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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Bacteria-protozoa interactions”

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Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 11 lutego 2022

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1

COX, F. E. G. "Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses." Parasitology 122, S1 (March 2001): S23—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200001698x.

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Concomitant infections are common in nature and often involve parasites. A number of examples of the interactions between protozoa and viruses, protozoa and bacteria, protozoa and other protozoa, protozoa and helminths, helminths and viruses, helminths and bacteria, and helminths and other helminths are described. In mixed infections the burden of one or both the infectious agents may be increased, one or both may be suppressed or one may be increased and the other suppressed. It is now possible to explain many of these interactions in terms of the effects parasites have on the immune system,
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Gomes, Marta T., Angela H. Lopes, and José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes. "Possible Roles of Ectophosphatases in Host-Parasite Interactions." Journal of Parasitology Research 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/479146.

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The interaction and survival of pathogens in hostile environments and in confrontation with host immune responses are important mechanisms for the establishment of infection. Ectophosphatases are enzymes localized at the plasma membrane of cells, and their active sites face the external medium rather than the cytoplasm. Once activated, these enzymes are able to hydrolyze phosphorylated substrates in the extracellular milieu. Several studies demonstrated the presence of surface-located ecto-phosphatases in a vast number of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Little is
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INGHAM, E. R., C. CAMBARDELLA, and D. C. COLEMAN. "MANIPULATION OF BACTERIA, FUNGI AND PROTOZOA BY BIOCIDES IN LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST SOIL MICROCOSMS: EFFECTS ON ORGANISM INTERACTIONS AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-028.

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Biocides were applied singly and in combination to determine their effect on target and nontarget microorganisms in mineral soil from a lodgepole pine forest and to determine microbial interaction effects on N mineralization. Soil was sterilized and reinoculated with field populations of bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Streptomycin (a bactericide), fungizone (a saprophytic fungicide), chloroform (reduces protozoa and a portion of the bacteria and fungi), a combination of cygon (an acaricide), carbofuran (an insecticide-nematicide) and chloroform and a combination of streptomycin and fungizone we
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Gourabathini, Poornima, Maria T. Brandl, Katherine S. Redding, John H. Gunderson, and Sharon G. Berk. "Interactions between Food-Borne Pathogens and Protozoa Isolated from Lettuce and Spinach." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 29, 2008): 2518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02709-07.

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ABSTRACT The survival of Salmonella enterica was recently shown to increase when the bacteria were sequestered in expelled food vacuoles (vesicles) of Tetrahymena. Because fresh produce is increasingly linked to outbreaks of enteric illness, the present investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa on spinach and lettuce and to examine their interactions with S. enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. Glaucoma sp., Colpoda steinii, and Acanthamoeba palestinensis were cultured from store-bought spinach and lettuce and used in our study. A strain of Tetrahym
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5

Clarholm, Marianne. "Interactions of bacteria, protozoa and plants leading to mineralization of soil nitrogen." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17, no. 2 (January 1985): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90113-0.

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Yan, Ling, Ronald L. Cerny, and Jeffrey D. Cirillo. "Evidence that hsp90 Is Involved in the Altered Interactions of Acanthamoeba castellanii Variants with Bacteria." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.3.567-578.2004.

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ABSTRACT There are many similarities between the interactions of environmental protozoa with pathogenic bacterial species and those observed in mammalian macrophages. Since single-celled protozoa predate mammalian hosts, it is likely that interactions in environmental biofilms have selected for many of the bacterial virulence mechanisms responsible for human disease. In order to better understand bacterial-phagocyte interactions, we developed a selection for Acanthamoeba castellanii variants that are more resistant to killing by bacterial pathogens. We identified four amoebal clones that displ
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7

Pinto, Ameet J., and Nancy G. Love. "Bioreactor Function under Perturbation Scenarios Is Affected by Interactions between Bacteria and Protozoa." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 14 (July 6, 2012): 7558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301220f.

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Newbold, C. J., P. W. Griffin, and R. J. Wallace. "Interactions between rumen bacteria and ciliate protozoa in their attachment to barley straw." Letters in Applied Microbiology 8, no. 2 (February 1989): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1989.tb00224.x.

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Yu, Jiangkun, Liyuan Cai, Jiacai Zhang, Ao Yang, Yanan Wang, Lei Zhang, Le Luo Guan, and Desheng Qi. "Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081160.

