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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian merino sheep Growth Experiments”

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Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

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1

Warner, R. D., D. W. Pethick, P. L. Greenwood, E. N. Ponnampalam, R. G. Banks, and D. L. Hopkins. "Unravelling the complex interactions between genetics, animal age and nutrition as they impact on tissue deposition, muscle characteristics and quality of Australian sheep meat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07229.

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The combined effects of age and genetics and Poll Dorset sire and growth path were studied in two separate experiments (n = 595 and 627, respectively). In the first experiment, containing genotype crosses typically used in Australia (Merino, Poll Dorset, Border Leicester) and sires selected for growth or muscling, sheep were slaughtered at 4, 8, 14 and 22 months. The second experiment used Poll Dorset sires selected for high muscling, fat or growth with progeny having two levels of nutrition postweaning. Border Leicesters expressed higher levels of carcass fat percentage and intramuscular fat

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2

Doyle, PT, RA Love, and TW Plaisted. "Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950437.

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Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any

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Murray, PJ, JB Rowe, EM Aitchison, and SG Winslow. "Liveweight gain and wool growth in sheep fed rations containing virginiamycin." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921037.

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The feed additive virginiamycin was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth and liveweight gain in Merino sheep in 2 experiments. In the first experiment 84 wethers (about 10 months old) were housed individually and fed ad libitum a pelleted diet based on lucerne chaff, lupin, and barley grain. Control sheep (28) were fed an unmedicated diet, and 14 in each of 4 groups were given diets containing 10, 20, 40, or 60 mg virginiamycin/kg pellets. Virginiamycin was found to reduce feed intake during the first 4-5 weeks of the experiment when included at levels 220 g/t. There was a dose-r

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4

Thompson, A. N., M. B. Ferguson, A. J. D. Campbell, D. J. Gordon, G. A. Kearney, C. M. Oldham, and B. L. Paganoni. "Improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation increases weaning weight and survival of progeny but does not affect their mature size." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09139.

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Lamb growth to weaning, and during the period immediately following weaning, influences post-weaning mortality and may affect mature size. The hypothesis tested in the experiments reported in this paper was that changes in the maternal liveweight of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation could predict the weight at weaning, post-weaning survival and mature size of their progeny. At two sites (Vic. and WA) in each of two years, a wide range in the liveweight profiles of ewes was generated during pregnancy and lactation by varying the amount of supplements fed and feed on offer grazed. Acros

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5

Kirkegaard, J. A., S. J. Sprague, H. Dove, W. M. Kelman, S. J. Marcroft, A. Lieschke, G. N. Howe, and J. M. Graham. "Dual-purpose canola—a new opportunity in mixed farming systems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 4 (2008): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07285.

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The term dual-purpose canola describes the use of a canola crop for forage before seed production. It could potentially provide a profitable and flexible break-crop option for mixed farms, but there have been no studies to test the concept in Australia. We investigated the feasibility of using canola in this way in field experiments near Canberra, Australia, from 2004 to 2006, using European winter and mid–late maturing Australian spring canola varieties. Winter varieties sown from early March to mid-April produced 2.5–5.0 t/ha of biomass providing 0.3–3.5 t/ha of high-quality forage grazed by

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6

Young, J., P. T. Doyle, and P. Booth. "Strip grazing to control wool growth rate of sheep grazing green annual pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98143.

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We compared strip grazing (SG) as a means of controlling wool growth rate, reducing variation in fibre diameter along the staple, and of carrying more Merino sheep through winter on green annual pastures, with set stocking (SS) in 3 experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, SG involved grazing to a residual feed on offer (FOO) of 400 kg DM/ha with an estimated intake of about 0.8 kg DM/day for each sheep. Treatments commenced after pasture establishment in autumn–winter, with both treatments stocked at 20 wethers/ha until late spring. During spring, average liveweight changes were lower (P<0.01)

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7

Z, Hernández-Russo. "Effect of Gastrointestinal Nematodes on Reproduction and Lamb Growth in Australian Merino Sheep." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 5, no. 2 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000204.

