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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Average spectral efficiency (ASE)”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Trung, Ha Duyen, Duong Huu Ai, and Anh Tuan Pham. "AVERAGE CHANNEL CAPACITY OF FREE-SPACE OPTICAL MIMO SYSTEMS OVER ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE CHANNELS." ASEAN Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (2014): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v5.15462.

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In this paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) systems. The MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account the atmospheric turbulence effects on the MIMO/FSO channel. They are modeled by log-normal and the gamma-gamma distributions for the cases of weak-to-strong turbulence conditions. We quantitatively discuss the influence of turbulence strength, link distance, and different MIMO configurations on the system ASE. Numerical and co

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Arum, Steve Chukwuebuka, David Grace, and Paul Daniel Mitchell. "Delivering Extended Cellular Coverage and Capacity Using High-Altitude Platforms." Electronics 11, no. 9 (2022): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091508.

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Interest in delivering cellular communication using a high-altitude platform (HAP) is increasing partly due to its wide coverage capability. In this paper, we formulate analytical expressions for estimating the area of a HAP beam footprint, average per-user capacity per cell, average spectral efficiency (SE) and average area spectral efficiency (ASE), which are relevant for radio network planning, especially within the context of HAP extended contiguous cellular coverage and capacity. To understand the practical implications, we propose an enhanced and validated recursive HAP antenna beam-poin

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3

Ai, Duong Huu. "Average Channel Capacity of Amplify-and-forward MIMO/FSO Systems Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4334–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4334-4342.

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In amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel, when the direct link between source and destination terminals is deeply faded, the signal from the source terminal to the destination terminal propagates through the relay terminals, each of which relays a signal received from the previous terminal to the next terminal in series. This paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) AF free-space optical (FSO) systems. The AF-MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account t

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4

Cui, Qimei, Hengguo Song, Hui Wang, Mikko Valkama, and Alexis A. Dowhuszko. "Capacity Analysis of Joint Transmission CoMP With Adaptive Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 2 (2016): 1876–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2564106.

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Joint transmission (JT)-based Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) systems achieve high performance gains by allowing full coordination among multiple cells, transforming unwanted intercell interference into useful signal power. In this paper, we present an analytical model to perform adaptive modulation for a typical JT CoMP system, consisting of three transmission points, under a target bit error rate (BER) constraint. Probability density functions of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) are derived for different JT CoMP schemes, and based on them, closed-form expressions for the aver

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5

Ai, Duong Huu. "Average Channel Capacity of Amplify-and-forward MIMO/FSO Systems Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4334. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4334-4342.

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In amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel, when the direct link between source and destination terminals is deeply faded, the signal from the source terminal to the destination terminal propagates through the relay terminals, each of which relays a signal received from the previous terminal to the next terminal in series. This paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) AF free-space optical (FSO) systems. The AF-MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account t

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6

Deng, Zhuochen, Lingfeng Chen, Xuemeng Wei, and Xusheng Zhang. "Evaluation of Average Quantum Efficiency of Industrial Digital Camera." Sensors 25, no. 3 (2025): 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030899.

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Quantum efficiency (QE) is a critical metric for assessing the performance of industrial digital cameras. The current EMVA1288 standard relies on monochromatic light for QE measurements. Comprehensive QE tests across the visible spectrum often involve elaborate setups and extensive data acquisition. Additionally, such tests may not fully capture camera performance under broadband illumination, which is frequently encountered in industrial applications. This study introduces the concept of average quantum efficiency (AQE) using white light sources and proposes a novel testing method. Systematic

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7

Huu, Ai Duong, Loi Nguyen Van, and Ty Luong Khanh. "Misalignment fading effects on the ACC performance of relayassisted MIMO/FSO systems over atmospheric turbulence channels." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 966–73. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp966-973.

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The continuous development of internet of things (IoT) technology enables many devices to be interconnected through the external environment. Meanwhile, 5G technology provides an enhanced quality of services with high data transmission rates, requiring IoT implementation in the 5G architecture. Free-space optical communication (FSO) is considered a promising technique that can provide high-speed communication links, so FSO is an optimal choice for wireless networks to fulfill the full potential of 5G technology, providing speeds of 100 Gb/s or more. By implementing 5G features in IoT, IoT cove

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Duong, Huu Ai, Van Loi Nguyen, and Khanh Ty Luong. "Misalignment fading effects on the ACC performance of relay-assisted MIMO/FSO systems over atmospheric turbulence channels." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp966-973.