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This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane product
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10

Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel, and Jose Lopez-Ribot. "Candida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4 (November 3, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4040122.

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The human oral cavity is normally colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, Archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Within the different oral microenvironments these organisms are often found as part of highly organized microbial communities termed biofilms, which display consortial behavior. Formation and maintenance of these biofilms are highly dependent on the direct interactions between the different members of the microbiota, as well as on the released factors that influence the surrounding microbial populations. These complex biofilm dynamics influence oral health a
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11

Monteil, Caroline L., Nicolas Menguy, Sandra Prévéral, Alan Warren, David Pignol, and Christopher T. Lefèvre. "Accumulation and Dissolution of Magnetite Crystals in a Magnetically Responsive Ciliate." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84, no. 8 (February 9, 2018): e02865-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02865-17.

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ABSTRACTMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) represent a group of microorganisms that are widespread in aquatic habitats and thrive at oxic-anoxic interfaces. They are able to scavenge high concentrations of iron thanks to the biomineralization of magnetic crystals in their unique organelles, the so-called magnetosome chains. Although their biodiversity has been intensively studied, their ecology and impact on iron cycling remain largely unexplored. Predation by protozoa was suggested as one of the ecological processes that could be involved in the release of iron back into the ecosystem. Magnetic pro
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12

Rutherford, P. M., and N. G. Juma. "Performance of a simulation model describing protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial C and N in a sandy loam." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-021.

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Mathematical modelling of a microcosm experiment provided a rigorous link between soil organism populations and the processes in the C and N cycles for a clay loam soil. In order to check the internal consistency of the model, we tested its performance with the data set obtained for a sandy loam. We empirically lowered the value of the half saturation constant for the protozoan consumption of bacteria from 175 to 50 (μg C g−1 soil) and initialized the state variables with the appropriate values. The model was also used to quantify the effect of texture on bacterial-protozoan interactions and f
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13

Rabee, Alaa Emara, Robert Forster, Chijioke Elekwachi, Ebrahim Sabra, and Mebarek Lamara. "Comparative analysis of the metabolically active microbial communities in the rumen of dromedary camels under different feeding systems using total rRNA sequencing." PeerJ 8 (October 29, 2020): e10184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10184.

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Breakdown of plant biomass in rumen depends on interactions between bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa; however, the majority of studies of the microbiome of ruminants, including the few studies of the rumen of camels, only studied one of these microbial groups. In this study, we applied total rRNA sequencing to identify active microbial communities in 22 solid and liquid rumen samples from 11 camels. These camels were reared at three stations that use different feeding systems: clover, hay and wheat straw (G1), fresh clover (G2), and wheat straw (G3). Bacteria dominated the libraries of s
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14

Álvarez, Belén, María M. López, and Elena G. Biosca. "Influence of Native Microbiota on Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype II in River Water Microcosms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 22 (September 14, 2007): 7210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00960-07.

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ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II biovar 2 causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous hosts, producing severe economic losses worldwide. Waterways can be major dissemination routes of this pathogen, which is able to survive for long periods in sterilized water. However, little is known about its survival in natural water when other microorganisms, such as bacteriophages, other bacteria, and protozoa, are present. This study looks into the fate of a Spanish strain of R. solanacearum inoculated in water microcosms from a Spanish river, containing different microbiota fractions, at 24°C and
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15

Liddell, Keith, Vladimir Krivtsov, Harry Staines, Ann Brendler, Adam Garside, and Bryan Griffiths. "A study of population numbers and ecological interactions of soil and forest floor microfauna." Animal Biology 57, no. 4 (2007): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075607782232189.

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AbstractMicroinvertebrate abundance was measured, together with forest soil properties and litter components in eight plots dominated by beech and birch during May to August 2001. The results were analysed using ANOVA, stepwise regression and correlation analysis. Both protozoa and nematodes were analysed according to their functional groups. The protozoa were flagellates, ciliates and naked amoebae, and the nematodes were microbial and plant feeding nematodes. Moisture levels were between 28% and 33% in soil, and 50% to 70% in litter. Population numbers were very variable between sites and da
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16

Torcato, Inês M., Miguel A. R. B. Castanho, and Sónia T. Henriques. "The Application of Biophysical Techniques to Study Antimicrobial Peptides." Spectroscopy: An International Journal 27 (2012): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/460702.

