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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Astrobiology”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Geller, Harold. "Astrobiology the integrated science curriculum." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2005. http://d-nb.info/991461398/04.

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Coelho, Luciene da Silva. "Formação de moléculas orgânicas em ambientes interestelares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-22112012-211332/.

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Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de algumas moléculas do meio interestelar úteis para o levantamento do conteúdo de matéria orgânica do universo e para as condições pré-bióticas na Terra e em outros ambientes no universo. Utilizamos como objeto-teste a Nebulosa Cabeça de Cavalo, devido à sua geometria simples, à sua distância moderada até nós, ao seu campo de radiação ultravioleta bem conhecido resultante da iluminação por uma estrela próxima, $\\sigma$ Orionis, e por ter sido extensivamente estudada por diversos trabalhos. Desse modo, podemos investigar com segurança diversos processos físico

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3

Szenay, Brian Craig. "Modeling Potential Chemical Environments: Implications for Astrobiology." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4847.

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Modeling chemical environments is an important step to understanding the diversity of prebiotic systems that may have formed on the early earth or potentially can occur on other worlds. By using the modern Earth as a test case, these models predict scenarios with systems more conducive to the formation of the organic molecules that are important to life. Here we use the equilibrium thermodynamic modeling program HSC Chem to investigate prebiotic environments. This program uses the raw material that the user inputs into the system in order to calculate the change in amounts of chemical species

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4

Henry, Olivier Yves Frederic. "Robust molecular sensor array for astrobiology applications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426073.

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5

Lafuente, Valverde Barbara, and Valverde Barbara Lafuente. "Architecture of Databases for Mineralogy and Astrobiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621774.

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This dissertation is focused on the design of the Open Data Repository's Data Publisher (ODR), a web-based central repository for scientific data, primarily focused on mineralogical properties, but also applicable to other data types, including for instance, morphological, textural and contextual images, chemical, biochemical, isotopic, and sequencing information. Using simple web-based tools, the goal of ODR is to lower the cost and training barrier so that any researcher can easily publish their data, ensure that it is archived for posterity, and comply with the mandates for data sharing. Th

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6

Fornaro, Teresa. "Spectroscopic Studies of Molecular Systems Relevant in Astrobiology." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86210.

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In the Astrobiology context, the study of the physico-chemical interactions involving “building blocks of life” in plausible prebiotic and space-like conditions is fundamental to shed light on the processes that led to emergence of life on Earth as well as to molecular chemical evolution in space. In this PhD Thesis, such issues have been addressed both experimentally and computationally by employing vibrational spectroscopy, which has shown to be an eﬀective tool to investigate the variety of intermolecular interactions that play a key role in self-assembling mechanisms of nucleic acid compon

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7

Neitzel, Clifford Luciano Vinícius. "Aplicação da astronomia ao ensino de física com ênfase em astrobiologia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12437.

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Neste trabalho, criticamos a forma como alguns temas básicos da Física são expostos e são estudados ao longo do Ensino Médio. O assunto escolhido por nós foi a “Aplicação da Astronomia ao Ensino de Física com ênfase em Astrobiologia”. Este projeto tem como objetivo introduzir e estimular os alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio ao campo da Astronomia, utilizando-se de conhecimentos pré-adquiridos de Física da primeira série do Ensino Médio, e com ênfase em um tema bastante atual e em forte desenvolvimento, a Astrobiologia. O desenvolvimento do projeto proporcionou então o aprendizado de novos conce

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8

Oliver, Carol Ann Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Communicating astrobiology in public: A study of scientific literacy." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42878.

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The majority of adults in the US and in Europe appear to be scientifically illiterate. This has not changed in more than half a century. It is unknown whether the Australian public is also scientifically illiterate because no similar testing is done here. Public scientific illiteracy remains in spite of improvements in science education, innovative approaches to public outreach, the encouraging of science communication via the mass media, and the advent of the Internet. Why is it that there has been so little change? Is school science education inadequate? Does something happen between leaving

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9

Bounama, Christine. "Thermische Evolution und Habitabilität erdähnlicher Exoplaneten." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1648/.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Methoden der Erdsystemanalyse auf die Untersuchung der Habitabilität terrestrischer Exoplaneten angewandt. Mit Hilfe eines parametrisierten Konvektionsmodells für die Erde wird die thermische Evolution von terrestrischen Planeten berechnet. Bei zunehmender Leuchtkraft des Zentralsterns wird über den globalen Karbonat-Silikat-Kreislauf das planetare Klima stabilisiert. Für eine photosynthetisch-aktive Biosphäre, die in einem bestimmten Temperaturbereich bei hinreichender CO2-Konzentration existieren kann, wird eine Überlebenspanne abgeschätzt. Der Abstandsbe

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10

Berry, Bonnie. "GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF BACTERIA IN SIMULATED MARTIAN CONDITIONS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3190.

