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Nguyen, Quang Huy. "Analyse hautes fréquences pour les équations des ondes de surface". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS175.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation is devoted to the mathematical analysis of the water waves systems. We focus on the dispersive property and the Cauchy problem for rough initial data. One of the main objects of study is the gravity-capillary water waves system. We establish blow-up criteria and the persistence of Sobolev regularity. By proving Strichartz estimates for rough solutions, we obtain Cauchy theories for non-Lipschitz initial velocity. In another part of the dissertation, we study the dispersive property of the fully nonlinear water waves systems. More specifically, we are interested in Strichartz estimates. We prove for sufficiently smooth solutions that the nonlinear systems obey the same Strichartz estimates as their linearizations do
Ramirez-Garcia, Eloy. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation du bruit haute fréquence des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonctions SiGe et InGaAs/InP pour les applications très hautes fréquences". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604071.
Pełny tekst źródłaRamirez-garcia, Eloy. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation du bruit haute fréquence des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonctions SiGe et InGaAs/InP pour les applications très hautes fréquences". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112082/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to fulfil the roadmap for the development of telecommunication and information technologies (TIC), low noise level and very fast semiconductor devices are required. Heterojunction bipolar transistor has demonstrated excellent high frequency performances and becomes a candidate to address TIC roadmap. This work deals with experimental analysis and high frequency noise modelling of Si/SiGe:C HBT (STMicroelectronics tech.) and InP/InGaAs HBT (III-V Lab Alcatel-Thales).Chapter I introduces the basic concepts of HBTs operation and the characterization at high-frequency. This chapter summarizes the high frequency performances of many state-of-the-art HBT technologies. The first part of chapter II describes the two HBT sets, with paying attention on the impact of the base composition (SiGe:C) or the lateral reduction of the device (InGaAs) on static and dynamic performances. Based on TCAD modelling, the second part shows that a 15-25% germanium composition profile in the base is able to reach highest dynamic performances. Chapter III summarizes the static and dynamic results at low temperature, giving a separation of the intrinsic transit times and charging times involved into the performance limitation. Chapter IV presents noise measurements and the derivation of high frequency noise analytical models. These models highlight the impact of the current crowding and the self-heating effects, and the influence of the base-emitter heterojunction on the high frequency noise. According to these models the high frequency noise performances are estimated at low temperature for both HBT technologies
Cimatti, Zoé. "Caractérisation des oscillations hautes fréquences en magnétoencéphalographie : application à la crampe de l'écrivain". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066317.
Pełny tekst źródłaTolentino, Marc. "Résolution hautes fréquence d'équations intégrales par une méthode de discrétisation microlocale". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005622.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe développement et la mise au point d'un code ont été effectués au CERMICS-INRIA Sophia-Antipolis. La vérification de la validité de notre code s'appuie sur des calculs de surface équivalente radar. Des résultats numériques encourageants sont présentés pour des obstacles convexes et non-connexes.
La méthode est ensuite étendue aux opérateurs pseudo-différentiels et Fourier-intégraux. Ils interviennent dans le cas de milieux hétérogènes et anisotropes.
Razafferson, Richard. "Analyse du rayonnement et des couplages électromagnétiques provoqués par des signaux hautes fréquences interférant avec des câbles d'énergie basse tension". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-173.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilon-Harnois, Gaëlle. "Détection automatique et analyse des oscillations à haute fréquence en EEG-HD de surface". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0054.
Pełny tekst źródłaConditions of a third of epileptics are not improved with current treatments, pushing doctors to consider surgery to remove the brain area generating seizures. High Frequency Oscillations (HFO) are emerging as a biomarker to localize these epileptogenic zones, but their detection is difficult due to their rarity and brevity. In scalp EEG the low amplitude of the signal complicates the task. This thesis aims to automate the detection of HFO in EEG-HD signals recorded at 1 KHz on 256 electrodes in 5 pediatric patients. After visual marking of HFO, classification models between HFO and background noise were explored. Signal processing knowledge has been exploited to extract features from time or frequency domain. The most statistically relevant features were selected and submitted to classic supervised algorithms (Logistic regression, random forest, MLP, gradient boosting). These methods were compared to deep algorithms (CNN, LSTM, Attention) automatically generating signal characteristics in the 1D time domain or those of 2D time-frequency maps. All models show convincing results, with the deep 1D algorithms being more efficient reaching 91% sensitivity and 87% specificity, outperforming previously published surface HFO detectors. Running the best models on the entire signal to automatically detect HFO showed promising results but this part of the work remains to be improved to overcome the HFO rarity in the data. Several lines of research are suggested
Collen, Patrice. "Techniques d'enrichissement de spectre des signaux audionumériques". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000512.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoyer, Julien. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz dissipative". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578423.