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Environmental conditions in Uruguay favour the development of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) throughout the year, with clinical or subclinical manifestations that cause significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the GIN on fertility, fecundity, reproductive rate and lamb growth in Australian Merino sheep grazing on basalt fields. The study was carried out in a farm located in north of Uruguay. Sixty-eight Merino ewes facing a natural parasite challenge were divided into two groups. Control group was doused with active anthelmintic that have proven effica

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8

Bowen, M. K., P. M. Pepper, J. L. Winkleman, R. C. McPhie, and M. R. Winter. "Using automated supplementation systems to meet growth targets for grazing sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 9 (2008): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07412.

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Remote drafting technology now available for sheep allows targeted supplementation of individuals within a grazing flock. This paper reports results of three experiments. Experiment 1 examined the weight change of Merino wethers allowed access to either lupin grain or whole cottonseed 0, 1, 2 or 7 days/week for 6 weeks. Experiment 2 examined the weight change of Merino wethers allowed access to either lupins or a sorghum + cottonseed meal (CSM) supplement 0, 2, 4 or 7 days/week for 8 weeks. Experiment 3 investigated the relationship between five allocations of trough space at the supplement se

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9

Salvatore, L., D. Allen, K. L. Butler, D. Tucman, A. Elkins, D. W. Pethick, and F. R. Dunshea. "Factors affecting the concentration of short branched-chain fatty acids in sheep fat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07037.

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The concentration of short branched-chain fatty acids, specifically 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA), in subcutaneous fat were determined in five genotypes (Poll Dorset × Border Leicester Merino, Poll Dorset × Merino, Poll Dorsetmuscling × Merino, Merino × Merino, Border Leicester × Merino) of Australian sheep. In total, 264 ewes and wethers, either 8 or 22 months of age, were selected for genotype, age and gender. These animals were sired by 16 rams that were selected for growth based on estimated breeding values (EBVs), except for one group (Poll Dorsetmuscling × M

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KRAUSGRILL, D. I., N. M. TULLOH, W. R. SHORTHOSE, and K. SHARPE. "Effects of weight loss in ewes in early pregnancy on muscles and meat quality of lambs." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 1 (February 1999): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006133.

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Three successive experiments, of similar design, were carried out during 1986–88 at Mount Derrimut, Australia. Mature Merino ewes were mated to Poll Dorset rams and then allocated to either a control group (C) or a treatment group (R). Ewes from each treatment were slaughtered 60, 70, 100 or 140 days post-conception and the development of their foetuses was compared in terms of body size and muscle characteristics. In Expts 1 and 2, some ewes were allowed to lamb and the progeny in each group were slaughtered after reaching a body weight of 35 kg, for comparison of growth rates, muscle charact

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11

Sakul, Hakan, Martin Dally, and Eric Bradford. "Evaluation of Australian merino and U.S. sheep breeds for growth and carcass traits1." Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1993.712363x.

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Brown, D. J., and N. M. Fogarty. "Genetic relationships between internal parasite resistance and production traits in Merino sheep." Animal Production Science 57, no. 2 (2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15469.

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Breeding Merino sheep that are resistant to internal parasites alleviates the high costs associated with treatment of worm infestation and loss of production, as well as mitigating the development of anthelmintic resistance among the major worm species. Faecal worm egg count ((cube root transformation), wec) can be used in sheep as a measure of internal parasite resistance. Accurate estimates of genetic parameters for wec are required for calculation of Australian Sheep Breeding Values and inclusion of worm resistance in sheep breeding programs. This study provides updated estimates of heritab

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13

Bray, M., D. K. Revell, C. S. Bawden, and P. I. Hynd. "Keratin gene expression in Merino sheep with divergent wool growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03253.

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South Australian Merino sheep were selected on the basis of high or low estimated breeding values (EBV) for wool growth rate (W), but with similar bodyweight, follicle density, and mean fibre diameter. Differences in the level of expression of keratin genes were examined in the skin of these sheep to test the hypothesis that divergence in EBV for wool growth is related to the production of wool proteins differing in sulfur (S) content. Further, it was proposed that this differential gene expression would be most pronounced when the supply of S amino acids to the animal was increased. Sheep sel

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14

Foldes, A., J. B. Donnelly, C. A. Maxwell, S. B. James, and S. L. Clancy. "Circadian rhythm in wool depilation force in Merino and Merino X Border Leicester sheep." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 2 (April 1985): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600044087.