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The increasing bacteria resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to the need for alternative therapies. Being part of the human innate defence system and with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and cancer cells, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a very promising alternative. The mechanism of action of AMPs seems to broadly correlate with their ability to target the bacterial cell membrane. To understand and improve their effect, it is of major importance to unravel their mechanism of action and, in particular, to understand the peptide-membrane binding. Sev
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17

Escalante, Nichole K., Paul Lemire, Mayra Cruz Tleugabulova, David Prescott, Arthur Mortha, Catherine J. Streutker, Stephen E. Girardin, Dana J. Philpott, and Thierry Mallevaey. "The common mouse protozoa Tritrichomonas muris alters mucosal T cell homeostasis and colitis susceptibility." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 13 (November 11, 2016): 2841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20161776.

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The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse community of microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and viruses. Through coevolution, mammals and these microbes have developed a symbiosis that is sustained through the host’s continuous sensing of microbial factors and the generation of a tolerant or pro-inflammatory response. While analyzing T cell–driven colitis in nonlittermate mouse strains, we serendipitously identified that a nongenetic transmissible factor dramatically increased disease susceptibility. We identified the protozoan Tritrichomonas muris as the disease
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18

Lee, S. S., J. K. Ha, and K. J. Cheng. "Relative Contributions of Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi to In Vitro Degradation of Orchard Grass Cell Walls and Their Interactions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 3807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.3807-3813.2000.

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ABSTRACT To assess the relative contributions of microbial groups (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) in rumen fluids to the overall process of plant cell wall digestion in the rumen, representatives of these groups were selected by physical and chemical treatments of whole rumen fluid and used to construct an artificial rumen ecosystem. Physical treatments involved homogenization, centrifugation, filtration, and heat sterilization. Chemical treatments involved the addition of antibiotics and various chemicals to rumen fluid. To evaluate the potential activity and relative contribution to degradat
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19

Lee, KE, and CE Pankhurst. "Soil organisms and sustainable productivity." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920855.

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The soil is a habitat for a vast, complex and interactive community of soil organisms whose activities largely determine the chemical and physical properties of the soil. In a fertile soil the soil biota may have a biomass exceeding 20 t ha-1, with life forms ranging from microscopic bacteria to the largest of earthworms which may be 1 m in length. Only a small fraction, probably <20%, of the soil microflora and microfauna (including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, nematodes, collembola, acari) have been described. The role of soil organisms in the development and maintenance of soil stru
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20

Kodio, Aly, Estelle Menu, and Stéphane Ranque. "Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiota Interactions." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122018.

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The nature of the relationship between the communities of microorganisms making up the microbiota in and on a host body has been increasingly explored in recent years. Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, parasites and fungi, have often long co-evolved with their hosts. In human, the structure and diversity of microbiota vary according to the host’s immunity, diet, environment, age, physiological and metabolic status, medical practices (e.g., antibiotic treatment), climate, season and host genetics. The recent advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enhanced ob
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21

Halsey, Jennifer L. "Current Approaches to the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infections: Focus on Nitazoxanide." Clinical Medicine. Therapeutics 1 (January 2009): CMT.S2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s2297.

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Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum agent active against several protozoa, helminths, and bacteria, including C. difficile and H. pylori. It is available as an oral tablet and suspension, both with adequate bioavailability. Nitazoxanide is associated with minimal side effects, has an acceptable safety profile, and has been classified as a pregnancy category B agent. It is 99% protein bound, which could result in drug interactions. It is the preferred agent for the treatment of Cryptospordiosis and Giardiasis in immunocompetent patients and has shown promise for the treatment of rotavirus, mild to
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Shimeta, Jeff, and Perran L. M. Cook. "Testing assumptions of the eukaryotic inhibitor method for investigating interactions between aquatic protozoa and bacteria, applied to marine sediment." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 9, no. 7 (July 2011): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2011.9.288.

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Mampel, Jörg, Thomas Spirig, Stefan S. Weber, Janus A. J. Haagensen, Søren Molin, and Hubert Hilbi. "Planktonic Replication Is Essential for Biofilm Formation by Legionella pneumophila in a Complex Medium under Static and Dynamic Flow Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (April 2006): 2885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2885-2895.2006.

