3112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3112.

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Logistics supply chain system management is the integration of key business processes from end user through original logistics suppliers that provides products, services, and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders. Logistics supply chain is a network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers where the raw materials are acquired, manufactured to products, which then are delivered to consumers. Fierce competition in global markets and the heightened expectations of consumers have forced business enterprises to invest in and focus attention on, the relationships with their customers and suppliers. Interest in supply chain management has also been growing in the industry both in developed and developing countries. Along with the occurrence of several catastrophic events in supply chains, risk management become more and more important. However, participants in the supply chain are separate and independent economic entities, and only consider their own benefits. The international logistics risk management problems are studied in this paper.

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11

Lenway, Stefanie Ann. "Cooperative Strategies in International BusinessCooperative Strategies in International Business, by ContractorFarok J. and LorangePeter. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1988, 544 pp., $65.00, cloth." Academy of Management Review 14, nr 3 (lipiec 1989): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279086.

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Al-Hassan, Leena, Anne Roemer-Mahler, James Price, Jasmin Islam, Hadir El-Mahallawy, Paul G. Higgins, Amira F. A. Hussein, Ignasi Roca i Melanie Newport. "The TACTIC experience: establishing an international, interdisciplinary network to tackle antimicrobial resistance". Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, nr 10 (1.10.2020): 1213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001249.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat that requires an interdisciplinary international approach to address. In response to calls from policymakers and funders alike, a growing number of research networks on AMR have been created with this approach in mind. However, there are many challenges facing researchers in establishing such networks and research projects. In this article, we share our experience of establishing the network ‘TACTIC: Tackling AMR Challenges through Translational Interdisciplinary Collaborations’. Although presented with many challenges both scientific and logistical, the network has underpinned productive interaction between biomedical and social scientists from several countries and fostered true collaboration in an educative, stimulating and sustainable way that forms a platform for important research on AMR.

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13

Shenkar, Oded, i Yoram Zeira. "Human Resources Management in International Joint Ventures: Directions for Research". Academy of Management Review 12, nr 3 (lipiec 1987): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306569.

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Taylor, Sully, Schon Beechler i Nancy Napier. "Toward an Integrative Model of Strategic International Human Resource Management". Academy of Management Review 21, nr 4 (październik 1996): 959–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9704071860.

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Inkpen, Andrew C., i Paul W. Beamish. "KNOWLEDGE, BARGAINING POWER, AND THE INSTABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES". Academy of Management Review 22, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180263.

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Leonardi, Paul M. "Indeterminacy and the Discourse of Inevitability in International Technology Management". Academy of Management Review 33, nr 4 (październik 2008): 975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.34422017.

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Pajaro, Octavio E., Dawn E. Jaroszewski, Robert L. Scott, Anantharam V. Kalya, Henry D. Tazelaar i Francisco A. Arabia. "Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Heart Transplantation: Case Presentation with a Review of Current International Guidelines". Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/351950.

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Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (humoral rejection) of cardiac allografts remains difficult to diagnose and treat. Interest in AMR of cardiac allografts has increased over the last decade as it has become apparent that untreated humoral rejection threatens graft and patient survival. An international and multidisciplinary consensus group has formulated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AMR and established that identification of circulating or donor-specific antibodies is not required and that asymptomatic AMR, that is, biopsy-proven AMR without cardiac dysfunction is a real entity with worsened prognosis. Strict criteria for the diagnosis of cardiac AMR have not been firmly established, although the diagnosis relies heavily on tissue pathological findings. Therapy remains largely empirical. We review an unfortunate experience with one of our patients and summarize recommended criteria for the diagnosis of AMR and potential treatment schemes with a focus on current limitations and the need for future research and innovation.

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18

Duan, Li Bing, Wang Chang Geng, Fu Li Zhang i Xiao Long Shi. "Teaching Transition for International Education from ‘Foreign Students Class’ to ‘International Class’: The Case of Materials Physics Courses". Advanced Materials Research 590 (listopad 2012): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.521.

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Internationalization of higher education has become an irreversible trend of modern world, where international course is the key link. For Chinese universities, during the transition from traditional ‘Foreign students class’ (for foreign students only) to ‘International class’, in which Chinese students and foreign students will be trained under one roof, they have to face great challenges of teaching transition, including teaching contents, methods, examinations transformations. In this paper, taking materials physics courses for example, we put forward some suggestions on teaching transformation of international education from ‘Foreign students class’ to ‘International class’, basing on the experience of one-year visiting in University of Victoria (UVic), Canada and the differences of teaching between our Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) and UVic.

