Artykuły w czasopismach: „Baryum ion”

1

Costantini, J. M., F. Brisard, A. Meftah, M. Toulemonde i F. Studer. "Damage of M-type baryum hexaferrites induced by GeV-heavy ion irradiations". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 106, nr 1-4 (grudzień 1995): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00771-7.

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Costantini, J. M., F. Brisard, A. Meftah, M. Toulemonde i F. Studer. "Erratum to: “Damage of M-type baryum hexaferrites induced by GeV-heavy ion irradiations“ [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 106 (1995) 567–572]". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 114, nr 3-4 (lipiec 1996): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(96)80074-7.

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Yang, Bei, Xiang Zhang, Xin Ge Shi, Jia Neng Guo, Qi Wei Wang, Ge Gao, Xin Liu, Jin Zhi Lin i Hai Bo Jin. "Study in Kinetics of Barium Sulfate Crystallization Process of Oilfield Injection". Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (czerwiec 2014): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.757.

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With conductivity measurement in different concentrations of barium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride solution, their concentration-conductivity equation is obtained. Through mathematical conversion, the relation between sulfuric acid root ion in the solution, barium ion conductivity and the concentration is showed as: X=4.1744×10-6Y-6.8544×10-5,which is used to reflect the undissolved salt barium sulfate crystallization in the solution. Conductivity online measuring device is established, which can Intermittently test barium chloride, sodium sulfate solution of different concentrations, and detect the change of electrical conductivity in the process of crystallization of homogeneous barium sulfate in real-time. the different stages of crystallization process is determined by analysis of the conductivity curve. Through data processing to concert concentration into conductivity, so that the kinetic equation of barium sulfate crystallization process are obtained.

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Hekmt, Wasan Abd Alsatar. "Preparation and study the structure of pure and impure barium titanate with Mg2+ ion". Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, nr 37 (11.09.2018): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i37.89.

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Pure and doped barium titanate with Mg2+ ion at two molar ratios x= (5%, 10%) mol. has been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The powders sintered at two temperatures (1000 °C and 1400 °C). An XRD technique was used in order to study the crystal structure of pure and doped barium titanate, which confirmed the formation of the tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, and then calculate the lattice parameters of pure and doped barium titanate, the addition of magnesium ion Mg2+ can lead to decreases lattice parameters.

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Hekmt, Wasan Abd Alsatar. "Preparation and study the structure of pure and impure barium titanate with Mg2+ ion". Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, nr 37 (11.12.2018): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i37.91.

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Pure and doped barium titanate with Mg2+ ion at two molar ratios x= (5%, 10%) mol. has been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The powders sintered at two temperatures (1000 °C and 1400 °C). An XRD technique was used in order to study the crystal structure of pure and doped barium titanate, which confirmed the formation of the tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, and then calculate the lattice parameters of pure and doped barium titanate, the addition of magnesium ion Mg2+ can lead to decreases lattice parameters.

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Zuo, Cheng Gang, An Xian Lu, Li Gang Zhu i Wo Yun Long. "Luminescence of Ce ³⁺ or Tb ^3⁺ in Lithium-Barium-Gadolinium-Aluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Glasses". Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (maj 2011): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.468.

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Ce3+ or Tb3+ ions activated lithium-barium-gadolinium-aluminosilicate oxyfluoride glasses have been prepared. The transmission, emission and excitation spectra were measured. It has been found that those Ce3+ or Tb3+-doped lithium-barium-gadolinium-aluminosilicate oxyfluoride glasses exhibit good UV-excited luminescence. Energy transfer process from Gd3+ ion to Ce3+ or Tb3+ ion is indicated.

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Yum, Dahyun, Debashis De Munshi, Tarun Dutta i Manas Mukherjee. "Optical barium ion qubit". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 34, nr 8 (19.07.2017): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.34.001632.

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Nazarenko, Alexander Y. "Crystal structure of strontium and barium acesulafame (6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1,2,3-oxathiazin-3-ide 2,2-dioxide)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, nr 5 (24.04.2018): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018006059.

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Both strontium and barium acesulfames, namely poly[aquabis(μ3-6-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1,2λ6,3-oxathiazin-4-olato)strontium(II)], [Sr(C4H4NO4S)2(H2O)]n, and the barium(II) analogue, [Ba(C4H4NO4S)2(H2O)]n, crystallize in nearly identical isotypic forms, with barium–oxygen interatomic distances being longer due to the larger ionic radius of the barium(II) ion. The coordination number of the metal ion is 9; the coordination polyhedra can be described as distorted capped square antiprisms [Johnson solidJ10; Johnson (1966).Can. J. Math.18, 169–200]. The conformation of the acesulafame ions is a distorted envelope with an out-of-plane S atom. Metal and acesulfame ions are assembled into infinitive chains along the [100] axis. These chains are connectedviahydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

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Takeda, Shoichi, Satoshi Yasuda, Chikako Moriyoshi, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, Atsushi Honda, Noriyuki Inoue, Shin'ichi Higai i Akira Ando. "Substitution Effects of Gd and Mg on Cubic Structure of Barium Titanate". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099227.