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ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila persists for a long time in aquatic habitats, where the bacteria associate with biofilms and replicate within protozoan predators. While L. pneumophila serves as a paradigm for intracellular growth within protozoa, it is less clear whether the bacteria form or replicate within biofilms in the absence of protozoa. In this study, we analyzed surface adherence of and biofilm formation by L. pneumophila in a rich medium that supported axenic replication. Biofilm formation by the virulent L. pneumophila strain JR32 and by clinical and environmental isolates was analy
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24

Belén-Chaar, Florencia, Jimena Pía-Fernández, Lucas-R. Sepúlveda, and Tamara Rubilar. "The influence of density on survival and larval development in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.1 (March 23, 2021): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46365.

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Introduction: Density is one of the critical factors in echinoderm larvae for aquaculture purposes. Echinoplutei larvae are very sensitive to overcrowding. High culture density can lead to problems with bacteria or protozoa, decreasing survival and generating abnormal morphotypes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of culture density on survival and larval growth in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii. Methods: Two days after fertilization of A. dufresnii we we kept treatments at 1, 3, 5 and 10 larvae.ml-1, with three replicates each. We recorded survival and abnormal morphotypes periodically, as
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Rico, D. E., S. H. Preston, J. M. Risser, and K. J. Harvatine. "Rapid changes in key ruminal microbial populations during the induction of and recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001865.

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The ruminant provides a powerful model for understanding the temporal dynamics of gastrointestinal microbial communities. Diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in the dairy cow is caused by rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids, and is commonly attributed to the changes in the microbial population. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes occurring in nine ruminal bacterial taxa with well-characterised functions, and abundance of total fungi, ciliate protozoa and bacteria during the induction of and recovery from MFD. Interactions between treatment and time were observed for te
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BUZA, Victoria, Maria Catalina MATEI, and Laura Cristina STEFANUT. "Intestinal Ecosystem: Interaction and Coexistence Between “Parasitome” and Microbial Communities." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 77, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0032.

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The vertebrate gut has been continuously populated with complex and dynamic microbial and eukaryotic communities, that over millions of years have coevolved both spatially and temporally (Kreisinger et al., 2015). Due to the prolonged coexistence, intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths) and resident microbiota have developed the ability to influence one another by several mechanisms: 1) produce changes at the level of intestinal mucus and epithelial barrier, 2) alter the host immune response or 3) direct interaction (Leung et al., 2018). The uncontrolled use of anthelmintics can lead to
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Tisserant, Constance, and Arne Weiberg. "Extracellular vesicles in plant host-microbe interaction." How cells communicate - an introduction to extracellular vesicles 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47184/tev.2019.01.07.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted lipid bilayer membrane particles that are increasingly drawing attention due to their potential role in intercellular communication. EVs have been mainly reported in mammalian systems, but are also found in non-mammalian classes, such as Archeae, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, invertebrates and plants. Over the last decade, EV research on mammalian systems has been massively advanced driven by the interests and applications of the biomedical field, while research on non-mammalian EVs that aims to understand the biological origins and functions o
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Burzyńska, Patrycja, Łukasz F. Sobala, Krzysztof Mikołajczyk, Marlena Jodłowska, and Ewa Jaśkiewicz. "Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060831.

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Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about animal disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) in which Sias play a role in infection biology. While Sias may promote binding of, e.g., influenza viruses
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Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Patricia Xander, Karen Spadari Ferreira, and Wagner Luiz Batista. "Alternative Host Models for Testing Anti-Protozoal or Antifungal Compounds and Fungal Infection." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180412154519.

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The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are caused by several parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses and affect more than one billion people in the world. The control and prevention against NTDs need implementation of alternative methods for testing new compounds against these diseases. For the implementation of alternative methods, it is necessary to apply the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs) for the use of laboratory animals. Accordingly, the present review addressed a variety of alternative models to study the infections caused by protozoa and fungi. Overall, ver
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Mazalovska, Milena, and J. Calvin Kouokam. "Lectins as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Potential Coinfections." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3750646.

