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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Anatomy of thyroid”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Jha, Mina, Shaligram Dhungel, Ashwini Kumar Jha, and Sudeep Kumar Yadav. "Thyroidea Ima Artery in Cadavers of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 62, no. 272 (2024): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8540.

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Introduction: Thyroidea ima artery is a variant arterial branch of arch of aorta supplying the thyroid gland. Understanding the anatomic variances and correctly identifying the thyroidea ima artery is crucial to preventing serious complications both before and after neck surgery. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of thyroidea ima artery in cadavers of a medical college in Nepal.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of anatomy in Janaki Medical College, Dhanusha, Nepal from 27 December 2022 to 30 June 2023 after ethical clearence from

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Savin, Svetlana B., Dubravka S. Cvejić, and Miroslava M. Janković. "Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Human Fetal Thyroid Gland." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 4 (2003): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100409.

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High levels of expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3, the β-galactoside-binding proteins, have been recently described in malignant thyroid tumors but not in adenomas nor in normal thyroid tissue. However, there are no data about the expression of these galectins during fetal thyroid development. In this study we analyzed immunohistochemically the presence of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human fetal thyroid glands (16–37 weeks of gestation). Weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining for galectin-1 was observed in follicular cells of all fetal thyroids. Galectin-3 could not be detected in thyroid

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Kondo, Tetsuo, Nobuki Nakamura, Koichi Suzuki, et al. "Expression of Human Pendrin in Diseased Thyroids." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 2 (2003): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100205.

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We examined pendrin expression in various diseased thyroid tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antiserum raised against human pendrin and by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In normal thyroids the antiserum reacted with the apical membrane of follicular cells and its immunoreactivity was faint. In Graves’ thyroids, the IHC expression of pendrin appeared in a pattern similar to that of normal thyroids but it was more extensive and stronger, especially in areas showing marked proliferation of follicular cells. The immunoreactivities of pendrin in nodular goiters varied from case to case. I

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4

Akcakaya, Adem, Bora Koc, and Ferhat Ferhatoglu. "Thyroid Anatomy and Surgical Approach." Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital 28, Supplement 1 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/otd.supp1.2012.001.

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KOIKE, YASUO. "Anatomy of the thyroid gland." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 39, no. 5 (1988): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.39.460.

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Tan, Y.-H., G.-N. Du, Y.-G. Xiao, et al. "The false thyroid capsule: new findings." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 9 (2013): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113001667.

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AbstractPurpose:The false thyroid capsule is an important anatomical structure involved in thyroidectomy, yet it is rarely studied. This study aimed to define the anatomy of the false thyroid capsule, and its clinical significance.Methods:A prospective study was performed involving 151 patients with goitre who underwent thyroid lobectomy. The anatomy of the false thyroid capsule was carefully documented intra-operatively.Results:The false thyroid capsule enclosed the inferior and middle thyroid veins and the superior thyroid vessels, forming a mesentery-like structure by attaching to the gland

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7

Naik, Kiran M. "Redefining Anatomy in a Case of Midline Subhyoid Ectopic Thyroid." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 3 (2012): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1124.

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ABSTRACT Ectopic thyroid is an uncommon embryological aberration of the thyroid descent. Subhyoid median ectopic thyroid gland is a result of incomplete descent of the thyroid anlage and is characterized by a cosmetically unacceptable ovoid mass of thyroid tissue in the midline overlying the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane. A normally placed thyroid gland is not detectable and in most cases all functioning thyroid tissue is located within the mass. Usually it is mistaken for a thyroglossal cyst and excised. Severe myxedema follows removal. Many cases have been reported in the literat

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8

Nishida, M., K. Muraoka, K. Nishikawa, T. Takagi, and J. Kawada. "Differential effects of methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride on the histochemistry of rat thyroid peroxidase and the thyroid peroxidase activity of isolated pig thyroid cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 5 (1989): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.5.2703707.

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This study was designed to characterize the interaction of CH3HgCl or HgCl2 with thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Two types of experiments were performed. First, the thyroids from rats that were given 5.6 mg/kg/day of either CH3HgCl or HgCl2 for 2 weeks by intubation were subjected to histochemical treatment and then to electron microscopy. TPO activities in all cell compartments were inhibited by HgCl2 but not by CH3HgCl. Morphological observation showed that taller epithelia were induced by HgCl2, whereas flattened epithelia forming large follicles were induced by CH3HgCl. The serum thyrotropin lev

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9

Lopushniak, Lesia Ya, Тatiana V. Khmara, Оleh М. Boichuk, Mariana A. Ryznychuk, Leonid V. Shvyhar, and Mariana I. Kryvchanska. "FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 1 (2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202001109.