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19

Kirchhelle, Claas, Paul Atkinson, Alex Broom, Komatra Chuengsatiansup, Jorge Pinto Ferreira, Nicolas Fortané, Isabel Frost i in. "Setting the standard: multidisciplinary hallmarks for structural, equitable and tracked antibiotic policy". BMJ Global Health 5, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): e003091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003091.

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There is increasing concern globally about the enormity of the threats posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human, animal, plant and environmental health. A proliferation of international, national and institutional reports on the problems posed by AMR and the need for antibiotic stewardship have galvanised attention on the global stage. However, the AMR community increasingly laments a lack of action, often identified as an ‘implementation gap’. At a policy level, the design of internationally salient solutions that are able to address AMR’s interconnected biological and social (historical, political, economic and cultural) dimensions is not straightforward. This multidisciplinary paper responds by asking two basic questions: (A) Is a universal approach to AMR policy and antibiotic stewardship possible? (B) If yes, what hallmarks characterise ‘good’ antibiotic policy? Our multistage analysis revealed four central challenges facing current international antibiotic policy: metrics, prioritisation, implementation and inequality. In response to this diagnosis, we propose three hallmarks that can support robust international antibiotic policy. Emerging hallmarks for good antibiotic policies are: Structural, Equitable and Tracked. We describe these hallmarks and propose their consideration should aid the design and evaluation of international antibiotic policies with maximal benefit at both local and international scales.

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Gan, Kai Peng. "Sustainable Development in International Law". Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (październik 2011): 1937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1937.

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Over the past decades, the concept of sustainable development has been accepted by international community due to the serious environmental problems. However, the debates surrounding the legal status of sustainable development are continuing all the time. Apparently, sustainable development should be seen as a binding principle of international customary law and its broad policy goal, found in certain international treaties has specific meanings in the text of international laws.

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Parkhe, Arvind. "“Messy” Research, Methodological Predispositions, and Theory Development in International Joint Ventures". Academy of Management Review 18, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 227–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997515.

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Hillman, Amy, i Gerald Keim. "International Variation in the Business-Government Interface: Institutional and Organizational Considerations". Academy of Management Review 20, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503272003.

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Hu, Juan Juan, Yu Long He i Li Li Li. "Global Climate Change and International Countermeasures". Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (grudzień 2012): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1490.

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Climate change is a world-wide problem. The paper analyzed the global climate change characteristics, and put forward that the most important reason in recent years is human activities through many analysis. Then introduced the international negotiations of climate change and summarizes the international experiences that china can learn from.

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Ye, Qing, i Li Yan Han. "The Impact of International Hot Money in International Commodity Future Markets during the Subprime Mortgage Crisis". Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (grudzień 2010): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.744.

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Behavior of traders including investors and speculators in commodity future markets are studied before and after the subprime mortgage crisis. We put our attention on quantity of traders hold positions instead of price volatility or capital return rate of commodity future markets. By standardize correlation coefficients of net positions we try to quantify the impact of speculative funds on behalf of international hot money in international commodity futures markets in the subprime mortgage crisis. Parametric and non-parametric tests are used in this paper. The empirical results reveal that investment directions of speculators do change in crisis and they connect more tightly with markets compared with investors for that their find more opportunities and higher return rate during the Subprime mortgage crisis.

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Black, J. Stewart, Mark Mendenhall i Gary Oddou. "Toward a Comprehensive Model of International Adjustment: An Integration of Multiple Theoretical Perspectives". Academy of Management Review 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4278938.

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Yan, Aimin, Guorong Zhu i Douglas T. Hall. "International Assignments for Career Building: A Model of Agency Relationships and Psychological Contracts". Academy of Management Review 27, nr 3 (lipiec 2002): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.7389910.

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Lv, Xian Jiao, i Xiao Yan Zou. "Adaptation to the International Pollutant Control in Dynamic Framework". Advanced Materials Research 739 (sierpień 2013): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.361.