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<span>The continuous development of internet of things (IoT) technology enables many devices to be interconnected through the external environment. Meanwhile, 5G technology provides an enhanced quality of services with high data transmission rates, requiring IoT implementation in the 5G architecture. Free-space optical communication (FSO) is considered a promising technique that can provide high-speed communication links, so FSO is an optimal choice for wireless networks to fulfill the full potential of 5G technology, providing speeds of 100 Gb/s or more. By implementing 5G features in I

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9

Almudhaf, Fahad, Ramya Rajajagadeesan Aroul, and J. Andrew Hansz. "ARE MARKETS ADAPTIVE? EVIDENCE OF PREDICTABILITY AND MARKET EFFICIENCY OF LODGING/RESORT REITS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, no. 2 (2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.11547.

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We investigate the degree of return predictability of lodging/resort real estate investment trusts (REITs) from January 1994 to May 2016. We test the Martingale hypothesis by using linear (automatic portmanteau and automatic variance ratio with rolling windows) and nonlinear tests (generalized spectral shape tests and Dominguez-Lobato consistent tests). Our findings support the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) and reveal that returns experience periods of both dependence and independence. We document time-varying predictability of lodging/resort REITs with returns as both initially predictable

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10

Giardino, Nicholas D., Robb W. Glenny, Soo Borson, and Leighton Chan. "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange in healthy humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 5 (2003): H1585—H1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00893.2002.

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be associated with improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange by matching ventilation to perfusion within each respiratory cycle. Respiration rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation (V˙e), exhaled carbon dioxide (V˙co 2), oxygen consumption (V˙o 2), and heart rate were measured in 10 healthy human volunteers during paced breathing to test the hypothesis that RSA contributes to pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. Cross-spectral analysis of heart rate and respiration was computed to calculate RSA and the coherence and phase between these variables. Pulmona

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11

Xiang, Lanhua, Hongbin Chen, and Feng Zhao. "Area Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff in Ultradense Heterogeneous Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4390197.

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In order to meet the demand of explosive data traffic, ultradense base station (BS) deployment in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) as a key technique in 5G has been proposed. However, with the increment of BSs, the total energy consumption will also increase. So, the energy efficiency (EE) has become a focal point in ultradense HetNets. In this paper, we take the area spectral efficiency (ASE) into consideration and focus on the tradeoff between the ASE and EE in an ultradense HetNet. The distributions of BSs in the two-tier ultradense HetNet are modeled by two independent Poisson point proces

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12

Martynov, Ilya D., Anastasia V. Yamshchikova, Arnold N. Fleishman, and Stanislav A. Petrovskiy. "Efficiency of the transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of occupational polyneuropathy." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 4 (2023): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-4-351-355.

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Introduction. In occupational polyneuropathies, along with sensory and autonomic disorders, excessive sensory input can lead to the development of excitation foci in various parts of the central nervous system, clinical significance of which is currently insufficiently studied. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the clinical effects of the transcranial magnetic stimulation in the dorsolateral zone of the prefrontal cortex in mine workers with occupational polyneuropathy.  Materials and methods. There were examined thirty six workers of coal mining enterprises of Kuzbass wit

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13

Palit, Biswaraj, and Santanu Mondal. "Broadband X-Ray Spectral Analysis of the ULX NGC 1313 X-1 Using JeTCAF: Origin of the ULX Bubble." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 135, no. 1047 (2023): 054101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/accf35.

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Abstract NGC 1313 X-1 is a mysterious ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source whose X-ray-powering mechanism and bubble-like structure surrounding the source are topics of intense study. Here, we perform an X-ray spectroscopic study of the source using joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations taken during 2012–2017. The combined spectra cover the energy band 0.3–20 keV. We use the accretion–ejection-based JeTCAF model for spectral analysis. The model-fitted disk mass accretion rate varies from 4.6 to 9.6 M ̇ Edd and the halo mass accretion rate varies from 4.0 to 6.1 M ̇ Edd with a dynamic Comptonizi

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14

Liu, Yi, Yiding Li, Xiaopeng Ji, and Baolong Li. "High-Resolution Dimmable Augmented Spectral-Efficiency Discrete Multi-Tone Architecture Based on Hybrid Pulse-Width Modulation in Visible-Light Communications." Sensors 25, no. 8 (2025): 2385. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082385.