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Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global health problem. Current therapeutics specifically target the viral pathogen at various stages of its life cycle, although complex interactions between HIV and other pathogenic organisms are evident. Targeting HIV and concomitant infectious pathogens simultaneously, both by therapeutic regimens and in prevention strategies, would help contain the AIDS pandemic. Lectins, a ubiquitous group of proteins that specifically bind glycosylated molecules, are interesting compounds that could be used for this purp
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Kgopa, Pholosho Mmmateko, Phatu William Mashela, and Alen Manyevere. "Microbial Quality of Treated Wastewater and Borehole Water Used for Irrigation in a Semi-Arid Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168861.

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The current study investigated the distribution of microbial populations and diversity in treated wastewater used for irrigation at the University of Limpopo Experimental Farm (ULEF), from different stages of post treatment disposal at Mankweng Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was arranged in a 4 × 5 factorial experiment, which studied the interactive effects of four collection points and five months of sampling, with borehole water used as a reference point. Water samples were analyzed for bacteria, helminths, and protozoa. All data were transform
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FENTON, ANDY. "Dances with worms: the ecological and evolutionary impacts of deworming on coinfecting pathogens." Parasitology 140, no. 9 (May 29, 2013): 1119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013000590.

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SUMMARYParasitic helminths are ubiquitous in most host, including human, populations. Helminths often alter the likelihood of infection and disease progression of coinfecting microparasitic pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa), and there is great interest in incorporating deworming into control programmes for many major diseases (e.g. HIV, tuberculosis, malaria). However, such calls are controversial; studies show the consequences of deworming for the severity and spread of pathogens to be highly variable. Hence, the benefits of deworming, although clear for reducing the morbidity due to he
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Jousset, Alexandre, Laur�ne Rochat, Stefan Scheu, Michael Bonkowski, and Christoph Keel. "Predator-Prey Chemical Warfare Determines the Expression of Biocontrol Genes by Rhizosphere-Associated Pseudomonas fluorescens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 15 (June 4, 2010): 5263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02941-09.

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ABSTRACT Soil bacteria are heavily consumed by protozoan predators, and many bacteria have evolved defense strategies such as the production of toxic exometabolites. However, the production of toxins is energetically costly and therefore is likely to be adjusted according to the predation risk to balance the costs and benefits of predator defense. We investigated the response of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 to a common predator, the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. We monitored the effect of the exposure to predator cues or direct contact with the predators
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Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro, Adnan Hodžić, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Marinela Contreras та José de la Fuente. "Tick–human interactions: from allergic klendusity to the α-Gal syndrome". Biochemical Journal 478, № 9 (14 травня 2021): 1783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200915.

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Ticks and the pathogens they transmit, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths, constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. The ability of some animal species to acquire resistance to blood-feeding by ticks after a single or repeated infestation is known as acquired tick resistance (ATR). This resistance has been associated to tick-specific IgE response, the generation of skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells, basophil recruitment, histamine release, and epidermal hyperplasia. ATR has also been associated with protection to tick-borne tularemia through allergic
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Allegra, Alessandro, Caterina Musolino, Alessandro Tonacci, Giovanni Pioggia, and Sebastiano Gangemi. "Interactions between the MicroRNAs and Microbiota in Cancer Development: Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities." Cancers 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040805.

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The human microbiota is made up of the fungi, bacteria, protozoa and viruses cohabiting within the human body. An altered microbiota can provoke diseases such as cancer. The mechanisms by which a modified microbiota can intervene in the onset and progression of neoplastic diseases are manifold. For instance, these include the effects on the immune system and the onset of obesity. A different mechanism seems to be constituted by the continuous and bidirectional relationships existing between microbiota and miRNAs. MiRNAs emerged as a novel group of small endogenous non-coding RNAs from that con
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Bjørnlund, Lisa, Flemming Ekelund, Søren Christensen, Carsten Suhr Jacobsen, Paul Henning Krogh, and Kaare Johnsen. "Interactions between saprotrophic fungi, bacteria and protozoa on decomposing wheat roots in soil influenced by the fungicide fenpropimorph (Corbel®): a field study." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32, no. 7 (July 2000): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00005-5.

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Nuttall, P. A. "Displaced tick-parasite interactions at the host interface." Parasitology 116, S1 (1998): S65—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200008495x.