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SummaryAs part of an ongoing investigation of ovine neuroendocrine mechanisms relating to photoperiod and eventually to wool growth, the diurnal variation of depilation force (an index of the strength of attachment of wool fibres to the skin of sheep) was investigated in Merino wethers and Border Leicester Merino ewes. Circadian rhythms were demonstrated in depilation force in both ewes and wethers. Further experiments were performed to investigate circadian endocrine rhythms which may have some bearing on the observed rhythm in depilation force. Circadian rhythms 180° out of phase with the de

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15

Van Beem, D., D. Wellington, B. L. Paganoni, P. E. Vercoe, and J. T. B. Milton. "Feed efficiency for meat and wool production by Merino and F1 Dohne×Merino lambs fed pelleted diets of different nutritive value." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08063.

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There is anecdotal evidence from Western Australian breeders that Dohne sheep maintain a higher level of meat and wool production than Australian Merinos. Feed efficiency, carcass and wool attributes are moderately heritable so we hypothesised there would be differences in these traits between Merino and F1 Dohne × Merino lambs. Two groups of 15 Merino and 15 F1 Dohne × Merino wether lambs (29–40 kg) were fed a pelleted diet of either moderate or high energy and protein content for 48 days. Ad libitum pellet intake and liveweight gain were measured and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both

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16

Ash, A. J., and B. W. Norton. "Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on fleece growth by Australian cashmere goats." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 1 (August 1987): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081168.

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Australian feral goats have recently been found to produce commercially viable quantities of the luxury fibre cashmere (Smith, Clarke & Turner, 1973). Cashmere is the fine down produced by secondary follicles as an undercoat during winter. Fibre diameter ranges from 8 to 24 μm with a mean diameter of 16 μm. Unlike modern breeds of sheep such as the Merino which exhibit almost continuous wool growth, cashmere growth is distinctly seasonal with fibre growth commencing in summer (long daylength) and reaching a maximum length in early winter (short daylength) (McDonald, 1985). The cashmere is

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17

Butler, LG, WR King, and CL McDonald. "Growth of young Merino sheep grazing cereal stubbles and supplemented ad libitum with oats, of different crude protein contents, sprayed with various amounts of urea." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (1987): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870339.

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In 2 experiments on cereal stubble, growth responses by Merino hoggets and Merino weaners to ad libitum supplementation with oat grain sprayed with a urea-ammonium sulfate solution were examined. In each experiment, 3 batches of oats of different crude protein(CP=7.8,9.3, 11.4 and 7.1, 10.1, 12.5% w/w) were treated with different amounts of urea (0.55-3.2% w/w) and the feed was offered to groups of 10 hoggets or 7 weaners for 70 days and 100 days respectively. The growth of Merino wether weaners grazing wheat stubble was significantly increased from 86 g/sheep.day to 116 g/sheep.day by adding

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18

Pickering, FS, and PJ Reis. "Effects of abomasal supplements of methionine on wool growth of grazing sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 1 (1993): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930007.

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Seven experiments are reported in which methionine supplements were given directly into the abomasum of Merino wethers grazing either improved or native pasture at Armidale, New South Wales. In 4 experiments where initial wool growth was 0.4-0.8 mg/cm2.day of clean dry wool, significant increases in wool growth (at 2.4 g methionine/day in 3 experiments and 0.6-4.8 g/day in the fourth) and fibre diameter were obtained when methionine was given once daily in capsules. In the fourth experiment the response to methionine was quadratic, with a maximum at 2.4 g/day. In the remaining 3 experiments, w

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Aboneev, Vasily, Dmitry Aboneev, Ekaterina Aboneeva, Safarbi Kazanchev, and Dastanbek Baimukanov. "Results of using different breed studs in commercial fine wool sheep breeding." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126202016.

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This work presents the material of research and production experiments on the crossing of stud rams of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed and Australian meat merino with fine wool ewes of a commercial herd. It is identified that the use of North Caucasian rams on fine wool ewes serves to increase the fertilizing ability and milk production of the breeding stock, to increase viability and resistance of young animals, as confirmed by the best morphometrical differences of crossbred offspring placentas. Crossbred offspring from semi-fine wool rams had a large live weight at birth at 21 days

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Cronin, Greg M., Danai F. Beganovic, Amanda L. Sutton, David J. Palmer, Peter C. Thomson, and Imke Tammen. "Manifestation of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Australian Merino sheep: Observations on altered behaviour and growth." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 175 (February 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.11.012.