Pełny tekst źródłaNovinyo, Kossi Edem. "Analyse de l'efficacité de la ventilation par oscillation haute fréquence (VOHF)". Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ010S.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) consists of insufflation at high frequency of current volumes lower than anatomical dead space, in order to purify carbon dioxide, which are residues of the cellular activities.This work consists in proving the effectiveness of the HFOV. Indeed, treatment of patients using HFOV allows satisfactory care of them, but with empirical adjustments of parameters involved in its use. Moreover, because of, the inhomogeneity of the patients, in one hand, and the impossibility of making clinical tests on people suffering from HMD (Hyaline Membrane Disease) or ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), etc…, in the other hand, the use of the HFOV become increasingly complex for hospital staff.To analyze these difficulties, we, first, identified the influence of the amplitude of pressure and that of the frequency on the purification of two simple models of analogues. The results of these models prove that these parameters support the increase in alveoli’s volume according to their elasticity. Other results of these models are the basis for the development of future work in a numerical model of HFOV. Then, because of the limitation of the control range of certain parameters of the HFOV's machine, we designed and conducted series of tests with two types of analogues, the first one having rigid closures in the last generation of branches and the second having flexible closures in the same generation of branches. Thus, with this new device, we carried out the analysis of the influence of each one of these factors over the time of purification of the two models according to 12 sets of parameters of the Taguchi’s table L12 (23x31). With the introduction of the elasticity of flexible membranes, we noted not only, the significant reduction in the purification time, but also that the existence of an optimal frequency, function of the length of respiratory airways of the patients (age), which increases this efficiency. According to this study, the forced diffusion remains the principal mechanism, responsible for the efficiency of the HFOV. The analysis of influence of the parameters setting- entry velocity of oxygen, amplitude of pressure, oscillatory frequency and gravity- has been made in this work.Then, we simulated numerically the two experimental models of the tests, in order to confirm the experimental trends of these factors. Indeed, these two models were implemented in the software CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamic) Fluent. The results from these numerical models are agreed with those of the experimental models.Furthermore, we set up a model of Spontaneous Ventilation (SV) by using a more complex analogue with all the 23 generations of branches that has a human lung. Indeed, the movement of the 300 millions and the rib cage were modeled by that of 2,097,152 pistons. The results of this model confirm those of existing work on the SV.The future goal would be to conduct a comparative study between two numerical models, the SV and the HFOV by taking into account of alveolar diffusion mechanism
Fouassier, Elise. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz avec terme source". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080011.
Pełny tekst źródłaNos résultats concernent deux cadres d'étude : le cas de deux sources quasi-ponctuelles (pour lequel nous nous limitons à un indice de réfraction constant), et le cas d'un indice de réfraction discontinu le long d'une interface séparant deux milieux inhomogènes non bornés.
Dans les deux cas, nous montrons que, sous des hypothèses géométriques appropriées, la mesure de Wigner est l'intégrale le long des rayons de l'optique géométrique et jusqu'en temps infini, d'une source d'énergie qui mesure les interactions résonantes entre la source et la solution.
Fouassier, Élise. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz avec terme source". Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080011.
Pełny tekst źródłaGorini, Luca. "Geometric shape optimization for reflective optics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX127.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we are interested in the shape optimization of telescopes mirrors based on the Hadamard's boundary variation method. Two models are proposed in order to described propagation of light in the telescope. The first model we consider is a theoretical scattering problem at finite frequency around a metallic mirror. We propose a cost function involving the electromagnetic field on the focal plane and whose limit corresponds to some optical criteria. To this aim, a pseudo-differential operator on the focal plane is used. Its symbol allows to represent phase space regions where we want to concentrate rays.Once a cost defined, we obtain a shape derivative of the cost with the Hadamard's method. Using limit measures of Wigner transforms of direct and adjoint states, high frequency limits of shape derivatives are expressed.The second model we consider is a ray tracing model. Two entrant random variables model position and direction at the telescope entrance. Once propagated according to Snell-Descartes laws, two random variables representing position and direction of rays on the focal plane are obtained. We adapt the Hadamard's method to the case of random variables depending on mirrors shapes. Shape derivatives for rather general costs are obtained.This second approach is useful to characterize more precisely the limit measures involved in the high frequency limit of shape derivatives obtained in the Maxwell's case. In those cases, an adjoint state is derived and a new practical expression of the shape derivative is given.Numerical simulations are performed on simple optical examples in order to validate the shape derivative