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Escherichia coli and Serratia liquefaciens, two common microbial spacecraft contaminants known to replicate under low atmospheric pressures of 25 mb, were tested for growth and survival in simulated martian conditions. Stressors of high salinity, low temperature, and low pressure were screened alone and in combination to determine how they might affect microbial activity. Growth and survival of E. coli and S. liquefaciens under low temperatures (30, 20, 10, or 5 °C) with increasing concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 20 %) of three salts believed to be present on the surface of Mars (MgCl2, MgSO4

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11

Cataldi, Gianni. "Debris disks and the search for life in the universe." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127263.

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Circumstellar debris disks are the extrasolar analogues of the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt. These disks consist of comets and leftover planetesimals that continuously collide to produce copious amounts of circumstellar dust that can be observed as infrared excess or in resolved imaging. As an obvious outcome of the planet formation process, debris disks can help us constrain planet formation theories and learn about the history of our own solar system. Structures in the disks such as gaps or warps can hint at the presence of planets. Thus, the study of debris disks is an important branch

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12

Pereira, Felipe Nóbrega. "Além da Antártica: os limites da vida ao frio e à dessecação no âmbito da astrobiologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-26052017-093541/.

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Na Antártica e no Ártico, a vida microbiana é presente e diversificada, tendo se adaptado a condições similares às encontradas em mundos que despertam interesse à astrobiologia. Este estudo investigou as alterações fisiológicas e fenotípicas do extremófilo psicrotrófico Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 sob diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizadas técnicas de eletroforese de proteínas em duas dimensões associada a espectrometria de massa, juntamente com técnicas de microscopia. E. antarcticum foi também submetida a condições físicas encontradas em Marte e no ambiente interplanetário. Seguindo ev

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13

De, Toffoli Barbara. "Gas emission centres on Mars surface and putative biological contribution: insights on hydrothermal fluid circulation in the upper crust." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425754.

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The herein presented work aims to develop and expand Mars geological exploration in a search for life prospective and, accordingly, water resurgence features and possible degassing centers have been given a central role in the target selection and process investigation. Hydrothermal fluid circulation in the Martian crust is among the natural processes characterized by the combined involvement of fluids such water and methane so defining a potential set of environments prone to biosphere growth and flourish. Subsurface fluid flow is a key area of planetary science research because fluids affect

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14

He, Jing. "Physicochemical characterisation of organic materials of interest for astrobiology : Titan's aerosols analogues." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01000229.

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Since the achievement of the first results from the Cassini Huygens mission, Titan's aerosols present an astrobiological interest as their characterization enables to evaluate the prebiotic chemistry that occurred on the primitive Earth. To better understand the physical chemistry of the aerosols of Titan is important for scientists. The laboratory via analyzing the properties of tholins (analogues of Titan's aerosols) overcomes the difficulties for analyzing Titan's aerosols directly. In this thesis work, the research object is tholins produced by the PAMPRE experiment. Pyr-GC-MS analysis tec

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15

Derveni, Maria Elisavet. "Development of antibodies for life-detection experiment in extreme environments : implications for astrobiology." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5574.

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The Life Marker Chip (LMC) instrument is an antibody assay-based system which will attempt to detect molecular signatures of Life in the Martian subsurface as part of the payload on board the European Space Agency (ESA) ExoMars mission rover, currently scheduled for launch in 2018. The LMC will have the ability to detect up to 25 different molecular targets of different origins that are associated with meteoritic in-fall, extinct or extant Life, prebiotic chemistry and spacecraft contamination. Regolith / crushed rock samples will be collected for the LMC by the rover and subjected to solvent

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16

Chan, Wai Olivia, and 陳卉. "Molecular microbial ecology of Mars-like environments on earth, for application in astrobiology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4832999X.