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Cake, M. A., M. D. Boyce, G. E. Gardner, D. L. Hopkins, and D. W. Pethick. "Genotype and gender effects on sheep limb bone growth and maturation: selection for loin depth causes bone hypotrophy." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07058.

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This study aimed to compare limb bone growth between offspring of typical crosses used in Australian prime lamb production. Limb bones from sheep of five genotypes – Merino (M × M), Border Leicester sire × Merino (BL × M), Poll Dorset sires selected for growth × Merino (PDg × M), Poll Dorset sires selected for eye muscle depth (PDm × M) × Merino, or second cross (PDg × BLM) – at four time points from 4 to 22 months of age (n = 593) were dissected, measured and weighed. Growth curves were fitted within genotype groups and used to compare (i) overall limb bone growth in terms of length and weigh

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Lees, A. M., M. L. Sullivan, J. C. W. Olm, A. J. Cawdell-Smith, and J. B. Gaughan. "The influence of heat load on Merino sheep. 1. Growth, performance, behaviour and climate." Animal Production Science 60, no. 16 (2020): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19687.

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Context Annually, millions of sheep are exported from Australia to the Middle East, typically during the southern hemisphere winter to the northern hemisphere summer. During these voyages, sheep can be exposed to relatively rapid changes in ambient conditions within a short period of time (≤29 days); therefore, excessive heat load concerns can arise. Aims The aim of this study was to define the responses of sheep to incremental heat load under simulated live export conditions. The study herein describes (1) the heat load imposed, and (2) the effect of this heat load on the growth, performance

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23

Walkom, S. F., A. N. Thompson, E. Bowen, and D. J. Brown. "Weaner survival is heritable in Australian Merinos and current breeding objectives are potentially leading to a decline in survival." Animal Production Science 59, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17151.

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There is little evidence to show that mortality rates during the period after weaning are improving over time in Australian sheep. The average mortality rate of Merino lambs during the post-weaning period has been estimated to be 5.2%. The present study explored the potential for producers to breed for improved survival rates during the post-weaning period and the potential impact this would have on key production traits. A total of 122526 weaner survival (mortality) records were obtained from 18 Merino flocks, between 1989 and 2014, encompassing a wide variety of Australian Merino sheep types

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Shahinfar, S., and L. Kahn. "Machine learning approaches for early prediction of adult wool growth and quality in Australian Merino sheep." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 148 (May 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.03.001.

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Kleemann, DO, RW Ponzoni, JE Stafford, IN Cutten, and RJ Grimson. "Growth and carcass characters of the South Australian Merino and its crosses with the Booroola and Trangie Fertility Merino." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850750.

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South Australian Merino (M) and highly fecund Booroola (B) and Trangie Fertility (TF) Merino strain rams were mated to M ewes to produce M, B x M and TF x M progeny. At 4-5 months of age (24-kg slaughter group), TF x M and M lambs were heavier than B x M lambs (25.3 and 24.8 kg respectively, v. 228 kg). Similar proportional strain differences were observed at 14-1 5 months of age (38-kg slaughter group), except that, in one year, no difference was observed between the M and B x M strains, resulting in a strain x year interaction (P<0.05). When adjusted for age, TF x M carcasses were heavier

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Joy, Aleena, Frank R. Dunshea, Brian J. Leury, Iain J. Clarke, Kristy DiGiacomo, Pragna Prathap, Minghao Zhang, and Surinder S. Chauhan. "275 Access to Shade Mitigate Heat Stress and Improves Growth Performance in Lambs During Summer." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.263.

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Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of provision of shade on behavior, physiology, and growth of Merino lambs exposed to natural Australian summer conditions. Sixty Merino lambs were randomly allocated to either pasture with shade (n = 30;paddock with trees) or a pasture without shade (n = 30;paddock without any trees) for one month during southern-Australian summer (February-2021). Sheep were grazing on the pastures as per standard protocols followed on the farm with ad libitum access to water. Lambs were monitored twice daily between 0900-1000h and 1400

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Ponnampalam, E. N., D. L. Hopkins, K. L. Butler, F. R. Dunshea, and R. D. Warner. "Genotype and age effects on sheep meat production. 2. Carcass quality traits." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07001.