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Dimming control is an indispensable functionality for visible-light communication (VLC) that enables both illumination and data transmission. However, how to achieve both high-resolution dimming control and spectral-efficient communication is still an open problem. Therefore, a novel high-resolution dimmable augmented spectral-efficiency discrete multi-tone (HD-ASE-DMT) architecture is proposed in this paper. To address the limitation of low dimming resolution in a conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme, a hybrid PWM mechanism was first designed by combining the inter-symbol and intr

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15

Dong, Peng. "Compensating power depletion due to stimulated Raman scattering in high-power delivery fiber via spectral inversion revisited in a view of experimental implementation." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 14, no. 1 (2018): 5268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v14i1.7157.

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Broadband spectral inversion was proved theoretically to be an effective method to compensate power depletion due to stimulated Raman scattering in high-power delivery fiber. A critical difficulty in implementing the method in experiment is to realize broadband spectral inversion of incoherent light as Raman Stokes waves are incoherent due to their origin from spontaneous emission noise. Broadband spectral inversion of incoherent light is investigated experimentally in this article. A beam from an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source is used as an approximated Raman Stokes waves i

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16

Passerotti, Michelle S., Thomas E. Helser, Irina M. Benson, et al. "Age estimation of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) using FT-NIR spectroscopy: feasibility of application to production ageing for management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 6 (2020): 2144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa131.

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Abstract Recent application of Fourier transform near infra-red spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) to predict age in fish otoliths has gained attention among fisheries managers as a potential alternative to costly production ageing of managed species. We assessed the age prediction capability of FT-NIRS scans in whole otoliths from red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, collected from the US Gulf of Mexico and US Atlantic Ocean (South Atlantic). Otoliths were scanned with an FT-NIR spectrometer and resulting spectral signatures were regressed with traditionally estimated ages via partial least squares regress

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17

Harris, Nicholas, Nina Oryshkewych, Daniel Buysse, Sarah Pedersen, Meredith Wallace, and Brant Hasler. "0282 Associations Between EEG Sleep Characteristics and Alcohol Use Behaviors in Young Adults." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A121—A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0282.

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Abstract Introduction Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by sleep disturbances, but differentiating the effects of acute alcohol exposure, withdrawal, and chronic consumption remains an unsolved problem. This study takes a unique approach to examine proximate alcohol consumption effects on sleep electroencephalography (EEG) in young adults who engage in heavy episodic drinking. We aim to relate sleep physiology to progression from binge drinking towards AUD. Methods Young adults aged 21-30 years (N=88) who report weekly binge drinking (4+/5+ drinks per occasion for female/male assigne

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Borkowski, Kazimierz J., Stephen P. Reynolds, David A. Green, and Robert Petre. "Brightening and Fading in the Youngest Galactic Supernova Remnant G1.9+0.3: 13 Years of Monitoring with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory." Astrophysical Journal 973, no. 2 (2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad65fb.

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Abstract We report 13 years of Chandra monitoring of the youngest Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3, the only remnant known to be increasing in brightness. We confirm the spatially integrated rate of flux increase of (1.2 ± 0.2)% yr−1 (1–7 keV), but find large spatial variations, from −3% yr−1 to +7% yr−1, over length scales as small as 10″ or smaller. We observe relatively little change in spectral slope, though one region shows significant hardening as it brightens by 1% yr−1. Such rates of change can be accommodated by any of several explanations, including steady blast-wave evolution, ex

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19

Guo, Jia, Hao Zhang, Wenbin Lin, and Wei Xu. "Optimization of Erbium-Doped Fiber to Improve Temperature Stability and Efficiency of ASE Sources." Photonics 12, no. 2 (2025): 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020115.