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SummaryReciprocal interactions of parasites transmitted by blood-sucking arthropod vectors have been studied primarily at the parasite–host and parasite–vector interface. The third component of this parasite triangle, the vector–host interface, has been largely ignored. Now there is growing realization that reciprocal interactions between arthropod vectors and their vertebrate hosts play a pivotal role in the survival of arthropod-borne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. The vector–host interface is the site where the haematophagous arthropod feeds. To obtain a blood meal, the vector must overco
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Rutherford, P. M., and N. G. Juma. "Simulation of protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial carbon and nitrogen." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-020.

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Modelling in soil ecological research is a means of linking the dynamics of microbial and faunal populations to soil processes. The objectives of this study were (i) to simulate bacterial-protozoan interactions and flows of C and N in clay loam Orthic Black Chernozemic soil under laboratory condtions; and (ii) to quantify the flux of C and N (inputs and outputs) through various pools using the simulation model. The unique features of this model are: (i) it combines the food chain with specific soil C and N pools, and (ii) it simultaneously traces the flows of C, 14C, N and 15N. It was possible
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Weber, Roy E., and Serge N. Vinogradov. "Nonvertebrate Hemoglobins: Functions and Molecular Adaptations." Physiological Reviews 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 569–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.569.

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Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs and crustaceans, and the giant annelid and vestimentiferan Hbs comprised of globin and nonglobin subunits. Chimeric hemoglobins have been found recently in bacteria and fungi. Hb occurs intracellularly in specific tissues and in circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and freely dissolv
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Aluthge, Nirosh D., Dana M. Van Sambeek, Erin E. Carney-Hinkle, Yanshuo S. Li, Samodha C. Fernando, and Thomas E. Burkey. "BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 9 (June 28, 2019): 3741–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz208.

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Abstract A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped sci
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Wiciński, Michał, Ewelina Sawicka, Jakub Gębalski, Karol Kubiak, and Bartosz Malinowski. "Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Health Benefits, Potential Applications in Infant Formulas, and Pharmacology." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010266.

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The first months of life are a special time for the health development and protection of infants. Breastfeeding is the natural and best way of feeding an infant, and positively influences their development and health. Breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients for the infant and contains countless bioactive ingredients such as immunoglobulins, hormones, oligosaccharides and others. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a very important and interesting constituent of human milk, and are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids. They are a structurally and biolo
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Korajkic, Asja, Pauline Wanjugi, and Valerie J. Harwood. "Indigenous Microbiota and Habitat Influence Escherichia coli Survival More than Sunlight in Simulated Aquatic Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (June 28, 2013): 5329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01362-13.

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ABSTRACTThe reported fate ofEscherichia coliin the environment ranges from extended persistence to rapid decline. Incomplete understanding of factors that influence survival hinders risk assessment and modeling of the fate of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogens. FIB persistence in subtropical aquatic environments was explored in outdoor mesocosms inoculated with fiveE. colistrains. The manipulated environmental factors were (i) presence or absence of indigenous microbiota (attained by natural, disinfected, and cycloheximide treatments), (ii) freshwater versus seawater, and (iii) water
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Lane, Nick. "The unseen world: reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) ‘Concerning little animals’." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1666 (April 19, 2015): 20140344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0344.

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Leeuwenhoek's 1677 paper, the famous ‘letter on the protozoa’, gives the first detailed description of protists and bacteria living in a range of environments. The colloquial, diaristic style conceals the workings of a startlingly original experimental mind. Later scientists could not match the resolution and clarity of Leeuwenhoek's microscopes, so his discoveries were doubted or even dismissed over the following centuries, limiting their direct influence on the history of biology; but work in the twentieth century confirmed Leeuwenhoek's discovery of bacterial cells, with a resolution of les
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Sciuto, Emanuele Luigi, Pasqualina Laganà, Simona Filice, Silvia Scalese, Sebania Libertino, Domenico Corso, Giuseppina Faro, and Maria Anna Coniglio. "Environmental Management of Legionella in Domestic Water Systems: Consolidated and Innovative Approaches for Disinfection Methods and Risk Assessment." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030577.

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Legionella is able to remain in water as free-living planktonic bacteria or to grow within biofilms that adhere to the pipes. It is also able to enter amoebas or to switch into a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state, which contributes to its resistance to harsh conditions and hinders its detection in water. Factors regulating Legionella growth, such as environmental conditions, type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, presence of protozoa, spatial location of microorganisms, metal plumbing components, and associated corrosion products are important for Legionella
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Tartaglia, Maria, Felipe Bastida, Rosaria Sciarrillo, and Carmine Guarino. "Soil Metaproteomics for the Study of the Relationships Between Microorganisms and Plants: A Review of Extraction Protocols and Ecological Insights." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 8455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228455.