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Barium titanate BaTiO3 is a ferroelectric oxide with low dielectric loss and high permittivity, which makes it a good insulator for industrial uses. However, the pure barium titanate is not always used for electronic devices. Gd- and Mg-doping in barium titanate is effective for the dielectrics in multilayer ceramic capacitors MLCCs, for example, to attain the uniform temperature-variation of dielectric constants in the wide temperature-range where MLCCs are practically used, while the Curie temperature is significantly decreased [1]. In this study, the structural characteristics of Gd- and Mg-substituted barium titanate (Ba,Gd)(Ti,Mg)O3 (BGTM) in the cubic phase were investigated to clarify the effects of Gd- and Mg-substitution on the crystal structure and the chemical bonding. Synchrotron radiation x-ray powder diffraction measurements were carried out using the BGTM samples with the Mg content of x = 0 ~ 0.1. Lattice parameters, substitution sites of the Gd and Mg ions, thermal parameters, and electron charge density distributions in the crystals were analyzed by using the maximum entropy method (MEM)/Rietveld method. The Curie temperature decreased with increasing x. The phase transition did not take place in BGTM with x > 0.05. The Gd ion was confirmed to be substituted for the Ba ion with larger thermal vibration amplitude than that of the Ba ion. The amplitude was almost independent of the Gd content. It was revealed that the Gd ion occupied the off-centered positions slightly form the Ba-site along the <100> directions at lower temperatures. Difference in thermal behaviors of the Gd and Ba ions can be attributed to the size difference between the smaller Gd ion and the larger Ba ion. The Mg ion was observed on the Ti-site. The substitution of the Mg ion for the Ti ion suppresses the ferroactivity of the Ti ion, which causes the lowering of the Curie temperature.

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NOMURA, TOSHIYUKI, TOSHIHIRO MORI i YASUHIRO KONISHI. "SHAPE AND SIZE CONTROL OF BARIUM COMPOUND NANOPARTICLES USING MICROEMULSION". International Journal of Nanoscience 06, nr 02 (kwiecień 2007): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x07004420.

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The shape and size control of barium compound nanoparticles (barium chromate, barium sulfate, barium carbonate) was examined using the water-in-oil microemulsion as nanometer-sized reaction medium. The barium compound nanoparticles were synthesized using the microemulsion formed by AOT as an anionic surfactant and iso-octane as an organic solvent. Chromate, sulfate, or carbonate-containing microemulsion solution and Ba(AOT) 2 reverse micelle solution were mixed. After a few days, the morphology of the product material was observed using TEM. Then, bundle of the nanowire, chain structure of the nanorod, superlattice structure of the nanodot, and dispersed nanodot were synthesized by changing material concentration and material molar ratio. It has been shown that the aspect ratio of the generated particles decreased with increase in the anionic ion concentration. In contrast, the aspect ratio did not change even if the barium ion concentration changed. The surfactant AOT has selectively adsorbed on the specific crystal faces and suppressed their crystal growth. And, the generated particles were self-organized by the hydrophobic interaction of hydrophobic group of the AOT molecule adsorbed onto the particle. In conclusion, it was clarified that the supersaturation ratio and the particle–surfactant interaction were important factors for controlling the shape and size of the inorganic nanoparticles.

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11

Dimowa, Louiza, Yana Tzvetanova, Ognyan Petrov, Iskra Piroeva i Filip Ublekov. "Powder XRD Structural Study of Ba2+ Modified Clinoptilolite at Different Stages of the Ion Exchange Process Conducted at Two Temperature Regimes—Room Temperature and 90 °C". Minerals 10, nr 11 (22.10.2020): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110938.

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Partial and almost complete barium exchange on clinoptilolite is performed and structurally studied for different durations (2 h, 24 h, 72 h, 168 h, 12 d, 22 d) at room temperature and 90 °C of the ion exchange process. Continuing ion exchange up to the 22nd day is proved by EDS analyses data and powder XRD (intensity changes of 020 and 200 peaks). Rietveld structure refinement was first performed on the maximum Ba exchanged clinoptilolite at 90 °C for 22 days (3.04 atoms per unit cell). Four barium positions and 9 H2O sites were refined. The split positions Ba2 and BaK (around M3 site in channel C) were found mostly occupied by 2.23 atoms per unit cell. The rest of refined samples showed different occupations of the positions of incoming Ba2+ and outgoing cations (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) during ion exchange, describing extra-framework cationic movements, which are released easily without preferable directions. The exchanges at 90 °C and room temperature were found proceeding similarly up to the 2nd hour, but then at room temperature the process is slowed and at 22nd day 1.64 barium atoms per unit cell are structurally refined.

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12

Granhed, Erik Jedvik, Anders Lindman, Carin Eklöf-Österberg, Maths Karlsson, Stewart F. Parker i Göran Wahnström. "Band vs. polaron: vibrational motion and chemical expansion of hydride ions as signatures for the electronic character in oxyhydride barium titanate". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, nr 27 (2019): 16211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00086k.

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Weißenstein, Annike, i Frank Würthner. "Metal ion templated self-assembly of crown ether functionalized perylene bisimide dyes". Chemical Communications 51, nr 16 (2015): 3415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09443c.

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14

Hayati, Rahmatil, Arif Budiman i Dwi Puryanti. "Karakterisasi Suseptibilitas Magnet Barium Ferit yang Disintesis dari Pasir Besi dan Barium Karbonat Menggunakan Metode Metalurgi Serbuk". Jurnal Fisika Unand 5, nr 2 (1.04.2016): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.5.2.187-192.2016.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang karakterisasi suseptibiltas magnet barium ferit yang disintesis dari pasir besi dan barium karbonat menggunakan metode metalurgi serbuk. Pasir besi diperoleh dari Sungai Sukam, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat. Magnet barium ferit dibuat dengan mencampurkan Fe2O3 hasil oksidasi magnetit pasir besi dan BaCO3. Kemudian campuran tersebut dikalsinasi pada suhu 1000 oC, lalu dikompaksi dan kemudian disintering pada temperatur 1000 oC. Karakterisasi magnet barium ferit dilakukan dengan mengukur suseptibilitas magnetik menggunakan Bartington MS2 Magnetic susceptibility meter. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai suseptibilitas yang diperoleh dari enam variasi persentase massa yaitu 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 dan 30% berturut-turut adalah 262,6×10-8, 438,0×10-8, 516,1×10-8, 549,9×10-8, 422,8×10-8dan 429,9×10-8 m3/kg. Dengan nilai suseptibilitas tertinggi pada persentase massa 20% sebesar 549,9×10-8 m3/kg. Tingginya nilai suseptibilitas dikarenakan ion Fe3+ yang seimbang pada komposisi barium ferit. Nilai suseptibilitas magnetik barium ferit naik dengan kenaikan persentase massa BaCO3 5 hingga 20%, dan menurun untuk persentase massa BaCO3 besar dari 20%.Kata kunci: barium ferit, barium karbonat, pasir besi, suseptibilitas