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The ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) light source, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF), is a broadband light source with advantages such as high power, excellent temperature stability, and low coherent light generation. It is widely used in the field of fiber optic sensing. However, traditional ASE sources suffer from temperature sensitivity and low efficiency, which can compromise the accuracy and stability of the output light’s average wavelength. This study focuses on optimizing the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to improve the temperature stability and efficiency of the ASE light source. Throu

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20

Luo, Biao, Ye Kuang, Shan Huang, et al. "Parameterizations of size distribution and refractive index of biomass burning organic aerosol with black carbon content." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 18 (2022): 12401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022.

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Abstract. Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) impacts significantly on climate directly through scattering and absorbing solar radiation and indirectly through acting as cloud condensation nuclei. However, fundamental parameters in the simulation of BBOA radiative effects and cloud activities such as size distribution and refractive index remain poorly parameterized in models. In this study, biomass burning events with high combustion efficiency characterized by a high black carbon (BC) to BBOA ratio (0.22 on average) were frequently observed during autumn in the Pearl River Delta region, C

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Mascarenhas, Fernando Júnior Resende, Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes Dias, André Luis Christoforo, et al. "Analysis of the treatability, water repellency efficiency, and dimensional stability of maritime pine after microwave drying." BioResources 19, no. 3 (2024): 4292–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.4292-4312.

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The impregnability of Portuguese maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) subjected to microwave (MW) drying was tested, and the hydrophobicity, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), and water repellence efficiency (WRE) were evaluated. Small wood heartwood samples of Portuguese maritime pine and two distinct MW treatment settings were employed. The levels of ASE and WRE of the wood elements were evaluated throughout four cycles of drying in an oven and soaking in water. Because of MW applied energy, the wood pine samples were satisfactorily impregnated with the preservative product. Regarding the absolu

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Jawak, Shridhar D., Sagar F. Wankhede, Alvarinho J. Luis, and Keshava Balakrishna. "Impact of Image-Processing Routines on Mapping Glacier Surface Facies from Svalbard and the Himalayas Using Pixel-Based Methods." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061414.

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Glacier surface facies are valuable indicators of changes experienced by a glacial system. The interplay of accumulation and ablation facies, followed by intermixing with dust and debris, as well as the local climate, all induce observable and mappable changes on the supraglacial terrain. In the absence or lag of continuous field monitoring, remote sensing observations become vital for maintaining a constant supply of measurable data. However, remote satellite observations suffer from atmospheric effects, resolution disparity, and use of a multitude of mapping methods. Efficient image-processi

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23

Zhang, Hao, Yanqin Ren, Jie Wei, et al. "Optimization of the Efficient Extraction of Organic Components in Atmospheric Particulate Matter by Accelerated Solvent Extraction Technique and Its Application." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (2022): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050818.

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Organic components in atmospheric fine particulate matter have attracted much attention and several scientific studies have been performed, although most of the sample extraction methods are time consuming and laborious. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a new sample extraction method offering number of advantages, such as low extraction cost, reduced solvent and time consumption, and simplified extraction protocols. In order to optimize ASE methods to determine the concentrations of organic compounds in atmospheric fine particulate matter, different parameters were set out for the exper

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Kamaruddin, Nuraqila Alini, Azwan Mahmud, Mohamad Yusoff Bin Alias, Azlan Abd Aziz, and Syamsuri Yaakob. "Performance Evaluation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface against Distributed Antenna System at the Cell Edge." Electronics 11, no. 15 (2022): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152376.

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In small spaces in which typical cell towers cannot be constructed, distributed antenna systems (DASs) are the preferable approach for increasing network coverage, as they are a superior solution for congested, high-volume areas. However, due to their high cost and complexity in backhaul routing, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising solution to overcome the major drawbacks of DAS systems while improving network coverage. Thus, this work investigated a correlation of execution in an RIS-aided system cell framework and DAS-aided system cell framework where a simple and prec

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Agrawal, Lalita, Atul Bhardwaj, Dinesh Ganotra, and Hari Babu Srivastava. "Estimation and Management of Performance Limiting Factors in the Development of 1 kW Peak Power Pulsed Fiber MOPA at 1550 nm." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16203.