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Most analysis of global warming are seldom analyses the countries adaptability to the climate change but may have an impact on the strategy of tackling global worming. Even if considered the influence, just works with the simple static model and not the dynamic model to analyze. This study is considering adaptation that is crucial for the analysis of the pollutant control problems in the dynamic framework. We show that the optimal trajectory and stock in the global optimality and Nash equilibrium respectively.

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Budak, Jehan, Eneyi E. Kpokiri, Emily Abdoler, Joseph Tucker, Brian Schwartz i Brian Schwartz. "2547. Prioritizing Antimicrobial Resistance Learning Objectives Through a Modified, Two-Round, One-Day Delphi at a Multidisciplinary Conference". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (październik 2019): S885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2225.

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Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem, but the learning needs of the medical profession on this topic are not well understood. The World Health Organization has called for better educational resources on AMR. Thus, we aimed to identify AMR learning objectives for physicians and medical trainees. Methods We designed a modified, two-round Delphi process to build consensus around these objectives, recruiting attendees at a one-day, multidisciplinary, international AMR symposium. Through review of the literature and discussion with experts in AMR, we generated an initial list of 17 objectives. We asked participants to rate the importance of including each objective in an AMR curriculum for physicians on a 5-point Likert scale, which ranged from “do not include” (1) to “very important to include” (5). Consensus for inclusion was predefined as ≥ 80% of participants rating the objective ≥ 4. Results The first round was completed by 30 participants, and the second by 21. Nobody declined to participate, but several people had to leave between rounds. Participants included physicians, researchers, graduate students, and a pharmacist, foundation manager, patient advocate, leader of an international financial institution, health administrator, and biomedical scientist. After the first round, 16 objectives met the consensus criteria, and participants suggested five additional topics. After the second round, 12 objectives met the consensus criteria (see Table 1). Objectives related to treatment of AMR most frequently met consensus criteria. Specific objectives with the highest consensus ratings were related to identifying infections not requiring antibiotics and recognizing the importance of using the narrowest spectrum antibiotic for the shortest period of time. Conclusion We successfully employed a modified, one-day Delphi process at an international, multidisciplinary AMR symposium to build consensus among experts and stakeholders regarding key learning objectives for AMR. This technique may be useful for guideline committees and other taskforces in the Infectious Diseases community. Our generated list may be useful for those developing AMR training materials for medical students and physicians. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Fan, Jiao Yan, i Wen Bo Huang. "Comparative Study of International Energy Security Strategies". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (maj 2012): 2570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2570.

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With the increasingly tense global situation, international interests chains are more complicated. Energy is playing an important role. The scientific formulation and implementation of Energy strategy are not only benefit to a country's domestic development, but also greatly affect a country's international status in the world stage. Therefore the study of international energy strategy is necessary. This article first analyzes the current energy situation of China, then makes a comparison of different countries’energy security strategies, raises some useful recommendations to Chinese energy security strategy in the end.

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Zhao, Rong Ying, Min Wang, Zhan Hai Dang, Zhao Dang i Gui Zhang. "Visual Analysis of International Oil Flax Research". Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (wrzesień 2011): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.673.

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Oil flax is one of five major oil crops. Linseed and linseed oil have important uses. Linseed is rich in flax gum, and it can be used as food additives, cosmetics raw powder, pharmaceutical raw materials. Linseed oil is a kind of high quality edible oil, rich in α-linolenic acid and various unsaturated fatty acids, and it plays an important role in the promotion of human intelligence, physical brain, preventing cardiovascular disease, and the suppression of disease genes.This paper selects the SCI database as the data source, and do visual analysis on the international literature related to oil flax. With the help of information visualization software CiteSpace, we can clearly display and analyze the annual published articles within and outside the country, main nations and institutions doing oil flax research, subject distribution and highly cited works. Through these analyses, we can clearly see the overall situation of oil flax.

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Nikitin, Yury, Vasiliy Goryunov, Vera Murgul i Nikolay Vatin. "Russian Sections at World and International Fairs". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (grudzień 2014): 2674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2674.

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Russian exposition pavilions at world and international fairs, expressive and unique in their artistic formulation, were always among the most visible national buildings. Beginning with the first structures at the 1867 World Fair in Paris, Russia presented medieval Russian architectural forms at all subsequent exhibitions. An important feature of Russia’s exhibition building abroad was the supreme desire to achieve high quality despite the fact that the structures were doomed to destruction. Russian architects strove to create an original image of the national exhibition pavilion, and so their appeal to medieval Russian architecture was natural. The path followed by Russia when participating in world and international exhibitions was not chosen by chance. This was the route to Russia’s assertion of her national culture in the West.