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The present study examines carcass quality traits in different genotypes of Australian sheep slaughtered at 4, 8, 14 and 22 months of age. Poll Dorsetgrowth × Border Leicester Merino (PDg × BLM), Poll Dorsetgrowth × Merino (PDg × M), Poll Dorsetmuscling × Merino (PDm × M), Merino × Merino (M × M) and Border Leicester × Merino (BL × M) genotypes were compared. Sires were selected on the basis of growth (PDg, M and BL) and muscle (PDm) using estimated breeding values (EBVs). Approximately 150 mixed sex animals were slaughtered at each age (595 in total for the four slaughters) and carcass qualit

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Pethick, D. W., D. L. Hopkins, D. N. D'Souza, J. M. Thompson, and P. J. Walker. "Effects of animal age on the eating quality of sheep meat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 5 (2005): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03256.

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The aim of this work was to test the effects of animal age on consumer perceptions of sheep meat quality. Experiment 1 tested eating quality scores (tenderness, liking of flavour, juiciness and overall liking) derived from untrained consumers of grilled M. longissimus lumborum (LL) or M. biceps femoris (BF) derived from Merino ewes ranging from 8.5 to 68.5 months of age. The ewes were derived from one farm and all received a pelleted diet (60% hay, 30% lupin grain and 10% barley grain) that sustained growth between 118 and 173 g/day for at least 22 days pre-slaughter. In experiment 2 consumer

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Barwick, S. A., D. J. Brown, B. R. Cullis, A. K. Bell, T. J. May, M. W. Lollback, I. M. Rogan, et al. "The performance of the Border Leicester in Australia." Animal Production Science 61, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19493.

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Aims We examine the average performance of Border Leicester (BL) flocks that are part of LAMBPLAN, Australia’s sheep performance recording and genetic evaluation system. We also summarise outcomes from the New South Wales Department of Primary Industry’s research on BL improvement, and discuss the performance required for the BL to continue to be a pivotal part of the Australian prime lamb industry. Key results Modest gains have been recorded in the BL in growth since 2000 and faecal egg counts have reduced, suggesting improved worm resistance. The net reproductive rate has slightly improved,

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30

Donald, GE, JP Langlands, JE Bowles, and AJ Smith. "Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 5. Selenium status and the growth and wool production of sheep supplemented with thyroid hormones." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 1 (1994): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940013.

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Fine wool Merino sheep grazed pastures low in selenium (Se) in 2 experiments, and were supplemented with Se and thyroxine (T4) in experiment 1, and with Se, T4, and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in experiment 2. Both experiments ran for 6 months. In experiment 1, 72 sheep with a mean liveweight of 37 kg were given Se by intraruminal pellet and 6 levels of T4 ranging from 0 to 10 mg sodium L-thyroxine as a subcutaneous injection at 14-day intervals. In experiment 2, 36 sheep with a mean liveweight of 24 kg were given Se by intraruminal pellet, and 3 levels of T4 ranging from 0 to 0.4 mg and 3 levels o

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McDowall, M. L., N. S. Watson-Haigh, N. M. Edwards, H. N. Kadarmideen, G. S. Nattrass, H. A. McGrice, and P. I. Hynd. "Transient treatment of pregnant Merino ewes with modulators of cortisol biosynthesis coinciding with primary wool follicle initiation alters lifetime wool growth." Animal Production Science 53, no. 10 (2013): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12193.

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The economically important characteristics of the adult fleece of Merino sheep, such as increases in clean fleece weight, fibre length, fibre diameter and crimp characteristics are determined during critical phases of fetal development of the skin and its appendages. Genetics plays a major role in the development of traits, but the maternal uterine environment could also influence development. Treatment of pregnant ewes with cortisol and its analogues has previously been shown to produce changes in wool follicle morphology. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transient manipul

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Safari, E., N. M. Fogarty, A. R. Gilmour, K. D. Atkins, S. I. Mortimer, A. A. Swan, F. D. Brien, J. C. Greeff, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Across population genetic parameters for wool, growth, and reproduction traits in Australian Merino sheep. 1. Data structure and non-genetic effects." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 2 (2007): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06161.