Ficuciello, Antonio. "Analyse des effets acoustiques à haute fréquence/haute intensité sur l'injection coaxiale : application aux moteurs-fusées". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR106/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe context of this work relies to high frequency combustion instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines (LRE). The present research focuses on the effects of high amplitude transverse acoustic fields on non-reactive coaxial injection. The acoustic response of injection domes is found to be dependent on the local properties of the acoustic field in the injection cavity. The modification of the atomization process, induced by the acoustic field, has been analyzed in single and multi-injection configurations. Experiments were performed from low to high Weber number atomization regimes. Three phenomena are observed: jet flattening, improvement of the atomization process and deviation. The combination of these phenomena in multi-injection configurations leads to a droplet clustering phenomenon. In the presence of combustion, such a clustering could lead to non-uniform heat release rate which can trigger or sustain combustion instabilities. A theoretical model based on non-linear acoustics has been developed, providing general expressions of radiation pressure and resulting radiation force, for spherical and cylindrical objects in standing and progressive wave field. The model has been successfully used to interpret and quantify experimental observations in liquid/gas, trans-critical/super-critical and gas/gas configurations and showed that the Helmholtz number α characterizing the acoustic field and the density ratio η characterizing the two media are two parameters of importance. The major conclusions are that the observed phenomena can be interpreted as resulting from non-linear acoustics, the key feature being the density ratio. It is claimed that the layer separating the two media, seen as an interface, does not need to be restricted only to a liquid/gas interface
Duyckaerts, Thomas. "Etude haute fréquence de quelques problèmes d'évolution singuliers". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112321.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work we study linear partial differential evolution equations from a micro-local point of view. Two types of equations appear. The first chapter is devoted to the decay of solutions of the linear equation of magneto-elasticity, which describes the displacement of a tridimensional, bounded, simply-connected solid in a constant exterior magnetic field. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition of uniform stability for finite energy solutions of the system. The condition involves the geometry of the domain and the direction of the magnetic field. When this condition is not satisfied, we show that solutions with smooth initial data decay at least polynomially. The proofs of the two results are based on the study of observability inequalities on the Lamé system, using propagation arguments on micro-local defect measures for high frequency solutions of the Lamé system. In chapter 2 and 3, we consider a Laplace operator P with a potential in the euclidian space and the related wave and Schrödinger equations. The real potential V, small at infinity, is bounded outside a finite number of poles, where it takes infinite values. The critical singularities are in inverse square of the distance to a given pole. In order to extend previous results on evolution equations for the one-pole operator (easier because some explicit calculations are possible), we show the usual non-trapping high frequency inequality on the resolvent of P. This inequality implies the well known local smoothing effect with gain of one half derivative on the Schrödinger equation. The proof is also based on the use of a micro-local defect measure, but in a semi-classical context. The third chapter emphasizes the critical nature of inverse square singularities. An example of an unipolar potential is given, of the order of an inverse square up to a logarithm correction, for which high frequency inequalities on the resolvent of P fail. Furthermore, some solutions of the corresponding wave and Schrödinger equations are shown to contradict all the standard dispersive estimates that hold for the free equations
Delattre, Frédéric. "Analyse des fonctions de transfert en moyenne et haute fréquence par lissage fréquentiel". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0042.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the analysis of sinus excited beam trusses, a new method in the medium and high frequency range is studied. The frequency function is smoothed by the use of semi-infinite media hypothesis : modal behaviour is forgotten thanks to the suppress of return waves in the truss; the direct wave propagation is kept according to the concept of direct structural paths from the excitation node to the response nod; geometric mean appears to be strictly linked to this frequency smoothing method through the filtering of the energy cepstra. A method of natural smoothing of measurement frequency functions is proposed by the use of the energy cepstra
Noumir, Youness. "Une analyse haute fréquence des équations de l’aéroacoustique : étude mathématique et simulations numériques". Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132002.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn most cases, the eikonal equation for the phase and the transport equation for the associated amplitude, of the high frequency approximation of the acoustic perturbation, are determined by the ray tracing method. This Lagrangien approach has some difficulties especially it is computationally intensive and not guaranteed calculations in the vicinity of caustic. Following and extending the works of Benamou et al. , we propose a resolution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation obtained for the phase as an PDE on an Eulerian grid and use the techniques of Lax and Rauch to obtain the leading order term of the amplitude of the wave. In this work, we study the acoustic propagation in the high frequency regime. In the presence of nonuniform mean fluid flow, it isn’t straightforward to reduce the Euler system to a scalar PDE on the acoustic pressure. The aim of this thesis is to perform, both theoretically and numerically, a high-frequency analysis of the solution of the linearized Euler system with variable coefficients using Eulerian methods. We shall compute numerically the phase and give the method to evaluate the leading order term of the amplitude. Our results are still valid in the neighborhood of a fold caustic
Goujot, Daniel. "Méthodes d'ondelettes pour l'analyse numérique d'intégrales oscillantes". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008353.