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Guo, Si Zhe, Qing Ping Wang i Ming Ming Hou. "A Discussion on the Construction of Information Integration Based on the Integrated Development and Management of International River". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (lipiec 2014): 5267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5267.

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Integrated development and management of international rivers requires objectively international river’s information integration.Based on the analysis of the connotation and requirement of integrated development and management of international rivers, the article point out that the information integration is the basis and means of the of integrated development and management of international rivers. And then analyze how to utilize modern information technology to build information management system of international river to achieve international river’s information sharing and scientific decision-making. Finally, analyze the factors affecting international river information integration.

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Seale, Anna C., N. Claire Gordon, Jasmin Islam, Sharon J. Peacock i J. Anthony G. Scott. "AMR Surveillance in low and middle-income settings - A roadmap for participation in the Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS)". Wellcome Open Research 2 (26.09.2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12527.1.

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Drug-resistant infections caused by bacteria with increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threaten our ability to treat life-threatening conditions. Tackling AMR requires international collaboration and partnership. An early and leading priority to do this is to strengthen AMR surveillance, particularly in low-income countries where the burden of infectious diseases is highest and where data are most limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS) as one of a number of measures designed to tackle the problem of AMR, and WHO member states have been encouraged to produce National Action Plans for AMR by 2017. However, low-income countries are unlikely to have the resources or capacity to implement all the components in the GLASS manual. To facilitate their efforts, we developed a guideline that is aligned to the GLASS procedures, but written specifically for implementation in low-income countries. The guideline allows for flexibility across different systems, but has sufficient standardisation of core protocols to ensure that, if followed, data will be valid and comparable. This will ensure that the surveillance programme can provide health intelligence data to inform evidence-based interventions at local, national and international levels.

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Wang, Li, i Chun Feng. "The International Research Progress of GaN-Based Microwave Electronic Devices". Advanced Materials Research 1053 (październik 2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.69.

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The international research progress of GaN-based high frequency, high power microwave electronic device is introduced. The latest developments in high efficiency and millimeter wave devices are especially described.

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Chen, Di, i Jie Lv. "The Comparative Analysis of International Competitiveness on China's Peanut Industry". Advanced Materials Research 601 (grudzień 2012): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.537.

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This paper examines China's peanut industry's competitiveness under the framework of international trade by appliying comparative statics and emperical method. Specifically, datas including price, market share, competitiveness index and revealed comarative adavantage index are measured in the estimation. The main conclusion is that China's peanut production still has an edge, albeit receding, over that of some other countries like the U.S., India, and Argentina. The authors also augure that in order to improve the competitiveness of the peanut industry, one could facilitate the export practice and exploit the vertical related industries in which raw peanut is intermediate input.

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Liu, Dong Hua, i Xiao Kong Xiao. "Application of Electronic Bills of Lading in International E-Commerce". Advanced Materials Research 680 (kwiecień 2013): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.546.

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The traditional bill of lading is of great value in the maritime industry. However, as electronic communication takes over in international trade, the electronic bill of lading is now being considered first in some situations. A brief introduction of the bill of lading will be made together with a general comparison between the traditional bill of lading and the electronic bill of lading. Further analysis will concentrate on the issues of how the electronic bill of lading applies in some particular international e-commerce cases and how we can improve the new electronic data interchange system. Finally, this paper aims to demonstrate that it may be advantageous to ultimately switch entirely from the paper bill of lading to an electronic one in a modern e-commerce-driven society.

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Kang, Lin. "The Research on Localization Strategies of International Brands for Advertising Transmission". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (styczeń 2012): 5268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5268.

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In this paper has studied international advertising named "The Thought for Globally Localized Implementation” strategy on the spread for the transnational corporations. It has described the definition of international advertising, international advertising, development, its important position in the international marketing and the international advertising research to illustrate the strategic importance spread. And then it has analyzed and discussed the spread to international advertising "The Thought for Globally Localized Implementation "strategies. This paper has also analyzed how the well-known multinational corporations have successfully implemented the advertising "The Thought for Globally Localized Implementation "strategies in the international market, with the communication to achieve the combination of theory and practice. Finally, with the analysis of the above theory and case, some suggestions are proposed on the international advertising communication for the enterprises in the future.