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Accurate estimates of adjustment factors for systematic environmental effects are required for genetic evaluation systems. This study combined data from 7 research resource flocks across Australia to estimate genetic parameters and investigate the significance of various environmental factors for production traits in Australian Merino sheep. The flocks were maintained for several generations and represented contemporary Australian Merino fine, medium, and broad wool bloodlines over the past 30 years. Over 110 000 records were available for analysis for each of the major wool traits, with over

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Alemseged, Yohannes, and Ronald B. Hacker. "Introduction of Dorper sheep into Australian rangelands: implications for production and natural resource management." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 1 (2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13034.

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The growing popularity of the Dorper breed of sheep potentially may have implications for the ecological sustainability of the semiarid and arid rangelands of southern Australia. The implications are heightened by forecasts of a warming and drying climate in these rangelands, which may in itself place native vegetation under increasing stress. While the Dorper breed of sheep offers important production advantages, little is known from research under Australian conditions about their grazing ecology and management requirements from a natural resource perspective. Key factors identified from thi

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Stephenson, RGA, GR Suter, and CJ Howitt. "Wool growth responses to DL-methionine administration and factors affecting the value of supplementation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 4 (1991): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910471.

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Wool growth responses to methionine administration were assessed using Peppin Merino wethers on various planes of nutrition. In experiment 1, sheep were fed 700 g/day of lucerne pellets to maintain liveweight. DL-methionine (5.8 g) administered subcutaneously resulted in 0.29 mg/cm2.day (36%) more wool (P<0.01) and a 2.5 �m (15.2%) increase in fibre diameter (P<0.05). In experiment 2, two levels (700 and 1400 g/day) of lucerne pellets were offered, with and without methionine administered subcutaneously (5.8 g). Main treatment analysis indicated a significant (P<0.01) effect of nutrit

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35

Safari, E., N. M. Fogarty, A. R. Gilmour, K. D. Atkins, S. I. Mortimer, A. A. Swan, F. D. Brien, J. C. Greeff, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Across population genetic parameters for wool, growth, and reproduction traits in Australian Merino sheep. 2. Estimates of heritability and variance components." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 2 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06162.

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Precise estimates of genetic parameters are required for genetic evaluation systems. This study combined data from 7 research resource flocks across Australia to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for production traits in the Australian Merino sheep. The flocks were maintained for several generations and represented contemporary Australian Merino fine, medium, and broad wool bloodlines over the past 30 years. Over 110 000 records were available for analysis for each of the major wool traits, and 50 000 records for reproduction and growth traits with over 2700 sires and 25 000

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Paganoni, B. L., C. M. Oldham, M. B. Ferguson, A. N. Thompson, P. E. Vercoe, and D. G. Gordon. "Ewe nutrition during pregnancy and birthweight of lambs has minimal impact on fat and eye muscle depth in Merino progeny." Animal Production Science 53, no. 6 (2013): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12266.

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The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that Merino lambs with lower birthweights, due to poor ewe nutrition during pregnancy, would have more fat and less muscle than Merino lambs with higher birthweights. At two sites (Victoria and Western Australia) in each of 2 years, a wide range in the liveweight profiles of ewes was generated during pregnancy and lactation by varying the amount of supplements fed and feed on offer grazed. Progeny had fat and muscle depth at the C-site measured at various ages from 8 to 28 months of age. Across the four experiments, there were differences of 0.5 kg

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Albers, GAA, GD Gray, Jambre LF Le, LR Piper, IA Barger, and JSF Barker. "The effect of Haemonchus contortus on liveweight gain and wool growth in young merino sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890419.

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Results of three crossover experiments on a total of 1078 Merino lambs were used to estimate the effect of a single infection of 11 000 Haernonchus contortus larvae on liveweight gain, clean wool growth and wool fineness. Estimates were obtained by direct comparison of six groups of infected and matched uninfected iambs under field conditions. Infections were terminated after 5 weeks, at which stage some mortality had occurred and haematocrits had in five out of six cases declined to less than 24%. Over an 8-9 week period, beginning at the time of infection, liveweight gains of infected lambs

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38

Adams, N. R., S. M. Liu, J. R. Briegel, and M. J. Thompson. "Plasma insulin concentrations and amino acid turnover in Merino sheep with high or low fleece weight." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04076.