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   An all-fiber three-stage master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), based on Erbium and Erbium-Ytterbium co-doped fibers, has been designed and developed. The performance of such a laser is primarily limited by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), Yb bottlenecking, and non-linear effects. Other important factors, that need to be considered towards performance improvement, are fiber bend diameter and heat generated in the fiber. This paper describes the methodology for the estimation and management of these limiting factors for each amplifier stage. The work presented here

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Acuña, José, and Iñigo Cuiñas. "Average spectral efficiency of multi-modulation cellular systems." IET Communications 7, no. 2 (2013): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0895.

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Fensch, Jérémy, Pierre-Alain Duc, Médéric Boquien, et al. "Massive star cluster formation and evolution in tidal dwarf galaxies." Astronomy & Astrophysics 628 (August 2019): A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834403.

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Context. The formation of globular clusters remains an open debate. Dwarf starburst galaxies are efficient at forming young massive clusters with similar masses as globular clusters and may hold the key to understanding their formation. Aims. We study star cluster formation in a tidal debris, including the vicinity of three tidal dwarf galaxies, in a massive gas-dominated collisional ring around NGC 5291. These dwarfs have physical parameters that differ significantly from local starbursting dwarfs. They are gas rich, highly turbulent, their gas metallicity is already enriched up to half solar

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AlSalhi, Mohamad S., Saradh Prasad, Mamduh J. Aljaafreh, and Ahmad H. S. Othman. "Broadband Frequency-Tunable Whispering-Gallery-Mode Superradiant Light from Quantum Dots in Colloidal Solution." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (June 5, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3754307.

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We examine superradiant (SR) light or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser comprising various sized (CdSe) ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in colloidal liquid. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 40 nm is observed when the colloidal QD system is pumped with 2 mJ of laser light at 355 nm (3rd harmonic of Nd:YAG laser). Under optimal conditions of pump energy and focusing, ASE at 520 nm with a bandwidth of Δλ=8 nm (FWHM) and divergence of 9 mrad is observed. When the QDs are embedded on a high-Q factor silica microsphere

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Ameen, Araz, and Salah Radhi. "Optimum Base Station Antenna Tilt Angle for Inter-Cell Interference Limited Mobile Cellular System." Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 3 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1696884748.

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This paper investigates the effect of base station (BS) antenna tilt angle on the performance of LTE-Advanced physical layer downlink channel in Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) limited scenario for five cell ranges, two carrier frequencies, and two BS antenna heights. The cellular system is deployed following the 3GPP hexagonal grid with a frequency reuse factor of one and three sectors per site. An urban based 3D ray-tracing tool is used to model the wireless channel for many BS and user equipment (UE) links. System performance is evaluated in terms of Signal power to Interference plus Noise po

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Bandopadhaya, Shuvabrata, Soumya Ranjan Samal, and Vladimir Poulkov. "Machine Learning Enabled Performance Prediction Model for Massive-MIMO HetNet System." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030800.

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To support upcoming novel applications, fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks are being propelled to deploy an ultra-dense network with an ultra-high spectral efficiency using the combination of heterogeneous network (HetNet) solutions and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). As the deployment of massive MIMO HetNet systems involves a high capital expenditure, network service providers need a precise performance analysis before investment. The performance of such networks is limited because of presence of inter-cell and inter-tier interferences. The conventional

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Sosins, Guntis, Juris Grinins, Prans Brazdausks, and Janis Zicans. "Aspen Wood Characteristics Following Thermal Modification in Closed Process Under Pressure in Nitrogen." Materials 17, no. 23 (2024): 5930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235930.

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Using a pilot-scale chamber with an interior capacity of 340 L, European aspen (Populus tremula) wood boards were thermally modified (TM) under pressure in nitrogen at a maximum temperature of 160–170 °C, for 60–180 min, and with an initial nitrogen pressure of 4–5 bar. After the TM process, aspen wood was characterised by dimensional changes, mass loss (ML), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), antiswelling efficiency (ASE), cell wall total water capacity (CWTWC), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and Brinell hardness (BH). This work offers fresh insights into the characte

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Li, Wanju, Minghui Liu, Hankun Wang, and Yan Yu. "Fabrication of highly stable and durable furfurylated wood materials. Part I: process optimization." Holzforschung 74, no. 12 (2020): 1135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0286.