Pełny tekst źródłaNadeau, Larochelle Corinne. "Identification de la base moléculaire de l'antigène érythrocytaire de haute fréquence PEL". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30375/30375.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSendanyoye, Vénuste. "Analyse de régime transitoire des convertisseurs continu-continu à résonance fonctionnant à haute fréquence". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5575/1/000583323.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCogitore, Bruno. "Recherche de circuits équivalents pour les composants magnétiques haute fréquence". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0059.
Pełny tekst źródłaJunqua, Isabelle. "Pénétration des ondes électromagnétiques haute fréquence dans des systèmes : analyse et évaluation par l'approche Power Balance". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10053/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is dedicated to the analysis and assessment of high frequency coupling mechanisms in a complex oversized system, by the so called Power Balance method (PWB). The method, developed here, consists in modelling electromagnetic interactions of the initial problem by applying the fundamentals of the electromagnetic topology and by joining a characterization of interactions through energetic and macroscopic concepts. First, theoretical background of electromagnetic topology as well as principles to characterize electromagnetic environment in an oversized cavity by using mode stirring reverberation chamber techniques are recalled. By coupling these two approaches and by assuming that mechanisms of dissipation and/or transfer of energy in a system are independent from each other, we show how BLT equations of electromagnetic topology can be used to manage interactions in the system. In a second time, PWB elementary models of mean coupling cross sections which quantifythese mechanisms, as Joule losses in materials, coupling with cables, or energy transfer through apertures, have been developed and validated by comparison to bibliography or experimentation. Finally, the PWB approach has been validated with 3 examples of systems of increasing complexity: a generic cylindrical structure, embedded equipment and the central part of a Rafale aircraft. Therefore, the potentiality of the PWB methodology has been widely demonstrated
Robert, Christian Yann. "Analyse des queues de distribution et des valeurs extrêmes en finance : applications aux séries financières haute fréquence". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077164.
Pełny tekst źródłaAhmad, Ahmad. "Contribution à la modélisation des transformateurs de puissance et de leur comportement en haute fréquence". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaAssaad, Jamal. "Modélisation des transducteurs piézoélectriques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis". Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/daff1271-db25-4894-82dd-828d666c589c.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilloux, Frédéric. "Analyse harmonique et Estimation spectrale sur la Sphère.Applications à l'étude du Fond diffus cosmologique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347673.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa localisation des needlets (récente construction d'ondelettes) sur la sphère est étudiée et optimisée en terme de concentration spatiale et d'estimation statistique. Ces fonctions sont ensuite utilisées pour construire un nouvel estimateur du spectre de puissance angulaire. L'examen des propriété de cet estimateur, d'un point de vue théorique (dans l'asymptotique des hautes fréquences angulaires) et pratique, montre qu'il améliore les méthodes existantes dans un modèle réaliste comportant des données manquantes et un bruit hétéroscédastique. A côté de l'estimation spectrale, l'utilisation des needlets est également introduite dans un problème de séparation de sources.
Après quatre chapitres introductifs (dédiés respectivement aux aspects physiques, analytiques et statistiques de l'étude du CMB, puis à une présentation d'ensemble des résultats), quatre articles de revue (en collaboration) sont présentés : "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" et "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP".
Thouillez, Thomas. "Anatomie des marchés financiers à haute fréquence : analyse de l'Influence de l'automatisation sur la microstructure des marchés financiers". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E049.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies major market microstructure transformations since the automation of financial markets. Today, structural modification of financial markets, associated with the improvement of information and communication technology, lead to important shifts regarding market practices, and market quality measures. Liquidity costs continued to improve between 2010 and 2019, reducing quoted spread especially for SBF 120 small capitalizations. However, effective spreads decreased significantly less than quoted spreads for those small cap proving the weak resilience of the order book on the best limits. This work presents execution venues transformation and technological evolutions to implement high-frequency trading. The research team built a financial market replicating library called VirteK. This library helped to recover stylized facts from the May 6, 2010 flash-crash illustrating limit order book imbalances with the VPIN measure
Moreau, Maxime. "Modélisation haute fréquence des convertisseurs d'énergie : application à l'étude des émissions conduites vers le réseau". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579671.