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Soil is a complex matrix where biotic and abiotic components establish a still unclear network involving bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, protozoa, and roots that are in constant communication with each other. Understanding these interactions has recently focused on metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and less on metaproteomics studies. Metaproteomic allows total extraction of intracellular and extracellular proteins from soil samples, providing a complete picture of the physiological and functional state of the “soil community”. The advancement of high-performance mass spectrometry technolog
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Griffiths, Emily C., Amy B. Pedersen, Andy Fenton, and Owen L. Petchey. "Analysis of a summary network of co-infection in humans reveals that parasites interact most via shared resources." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1782 (May 7, 2014): 20132286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2286.

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Simultaneous infection by multiple parasite species (viruses, bacteria, helminths, protozoa or fungi) is commonplace. Most reports show co-infected humans to have worse health than those with single infections. However, we have little understanding of how co-infecting parasites interact within human hosts. We used data from over 300 published studies to construct a network that offers the first broad indications of how groups of co-infecting parasites tend to interact. The network had three levels comprising parasites, the resources they consume and the immune responses they elicit, connected
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Shah, K. K., S. Tripathi, I. Tiwari, J. Shrestha, B. Modi, N. Paudel, and B. D. Das. "Role of soil microbes in sustainable crop production and soil health: A review." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, Volume 13, Issue 2 (June 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.02.019.

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Abstract. Global food production needs to be increased in order to feed the world’s growing population and at the same time, the reliance on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides should be minimized. To accomplish this goal, the various beneficial associations between plants and soil microorganisms should be explored. The soil microbes are bacteria, actinomycetes, viruses, fungi, nematode, and protozoa. They have an important soil function that has fulfilled several useful tasks in the soil system. Microbes support biological nitrogen fixation of different biological transformations that suppor
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FENTON, ANDY. "Editorial: Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases." Parasitology 143, no. 7 (March 30, 2016): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000214.

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The field of disease ecology – the study of the spread and impact of parasites and pathogens within their host populations and communities – has a long history of using mathematical models. Dating back over 100 years, researchers have used mathematics to describe the spread of disease-causing agents, understand the relationship between host density and transmission and plan control strategies. The use of mathematical modelling in disease ecology exploded in the late 1970s and early 1980s through the work of Anderson and May (Anderson and May, 1978, 1981, 1992; May and Anderson, 1978), who deve
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Drago-Serrano, Maria Elisa, Rafael Campos-Rodriguez, Julio Cesar Carrero, and Mireya de la Garza. "Lactoferrin and Peptide-derivatives: Antimicrobial Agents with Potential Use in Nonspecific Immunity Modulation." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 10 (May 28, 2018): 1067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180327155929.

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Lactoferrin (Lf) is a conserved cationic non-heme glycoprotein that is part of the innate immune defense system of mammals. Lf is present in colostrum, milk and mucosal sites, and it is also produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and secreted at infection sites. Lf and Lf N-terminus peptide-derivatives named lactoferricins (Lfcins) are molecules with microbiostatic and microbicidal action in a wide array of pathogens. In addition, they display regulatory properties on components of nonspecific immunity, including toll-like receptors, proand anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen s
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Iebba, Valerio, Floriana Santangelo, Valentina Totino, Fabrizio Pantanella, Anatole Monsia, Veronica Di Cristanziano, David Di Cave, Serena Schippa, Federica Berrilli, and Rossella D'Alfonso. "Gut microbiota related to Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba spp. and Blastocystis hominis infections in humans from Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2016): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8179.

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Introduction: Literature data provide little information about protozoa infections and gut microbiota compositional shifts in humans. This preliminary study aimed to describe the fecal bacterial community composition of people from Côte d’Ivoire harboring Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba spp., and Blastocystis hominis, in trying to discover possible alterations in their fecal microbiota structure related to the presence of such parasites. Methodology: Twenty fecal samples were collected from people inhabiting three different localities of Côte d’Ivoire for copromicroscopic analysis and molecular
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