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AbstractIn order to improve dimensional stability and durability of wood, furfurylation of poplar and Chinese fir wood using newly developed furfuryl alcohol (FA) formulation combined with a common vacuum and pressure impregnation process was studied. An orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the furfurylation process for the two wood species. The weight percent gain (WPG), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), as well as resistance to mold, decay fungi, and termites were evaluated. The results showed

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Hu, Langtao, and Chaowei Yuan. "Beamforming and Interference Cancellation in D2D Random Network." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/607563.

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Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is an important proximity communication technology. We model the hybrid network of cellular and D2D communication with stochastic geometry theory. In the network, cellular base stations are deployed with multiantennas. Two transmission strategies including beamforming and interference cancellation are proposed to boost system achievable rate in this paper. We derive analytical success probability and rate expression in these strategies. In interference cancellation strategy, we propose the partical BS transmission degrees of freedom (dofs) that can be used

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Maybrier, Hannah, Brendan Lucey, David Holtzman, and Denise Head. "0326 Influence of Sleep and Cardiovascular Health on Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (2022): A147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.324.

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Abstract Introduction High and low sleep duration have been associated with reduced executive function (EF) and episodic memory (EM). However, causal pathways have not been identified. Cardiovascular health may contribute to the relationship between sleep and cognitive aging. Sleep disturbance has been associated with increased hypertension and heart disease in older adults, and cerebrovascular insufficiency has been consistently linked with cognitive decline. Therefore, the mediating and moderating effects of cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) on the relationship between sleep duration and lon

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Sun, Yuan, Danyang Hong, Dong Liu, and Jinyu Lei. "Chaotic Phase Modulation Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum-Assisted Adaptive Serial Cancellation List Decoding Method for Underwater Acoustic Communication." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 6 (2024): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060948.

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Addressing the challenges of high decoding latency, reduced spectral efficiency, and substantial storage requirements in a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)Aided Successive Cancellation List (CA-SCL) polar decoder, this paper proposes a chaotic phase modulation direct-sequence spread spectrum (CPMDSSS)-assisted adaptive serial cancellation list decoding method for underwater acoustic communication. The method involves segmenting the information bits to be transmitted, computing CRC for each segment, and mapping all CRCs to a CPMDSSS, which is then modulated onto the pilot subcarriers of underwater

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Guan, Biao, Fengping Yan, Wenguo Han, et al. "High-Power, Narrow-Linewidth, Continuous-Wave, Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on MOPA." Photonics 10, no. 4 (2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040347.

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A high-power, narrow-linewidth, continuous-wave, thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) based on a master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) was experimentally demonstrated. The main oscillator (seed source) yielded 0.64 W of narrow-linewidth laser output at a central wavelength of 1940.32 nm and a 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 0.05 nm. The output narrow-linewidth laser from the main oscillator was amplified by two-stage, cladding-pumped, thulium-doped, all-fiber amplifiers. The main amplifier yielded 26 W of narrow-linewidth laser at a central wavelength of 1940.33 nm. The slope efficiency of the main

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Padarthi, Krishna Kishore, Venkata Tarun Mantripragadi, Nitish Panchakshari, and Dr M. V. Nageswara Rao. "Spectral Efficiency Improvement Techniques in OFDM and UFMC." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42172.

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Abstract: This article describes about to analyse the spectral efficiency of different modulation techniques in OFDM and UFMC. UFMC is a multi-carrier modulation technique in fifth generation network (5G). In this paper, we review the different modulation techniques in 5G technology and motivate the need of UFMC technique in 5G wireless communication. In 4G OFDM modulation technique, some drawbacks like side band leakages, high Peak to Average Power ratio (PAPR) and spectrum utilization degrades the performance of the system. Another multi carrier technique called Filter Bank Multi carrier (FB

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Albadarn, Saleh M. "The Effect of Pilot Reuse Factor on Massive MIMO Spectral Efficiency." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 3 (2023): 10703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5605.