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The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period

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10

KOBAYASHI, SHUNZO. "Local anatomy of the thyroid gland." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 39, no. 6 (1988): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.39.526.

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11

Monfared, Ashkan, Daniel Kim, Sivakumar Jaikumar, Goutham Gorti, and Andrew Kam. "Microsurgical Anatomy of the Superior and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves." Neurosurgery 49, no. 4 (2001): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200110000-00026.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To study the microsurgical anatomy of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with respect to anatomic landmarks, and to identify their vascular supplies. METHODS The microsurgical anatomy of the anterior neck, the course of the right and left SLN and RLN and their variations were studied in 21 cadavers. Fresh cadavers were perfused with colored silicon dye to investigate the microvasculature in detail. RESULTS SLN originates from the inferior vagal ganglion at the C2 level and descends medially toward the thyrohyoid membrane. It branches into

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12

Sahoo, Satyanjaya, Ajay Mallick, Ashwani Sethi, Himanshu Joshi, and Aroma Ghotra. "Morphometic cadaveric analysis of thyroid cartilage in Indian adults with comparative review of studies on other ethnic population." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 2 (2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210158.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The larynx besides being used in respiration, performs the function of production of voice. A thorough knowledge of relevant surgical anatomy is a must for any surgeon before performing laryngeal framework surgery (LFS). Most of the relevant anatomic details for LFS are based on Western population and the studies based on Indian population are extremely scarce. We propose to undertake this study in order to understand the relevant anatomy of the thyroid cartilage in adult Indian population and to compare these dimensions with t

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13

Grove, Elizabeth. "Thyroid problems." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, no. 4 (2018): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738017752743.

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Thyroid disorders are the most-common endocrine conditions managed within primary care. Such disorders can present insidiously, but are associated with significant morbidity, and therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis. GPs need to be able to interpret the results of thyroid function tests, manage thyroid dysfunction and refer appropriately to secondary care. This article aims to provide an overview of disorders of thyroid hormone production including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid emergencies, and to consider problems of thyroid anatomy including g

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14

Garrido, Andrea, Alaa Alsafadi, Iván Menéndez, Ramón Cobo, and Teresa Cobo. "Is there a relationship between sella turcica calcification and thyroid cartilage calcification? A random study using lateral cephalometric radiography." European Journal of Anatomy 26, no. 5 (2022): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/aeso9994.

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Thyroid cartilage changes begin in the second decade of life with the horn of the thyroid cartilage, and spread throughout the individual’s lifetime to other cartilage plates. However, the objective of the present study is to assess if there is an association between thyroid calcification (TC) and sella turcica bridging (STB). Forty patients, 11 men and 29 women, aged between 40 and 62 years with a mean age of 48.6 years were studied. The sample inclusion criteria of this study were age in the fourth decade, no craniofacial deformities, no history of craniofacial surgical intervention, good-qu

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15

Gurleyik, Emin. "Two Cases of Enlarged Zuckerkandl's Tubercle of the Thyroid Displacing the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Laterally." Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/303861.

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The thyroid has many anatomic variations. Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) is the posterior extension of lateral lobes. ZT has a relation with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). RLN lateral to ZT is an uncommon occurrence. This paper presents two cases of this uncommon situation. A 60-year-old female patient with large multinodular goiter was treated with total thyroidectomy. A 69-year-old male patient with follicular neoplasm was treated with total lobectomy. The inferior thyroid arteries and the recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified with usual lateral approach. A left ZT was found in case

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16

Chrysikos, Dimosthenis, Markos Sgantzos, John Tsiaoussis, et al. "Non-Recurrent Right Laryngeal Nerve: a Rare Anatomic Variation Encountered During a Total Thyroidectomy." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 62, no. 2 (2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.105.

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The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (nRLN) is a rare anatomic variation that every head and neck surgeon must be aware of, in order to avoid intraoperative injury which leads to postoperative morbidity. We are reporting a case of a nRLN in a 47 year old female patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma who was surgically treated with total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Both two inferior laryngeal nerves were identified, fully exposed and preserved along their cervical courses. However, we found that the right inferior laryngeal nerve was non-recurrent and directly arised from the cervic

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17

Özen, Kemal Emre, Kübra Erdoğan, Gonca Ay Keselik, and Mehmet Ali Malas. "The anatomical relationship between recurrent laryngeal nerve and high inferior thyroid artery: a case report." Anatomy 15, no. 2 (2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.890222.