Pełny tekst źródłaNsele, Séraphin Dieudonné. "Analyse électrique et en bruit basse fréquence et haute-fréquence des technologies InAIN/GaN HEMTs en vue de la conception d'amplificateurs robustes faible bruit en bande Ka". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2501/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe high bandgap technologies are being increasingly popular for over a decade because of their natural ability to perform electronic functions operating at high power, high temperature and high frequency. Among these technologies, one based on the heterostructure AlGaN / GaN is most mature currently at microwave frequencies. The use of a heterojunction InAlN / GaN is an attractive solution to increase the operation frequency of these devices and thus to realize circuits operating at millimeter waves. The first part of our work is devoted to the study of various InAlN/GaN technology developed by III-V Lab. It helped to highlight the different gate current conduction mechanisms through an analysis of the leakage current and the C-V measurements of the Schottky junction. Measures in small-signal showed the frequency dispersion of the output conductance and the extrinsic transconductance until 1 GHz. We have proposed broadband analytical models to take into account the dispersion phenomena during the circuit design. A second part consisted of the study of the background noise in the InAlN / GaN transistors. The low-frequency noise characterizations and modeling revealed and confirmed trapping / detrapping mechanisms observed in the electrical study. The study of highfrequency noise has assessed the technological developments of this sector and to know the optimal conditions for the design of LNAs. In the last part, hybrid low noise amplifiers have been made from these devices deferred flip-chip on alumina to demonstrate the potential of this technology in Ka-band. Single stage amplifiers have been designed especially for stress testing, and have a gain of 5. 6 dB and a noise figure of 3. 1 dB at 29. 5 GHz. The simulations carried out on 3 stages amplifiers indicate interesting performances in terms of gain (20 dB) and noise figure (3 dB) compared to those obtained in the literature on the GaN based devices
Thyssen, Melilotus. "Analyse à haute fréquence spatiale et temporelle du phytoplancton à l'aide de la cytométrie en flux automatisée et immergeable". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22008.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDulthummon, Sakaldip. "Analyse et dimensionnement optimal d'un convertisseur statique continu-continu, multi-résonnant en tension et à haute fréquence de découpage". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10287.
Pełny tekst źródłaRichard, Arnaud. "Volatilités, rentabilités et sauts intrajournaliers sur le marché des futures obligataires européens : analyse du contrat Bund à haute fréquence". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G001.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmi, Abdenbi. "Etude et optimisation des performances d'un plasma H. F pour la détection en ligne d'aérosols métalliques dans l'air : analyse de l'influence de l'argon sur la détection". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30190.
Pełny tekst źródłaVandernoot, Guillaume. "Caractérisation et optimisation de la restitution haute-fidelité en véhicule". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066575.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlazay, Ludovic. "Étude des mécanismes d’actions de la stimulation électrique haute fréquence utilisée comme traitement de la maladie de Parkinson". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10255.
Pełny tekst źródłaParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of hypomotricity. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in it development as research could state. Pharmacological or chirurgical treatments can be considered. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) developed by Professor Benabid, is a treatment that proved its efficiency. As a whole, this study intends to analyse how the DBS mechanisms are. A micro-array transcriptomic was done. It enables to highlight that electrical high frequency stimulate a deep change in the genetic expression profile. Major impacts are seen on the expression of genes responsible of protein synthesis and catabolism as well as many acting on RNA transcription and maturation. The importance of quality control is highlighted and techniques to improve reproducibility of micro-array’s results are described. A second step analyse proteins’ expression through incorporation of radioactive methionin and SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results shown a significant decrease of proteins’ expression provoked by the high frequency electrical stimulation
Leloup, Christophe. "Analyse des solides par couplage de l'ablation laser et de la spectrométrie de masse à source plasma (LA-ICPMS) en enceinte confinée". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS005.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnghel, Andrei. "Analyse temps-frequence et traitement des signaux RSO à haute résolution spatiale pour la surveillance des grands ouvrages d'art". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT107/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is composed of two research axis. The first one consists in proposing time-frequency signal processing tools for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars used for displacements measurements, while the second one consists in designing a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing methodology for infrastructure monitoring when an external point cloud of the envisaged structure is available. In the first part of the thesis, we propose our solutions to the nonlinearity problem of an X-band FMCW radar designed for millimetric displacement measurements of short-range targets. The nonlinear tuning curve of the voltage controlled oscillator from the transceiver can cause a dramatic resolution degradation for wideband sweeps. To mitigate this shortcoming, we have developed two time warping-based methods adapted to wideband nonlinearities: one estimates the nonlinear terms using the high order ambiguity function, while the other is an autofocus approach which exploits the spectral concentration of the beat signal. Onwards, as the core of the thesis, we propose a novel method for scattering centers detection and tracking in spaceborne SAR images adapted to infrastructure