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Due to their much increased spatial resolution and array gain, large-scale antenna arrays have the potential to significantly enhance the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. Recent research in the area of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas shows that user channels are enhanced as the number of antennas at the Base Stations (BSs) rises, allowing achieving high signal improvement with minimum inter-user interference. The combined effects of the pilot reuse factor and the BS number of antennas on average overall spectral efficiency in huge MIMO antennas will be investigat

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Airout, Rula Mustafa, Sari Sulaiman Malahim, and Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib. "Executing Financial Markets Analysis on Prominent Markets: A Case Study of (ASE) Amman Stock Exchange for Islamic Banks Shares in Jordan." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 9 (2023): e02456. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i9.2456.

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Purpose: This research purpose is to test the efficiency of Islamic banks’ shares in the Amman stock exchange (ASE) at the levels of the financial markets efficiency hypothesis, especially of the weak level, by implementing and executing the random walk theory on stock and shares prices and returns of Islamic banks in Amman stock exchange (2018-2022). Theoretical Framework: Through financial analysis of a well-known market, we investigate the effectiveness of the Amman Stock Exchange for Islamic banks' share prices when they are in a weak state. The results of this study will inform financial

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Lei, Jiaqi, Hongbin Chen, and Feng Zhao. "Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Downlink Spectral and Energy Efficiency in Ultradense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1684128.

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The energy efficiency (EE) is a key metric of ultradense heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Earlier works on the EE analysis of ultradense HCNs by using the stochastic geometry tool only focused on the impact of the base station density ratio and ignored the function of different tiers. In this paper, a two-tier ultradense HCN with small-cell base stations (SBSs) and user equipments (UEs) densely deployed in a traditional macrocell network is considered. Firstly, the performance of the ultradense HCN in terms of the association probability, average link spectral efficiency (SE), average d

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Altubaishi, Essam Saleh. "Effect of controlling maximum-SNR-based relay selection strategy in cooperative wireless communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp335-341.

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<span>Relay selection strategy under maximum-signal-to-noise ratio (MAX-SNR) criterion was proven to maximize performance but at the expense of losing fairness among the cooperative relays. In this work, the effect of controlling the MAX-SNR criterion on the spectral efficiency of cooperative wireless communication system with adaptive modulation is investigated. Specifically, the probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end SNR for the considered system is derived when the controlled selection criterion is considered. Base on that PDF, the average spectral efficiency is then der

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Altubaishi., Essam Saleh. "Effect of controlling maximum-SNR-based relay selection strategy in cooperative wireless communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2021): 335–41. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp335-341.

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Relay selection strategy under maximum-signal-to-noise ratio (MAX-SNR) criterion was proven to maximize performance but at the expense of losing fairness among the cooperative relays. In this work, the effect of controlling the MAX-SNR criterion on the spectral efficiency of cooperative wireless communication system with adaptive modulation is investigated. Specifically, the probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end SNR for the considered system is derived when the controlled selection criterion is considered. Base on that PDF, the average spectral efficiency is then derived and inv

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Saha, Rony Kumer. "Realization of Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing Using eICIC in Indoor Small Cells for High Spectral and Energy Efficiencies of 5G Networks." Energies 12, no. 14 (2019): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142828.

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In this paper, we show how to realize numerous spectrum licensing policies by means of time-domain enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) technique to share both the licensed and unlicensed spectrums with small cells in order to address the increasing demand of capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of future mobile networks. Small cells are deployed only in 3-dimensional (3D) buildings within a macrocell coverage of a mobile network operator (MNO). We exploit the external wall penetration loss of each building to realize traditional dedicated access, co-primary sh

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Liu, Yuechen, Chao Feng, Siyu Dong, Jingyuan Zhu, Zhanshan Wang, and Xinbin Cheng. "Pixelated Filter Array for On-Chip Polarized Spectral Detection." Nanomaterials 13, no. 19 (2023): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13192624.

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On-chip multi-dimensional detection systems integrating pixelated polarization and spectral filter arrays are the latest trend in optical detection instruments, showing broad application potential for diagnostic medical imaging and remote sensing. However, thin-film or microstructure-based filter arrays typically have a trade-off between the detection dimension, optical efficiency, and spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate novel on-chip integrated polarization spectral detection filter arrays consisting of metasurfaces and multilayer films. The metasurfaces with two nanopillars in one supe

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Wang, Li, Long Yang, Junjie Liu, and Pei Wang. "Study on Spectral Radiative Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Windowed Receiver with Particle Curtain." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102801.