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Astrobiology is a multidisciplinary topic that addresses the origin, distribution and evolution of life in the universe. One of the key questions relates to whether life could have evolved on other planetary bodies, and Mars has been the major focus. Biologists contribute to this question by studying the ecology of extreme environments on Earth that share closest analogy to Mars’ past or present environment. In this thesis, molecular-level interrogations were used to address some aspects of microbial biodiversity, ecology and stress tolerance in two such extreme environments. The high-altitud

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17

Zetterlind, Alexandra. "Methods and Approaches for Biogenicity Determination in Geological Samples - Implications for Extraterrestrial Search for Life." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352515.

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For a better understanding of how to search for an extraterrestrial life, scientists study hidden biospheres on Earth. The subseafloor crust is recognized as a vast microbial habitat and it is hypothesized that extremophilic microorganisms, occurring there, can be the first living organisms on Earth. Those extremophiles does not require oxygen due their ability to derive bioavailable energy from fluid-rock interactions, resembling conditions on Mars. Hence, in this study, geological samples from such environments are analysed. Overall, this report examines a concept of biogenicity and evaluate

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18

Hannel, Thaddaeus S. "PATTERN RECOGNITION INTEGRATED SENSING METHODOLOGIES (PRISMS) IN PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS VALIDATION, REMOTE SENSING AND ASTROBIOLOGY." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/751.

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Modern analytical instrumentation is capable of creating enormous and complex volumes of data. Analysis of large data volumes are complicated by lengthy analysis time and high computational demand. Incorporating real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient are desirable for modern analytical methods to be fully utilized. The use of modern instrumentation in on-line pharmaceutical process validation, remote sensing, and astrobiology applications requires real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient. Integrated sensing and processing (ISP) is a method for minimi

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19

Allen, Michelle Ann Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "An astrobiology-focused analysis of Microbial Mat communities from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26194.

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A unique opportunity to study both benthic microbial mats and modern stromatolites from a common niche is presented by the hypersaline environment of Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia. However, prior to this study, the microbial mat communities have not been well characterised. To investigate the taxonomic and functional diversity of Hamelin Pool pustular and smooth mats, and their similarity to Hamelin Pool stromatolites, culturing, culture-independent, and lipid analysis methods were employed. The cultured isolates obtained included heterotrophic bacteria similar to those obtained from othe

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20

Toporski, Jan. "The preservation and detection of morphological and molecular bacterial biomarkers and their implications for astrobiological research." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369436.

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21

Modica, Paola. "From astrophysics to astrobiology : significance of laboratory organic residues from photo-irradiation of cosmic ice analogs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112329/document.

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Les expériences de laboratoire ont montré que la photo-irradiation ultraviolette d'analogues de glaces astrophysiques suivie de leur réchauffement à température ambiante mène à la formation de résidus organiques réfractaires. Ces résidus, solubles dans l'eau, consistent en un riche mélange de composés organiques incluant entre autres des acides aminés, molécules potentiellement importantes pour la chimie prébiotique. Ces résidus sont considérés comme des analogues de la matière organique réfractaire que l'on pense être synthétisée sur les grains de poussière dans les nuages moléculaires et/ou

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22

Alvarez, David A. "The development of time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques for studying the surface of Europa for astrobiology." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/alvarez.pdf.

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Silva, Evandro Pereira da. "Estudo espectroscópico da intercalação de aminoácidos em hidróxidos duplos lamelares: perspectivas astrobiológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-16082017-112050/.

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Entender como se originou a vida é um dos desafios propostos pela astrobiologia. Este trabalho busca compreender como argilas aniônicas do tipo hidróxidos duplos lamelares (LDH) interagem com alguns aminoácidos quando submetido a condições presentes no passado do nosso planeta. Para tanto, foi estudada a interação dos aminoácidos cisteína (cys), cistina (cyss) e ácido glutâmico (glu) com duas variações de LDHs: hidrotalcita, que consistem em um LDH de Mg e Al (LDHal), e as piroauritas, um LDH de Mg e Fe III (LDHfe). Os LDHs foram sintetizados com cada um dos três aminoácidos por coprecipitação

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Battison, Leila. "Exceptional preservation of cells in phosphate and the early evolution of the biosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9cbd8d3-7b2f-461e-9f19-9901d2764ba5.