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Reinhardt, Carl J. "Competitiveness of South African Foundries – A Review and Comparison of Sand, Permanent Mould and Investment Foundries". Advanced Materials Research 1019 (październik 2014): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1019.133.

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South African Foundries have promptly been met with challenges from international competition due in part to trade “liberalisation” of South African foreign trade. To objectively evaluate the challenge, data from selected local foundries were analysed together with and compared to international data from selected countries from industry and specific foundry macro level. The review seeks to evaluate the impact of resource use efficiency and resource specific cost on the local foundry and compare the challenges and opportunities available specifically to the local foundry industry. A simplified financial model was used to output an income statement type result containing the major cost elements, to arrive at levels of profitability, which was used to evaluate and compare the competitiveness of the local to international foundry industry. From these results, some macro suggestions for the local foundry industry to achieve sustainable cost competiveness improvements become apparent. Index Terms: South African Foundries, Sand, Investment, Die, Gravity, High Pressure, Benchmarking, Resource efficiency, Resource usage, Resource costs, International comparison.

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Li, Zhao Hui, i Jun Feng Li. "Socially Responsible Index: International Experiences and China’s Practices". Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (październik 2011): 1740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1740.

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This paper focuses on the compiling and the role of the socially responsible index. Socially responsible investment originated from ethically investing teachings and developed on growing social awareness. Social responsibility indexes are products of the development of social responsibility investment. The Domini 400 Social Index, the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes and the Calvert Social Index are typical cases of international social responsibility indexes. They are compiled on the base of consistency, flexibility and transparency and their component stocks are selected according to triple bottom line. Compared with international experiences, China’s social responsibility indexes have a shorter history and some problems.

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Ruan, Yan Hua, Ying Liu i Min Dou. "Evaluation on International Student Teaching Quality Guarantee System". Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (maj 2013): 3659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3659.

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This paper builds an evaluation index system by analyzing the influential factors of international student education quality and defines the calculation methods and evaluation standard. Finally, we builds international student education quality guarantee system evaluation model based on rough sets and support vector machine, and verifies the science and feasibility of this model by instance.

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Dong, Na, Ru Wen Tan i Feng Xiong. "Challenges and Resolutions for Chinese International Engineering Projects". Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (luty 2012): 2385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2385.

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With more and more Chinese construction enterpries listed in the most competitive 225 international contractors, there are still many problems challenging the International Engineering Projects of Chinese construction contractors which can be verified by the recent light rail project carried out by the Chinese railroad construction company in Saudi Arabia. Inspired by the failure experience, the paper investigates deeply the major problems challenging the Chinese international contractors and finally some practical and urgent solutions are proposed.

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Lan, Lan, Qing He, Qiang Liu i Xiao Tong Zhao. "Relationship between Dollar Exchange Rate, Monetary Liquidity and International Oil Price". Advanced Materials Research 773 (wrzesień 2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.939.

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This paper provides an analysis on three variables based on observation and experiment: Brent oil prices, the dollar exchange rate and the dollar liquidity (M2), and verifies their interactions relations. The analysis shows that the Granger reason of Brent oil price is the dollar exchange rate and extends the Krugmans achievement. The concept of dollar liquidity (M2) illustrates the important role of oil price in global economic system. China should guide the oil price to a reasonable interval by making full use of the top of oil consumption status in the world.

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Wang, Li Shang, Tao Yu, Jing Zhou, Hong Yu Dong i Jian Chao Zhu. "The Application and Research of Value Engineering for International EPC Project". Advanced Materials Research 684 (kwiecień 2013): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.611.

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Design & Build contract is the main contracting model in the international construction market which has a high standard requirement for the main contractor which encompasses analysis of the project and cost control, critical Value Engineering in Design review stage are necessary part for the whole project. This article elaborates how to do the VE during the design stage and the practice of approval process of VE is a very effective method to create benefits for the whole project.

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Behdinan, Asha, Steven J. Hoffman i Mark Pearcey. "Some Global Policies for Antibiotic Resistance Depend on Legally Binding and Enforceable Commitments". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, S3 (2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12277.