monitoring applications. The method is based on refocusing each SAR image on a provided 3D point cloud of the envisaged infrastructure and identifying the reliable scatterers to be monitored by means of four dimensional (4D) tomography. The refocusing algorithm is compatible with stripmap, spotlight and sliding spotlight SAR images and consists of an azimuth defocusing followed by a modified back-projection algorithm on the given set of points which exploits the time-frequency structure of the defocused azimuth signal. The scattering centers of the refocused image are detected in the 4D tomography framework by testing if the main response is at zero elevation in the local elevation-velocity spectral distribution. The mean displacement velocity is estimated from the peak response on the zero elevation axis, while the displacements time series for detected single scatterers is computed as double phase difference of complex amplitudes.Finally, we present the measurement campaigns carried out on the Puylaurent water-dam and the Chastel landslide using GPS measurements, topographic surveys and laser scans to generate the point clouds of the two structures. The comparison between in-situ data and the results obtained by combining TerraSAR-X data with the generated point clouds validate the developed SAR signal processing chain
Teza cuprinde două axe principale de cercetare. Prima axă abordează aspecte metodologice de prelucraretimp-frecvenţă a semnalelor furnizate de radare cu emisie continuă şi modulaţie de frecvenţă (FMCW)în contextul măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. În cadrul celei de-a doua axe, este proiectată şi validatăo metodă de prelucrare a imaginilor satelitare SAR (radar cu apertură sintetică) ce este destinatămonitorizării infrastructurii critice şi care se bazează pe existenţa unui model 3D al structurii respective.În prima parte a tezei, sunt investigate soluţii de corecţie a neliniarităţii unui radar FMCW în bandaX destinat măsurării deplasărilor milimetrice. Caracteristica de comandă neliniară a oscilatorului debandă largă determină o degradare a rezoluţiei în distanţă. Pentru a rezolva acest inconvenient, au fostelaborate două metode de corecţie a neliniarităţii, adaptate pentru semnale de bandă largă, ce se bazeazăpe conceptul de reeşantionare neuniformă sau deformare a axei temporare. Prima abordare estimeazăparametrii neliniarităţii utilizând funcţii de ambiguitate de ordin superior, iar cea de-a doua exploateazăo măsură de concentraţie spectrală a semnalului de bătăi într-un algoritm de autofocalizare în distanţă.În a doua parte a lucrării, este propusă o metodologie generală de detecţie şi monitorizare a centrilorde împrăştiere în imagini SAR în scopul monitorizării elementelor de infrastructură critică. Metoda sebazează pe refocalizarea fiecărei imagini radar pe un model 3D al structurii investigate în scopul identificăriicentrilor de împrăştiere pertinenţi (ţinte fiabile ce pot fi monitorizate în timp) cu ajutorul tomografiei SAR4D (distanţă-azimut-elevaţie-viteză de deplasare). Algoritmul de refocalizare este compatibil cu imaginiSAR achiziţionate în moduri diferite (« stripmap », « spotlight » şi « sliding spotlight ») şi constă într-odefocalizare în azimut urmată de o retroproiecţie modificată (condiţionată de structura timp-frecvenţă asemnalului) pe modelul 3D al structurii. Ţintele sunt identificate în stiva de imagini refocalizate cu ajutorultomografiei 4D prin efectuarea unui test de conformitate cu ipoteza că centrii de împrăştiere pertinenţivor avea elevaţie zero în planul local elevaţie-viteză. Viteza medie de deformare corespunde maximuluide pe axa de elevaţie nulă, iar seria temporară a deplasărilor se obţine printr-o dublă diferenţă de fază aamplitudinilor complexe corespunzătoare ţintelor identificate.În final sunt prezentate campaniile de măsurători pe teren efectuate la un baraj şi o alunecare de terendin regiunea Puylaurent (Franţa) destinate obţinerii modelului 3D al celor două elemente de infrastructurăprin măsurători GPS, topografice şi LIDAR. Comparaţia între deformările măsurate pe teren şi rezultateleobţinute prin combinarea imaginilor SAR cu modelele 3D au permis validarea metodologiei propuse
DESGREZ, Simon. "Conception de diviseurs de fréquence analogiques réalisés en technologie monolithique à base de transistors pseudomorphiques à haute mobilité électronique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010077.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuang, Weibing. "Dynamique des carnets d’ordres : analyse statistique, modélisation et prévision". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066525/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is made of two connected parts, the first one about limit order book modeling and the second one about tick value effects. In the first part, we present our framework for Markovian order book modeling. The queue-reactive model is first introduced, in which we revise the traditional zero-intelligence approach by adding state dependency in the order arrival processes. An empirical study shows that this model is very realistic and reproduces many interesting microscopic features of the underlying asset such as the distribution of the order book. We also demonstrate that it can be used as an efficient market simulator, allowing for the assessment of complex placement tactics. We then extend the queue-reactive model to a general Markovian framework for order book modeling. Ergodicity conditions are discussed in details in this setting. Under some rather weak assumptions, we prove the convergence of the order book state towards an invariant distribution and that of the rescaled price process to a standard Brownian motion. In the second part of this thesis, we are interested in studying the role played by the tick value at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. First, an empirical study of the consequences of a tick value change is conducted using data from the 2014 Japanese tick size reduction pilot program. A prediction formula for the effects of a tick value change on the trading costs is derived and successfully tested. Then, an agent-based model is introduced in order to explain the relationships between market volume, price dynamics, bid-ask spread, tick value and the equilibrium order book state