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15

Ogielska, Eva M., i Richard W. Aldrich. "A Mutation in S6 of Shaker Potassium Channels Decreases the K+ Affinity of an Ion Binding Site Revealing Ion–Ion Interactions in the Pore". Journal of General Physiology 112, nr 2 (1.08.1998): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.2.243.

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Under physiological conditions, potassium channels are extraordinarily selective for potassium over other ions. However, in the absence of potassium, certain potassium channels can conduct sodium. Sodium flux is blocked by the addition of low concentrations of potassium. Potassium affinity, and therefore the ability to block sodium current, varies among potassium channel subtypes (Korn, S.J., and S.R. Ikeda. 1995. Science. 269:410–412; Starkus, J.G., L. Kuschel, M.D. Rayner, and S.H. Heinemann. 1997. J. Gen. Physiol. 110:539–550). The Shaker potassium channel conducts sodium poorly in the presence of very low (micromolar) potassium due to its high potassium affinity (Starkus, J.G., L. Kuschel, M.D. Rayner, and S.H. Heinemann. 1997. J. Gen. Physiol. 110:539–550; Ogielska, E.M., and R.W. Aldrich. 1997. Biophys. J. 72:A233 [Abstr.]). We show that changing a single residue in S6, A463C, decreases the apparent internal potassium affinity of the Shaker channel pore from the micromolar to the millimolar range, as determined from the ability of potassium to block the sodium currents. Independent evidence that A463C decreases the apparent affinity of a binding site in the pore comes from a study of barium block of potassium currents. The A463C mutation decreases the internal barium affinity of the channel, as expected if barium blocks current by binding to a potassium site in the pore. The decrease in the apparent potassium affinity in A463C channels allows further study of possible ion interactions in the pore. Our results indicate that sodium and potassium can occupy the pore simultaneously and that multiple occupancy results in interactions between ions in the channel pore.

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Ikoma, Toshiyuki, Tomohiko Yoshioka, Satoshi Nakamura, Nobutaka Hanagata, Tetsuya Abe, Masataka Sakane, Naoyuki Ochiai i M. Tanaka. "Rigid Hydroxyapatite-Alginate Beads for Sustained Release of Paclitaxel". Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (listopad 2007): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.535.

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Rigid hydroxyapatite (HAp)-alginate beads were prepared as drug delivery carriers for an anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel (Taxol). Paclitaxel was loaded into the HAp microparticle in process of a spray-drying technique. The HAp-alginate beads including paclitaxel were obtained by a droplet method into barium solution as ionic cross-linkage and dehydration. Cross-sectional analyses indicated the homogeneity of HAp microparticles and barium ions inside the bead. The ratio of alginate to HAp in the beads dominated both mechanical and swelling properties. Drug-release experiment demonstrated the sustained release of paclitaxel from the beads cross-linked with barium ion for 7 days.

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Atun, Gülten, Binary G. Bilgin i Adel el Moustafa. "Isotopic Exchange Between Barium Oxalate and Barium Ion in Aqueous Solution". Spectroscopy Letters 23, nr 7 (sierpień 1990): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387019008054463.

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Tang, Shan Fa, Wei Zou, Yu Juan Xiong, Xue Yang i Lei Tian. "Research on the Scale Inhibition Performance of AA/MA/MAC Copolymer". Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (lipiec 2012): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.223.

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The terpolymer was synthesized by maleic anhydride (MA), acrylic acid (AA) and methyl acrylate (MAC) and the structure was also conformed. Its scale inhibition effect was also studied in high barium and strontium ion concentration aqueous medium and simulated formation water (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Si2+) condition. The results indicate that when additive amount of AA/MAC/MA is 60 mg/L, the inhibition rate is up to 100% and 80% for BaSO4 scale and SrSO4 scale respectively, but only 50% for calcium scale. And the scale inhibition rate moderately increases with the dosage increasing. The scale inhibition effect of AA/MAC/MA is also very obvious in simulated formation water containing low calcium ions (400 mg/L) and high barium ions (500 mg/L) as well as strontium ions (500 mg/L). It can satisfy the need of restraining composite scale (BaSO4 scale and SrSO4 scale as well as CaSO4 scale) in high calcium and barium strontium ion aqueous medium when compounded with calcium scale inhibitors CY and CX respectively.

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Itoh, Junichi, Hajime Haneda, Shunichi Hishita, Isao Sakaguchi, Naoki Ohashi, Dae-Chul Park i Isamu Yashima. "Diffusion and solubility of holmium ions in barium titanate ceramics". Journal of Materials Research 19, nr 12 (1.12.2004): 3512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0466.