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In this case report, we present a case with an unusually high course of inferior thyroid artery and its relationship with the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side of the neck of a 91 years-old formalin fixed male cadaver. Dissection showed that the inferior thyroid artery gave off branches between the branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve following a sharp curvature descending downward to the thyroid gland. Knowledge of such a variation of the location and course of the inferior thyroid artery and the recurrent laryngeal nerve is important for surgical and radiological procedures.

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18

Hong, Ki Hwan. "Anatomy and Physiology of the Thyroid Gland." Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 9, no. 2 (1998): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.1998.9.2.189.

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Song, Peng-long, and Ning-yu Wang. "A Case of Variant Thyroid Cartilage Anatomy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 1 (2011): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811398606.

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Wiseman, Sam M., Paul I. Tomljanovich, and Nestor R. Rigual. "Thyroid lobectomy: Operative anatomy, technique, and morbidity." Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 15, no. 3 (2004): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2004.07.008.

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Ellis, Harold. "Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands." Surgery (Oxford) 25, no. 11 (2007): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2007.09.011.

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P K, Thomas, and Susan Varghese. "SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THYROID TUBERCLE OF ZUCKERKANDL." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, no. 29 (2017): 2383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2017/513.

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Lin, Doris, Nancy Fischbein, and David W. Eisele. "Odynophagia Secondary to Variant Thyroid Cartilage Anatomy." Dysphagia 20, no. 3 (2005): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-005-0012-2.

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24

Tachiwaki, Osamu, Joseph D. Zeligs, and Seymour H. Wollman. "Ultrastrutural changes in thyroid epithelium during involution of the hyperplastic thyroid gland." American Journal of Anatomy 189, no. 1 (1990): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001890106.

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Młodożeniec, Aleksandra, and Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska. "Persistent hyperthyroidism in a patient after total thyroidectomy: the thyroid anatomy has implications for treatment." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 19, no. 2 (2021): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2021.2.11.

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Introduction. Grave’s disease (GD) can be treated using three modalities: anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), or surgery. If surgery is selected, total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice. Patients with hyperthyroidism frequently have an enlarged thyroid gland, occasionally with a pyramidal lobe. Aim. We point the usefulness of thyroid scintigraphy, which provides valuable information regarding the thyroid anatomy. Description of the case. The manuscript presents a case report of 43-year-old woman with unstable Grave’s disease, who underwent thyroidectomy and devel

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Lytkina, Alina A., Darima K. Garmaeva, Svetlana P. Vinokurova, and Lena I. Arzhakova. "FEATURES OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THYROID GLAND OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF YOUTHFUL AGE OF THE SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA) ACCORDING TO DATA OF THE ULTRASOUND STUDY." Morphological newsletter 28, no. 3 (2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(3):65-69.

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The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) belongs to the regions with significant iodine deficiency in nature and is characterized by a high prevalence of thyroid pathology among children and adults. Due to the fact that the diagnosis of thyroid pathology is associated primarily with ultrasound examination, the deepening of information about the regional features of the absolute and relative indices of the anatomical norm of the thyroid gland is a rather urgent scientific task. The aim of the study was to study the normal ultrasound anatomy of the thyroid gland in young men and women of indigenous natio

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Lopushniak, L., N. Kuzniak, O. Boichuk, A. Bambuliak, and R. Sukhonosov. "REGULARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF EMBRYOTOPOGRAPHY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS IN HUMAN EMBRYOS OF 7-9 WEEKS OF GESTATION." Neonatology, Surgery and Perinatal Medicine 14, no. 3(53) (2024): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xiv.3.53.2024.18.

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The article describes the peculiarities of development and formation of variants of external shape and localization of thyroid and parathyroid glands in human embryos of 7-9 weeks of gestation.Aim of the study. The objective of the study was to fi nd the regularities of development and formation of embryotopographic relations between the thyroid and parathyroid glands during 7-9 weeks of the human intrauterine development. Material and methods. The study was carried out using a complex of morphological methods on 42 samples of human embryos without external signs of anatomical deviations or de

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Fiadotau, D. N. "ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THYROID GLAND OF THE HEDGEHOG (ERINACEUS CONCOLOR) IN BELARUS." Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) 1, no. 4 (2017): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29256/v.01.04.2017.escbm22.