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Although sheep with a relatively high fleece weight have reduced fat deposition and a lower reproductive rate, research has failed to identify any specific metabolic demand that growing a fleece places on the physiology of the sheep. This paper reports two experiments in which the effect of fleece weight was examined in ewes infused intravenously with amino acids. The first experiment was carried out when the ewes were 107 days pregnant, and the second 2 years later in non-pregnant ewes from the same flock. The ewes were derived initially from groups that differed in staple strength, but there

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Steel, J. W. "Effects of protein supplementation of young sheep on resistance development and resilience to parasitic nematodes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03004.

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The influence of dietary protein content, particularly the supply of metabolisable protein, on immunocompetence and on resilience to pathogenic effects during continuous exposure of young sheep to infective larvae is reviewed for the most important abomasal and small intestinal nematodes infecting young sheep in Australian grazing systems. In lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus supplementary protein improves both development of immunity and resilience in breeds of sheep that are susceptible to haemonchosis, but in relatively resistant breeds dietary supplementation appears unnecessary. Re

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Coombe, JB, A. Axelsen, and H. Dove. "Rape and sunflower seed meals as supplements for sheep grazing cereal stubbles." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870513.

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In 2 experiments, Merino sheep aged about 18 months grazed cereal stubbles for 12 weeks and were either: (i) given no supplement; (ii) given free access to blocks containing 30% urea; or received daily about 300 g DM sheep-1 of (iii) rapeseed meal (RSM); (iv) formaldehyde-treated RSM (FRSM); (v) sunflower meal (SFM); or (vi) formaldehyde-treated SFM (FSFM). In experiment 1, wethers grazed a barley stubble at stocking rates (SR) of 18 and 36 sheep ha-1, and in experiment 2, mixed flocks of wethers and ewes grazed wheat stubble at 10 and 20 sheep ha-1. Mean daily intakes of urea were about 8.5 a

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Cottle, DJ. "Effects of cottonseed meal, methionine analogues and avoparcin on the wool production of young, grazing wethers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880713.

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A series of experiments were conducted which aimed to develop a feed supplement that was more cost-effective at increasing wool growth in sheep than those currently available commercially. In experiment 1, young wethers grazing cereal stubble for 1 month were offered ad lib. blocks containing sorghum, urea and sodium bentonite (buffered Goldenpro, average intake 66 g/day), ad lib. blocks containing molasses, lupins and urea (Ultrapro 30, average intake 52 g/day), or pellets containing cottonseed meal (CSM, 50 g/day) plus hydroxymethyl- methionine (MEP, 3 g/day). Changes in liveweight were simi

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42

Granleese, T., S. A. Clark, A. A. Swan, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Increased genetic gains in multi-trait sheep indices using female reproductive technologies combined with optimal contribution selection and genomic breeding values." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15440.

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Female reproductive technologies such as multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) and juvenile in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (JIVET) can produce multiple offspring per mating in sheep and cattle. In breeding programs this allows for higher female selection intensity and, in the case of JIVET, a reduction in generation interval, resulting in higher rates of genetic gain. Low selection accuracy of young females entering JIVET has often dissuaded producers from using this technology. However, genomic selection (GS) could increase selection accuracy of candidates at a younger age

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43

Hollema, Baukje L., Piter Bijma, and Julius H. J. van der Werf. "Sensitivity of the breeding values for growth rate and worm egg count to environmental worm burden in Australian Merino sheep." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 135, no. 5 (July 11, 2018): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12349.

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Thompson, J. M., and J. R. Parks. "Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight. 3. Energy balance." Animal Science 40, no. 1 (February 1985): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100031871.

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ABSTRACTUsing a simplified energy balance equation, changes in energetic efficiency and energy expenditure were examined as a function of stage of maturity in rams and ewes from flocks of Merino sheep selected for high (weight-plus) and low (weight-minus) weaning weight and from a randomly bred control flock.Specific combustion energy of the body (i.e. MJ/kg of body weight) was an increasing linear function of stage of maturity, which increased at a slightly faster rate in the weight-minus than in the weight-plus animals (15·1 v. 13·1 MJ/kg per unit of maturity), and at a faster rate in ewes t

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Kashani, Arash, Benjamin William Behrens Holman, Peter David Nichols, and Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli. "Effect of Level of Spirulina Supplementation on the Fatty Acid Compositions of Adipose, Muscle, Heart, Kidney and Liver Tissues in Australian Dual-Purpose Lambs." Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0037.