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Ho ion solubility and diffusivity were evaluated in barium titanate ceramics in which Ho ions were implanted with an accelerating voltage of 500 keV. The depth profile of the ions was composed of three regions in the post-annealed sample: the first was the precipitation region, the second was a region created by lattice diffusion of Ho ions, and the third was a region created by grain-boundary diffusion. The Ho lattice diffusion characteristics were similar to those of Ni ion diffusion in barium titanate ceramics, and we concluded that the diffusion mechanism was the same as that responsible for Ni ions. The Ho ions diffused through the B-site (Ti-site) and were then exchanged with A-site ions. This mechanism suggests that a small number of Ho ions dissolved in the B-site. Preferential grain-boundary diffusion was also observed. The grain-boundary diffusion coefficients were four to five orders of magnitude larger than the volume diffusion coefficients. The solubility of Ho ions was estimated to be a few thousand parts per million in barium titanate ceramics.

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Nuraini, Umi, Lita Amalia, Kurniawati C. Rosyidah i M. Zainuri. "Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zn Doped Barium M-Hexaferrite". Advanced Materials Research 1112 (lipiec 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.19.

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Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) has been performed by co-precipitation method. The purified iron sand from Tulungagung is used as a precursor of Fe3O4. Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) with variations of x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt % has been calcined at temperatures of 1000°C for 5 hours. Ion Zn2+ (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 wt %) does not change the crystal structure of Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM), but give a slight displacement of the peak position of the diffraction pattern. SEM figures showed that Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) have a hexagonal structure, similar to BaM structure. Doping of Zn has changed the magnetic properties of Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM), from hard magnetic become soft magnetic. Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM) has a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.03734 T and 8.334 emu/g. At variation x = 0.3, the Remanence Magnetization (Mr) reaches the highest value. At this point, a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.0506 T and 14.782 emu/gram respectively.

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Sardjono, Priyo, i Wisnu Ari Adi. "Thermal Analysis and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanum Barium Manganite Perovskite". Advanced Materials Research 896 (luty 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.381.

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The lanthanum manganite is the family of magnetic materials which had the magnetic properties are varied depend on the composition. This study has been carried out synthesis and characterization of thermal and magnetic properties of the lanthanum barium manganite perovskite. The perovskite material is prepared by oxides, namely La2O3, BaCO3, and MnCO3. The mixture was milled for 10h and then sintered at temperature of 1000 °C for 10h. Thermal analysis and magnetic properties are measured by differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. Decomposition phase of MnCO3become MnO occurred at temperatures around 390 °C with releasing in CO2. Since lanthanum manganite has a stable ion configuration, magnetic properties of these systems are built from MnO phase transformation become α-Mn2O3is arrayed anti-ferromagnetic due to the presence of lanthanum in the system. And this anti-ferromagnetic behavior occurred due to magnetic interactions between Mn3+adjacent ions through super-exchange mechanism. While lanthanum barium manganite had a less stable ion configuration, therefore magnetic properties of these systems are built from phase transformation MnO become α-Mn3O4is arrayed ferromagnetic due to the presence of lanthanum and barium in this system. The presence of lanthanum and barium trigger in the emergence of mixed-valence Mn ions, so that occur to magnetic interaction between Mn3+and Mn4+through the double-exchange mechanism. We concluded that the characteristic of magnetic properties on the lanthanum barium manganite system perovskite is affected by thermal properties, fundamental properties of raw material and the result of reaction is formed.

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GOMAA, Esam A., Elsayed M. ABOU ELLEET, E. T. HELMY i Sh M. DEFRAWY. "SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLVATION OF BARIUUM DIPHENYLAMINESULFONATE IN ETHANOL-WATER MIXED SOLVENTS". SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 21, nr 21 (20.12.2013): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v21.n21.2013.31_revista2013.pdf.

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The aim of this study was to determine the thermodynamic functions, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy for the solution processes of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol+water) were calculated from solubility values obtained at temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 308.15 K. The respective thermodynamic, functions for mixing and solvation processes, as well as the activity coefficients for the solute were calculated. The solubility of solutes in mixed solvents depends primarily on the solvation of the solutes or their constituent ions by the components of the solvent mixtures. In this study, the solubility of this barium diphenyla1ninesuifonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol + water by value percent of ethanol= 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume), was determined at different temperature by the solvent evaporation method. The results enable us to estimate the value of thermodynamic solubility product, Kop(th), of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent. In addition, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy for the solution processes, and free energies of transfer of barium diphenyla1ninesulfonate units from water to the ethanol solutions were also calculated in order to estimate the contributions of solute-solvent interactions related to ion association are based on changes in the electrostatic properties of the solvent, solute, and ion salvation as itself as on the ionic strength of the medium.

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Khan, Mohammad MA, Anish Khan, Abdullah M. Asiri i VK Gupta. "Transport and surface charge density of univalent ion of polyvinyl chloride-based barium tungstate ion-exchange composite membrane for industrial separation of waste water". Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, nr 5 (sierpień 2018): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718791344.

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In the present study, a polyvinyl chloride-based barium tungstate ion-exchange membrane was synthesized by sol–gel method. The structure of membrane was studied in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms crystalline form of the composite membrane without any other impurity. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis show the uniform arrangement of particles in the membrane with crack-free surface structure and presence of different functional groups of the organic-inorganic materials. The electrochemical properties like surface charge density ( D), transport number and mobility ratio of the ion-exchange composite membrane were theoretically evaluated and compared with observed values using “Teorell, Meyers and Sievers” method. Transport number follows the order as KCl <NaCl < LiCl < NH4Cl, while the surface charge density showed reversed order. The results showed that the low concentration of electrolytes favors the high mobility of univalent cation in the present study. The above result proves the analytical utility of polyvinyl chloride-based barium tungstate ion-exchange membrane in environmental management.