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Kuprin, A. A., V. Y. Malyuga, and E. A. Stepanova. "Arterial blood supply of the internal neck organs: anatomy, topography, clinical significance in endocrine surgery." Endocrine Surgery 15, no. 3 (2022): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg12720.

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BACKGROUND. Current trends of «fast track surgery» give rise to development of new safe techniques of the thyroid and parathyroid surgery, the purpose of which is to minimize the level of postoperative complications, such as vocal cord palsy, hypoparathyroidism, bleeding. In this regard, it is important for the endocrine surgeon to save «dry operating field», which contributes to the clear visualization of such «thin» structures as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands. Therefore, the key issue of this surgery is to unders

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Balwan, Wahied Khawar, and Sachdeep Kour. "Thyroid Health & Methylation: What is the Link?" Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 12 (2022): 2460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i12.065.

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Thyroid is a ductless alveolar gland found in the neck just below the laryngeal prominence commonly known as Adam’s apple. Thyroid function is controlled by the pituitary gland located in the brain. The pituitary produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The thyroid hormones play multifaceted roles in organ development and in the homeostatic control of fundamental physiological mechanisms such as body growth and energy expenditure in all vertebrates. In this article, we discuss the anato

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Matubis, Jacob S., Karen June P. Dumlao, and Ryner Jose C. Carrillo. "The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Relation to the Inferior Thyroid Artery in Adult Filipino Cadavers." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 26, no. 2 (2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v26i2.569.

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Objective: To describe the anatomic relationship of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery in adult cadavers in the Philippines and to compare the proportions of these anatomic relationships with those reported in the foreign literature. Methods: Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional Setting: University of the Philippines College of Medicine Anatomy Laboratory Subjects: Fifty-four (54) preserved cadavers (108 sides) dissected within a period from June 2008 to Aug 2010. The anatomy and position of both the right and the left recurrent laryngea

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Covantsev, Serghei, Anna Bumbu, Anna Sukhotko, Evghenii Zakurdaev, Ivan Kuts, and Andrey Evsikov. "Neck Schwannoma Masking as Thyroid Tumour: Into the Deep of Diagnostics and Anatomy." Diagnostics 14, no. 20 (2024): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202332.

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Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumours that exhibit a slow rate of growth. In the vast majority of cases, schwannomas manifest as asymptomatic masses. The presence of symptomatic lesions may necessitate surgical removal. The incidence of schwannomas ranges from 4.4 to 5.23 cases per 100,000 population, accounting for approximately 7% of all primary tumours in the central nervous system. There is a limited number of case reports describing schwannomas outside the central nervous system. In rare instances, schwannomas may originate at the level of the thyroid gland. In such cases, incidenta

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Sreedharan, Ranjith, Lalu Krishna, and Ashwija Shetty. "Origin of superior thyroid artery: under the surgeon’s knife." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 17, no. 4 (2018): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.004218.

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Abstract Background The major arterial supply to the thyroid gland is from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, arising from the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk respectively. The external laryngeal nerve runs in close proximity to the origin of the superior thyroid artery in relation to the thyroid gland. The superior thyroid artery is clinically important in head and neck surgeries. Objectives To locate the origin of the superior thyroid artery, because wide variability is reported. To provide knowledge of possible variations in its origin, because it is important f

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Manuel, Nisha S. R., B. Anbumalar, and S. Manisha Raaj. "A Prospective Study on Relation of Inferior Thyroid Artery with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve at the Base of Thyroid Gland in Tamil Nadu Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 8221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.190.

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Background: The risk of injuring recurrent laryngeal nerves which can result in voice or swallowing problems can be a major complication during thyroid surgeries. Intraoperative injury to RLN can be an issue and can have a detrimental impact on patients’ quality of life. The incidence of injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve worldwide ranges from 0.5 to 20%. To prevent such surgical complications of thyroid, a detailed anatomy of inferior vascular pedicle (inferior thyroid artery) and its relation to adjacent recurrent laryngeal nerve is required. Aim: The aim of the study was, To find out the v

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Gurleyik, Emin, Fuat Cetin, Sami Dogan, et al. "Displacement of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Patients with Recurrent Goiter Undergoing Redo Thyroid Surgery." Journal of Thyroid Research 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4763712.