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The Proterozoic period saw some of the most fundamental revolutions in the biological and geological world. During this period, life diversified and set the stage for the radiation of multicellular life, altering the face of the planet in the process. The fossil record of this time is not yet fully understood, and a revisitation of a historically reported fossil deposit in the 1 Ga Torridon rocks of northwest Scotland shows that they host the fossils of the earliest non-marine eukaryotes, as well as a full and diverse fossil assemblage preserved in sedimentary phosphates and shales. Fine scale

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25

Gangidine, Andrew. "Trace Element Concentrations in Microbial Fossils as a Novel Biosignature for Life on Ancient Earth and Beyond." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1584015501312535.

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Van, Laerhoven Christa Lynn. "Multi-planet Extra-solar Systems: Tides and Classical Secular Theory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321296.

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In a multi-planet system, gravitational interactions cause orbital eccentricity variations. For non-resonant systems, classical secular theory reveals that the eccentricities are vector sums of contributions from several eigenmodes. Examination of the eigenvectors often reveals subsets of planets that interact especially strongly as dynamical groups. Perturbations from other sources, such as tides, are shared among the planets through the secular interactions. If one planet's eccentricity is tidally damped, all the eigenmodes damp so as to leave a signature on their amplitudes. Therefore, if o

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27

Milam, Stefanie Nicole. "Following Carbon's Evolutionary Path: From Nucleosynthesis to the Solar System." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194067.

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Studies of carbon's evolutionary path have been conducted via millimeter and submillimeter observations of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs), planetary nebulae (PNe), molecular clouds and comets. The 12C/13C isotope ratio was measured in Galactic molecular clouds using the CN isotopologs. A gradient of 12CN/13CN was determined to be 12C/13C = 6.01 DGC +12.28, where DGC is distance from the Galactic center. The results of CN are in agreement with those of CO and H2CO indicating a true ratio not influenced by fractionation effects or isotope-selective photodissociation. The 12C/13C isotope rati

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Smith, Heather D. "Designing an Instrument Based nn Native Fluorescence to Determine Soil Microbial Content at a Mars Analog Site." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/614.

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For this research project we designed an instrument to detect bacteria via biomolecular fluorescence. We introduce the current understanding of astrobiology, our knowledge of life beyond Earth, and the commonality of Earth life as it pertains to the search for life on Mars. We proposed a novel technique for searching for direct evidence of life on the surface of Mars using fluorescence. We use the arid region of the Mojave Desert as an analog of Mars. Results indicate the fluorescence of the biotic component of desert soils is approximately as strong as the fluorescence of the mineral componen

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29

Page, Kristian. "Evaluation of Raman spectroscopy for application in analytical astrobiology : the application of Raman spectroscopy for characterisation of biological and geological materials of relevance to space exploration." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5716.

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In 2018 ESA and NASA plan to send the ExoMars rover to the Martian surface. This rover is planned to have a suite of analytical equipment that includes a Raman spectrometer. In this context, an evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool for interplanetary studies is investigated. The preparation techniques for appropriate inorganic and organic mixtures are interrogated. Methods are investigated to optimize the homogeneity of over 50 samples involving mineral phases; calcite, gypsum and goethite and selected organic biomolecular systems; anthracene, naphthalene and beta-carotene. Fr

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30

Souza, Claudio Mendes Dias de. "Contribuições químicas à astrobiologia: estudo da interação entre biomoléculas e minerais por espectroscopia raman." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-14122017-134902/.

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Esta tese se insere no contexto da química prebiótica, que estuda a evolução química que ocorreu antes do surgimento da vida na Terra. Tal área pertence ao ramo de pesquisa da Astrobiologia, que estuda o surgimento, a evolução, distribuição e futuro da vida na Terra ou em outro lugar do Universo. Dentre as várias hipóteses abordadas na química prebiótica, a hipótese mineral é foco de estudo deste trabalho, ou seja, se os minerais podem ter agido como preconcentradores ou protetores de moléculas biologicamente relevantes para a química prebiótica e como catalisadores de reações. A classe minera

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Nixon, Sophie Louise. "Microbial iron reduction on Earth and Mars." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9974.