Koeniguer, Elise. "Apport de la polarimétrie à l'interférométrie radar pour l'estimation des hauteurs de cibles et paramètres de forêt". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066282.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuchayne, Loïc. "Transfert de temps de haute performance : le Lien Micro-Onde de la mission ACES". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349882.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuchayne, Loïc. "Transfert de temps de haute performance : le lien micro-onde de la mission ACES". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008OBSP0151.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, time transfer methods reach such high performances that it is actually possible to test fundamentals laws of physics with them. For instance, the ACES mission aims at studying the gravitational effects on clock frequency using a highly stable communication link, the microwave link. Firstly, this thesis investigates time transfer model considering all terms greater than 0. 1 ps. This model is necessary to compute the data analysis algorithm which will be used during the actual mission. For testing purposes, a simulation of the raw measurements of the mission is developed and allows to evaluate the performances of the data analysis algorithm. Moreover, we also study the requirements of the mission on orbitography and time calibrations. It leads to less constraining requirements than naively expected. This work also studies the resolution of phase ambiguity of the microwave Link and their successful determination statistics, and describes methods and observable combinations which reduce quantitatively these probabilities. Finally, this thesis investigates the SAGAS project and its advanced concept of optical link. The optimisation of observable combinations allows to evaluate the performances of several scientific goals of the project, such as space exploration, testing gravitational laws or constraining gravitational waves
Dreyfus, Sébastien. "Détermination directe des éléments traces (Ni, V, Cu, Mo, Sn, Ba, Pb) et de leurs rapports isotopiques dans les huiles brutes par ICP/MS. : Définition de nouveaux traceurs géochimiques et application à l'étude du système pétrolier du bassin de Portiguar (Brésil)". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3039.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the recent years, intensive studies have been dedicated to the geochemical characterization of source rocks and basins. Traces and ultra trace metals in crude oils may be used as geochemical biomarkers in oil-oil or oil-source rock correlation, identification of source rocks depositional environment and in the quantification of oils thermal maturity and biodegradation levels. Elemental signatures such as Ni and V concentrations evolution in crude oils have already been used in oil-source correlation. However new parameters are needed to improve the general knowledge about migration, maturation, mixing and biodegradation of the oil from an inorganic or bioinorganic angle. Sensitive methods are then required to analyze other elements occurring in the petroleum in very low concentration (ex : Mo, Pb, Cu, Sn, Ba,. . . ) The instrumental limitations of the most common techniques used so far (GFAAS, WDXRF, ICP-AES), have been the main reason for the poor knowledge about inorganic constituents of crude oil? Performances of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allow the detection of very low concentrations in an organic matrix. During this PhD, analytical methods were developed analyze directly metal elements, and measure lead isotope ratios in crude oil and its fractions (maltenes-asphaltenes) by ICP-MS after sample dilution in xylene. New elemental and isotopic tracers of oil source, maturation, contamination, or biodegradation have been identified
Claverie, Fanny. "Développement et applications d’un système laser femtoseconde infra-rouge basse énergie et haute cadence de tir pour l’analyse d’éléments trace dans les solides par couplage ablation laser / ICPMS". Pau, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/40/14/50/PDF/These_Fanny_CLAVERIE.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is more and more considered as a tool of choice for solid analysis. The use of femtosecond laser sources permit to improve analytical performances of the coupling thanks to the non-thermal ablation obtained in comparison with the more conventional nanosecond laser used. Through a collaboration between the LCABIE (Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement) of Pau and Novalase SA (a company specialized in optical and laser integration), the first integrated femtosecond laser ablation system was designed in 2003. Its unusual characteristics (high repetition rate and scanning beam device) allow to perform some new ablation strategies and open encouraging analytical perspectives in terms of sensitivity and quantification. The potential of this prototype was evaluated through fundamental analyses such as elemental fractionation and characterization of the aerosol produced by laser ablation and through the development of different applications such as analysis of soils and sediments by in-cell isotope dilution, detection of selenoproteins in gel electrophoresis, and determination of uranium isotopic composition of micrometric particles
Caumette, Guilhem. "Analyse de spéciation des métaux dans les produits lourds du pétrole par couplage LC-ICP MS (Chromatographie liquide – Spectromètre de masse à plasma induit)". Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3029.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of heavy petroleum, increasingly popular because of the shortage of energy supplies, is hampered by the presence of heavy metals, such as nickel and vanadium, which negatively affect refining processes. The objective of the thesis was to develop novel analytical methods able to study the metal distribution in petroleum, its fractions and related products. The principal developments include: (i) a high-throughput sensitive method for the analysis of organic matrices based on flow-injection total consumption micronebulisation ICP MS; (ii) a coupling of gel-permeation LC with ICP MS; and (iii) a coupling of normal phase LC – ICP MS allowing the 2D gel-permeation – normal phase characterization of the metal distribution by ICP MS. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of a number of crude oils and their fractions
Gernez, Pierre. "Analyse de la variabilité temporelle des propriétés optiques en mer Ligure depuis un moiullage instrumenté (site Boussole) : fluctuations à haute fréquence, cyclicité diurne, changements saisonniers et variabilité interannuelle". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066644.