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This article assesses which policies for addressing antibiotic resistance (ABR) as part of a multi-pronged approach would benefit from legalization through an international legal agreement. Ten candidate policies were identified based on a review of existing literature, especially The Lancet Series on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), The Lancet Infectious Diseases Commission on AMR, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan for AMR. These policies were then grouped under the headings of access, conservation, and innovation.Each of the ten policies were assessed using four criteria developed by Hoffman, Røttingen, and Frenk to help consider why their legalization may be helpful, necessary and/or justified. These criteria are: (1) the problem has a significant transnational dimension; (2) the goal justifies the coercive nature of law; (3) the outcome is likely to be beneficial; and (4) legalization represents the best commitment mechanism among competing alternatives.

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Yang, Hua Long, Ying Feng Ji, Hui Cao i Liang Liang Wang. "Optimal Transportation Solution to International Project Logistics Based on Decision Network Planning". Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (sierpień 2011): 2185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2185.

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To succeed in uncertain and constantly changing international business environment, firms need to adopt international project logistics. This paper explores the characteristics and analyzes the current situation related to the concept of international project logistics. The optimization model for transportation solution to international project logistics was established based on decision network planning technique and uncertainty theory. Stochastic programming theory was also applied to solve the model which allows decision-makers to reduce the total cost to as low as possible, guaranteed by a certain probability. Finally, an empirical study on international project logistics was conducted to verify the validity of the model. The knowledge gained from findings of this research can be used as framework for the development of international project logistics.

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Kedia, Ben L., i Rabi S. Bhagat. "Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management". Academy of Management Review 13, nr 4 (październik 1988): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4307424.

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Milliman, John, Mary Ann Von Glinow i Maria Nathan. "Organizational Life Cycles and Strategic International Human Resource Management in Multinational Companies: Implications for Congruence Theory". Academy of Management Review 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 318–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4278949.

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Seale, Anna C., Coll Hutchison, Silke Fernandes, Nicole Stoesser, Helen Kelly, Brett Lowe, Paul Turner i in. "Supporting surveillance capacity for antimicrobial resistance: Laboratory capacity strengthening for drug resistant infections in low and middle income countries". Wellcome Open Research 2 (26.09.2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12523.1.

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Development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens our ability to treat common and life threatening infections. Identifying the emergence of AMR requires strengthening of surveillance for AMR, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the burden of infection is highest and health systems are least able to respond. This work aimed, through a combination of desk-based investigation, discussion with colleagues worldwide, and visits to three contrasting countries (Ethiopia, Malawi and Vietnam), to map and compare existing models and surveillance systems for AMR, to examine what worked and what did not work. Current capacity for AMR surveillance varies in LMICs, but and systems in development are focussed on laboratory surveillance. This approach limits understanding of AMR and the extent to which laboratory results can inform local, national and international public health policy. An integrated model, combining clinical, laboratory and demographic surveillance in sentinel sites is more informative and costs for clinical and demographic surveillance are proportionally much lower. The speed and extent to which AMR surveillance can be strengthened depends on the functioning of the health system, and the resources available. Where there is existing laboratory capacity, it may be possible to develop 5-20 sentinel sites with a long term view of establishing comprehensive surveillance; but where health systems are weaker and laboratory infrastructure less developed, available expertise and resources may limit this to 1-2 sentinel sites. Prioritising core functions, such as automated blood cultures, reduces investment at each site. Expertise to support AMR surveillance in LMICs may come from a variety of international, or national, institutions. It is important that these organisations collaborate to support the health systems on which AMR surveillance is built, as well as improving technical capacity specifically relating to AMR surveillance. Strong collaborations, and leadership, drive successful AMR surveillance systems across countries and contexts.

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Starik, Mark. "Corporate Environmentalism in a Global Economy: Societal Values in International Technology TransferCorporate Environmentalism in a Global Economy: Societal Values in International Technology Transfer, by BrownHalina Szejnwald, DerrPatrick, RennOrtawin, and WhiteAllen L. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1993." Academy of Management Review 20, nr 4 (październik 1995): 1105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280030.

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Wilson, Lindsay A., Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Isaac Weldon i Steven J. Hoffman. "A Global Pandemic Treaty Must Address Antimicrobial Resistance". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, nr 4 (2021): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.94.

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AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the defining global health threats of our time, but no international legal instrument currently offers the framework and mechanisms needed to address it. Fortunately, the actions needed to address AMR have considerable overlap with the actions needed to confront other pandemic threats.

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