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The search for life beyond Earth is the driving force behind several future missions to Mars. An essential task in the lead-up to these missions is a critical assessment of the habitability for, and feasibility of, life. However, little research has been conducted on this issue, and our understanding of the plausibility for life on Mars remains unconstrained. Owing to the anoxic and iron-rich nature of Mars, microbial iron reduction (MIR) represents a compelling candidate metabolism to operate in the Martian subsurface, past and present. The objectives of this thesis are to address the feasibi

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Abramov, Oleg. "Impact-Induced Hydrothermal Activity on Earth and Mars." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193511.

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While several lines of evidence strongly hint at the biological importance of impact-induced hydrothermal systems during the impact cataclysm at ~3.9 Ga, these systems are not well understood. There is unambiguous evidence of hydrothermal activity at many terrestrial craters, but the available samples represent a very limited number of crater diameters and locations within the crater. Therefore, computer models are crucial for learning how impact-induced hydrothermal systems work, how long they last, and whether they provide suitable environments for thermophilic microorganisms. This dissertat

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Whitaker, Darren Andrew. "Method development for the application of vibrational spectroscopy to complex organic-inorganic materials in astrobiology : a systematic development of Raman spectroscopy and related analytical methods to the structural chemistry at organic (biological) and inorganic (mineralogical) interfaces of material assemblies relevant to astrobiology and inter-planetary science." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7332.

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In the search for the conformation of extant or extinct life in an extraterrestrial setting the detection of organic molecular species which may be considered diagnostic of life is a key objective. These molecular targets comprise a range of distinct chemical species, with recognisable spectroscopic features. This project aims to use these features to develop an in-situ molecular specific Raman spectroscopic methodology which can provide structural information about the organic–inorganic interface. The development of this methodology identified a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic technique,

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34

Whitaker, Darren A. "Method Development for the Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Complex Organic-Inorganic Materials in Astrobiology. A Systematic Development of Raman Spectroscopy and Related Analytical Methods to the Structural Chemistry at Organic (Biological) and Inorganic (Mineralogical) Interfaces of Material Assemblies Relevant to Astrobiology and Inter-Planetary Science." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7332.

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In the search for the conformation of extant or extinct life in an extraterrestrial setting the detection of organic molecular species which may be considered diagnostic of life is a key objective. These molecular targets comprise a range of distinct chemical species, with recognisable spectroscopic features. This project aims to use these features to develop an in-situ molecular specific Raman spectroscopic methodology which can provide structural information about the organic–inorganic interface. The development of this methodology identified a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic t

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35

Galante, Douglas. "Efeitos astrofísicos e astrobiológicos de Gamma-Ray Bursts." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-19062009-014454/.

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O presente trabalho tem o objetivo principal de compreender os possíveis efeitos da radiação energética de um evento de Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) sobre o meio interestelar no entorno de seu local de geração e em planetas possivelmente iluminados. Gamma-Ray Bursts foram detectados pela primeira vez nos anos 60 e rapidamente atraíram a atenção da comunidade astrofísica, uma vez que as energias emitidas apenas em poderiam alcançar 1054erg, o equivalente a massa de repouso do Sol. Não se conhecia nenhum mecanismo tão eficiente para extrair energia gravitacional para produzir tal evento. Mais tarde, a

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Juanes-Vallejo, Clara M. "Engineering design instrumentation for life detection planetary exploration missions." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7319.

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The aim of the research documented in this thesis was to explore issues associated with the development of instrumentation for life detection and characterisation in a planetary exploration context. Within this aim, the following objectives had to be achieved: 1. To consider current and near-future single molecule detection (ultra-low lower limit of detection) analytical techniques that would be compatible with development into a Space qualifiable in situ analytical instrument for the detection of biomarkers in a planetary exploration context. 2. To practically consider the consequences of Pla

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Cataldi, Gianni. "Debris disks from an astronomical and an astrobiological viewpoint." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101234.

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In this licentiate thesis, I consider debris disks from an observational, astronomical viewpoint, but also discuss a potential astrobiological application. Debris disks are essentially disks of dust and rocks around main-sequence stars, analogue to the Kuiper- or the asteroid belt in our solar system. Their observation and theoretical modeling can help to constrain planet formation models and help in the understanding of the history of the solar system. After a general introduction into the field of debris disks and some basic debris disk physics, the thesis concentrates on the observation of

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Rouquette, Laura. "Evolution de molécules organiques en conditions martiennes simulées : expériences en laboratoire et en orbite basse terrestre sur la Station Spatiale Internationale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1096/document.