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Baciocchi, R., i A. Chiavola. "Ion exchange process in the presence of high sulphate concentration: resin regeneration and spent brine reuse". Water Supply 6, nr 3 (1.07.2006): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.791.

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This paper provides new insights on the regeneration step of an ion exchange process for the treatment of surface and ground water characterized by high sulphate concentration. Repeated regeneration of ion exchange resin with a sodium chloride solution (brine) did not alter the resin performances with respect to the fresh one. Besides, neither the sodium chloride concentration of the brine, which was varied between 1 and 3 M, nor the presence of sulphates at concentrations up to 20 g/L in the brine, did notably affect the regeneration efficiency. The brine was effectively treated by adding calcium or barium chloride, in order to remove the sulphates and re-establish the original chloride concentration. Calcium chloride was allowed to obtain up to 70% sulphate precipitation, whereas an almost 100% precipitation efficiency was obtained when barium chloride was used. The precipitation step was described by a model based on the mass action, coupled to the Bromley model for the description of the non-ideal behaviour of the electrolytic solution. This model was shown to give correct, or at least conservative, estimates of the equilibrium sulphate concentration when either calcium or barium chloride was used as precipitating agent.

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Jiang, Youxing, i Roderick MacKinnon. "The Barium Site in a Potassium Channel by X-Ray Crystallography". Journal of General Physiology 115, nr 3 (14.02.2000): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.115.3.269.

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X-ray diffraction data were collected from frozen crystals (100°K) of the KcsA K+ channel equilibrated with solutions containing barium chloride. Difference electron density maps (Fbarium − Fnative, 5.0 Å resolution) show that Ba2+ resides at a single location within the selectivity filter. The Ba2+ blocking site corresponds to the internal aspect (adjacent to the central cavity) of the “inner ion” position where an alkali metal cation is found in the absence of the blocking Ba2+ ion. The location of Ba2+ with respect to Rb+ ions in the pore is in good agreement with the findings on the functional interaction of Ba2+ with K+ (and Rb+) in Ca2+-activated K+ channels (Neyton, J., and C. Miller. 1988. J. Gen. Physiol. 92:549–567). Taken together, these structural and functional data imply that at physiological ion concentrations a third ion may interact with two ions in the selectivity filter, perhaps by entering from one side and displacing an ion on the opposite side.

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ITOH, Jun-ichi, Isamu YASHIMA, Naoki OHASHI, Isao SAKAGUCHI, Hajime HANEDA i Junzo TANAKA. "Ni Ion Diffusion in Barium Titanate Perovskite." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 109, nr 1275 (2001): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.109.1275_955.

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Wickham, M., N. H. Lazar i N. Rynn. "Barium ion Zeeman and space potential diagnostic". Review of Scientific Instruments 56, nr 5 (maj 1985): 1033–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138259.

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Iyi, N., S. Takekawa i S. Kimura. "Ion-exchange reaction of barium β-alumina". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 59, nr 2 (wrzesień 1985): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(85)90325-1.

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Korula, Deepa Rebecca, Anuradha Chandramohan, Reetu John i Anu Eapen. "Barium Defecating Proctography and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Proctography: Their Role and Patient’s Perception". Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 11 (4.06.2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_56_2021.

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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the imaging findings and patient’s perception of barium defecating proctography and dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) proctography in patients with pelvic floor disorders. Material and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on patients with pelvic floor disorders who consented to undergo both barium proctography and dynamic MR proctography. Imaging findings of both the procedures were compared. Inter-observer agreement (IOA) for key imaging features was assessed. Patient’s perception of these procedures was assessed using a short questionnaire and a visual analog scale. Results: Forty patients (M: F =19:21) with a mean age of 43.65 years and range of 21–75 years were included for final analysis. Mean patient experience score was significantly better for MR imaging (MRI) (p < 0.001). However, patients perceived significantly higher difficulty in rectal evacuation during MRI studies (p = 0.003). While significantly higher number of rectoceles (p = 0.014) were diagnosed on MRI, a greater number of pelvic floor descent (p = 0.02) and intra-rectal intussusception (p = 0.011) were diagnosed on barium proctography. The IOA for barium proctography was substantial for identifying rectoceles, rectal prolapse and for determining M line, p < 0.001. There was excellent IOA for MRI interpretation of cystoceles, peritoneoceles, and uterine prolapse and substantial to excellent IOA for determining anal canal length and anorectal angle, p < 0.001. The mean study time for the barium and MRI study was 12 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Barium proctography was more sensitive than MRI for detecting pelvic floor descent and intrarectal intussusception. Although patients perceived better rectal emptying with barium proctography, the overall patient experience was better for dynamic MRI proctography.

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Widyastuti, Endah Kharismawati, M. Zainuri i Hosta Ardhyananta. "Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrite Produced by Sol Gel Auto Combustion for Radar Absorber Material (RAM) Application". Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (styczeń 2014): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.656.

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Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) with hexagonal structure has been known as the high performance magnetic for Radar Absorber Material (RAM). Barium hexaferrite (BaM) was synthesized by sol gel auto combustion to get an homogeneous nanoparticle of BaM. Barium hexaferrites obtained from solution mixture between barium nitrate and ferri nitrate nonahidrat with precipitation of ion barium (Ba2 +) and ferri (Fe3 +) by solution of sodium hydroxide. Sample prepared with mol ratio of Fe / Ba 11 then added ammoniac in order that pH varies become 7,5; 9; and 11. Citric acid added in order that happen process of combustion. The stirring time was varieties by 1, 2, 3 hours. The effect of pH, stirring time, microstructure, phase,and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the highest coercivity was 0.6 Tesla and the smallest crystal size 414.409 nm was obtained for pH 7.5 and stirring time 2 hours. The largest magnetic saturation 55.54 emu /g was reached for pH 7.5 with stirring time 1 hour

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Kelele, Kiflom Gebremedhn, Aschalew Tadesse, Tegene Desalegn, Suresh Ghotekar, Ruthramurthy Balachandran i Hanabe Chowdappa Ananda Murthy. "Synthesis and characterizations of metal ions doped barium strontium titanate (BST) nanomaterials for photocatalytic and electrical applications: A mini review". International Journal of Materials Research 112, nr 8 (1.08.2021): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8149.