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Thyroid reoperations are surgically challenging because of scarring and disturbances in the anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This study was conducted on 49 patients who underwent redo surgery. 61 RLNs were identified and completely exposed. Their functional integrity was evaluated using intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). Indications for secondary surgery, anatomical changes secondary to recurrent goiter mass and prior surgery, and results of IONM were studied. Frequent indications for redo surgery were multinodular goiter (MNG) in 19 (38.8%) and results of cytology in 14 (2

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Dvornichenko, Viktoriya, Ulyana Masnikova, Maksim Mirochnik, and K. Prosekin. "A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIANT OF THE INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY (ITA): AN ABERRANT ORIGIN FROM THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY. CLINICAL CASE REPORT." Problems in oncology 64, no. 6 (2018): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2018-64-6-815-817.

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We describe the clinical case by performing an operation for the thyroidectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy rightward because of the thyroid cancer. We disclosed that the inferior thyroid artery right ward is taking its origin directly from the common carotid artery. That is the rare anatomical variant of the inferior thyroid artery. Knowledge of variant anatomy let reduce the risks of complications such as bleeding and injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve.

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Andersson, Louise, Jessica Westerlund, Shawn Liang, et al. "Role of EphA4 Receptor Signaling in Thyroid Development: Regulation of Folliculogenesis and Propagation of the C-Cell Lineage." Endocrinology 152, no. 3 (2011): 1154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0232.

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Transcriptome analysis revealed that the tyrosine kinase receptor EphA4 is enriched in the thyroid bud in mouse embryos. We used heterozygous EphA4-EGFP knock-in mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) replaced the intracellular receptor domain (EphA4+/EGFP) to localize EphA4 protein in thyroid primordial tissues. This showed that thyroid progenitors originating in the pharyngeal floor express EphA4 at all embryonic stages and when follicles are formed in late development. Also, the ultimobranchial bodies developed from the pharyngeal pouch endoderm express EphA4, but the ultim

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Miller, Frank R. "Surgical anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 36, no. 1 (2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(02)00132-9.

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Fancy, Tanya, Daniel Gallagher, and Joshua D. Hornig. "Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 43, no. 2 (2010): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.001.

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Baek, Jung Hwan. "Thyroid and Perithyroidal Anatomy for Non-Surgical Treatment." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 43 (2017): S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1595.

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Ring, P. K., and V. Johanson. "Immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones in rat thyroid gland." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 10 (1987): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.10.2442241.

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We have developed a post-embedding immunogold technique for electron microscopic localization and quantitation of thyroglobulin (TG), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) in rat thyroid. Labeling for TG was located on rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, exocytotic vesicles, luminal colloid, colloid droplets, and lysosomes, whereas labeling for thyroid hormones was located on luminal colloid, colloid droplets, and lysosomes. We tested different procedures of fixation, dehydration, embedding, polymerization, and immunoincubation to optimize ultrastructural preservation and immunol

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Volckaert, V., E. Vandermeulen, S. Daminet, J. H. Saunders, and K. Peremans. "Hyperthyroidism in cats." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85, no. 5 (2016): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v85i5.16325.

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In the first part of this review article, thyroid anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology are reviewed to continue more specifically on hyperthyroidism, the most common thyroid disorder in cats. The diagnostic work-up of this disorder is discussed with emphasis on thyroid gland imaging. Scintigraphy is most commonly used and best suited to assess thyroid function, which will be discussed extensively in the second part of this review article. All other available imaging modalities do not offer a functional assessment and are therefore of limited use in the diagnosis and evaluation of hyperthyro

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Kameda, Y. "Production of monoclonal antibodies against a novel glycoprotein synthesized and secreted by dog thyroid C-cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 4 (1992): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.4.1552188.

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A monoclonal antibody (MAb) that reacted only with thyroid C-cells was raised against cell suspensions from dog thyroid glands, to examine a glycoprotein secreted by C-cells. After chronically-induced hypercalcemia and administration of an anti-thyroid drug, reaction products for the antibody markedly decreased in C-cells, coinciding with alterations in calcitonin immunoreactivity. The antigen recognized by the MAb appears to be a secretory protein. The MAb reacted with C-cells from a wide variety of mammalian species, including rats, mice, hamsters, cattle, cats, rabbits, and monkeys. Further

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Fllho, João Aragão Ximenes, Saramira Cardoso Bohadana, Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji, Andréia Felix Perázzio, and Luiz Ubirajara Sennes. "Anatomy of the Cricothyroid Articulation: Differences between Men and Women." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 3 (2005): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400316.