Pełny tekst źródłaBadeau, Roland. "Analyse spectrale à haute résolution et décompositions non-négatives appliquées au traitement des signaux de musique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945245.
Pełny tekst źródłaVorapalawut, Nopparat. "Advances in trace element analysis of petroleum samples : insight into the speciation". Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe advent of inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP MS) largely contributed to reliable and fast multielement trace analysis of petroleum samples but the inherent problems related to plasma instability, carbon deposition on the sampler and skimmer cones and carbon-related polyatomic interferences are omnipresent. The goal of this work was to address several analytical tasks impossible to be successfully handled by ICP quadrupole ICP MS. They include the determination of non-metals, such as sulphur and silicon, simultaneous multielement trace analysis at the low ng g-1 levels, and insight into the molecular binding of the trace elements present. The method developed for the sulphur determination in gasoline was based on the formation of microemulsion introduced directly into the ICP. Quantification was carried out by ICP AES using external calibration which allowed high throughput analysis. The developed method was applied for total sulphur analysis in diesel samples from various gas stations in Thailand. Problems related to spectral interferences were alleviated by the use of a double-focusing sector field ICP MS optimized for the direct simultaneous determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, and V. Polyatomic interferences originating from the carbon-rich matrix were completely eliminated at a resolution of 4000 allowing the detection limits at the low pg g−1 level to be obtained (typically one order of magnitude lower than using a quadrupole ICP MS). A method for the routine comprehensive trace element analysis of xylene solutions of oil samples using external calibration was developed, validated by the analysis of CRMs and applied to the analysis of gas condensate and oil samples. Another method based on the micro-flow injection total consumption sample introduction was developed for the silicon determination allowing the detection limits down to 1 ng g-1. The effects of the sample matrix and of the chemical form of silicon on the sensitivity were investigated and alleviated when necessary by heating the spray chamber and sample dilution. Laser ablation-ICP-SF MS was developed for direct multielement analysis in crude oils and asphaltenes. A silica gel plate was impregnated for 30 min with a sample solution and analyzed by laser ablation-ICP MS. Carbon-related polyatomic interferences and matrix suppression effects were absent enabling quantitation by external calibration. The detection limits were in the low ng g−1 range. The method was validated by the analysis of NIST 1084a and 1085b certified reference materials (wear metals in lubricating oils) and applied to the analysis of crude oil and asphaltene samples. An insight into the chemical forms of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn present in crude oil and oil vacuum distillation residue was gained by the coupling of microchromatography using permeation through gels with the increasing exclusion limit (5000, 400 000 and 20 000 000 Da) with high resolution (R = 4000) ICP MS. The method allowed the acquisition of chromatograms with high sensitivity competitive to the existing methods, showing element- and sample origin-dependent morphology. Normal phase HPLC-ICP MS and size-exclusion ICP MS were proposed to evaluate the purity of the silicon standard compounds, their reactivity with different petroleum-related matrices and speciation of silicon
Zongo, Sylvie Brizard. "Fluctuations multi-échelles et extrêmes dans les séries temporelles biogéochimiques à moyen et long terme en milieu marin côtier". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10135/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the study of biogeochemical time series in order to characterize the dynamics of their fluctuations on a wide range of scales, and in particular their extremes. The databases analyzed here are mainly provided by the MAREL and SOMLIT programmes. The MAREL program is a network of automatic measuring devices monitoring coastal marine environments implemented by Ifremer. The SOMLIT is a French national program operated by INSU. The measurements are made once every two weeks on the fixed stations. In order to analyze these time series, methods have been borrowed from the fields of numerical analysis and turbulence. The study was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we consider the high frequency time series. The Fourier spectral analysis reveals the influence of physical forcing on the distribution of the parameters. The second part of the study compares SOMLIT and MAREL results recorded from sites near Boulogne-sur-mer. The comparison of the two measuring systems (manual and automatic) showed that while they are complementary, the automatic MAREL system is more informative. The probability density functions (pdfs) of some ratios reveal extreme values in their dynamics. These pdfs reveal in all cases a hyperbolic behavior in the tail probability of the ratios. In the third part, we consider the influence of extremes events of the Seine flow on the distribution of some biogeochemical parameters. This section is also concerned with the analysis of data at high frequency in order to estimate of water masses state in the English Channel within the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)
Jan, Gwénaële. "Etude de la réponse des couches de la surface océanique aux forçages atmosphériques avec un modèle à haute résolution verticale". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066552.
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