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Abstract The ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba1-xSrxTiO3) is a homogeneous solid solution prepared from the mixture of barium titanate (BaTiO3), strontium titanate (SrTiO3) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide. Barium strontium titanate (BST) nanomaterials with improved permittivity and dielectric properties due to their nano-properties have attracted great interest for extensive and versatile applications as super capacitors, dielectrics, ceramics and catalysts. Introduction of metal ion dopants into the parent system of BST significantly alters its structural, morphological, electrical, optical and dielectric characteristics. This review is aimed at addressing synthesis, characterization methods, photocatalytic and electrical applications of metal ions doped BST nanomaterials. The effect of doping BST, through metal ions, on its properties and application with most probable reasons have been thoroughly discussed.

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Wang, Jian, i Yi Fan Zhang. "The Study of Divalent Metal Ion Catalysts on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resins". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (lipiec 2011): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.818.

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The curing characteristic of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins catalyzed with magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide was studied in this study.The effects of catalysts on chemical structure of phenol formaldehyde resin was investigated by fourier transform infrared.The results indicated that divalent metal ions catalysts played an important role influence both the cure rate and cure time.Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysed by diffierent catalysts showed diffierent addition of formaldehyde onto ortho positions of phenolic rings.The order of the divalent metal ions effectiveness studied in alkaline conditions is calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.

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33

Li, Dan, Bo Wang, Pei Gong, Jie Li i Xiang Hu Li. "Dielectric Relaxation Measurements in La_1.94Ba_0.06Mo₂_-_yW_yO₉_-_δ (y=0, 1.0) Oxide-Ion Conductors". Applied Mechanics and Materials 662 (październik 2014): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.662.20.

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The influence of barium doping on the oxygen-ion diffusion and phase transition in the La2Mo2-yWyO9-δ (y=0, 1.0) oxide-ion conductors has been systematically investigated via dielectric techniques. In the Ba-doped La2Mo2O9 samples there are only two dielectric relaxation peaks Pd1 and Pd2, which are associated with the short-distance diffusion of oxygen vacancies. But in the Ba-doped La2MoWO9 members, three peaks are detected, including peak Pd1, Pd2, and peak Ph. The last is associated with the phase transition process from the static disordered state to the dynamic disordered state of oxygen ion/vacancy distribution.

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Kondoh, A., i T. Oi. "Interaction of Alkaline Earth Metal Ions with Acetic and Lactic Acid in Aqueous Solutions Studied by 13C NMR Spectroscopy". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, nr 4 (1.04.1997): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-0410.

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Abstract Interaction of alkaline earth metal (magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium) ions with acetic and lactic acid in aqueous media was investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. In the acetate systems, signals whose chemical shifts were the averages of those of the free and bound acetate ions were observed. Downfield shifts of the carboxylate carbon signals with increasing metal ion concentration indicated that the acetate ion acted as a monodentate ligand coordinating to the metal ion using the carboxylate group. The metal ion concentration dependence of the peak positions of the methine and carboxylate carbon signals of the lactate ion in the lactate systems suggested that the lactate ion coordinated to a metal ion using the carboxylate and hydroxyl groups. Unique upfield shifts upon complexation in the magnesium lactate systems suggested that the lactate ion coordinated to the magnesium ion from outside the primary hydration sphere.The present results were consistent with the isotope effects of the alkaline earth metals observed in cation exchange chromatography.

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35

Becker, Alexssandro Geferson, Jamile Fabbrin Gonçalves, Jaderson dos Anjos Toledo, Marcelo D. M. Burns, Luciano de Oliveira Garcia, João Paes Vieira i Bernardo Baldisserotto. "Plasma ion levels of freshwater and marine/estuarine teleosts from Southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology 9, nr 4 (1.11.2011): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000039.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ levels in the plasma of freshwater and marine/estuarine teleosts collected at different salinities (0 to 34) from the estuarine and freshwater portions of the São Gonçalo channel in Southern Brazil. Any relationship between plasma ion levels and salinity and the capacity of ionic regulation of teleosts found at three or more different salinities (Genidens barbus and Micropogonias furnieri) was also investigated. Results showed no relationship between plasma ion levels and salinity when considering all species together, but the two species collected from three or more different salinities showed a significant positive relationship between plasma ion levels and salinity, indicating that G. barbus and M. furnieri have a high capacity to regulate plasma ion levels at both low and high salinities.

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36

Al Kalbani, Mandhr, Hatem Al Shabibi, Oleg Ishkov, Duarte Silva, Eric Mackay, Salima Baraka-Lokmane i Pierre Pedenaud. "Impact of Relaxation of Low-Sulfate Seawater Parameters on Scaling Risk". SPE Production & Operations 36, nr 03 (24.03.2021): 760–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200695-pa.