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La recherche et la détection de molécules organique à la surface de Mars est l’un des objectifs des missions martiennes actuelles (MSL, Mars Science Laboratory) et futures (ExoMars 2020). Plusieurs sources de matière organique peuvent être considérées telles que les sources abiotiques (milieu interplanétaire, hydrothermalisme, synthèses atmosphériques…) mais également les sources biotiques telles qu’une potentielle activité biologique martienne passée. A ce titre, le rover Curiosity de la mission MSL a permis la détection de composés organiques d’origine martienne chlorés et soufrés, bien que

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Rix, Catherine S. "Detecting life on Mars and the life marker chip : antibody assays for detecting organic molecules in liquid extracts of Martian samples." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7250.

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The Life Marker Chip instrument, which has been selected to fly as part of the 2018 ExoMars rover mission payload, aims to detect up to 25 organic molecules in martian rocks and regolith, as markers of extant life, extinct life, meteoritic in-fall and spacecraft contamination. Martian samples will be extracted with a solvent and the resulting liquid extracts will be analysed using multiplexed microarray-format immunoassays. The LMC is under development by an international consortium led by the University of Leicester and the work described within this thesis was carried out at Cranfield Univer

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Nicholson, Natasha Elizabeth. "Gravitational geomicrobiology : biofilms and their mineral interactions under terrestrial and altered gravity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33256.

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Experiments with microbial biofilms in microgravity and simulated microgravity have revealed altered growth kinetics, but geomicrobial biofilms have not yet been studied in low gravity environments. No characterisation of biofilms, geomicrobial or otherwise, have been conducted at hypergravity. This thesis explores factors affecting microbe-mineral interactions under terrestrial conditions, lays the groundwork for a scheduled microgravity experiment, and provides the first data on biofilms grown at hypergravity. As a first step in understanding microbe-mineral interactions in altered gravity e

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O'Malley-James, Jack T. "Life at the end of worlds : modelling the biosignatures of microbial life in diverse environments at the end of the habitable lifetimes of Earth-like planets." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5549.

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This thesis investigates how increased global mean temperatures on Earth, induced by the increase in the luminosity of the Sun as it ages, change the types of habitable environments on the planet at local scales over the next 3 Gyr. Rising temperatures enhance silicate weathering rates, reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels to below the threshold for photosynthesis, while simultaneously pushing environments past the temperature tolerances of plant and animal species. This leads to the end of all plant life and animal life (due to reduced food, O₂ and H₂O availability, as well as higher temperatures)

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Benneke, Björn, Michael Werner, Erik Petigura, et al. "SPITZER OBSERVATIONS CONFIRM AND RESCUE THE HABITABLE-ZONE SUPER-EARTH K2-18b FOR FUTURE CHARACTERIZATION." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624028.

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The recent detections of two transit events attributed to the super-Earth candidate K2-18b have provided the unprecedented prospect of spectroscopically studying a habitable-zone planet outside the solar system. Orbiting a nearby M2.5 dwarf and receiving virtually the same stellar insolation as Earth, K2-18b would be a prime candidate for the first detailed atmospheric characterization of a habitable-zone exoplanet using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Here, we report the detection of a third transit of K2-18b near the predicted transit time using the Sp

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Alajtal, Adel I. "Raman spectroscopic application for the analysis of organic compounds and minerals of astrobiological significance. The detection and discrimination of organic compounds and mineral analogues in pure and mixed samples of astrobiological significance using raman spectroscopy, XRD and scanning electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4425.

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise both organic and geological samples in order to build a database for the future characterization of biomarker molecules that are of astrobiological relevance. Characteristic geological features and hydrated minerals recently found on the surface of Mars by the NASA planetary rovers Spirit and Opportunity suggest that a possible biosphere could have once existed there. Analytical instrumentation protocols for the unequivocal detection of biomarkers in suitable geological matrices are critical for future unmanned explorations, including the forthc

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Alajtal, Adel Imhemed. "Raman spectroscopic application for the analysis of organic compounds and minerals of astrobiological significance : the detection and discrimination of organic compounds and mineral analogues in pure and mixed samples of astrobiological significance using raman spectroscopy, XRD and scanning electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4425.