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A greater difficulty in exposing the arytenoid cartilage during rotation surgeries has been observed for men. The objective of the present study was to describe the position of the cricothyroid articulation and the distance between the right and left articulations, and to compare these findings between genders. The following measurements were obtained for 16 cadavers (9 men and 7 women): angulation of the cricothyroid articulation in the cricoid ring, dimensions of the thyroid articular surface of the cricoid cartilage, and distance between the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid articulations. Th

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Малеев, Yu Maleev, Черных, A. Chernykh, Шевцов, and A. Shevtsov. "Clinical Anatomy of the Parathyroid Glands. New Data and Approaches." Journal of New Medical Technologies 20, no. 4 (2013): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2737.

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New approaches to the assessment of clinical anatomy of the parathyroid glands were developed. The obtained new data allow improving the quality of planning and carrying out operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands, to reduce the risk of errors in diagnosis and intra-operative and post-operative complications. 220 corpses and 82 patients after surgery on the thyroid gland pathology were examined. In morphological material 4 or 5 of the parathyroid glands were found. Size parathyroid glands was 0,70x0,43x0,30 cm, volume - 0,0531+0,0016 cm3, and the total volume of parathyroid tiss

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Claassen, Horst, Martin Schicht, Bernd Fleiner, et al. "Different Patterns of Cartilage Mineralization Analyzed by Comparison of Human, Porcine, and Bovine Laryngeal Cartilages." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 65, no. 6 (2017): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155417703025.

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Laryngeal cartilages undergo a slow ossification process during aging, making them an excellent model for studying cartilage mineralization and ossification processes. Pig laryngeal cartilages are similar to their human counterparts in shape and size, also undergo mineralization, facilitating the study of cartilage mineralization. We investigated the processes of cartilage mineralization and ossification and compared these with the known processes in growth plates. Thyroid cartilages from glutaraldehyde-perfused male minipigs and from domestic pigs were used for X-ray, light microscopic, and t

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Cetin, Fuat, Emin Gürleyik, and Sami Dogan. "Morphology and Functional Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Extralaryngeal Terminal Bifurcation." Anatomy Research International 2016 (July 14, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9503170.

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Anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), such as an extralaryngeal terminal bifurcation (ETB), threaten the safety of thyroid surgery. Besides the morphology of the nerve branches, intraoperative evaluation of their functional anatomy may be useful to preserve motor activity. We exposed 67 RLNs in 36 patients. The main trunk, bifurcation point, and terminal branches of bifid nerves were macroscopically determined and exposed during thyroid surgery. The functional anatomy of the nerve branches was evaluated by intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). Forty-six RLNs with an E

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Orlinskaya, N. Yu, and A. B. Elkanova. "Pathological anatomy of thyrotoxic liver." Medical alphabet, no. 17 (September 23, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-17-36-38.

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The work was performed on experimental material. An experimental model of thyrotoxicosis in laboratory animals, white male rats, was obtained by daily administration оf l-thyroxine at a dose of 1.6 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. 67 mature rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for the experiment. Rats were removed from the experiment after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days. As a control, we used 22 rats that were not injected with L-thyroxine. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood of rats was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A macroscopic study was per

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Assi, Mohammed Hussein. "Thyroid Gland Basics: A Comprehensive Review." Mustansiriya Medical Journal 22, no. 2 (2023): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_43_23.

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Abstract The thyroid gland is the largest and one of the most important endocrine glands in the body. It plays an important role in maintaining body metabolism and it can be affected by various disorders, for instance, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, inflammations, and tumors. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of thyroid gland basics (embryogenesis, histology, gross anatomy and physiology) is regarded as vital to every physician for the identification and management of these different conditions, for surgeons for the outcomes of thyroid surgery, for pathologists during their work in

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Гусейнова, С. Т., М. А. Мавраева, М. М. Магомедова, А. М. Велибекова, and Д. Р. Акаева. "Functional anatomy of the thyroid gland under the influence of unfavourable environmental factors." International Journal of Medicine and Psychology 7, no. 4 (2024): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-3313-2024-7-4-88-95.

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щитовидная железа является одним из ключевых органов эндокринной системы, регулирующих широкий спектр физиологических процессов в организме. Однако ее функционирование может существенно нарушаться под влиянием различных неблагоприятных факторов, таких как стресс, неблагоприятная экологическая обстановка, дефицит йода и др. В данной статье проведен комплексный анализ литературных данных, посвященных изучению механизмов повреждающего действия неблагоприятных факторов на щитовидную железу. Рассмотрены морфологические и функциональные изменения, возникающие в щитовидной железе под влиянием стресса

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