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In this paper, a windowed receiver with a particle curtain is numerically simulated under full-spectrum conditions. The discrete phase model (DPM) is used to model the particle flow and interactions between the particle phase and the air phase. The scattering, absorption of the particle curtain and quartz glass window are considered in detail. The spectral characteristics of glass have an important influence on the heat transfer characteristics and the receiver efficiency. The results show that the quartz window can reduce the convective heat loss and the cavity re-radiation heat loss. Under t

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Chihi, Houda, Ghazanfar Ali Safdar, and Mohammed Bahja. "Improved Spectral Efficiency and Connectivity in RSMA based 5G V2X Systems." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 6 (2022): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i6.3143.

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Vehicle to everything (V2X) faces several challenges including high data rate, low latency and stable connectivity requirements. Due to increased number of connected vehicles, Interference too appears to be a serious issue in V2X systems. Consequently, careful selection of multiple access techniques can lead to improved interference mitigation together with higher spectral efficiency and data rate. Vehicle mobility with growing traffic density is a demanding task that affects probability of vehicle connectivity, thereby resulting into requirement of sustained vehicle linkage for ongoing traffi

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Mariam, Hira, Irfan Ahmed, Sundus Ali, Muhammad Imran Aslam, and Ikram Ur Rehman. "Performance of Millimeter Wave Dense Cellular Network Using Stretched Exponential Path Loss Model." Electronics 11, no. 24 (2022): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244226.

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Future wireless networks are expected to be dense and employ a higher frequency spectrum such as millimeter wave (mmwave) to support higher data rates. In a dense urban environment, the presence of obstructions causes the transmissions between the user equipment and base stations to transit from line-of-sight (LOS) to non-LOS (NLOS). This transit hence emphasizes the significance of NLOS links for reliable mmwave communication. The work presented in this paper investigates the downlink performance of a mmwave cellular system by modeling the NLOS channel using stretched exponential path loss mo

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Maharazu, Mamman, Zurina Mohd Hanapi, and Mohamed A. Alrashah. "Energy and Spectral Efficiency Balancing Algorithm for Energy Saving in LTE Downlinks." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020211.

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In wireless network communication environments, Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) are among the major indicators used for evaluating network performance. However, given the high demand for data rate services and the exponential growth of energy consumption, SE and EE continue to elicit increasing attention in academia and industries. Consequently, a study of the trade-off between these metrics is imperative. In contrast with existing works, this study proposes an efficient SE and EE trade-off algorithm for saving energy in downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks to concur

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Fitriyani, Amril, and Antik Estika Hader. "PENGEMBANGAN E –LKPD BERBASIS APLIKASI QUIZIZ PADA MUATAN IPA MATERI EKOSISTEM DI KELAS V SD NEGERI 149/VIII MUARA TEBO KABUPATEN TEBO." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang 9, no. 3 (2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i3.1534.

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This research is motivated by the low scor in Natural science of students and the previous use of thematic books es a learning media, especially in the subjet Ecosystem, therefore, there is a need for an improvent in the learning process to anhance student’s learning outcomes by using a teaching media the can make student’s active and interactive during the learning proscess. This research adopts the ADDIE model. The ADDIE model consists of five stages of Developmen: Analyze, Desing, Development, Implementation, and evaluation. The first stage is the Analyze stage, where the need for developme

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Top, Ayşe Mehlika, Asena Soyluk, and İdil Ayçam. "Analytical Study on Reducing the Heating Effects of Daylight and Improving Natural Lighting Performance at Erzincan Train Station in the Context of Climate Change." Journal of Daylighting 11, no. 2 (2024): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2024.19.

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Climate change is an environmental issue that is rapidly escalating due to the effects of global warming. The increase in carbon emissions, along with various human activities such as industrial processes, land use changes, and the reckless consumption of natural resources, are among the primary causes of global warming. Various architectural interventions are being implemented in historical buildings to mitigate the impact of global warming and its consequence, climate change. The study aims to protect the historical building from the harmful effects of climate change by reducing the heating

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