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise both organic and geological samples in order to build a database for the future characterization of biomarker molecules that are of astrobiological relevance. Characteristic geological features and hydrated minerals recently found on the surface of Mars by the NASA planetary rovers Spirit and Opportunity suggest that a possible biosphere could have once existed there. Analytical instrumentation protocols for the unequivocal detection of biomarkers in suitable geological matrices are critical for future unmanned explorations, including the forthc

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Bolmont, Emeline. "Evolution et habitabilité de systèmes planétaires autour d’étoiles de faible masse et de naines brunes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14897/document.

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La découverte de plus de 900 planètes autour d’autres étoiles que le Soleil rend notre époque excitante. Ces systèmes planétaires nous ont fait changer notre perception du monde qui était jusqu’alors basée sur nos connaissances du système solaire. Certains systèmes détectés sont beaucoup plus compacts que notre système solaire et les planètes se trouvent extrêmement proches de leur étoile. Pour comprendre la structure de ces systèmes et leur évolution, il est important d’étudier les effets de marée.Les missions d’observations des exoplanètes commencent à détecter des planètes de moins en moins

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Saiagh, Kafila. "Photochimie de la matière organique dans le système solaire : application aux grains cométaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1159.

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L'étude de la photochimie dans le système solaire est de toute première importance pour appréhender la chimie organique complexe au sein d'un environnement extraterrestre. Parmi ces environnements, les comètes revêtent un intérêt particulier en exobiologie puisqu'elles ont pu, ainsi que leurs grains, être des vecteurs de matière organique sur la Terre primitive et ainsi contribuer à l'émergence de la vie. Mais dans quelle mesure, la matière organique potentiellement présente au sein des grains survit-elle face aux rayonnements solaires? Ma thèse porte sur l'étude de la dégradation photochimiqu

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Bardyn, Anaïs. "Caractérisation de la matière organique contenue dans les particules de la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko par spectrométrie de masse avec l’instrument COSIMA de la sonde Rosetta." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1083/document.

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La sonde spatiale européenne Rosetta, après un voyage de dix années, a rejoint le 6 août 2014 son objet d’étude, la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G). Afin de l’étudier de manière intensive durant deux ans, un total de 21 instruments était embarqué sur l’orbiteur Rosetta et l’atterrisseur Philae. Le spectromètre de masse d’ions secondaires à temps de vol, COSIMA (COmetary Secondary Ions Mass Analyzer), était l’un des instruments de l’orbiteur et a été conçu pour analyser in situ la composition chimique des particules solides éjectées de la comète 67P/C-G. L’objectif de cette thèse est

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Anderson, Peter M. "Encephalization in Commensal Raccoons: A Unique Test of the Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3720.

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This study investigated selective pressures associated with encephalization in mammals and discussed broader implications. Relative brain size as measured by EQ (Encephalization Quotient) was compared between ecological categories. Omnivores had higher average EQ than ecological specialists. Since specialists are disproportionately affected by extinction events, selection for ecological generalism is proposed as encephalization mechanism. This mechanism may reinforce the more widely known Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis (CBH)—the idea that possessing relatively large brains has buffered lineages a

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Athayde, Saladina Amoedo. "Processo educacional no ensino de Ci?ncias e Biologia na perspectiva da Astrobiologia." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/245.

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Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-10-21T23:19:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Saladina Amoedo Athayde - Disserta??o de Mestrado.pdf: 1649534 bytes, checksum: bd2a63d306451ca97d675a7b1decb6ab (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T23:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saladina Amoedo Athayde - Disserta??o de Mestrado.pdf: 1649534 bytes, checksum: bd2a63d306451ca97d675a7b1decb6ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27<br>This paper presents a proposal of educational process, developed through applied research in order to seek the improvement

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Souza, Jonas Garcia de [UNESP]. "Astrobiologia: obstáculos e possibilidades, a (re)ligação com o cosmos e o ensino de ciências." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90981.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_jg_me_bauru.pdf: 859996 bytes, checksum: 632205b0e8d01e4c1d77ada250802a25 (MD5)<br>Fruto de um saber fragmentado, a humanidade só pode assistir perplexa aos problemas complexos e intrincados, que o pensamento simples é incapaz de conceber. Frente nossa impotência para com as possibilidades iminentes, até mesmo de extinçãoda espécie humana, naturalmente se espera que busquemos ações diferentes, novos olhares, novos par

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