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Abstract This study investigated the effect of level of Spirulina supplementation on the fatty acid (FA ) compositions of subcutaneous adipose, longissimus dorsi muscle, kidney, heart, and liver tissues in purebred and crossbred Australian Merino sheep. Forty-eight lambs sired by Black Suffolk, White Suffolk, Dorset and Merino rams were assigned into 4 treatment groups of daily Spirulina supplementation levels per lamb of 0 mL (control), 50 mL (low), 100 mL (medium) and 200 mL (high) referred to as 0, 5, 10 and 20% groups. The lambs were slaughtered after 9 weeks of supplementation and heart,

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Perry, Diana, J. M. Thompson, and R. M. Butterfield. "Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight 6. Muscle-weight distribution." Animal Science 47, no. 2 (October 1988): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003366.

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ABSTRACTThe change in muscle-weight distribution from birth to maturity was examined in rams and ewes from strains of Australian Merino sheep which had been selected for high or low weaning weight, and from a randomly bred control flock. The proportional distribution of total muscle weight among nine anatomically standardized muscle groups was determined for 34 mature animals. The growth of each group was then assessed relative to the growth of the total musculature, using data from 106 immature animals. Maturity coefficients were calculated separately for pre- and post-weaning growth. Several

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47

Lee, GJ, and AJ Williams. "Relationship of feed intake with cystine availability and wool growth in Merino wethers." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930973.

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Two experiments were conducted to characterize the relationship between nutrient supply and the rate of wool growth. We concentrated on the accepted view that the rate of wool growth in Merino sheep is primarily limited by the availability of sulfur amino acids, which are largely determined by diet intake and its interaction with microbial fermentation in the reticulo-rumen. In the first experiment, the effects of variable intakes of two diets (one including 10% fishmeal) by sheep on the rate of irreversible loss of cystine and plasma cystine concentration were investigated. Nitrogen intake (N

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48

Bencini, R., T. W. Knight, and P. E. Hartmann. "Secretion of milk and milk components in sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 6 (2003): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02092.

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The effect of milking intervals of 4–20 h and of milking frequencies of 1–6 times a day on the rate of secretion of milk and milk components was determined in 2 breeds of sheep unselected for dairy production, the Australian Merino and the New Zealand Poll Dorset. The rate of milk secretion was greater after short intervals and after increased milking frequencies, indicating that in sheep the rate of milk secretion in the short term is regulated by a local feedback mechanism. After short intervals between milkings, the fat concentration in the milk was higher (99.5 ± 6.21 g/kg) and the protein

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Thompson, J. M., J. R. Parks, and Diana Perry. "Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight. 1. Food intake, food efficiency and growth." Animal Science 40, no. 1 (February 1985): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100031858.

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ABSTRACTChanges in the pattern of food intake, food conversion efficiency and growth from weaning to maturity, were examined in 35 rams and ewes from flocks of Merino sheep selected for high (weight-plus) and low (weight-minus) weaning weight and from a randomly bred control flock. The sheep were individually fed a pelleted ration ad libitum for at least 72 weeks and up to 90 weeks post weaning. Weekly food intake was described as an increasing exponential function of age with a linearly declining asymptote, about which a regular oscillation occurred, and weekly body-weight gain was described

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Mulholland, JG, and GK Preston. "A comparison of buckwheat, oats, and wheat for the maintenance of liveweight and wool production in sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 3 (1995): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950339.

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Merino wethers about 2 years old were confined in pens and fed, daily or weekly, maintenance rations of whole buckwheat, crushed buckwheat, whole wheat, or oats. All rations were supplemented with a small portion of pasture hay and minerals and were compared for acceptance, digestible energy (DE), and wool growth. The DE of the ration containing whole buckwheat was 13.1 MJ/kg DM and was 86.3% of the DE value of the wheat ration and 11% higher than that of oats, but the oats were below average Australian quality. Processing buckwheat increased faecal energy loss and reduced DE by 8%. During the

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