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Summary Injection of low-sulfate seawater (LSSW) instead of untreated full-sulfate seawater (FSSW) is widely used to mitigate barium sulfate scaling risk at the production wells. LSSW injection may no longer be required when the barium concentrations in the produced water drop below a certain threshold. Such a trigger value could be estimated from the barium sulfate precipitation tendency. Relaxation of requirements for the sulfate reduction plant (SRP) can significantly reduce operational costs. This study investigates the impact of several parameters on the timing and degree of relaxation of the output sulfate concentration by the SRP. Finally, the optimal switching strategy is proposed for a field case. The strategy for switching from LSSW to FSSW (e.g., time and method; direct or gradual increase in the sulfate concentration) was initially investigated using generic 2D areal and vertical models. The sensitivity study included the impact of reservoir heterogeneity and the initial barium and sulfate ion concentrations. Findings were later applied on a full-field reservoir simulation model followed by a mineral scale prediction software to investigate the specific switching strategy for a field that has multiple wells and significantly more complex heterogeneity. The results show that barium concentrations in the formation brine affect the choice of switching time more than the output sulfate concentration produced by the SRP. The degree of heterogeneity around the producers also has a significant impact on the switching time. Another parameter is the contrast in the permeability between layers; higher contrast allows a longer period of coproduction of the scaling ions and thus delays the switching time. In the field case, switching to FSSW at early times allows higher consumption of barium ions because of its in-situ precipitation. Barium is no longer a limiting ion, and so a higher degree of deep reservoir precipitation reduces the requirement for prolonged LSSW injection. Another strategy is a gradual relaxation of LSSW output, which allows even earlier buildup of the injected sulfate concentration compared with the direct FSSW switch. The study investigates the reservoir parameters that affect sulfate relaxation of LSSW injection for a field. After the proposed workflow, the optimal relaxation strategy can be designed for other field cases.

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Kojima, Yumi, Tetsumei Urano, Kazuhisa Kojima, Kiyohito Serizawa, Yumiko Takada i Akikazu Takada. "The Significant Enhancement of Fibrinolysis by Calcium Ion in a Cell Free System: The Shortening of Euglobulin Clot Lysis Time by Calcium Ion". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 72, nr 01 (1994): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1648821.

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SummaryWe investigated the roles of calcium ion (Ca2+) on euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and found that the physiological concentration of Ca2+ significantly (4-5 times) shortened ECLT. The shortening was observed at the concentration of Ca2+ higher than 1.5-2.0 mM. Other divalent cations such as Mg2+, Zn2+ or Mn2+ didn’t change ECLT. Anti-tPA antibody or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 prolonged ECLT in the absence of Ca2+, whereas they had no effect on ECLT shortened by Ca2+. Cl inactivator also had no effect. When barium absorbed plasma was employed, the shortening of ECLT by Ca2+ wasn’t observed, whereas it was recovered by the readdition of barium absorbed fraction. When factor X deficient plasma was employed, the shortening of ECLT by Ca2+ was also not observed. Thus, Ca2+ enhances fibrinolysis in a cell free system by a novel pathway in which the presence of factor X is prerequisite.

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38

Tabatabaee, Masoumeh, Boris-Marko Kukovec, Saeed Amjad i Masoud R. Shishebor. "Two Different Barium(II) 2D Coordination Polymers Constructed with Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarboxylate: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Decomposition to Barium(II) Carbonate Nanoparticles". Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, nr 11 (2016): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16091.

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Two novel barium(ii) 2D coordination polymers, {[Ba(µ-H2O)(H2O)2(µ-pyzdc)]}n (1) and {[Ba(H2O)2(µ-Hpyzdc)(Hpyzdc)]⋅2H2O}n (2) (pyzdcH2 = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), were prepared by reaction of barium(ii) chloride dihydrate and pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid under similar experimental conditions (slightly different pH values) and characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis methods. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and it was revealed that the barium(ii) ion has a distorted bicapped square antiprismatic coordination geometry in 1 and a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry in 2, composed of water molecules, carboxylate O, and pyrazine N atoms in both cases. The polymers 1 and 2 have different connectivity, as the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate ion acts as multidentate bridging ligand in both 1 and 2, but also as an N,O′-bidentate terminal ligand in 2. There are terminal coordinated water molecules in both 1 and 2, but bridging water molecules are present only in 1 and water molecules of crystallisation only in 2. BaCO3 nanoparticles were formed by thermal decomposition of 1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol, and their structure and morphology were studied by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. According to the powder X-ray diffraction pattern, BaCO3 was formed with an orthorhombic witherite structure.

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Khromushin, Igor V., Taтiana I. Aksenova, Turgora Tuseyev, Karlygash K. Munasbaeva, Yuri V. Ermolaev, Victor N. Ermolaev i Arman S. Seitov. "Modification of Barium Cerate by Heavy Ion Irradiation". Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (wrzesień 2013): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.357.

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The effect of irradiation with heavy ions Ne, Ar, and Kr of various energies on the structure and properties of ceramic barium cerate doped with neodymium and annealed in air at 650°C for 7 hours is studied. It is noted that blistering was observed on cerate surface during its irradiation by low energy Ne ions, whereas it was not observed under low-energy Ar and Kr ions irradiation. Irradiation of the cerate with high energy ions caused partial amorphization of the irradiated surface of the material, while the structure of the non-irradiated surface did not change. In addition, the irradiated surface of the cerate endured solid-phase structural changes. Thus, upon high-energy ions irradiation in the range of Ne, Ar, Kr the cerate surface resembled the stages of spherulite formation - nucleation, growth (view of cauliflower), formation of spherulitic crust, respectively. The increase in water molecules release and reduction of molecular oxygen release from the barium cerate, irradiated by high-energy ions is found during vacuum constant rate heating. It is concluded that cerates undergo changes to the distances significantly exceeding the ion ranges in these materials. Features of high-energy ions influence on thermal desorption of carbon dioxide from cerates show, apparently, the formation of weakly bound carbonate compounds on the cerate surface in the irradiation process.

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40

SUZUKI, Kaoru, Tetsuya TANIYAMA i Takaya MASUTANI. "Laser Polymerization of Copolymer Films Containing Barium Ion". Review of Laser Engineering 13, nr 8 (1985): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.13.635.

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41

Hamelin, N., P. J. Chandler i P. D. Townsend. "Characterisation of Ion Implanted Waveguides in Barium Fluoride". Physica Status Solidi (a) 134, nr 2 (16.12.1992): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211340225.

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42

Zhang, L., P. J. Chandler i P. D. Townsend. "Ion‐implanted planar waveguides in barium sodium niobate". Applied Physics Letters 53, nr 7 (15.08.1988): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100629.

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Lin, Quan, Bai Yang, Yugang Ma, Xuesong Meng i Jiacong Shen. "Optical Properties of Transparent Resin Containing Barium Ion". Chemistry Letters 29, nr 9 (wrzesień 2000): 978–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2000.978.

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44

Jurado-Vargas, M., M. T. Oliguín, E. Erdóñez-Regil i M. Miménez-Reyes. "Ion exchange of radium and barium in zeolites". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 218, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039327.

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Vinnik, Denis, Santhoshkumar Mahadevan i Puneet Sharma. "Magnetic Study on Divalent Ion Substituted Barium Hexaferrites". Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (17.08.2021): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.714.

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Magnetic properties of Co, Ni and Zn substituted barium hexaferrite (BaM) samples prepared by solid state ceramic method were studied. Saturation magnetisation were found higher for Zn-substituted BaM, whereas, coercivity is higher for Co2+ and Ni2+ ion substituted samples. Anisotropy field for all substituted samples was calculated by the law of approaching saturation. Remanence, squareness and thermomagnetic plot suggest Zn2+ ions restricts the magnetic interaction of various sites in BaM.

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46

Hummel, Hans-U. "Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Barium-1,1-dicyanoethylen-2,2-oxo-thiolat-Tetrahydrat — ein Salz mit dem Anion [O(S)CC(CN)2 ]2- / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Barium-1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2-oxo-thiolate Tetrahydrate — a Salt with the Anion [O(S)CC(CN)2]2-". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, nr 6 (1.06.1985): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0604.

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Abstract By reaction of COS with malonitrile in presence of potassium ethanolate in ethanol K2O(S)CC(CN)2 · H2O is obtained. It reacts with Ba(NCS)2 ·3H2O in ethanol to form colourless crystals of BaO(S)CC(CN)2 · 4H2O. The space group of the barium salt is Pn21a (standard: Pna21) with Z = 4. The structure consists of Ba2+ and [O(S)CC(CN)2 ]2 - ions. The barium ion is bound to three nitrogen and six oxygen atoms. The coordination polyhedron is a tricapped trigonal prism. The anion [O(S)CC(CN)2 ]2 - is not exactly planar and is involved in several hydrogen bondings.

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47

Guan, Ying, Taiju Tsuboi, Yanlin Huang i Wei Huang. "Concentration quenching of praseodymium ions Pr3+ in BaGd2(MoO4)4 crystals". Dalton Trans. 43, nr 9 (2014): 3698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt53225a.

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The concentration effect on the photoluminescence (PL) of the praseodymium Pr³⁺ ion is studied at 298–12 K for barium gadolinium molybdate (BaGd₂(MoO₄)₄, called BGM) crystals with a wide Pr³⁺ concentration range of 0.05–25.0 mol%.

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Li, Gang, Tong Qing Yang, Jin Fei Wang, Zhao Jin Sun i Jian Qiang Guo. "Effect of Glass Additive on Electrical Properties of PLZST Antiferroelectric Ceramics". Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (czerwiec 2012): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1300.

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Alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass-modified PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics with glass contents between 0 and 8 wt.% have been fabricated respectively by a traditional solid phase reaction. The PLZST ceramics doped with alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass showed typical antiferroelectric phase when the glass contents were below 6 wt.% and the refined grains were observed. The addition of glass decreased the dielectric constant of samples. With increasing of the glass additives, both the Curie temperature and the remanent polarization deceased. It may be that Ba2+ entered in the perovskite structure, which acts as an important modified ion in the alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass. Larger forward antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition field (EAFE-FE >50 kV/cm) and higher breakdown strength (EBDS ≥105 kV/cm) were displayed in glass-modified PLZST ceramics. The improvement properties of samples were benefit for energy storage which is desired for the high power energy storage capacitors and pulsed power applications.

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Mu, Wanjun, Shenzhen Du, Qianhong Yu, Xingliang Li, Hongyuan Wei i Yuchuan Yang. "Improving barium ion adsorption on two-dimensional titanium carbide by surface modification". Dalton Transactions 47, nr 25 (2018): 8375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00917a.

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To capture radioactive barium from wastewater, the Ti₃C₂T_x material was modified by activation treatment and it exhibited high adsorption ability for removal of Ba²⁺ from aqueous solution.

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Majidnia, Zohreh, i Ani Idris. "Removal of barium from radioactive aqueous solution by PVA–alginate encapsulated titanium oxide using sunlight and other light types". RSC Advances 5, nr 78 (2015): 63588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01620g.

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TiO₂ NPs were synthesized by hydrothermal method. TiO₂ PVA–alginate beads were used for barium ion removal from wastewater, removing 98% of Ba²⁺ in 130 min at pH 8 by sunlight, and the beads could be reused 5 times. Ba²⁺ reduction fitted the pseudo second-order rate model.

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