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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Based Polyol”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Ji, Dong, Zheng Fang, Zhi Dong Wan, et al. "Rigid Polyurethane Foam Based on Modified Soybean Oil." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1681.

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Two bio-based polyols (Polyol-r and Polyol-t) were synthesized from commercially available epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). Polyol-r was obtained from ring opening of ESBO in the presence of fluoboric acid, while Polyol-t from a transesterification of Polyol-r with glycerol through a litharge catalyst. A rigid polyurethane foam was prepared by mixed polyols (Polyol-t and commercial 635 polyether polyol) with 4,4'-methylene-bis (phenyl isocyanate). The hydroxyl value of Polyol-t was higher than that of Polyol-r, which was also backed up by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Scanning electro

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Lee, Joo Hyung, Seong Hun Kim, and Kyung Wha Oh. "Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams with Castor Oil Based Multifunctional Polyols for Improved Compressive Properties." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040576.

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Currently, most commercial polyols used in the production of polyurethane (PU) foam are derived from petrochemicals. To address concerns relating to environmental pollution, a sustainable resource, namely, castor oil (CO), was used in this study. To improve the production efficiency, sustainability, and compressive strength of PU foam, which is widely used as an impact-absorbing material for protective equipment, PU foam was synthesized with CO-based multifunctional polyols. CO-based polyols with high functionalities were synthesized via a facile thiol-ene click reaction method and their chemi

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Yang, Fukai, Hao Yu, Yuyuan Deng, and Xinyu Xu. "Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (2021): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0052.

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Abstract In this article, five kinds of soybean oil-based polyols (polyol-E, polyol-P, polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M) were prepared by ring-opening the epoxy groups in epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with ethyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, p-tert-butylphenol, and 4-methoxyphenol in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid as the catalyst. The SOPs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, viscosity, and hydroxyl numbers. Compared with ESO, the retention time of SOPs is shortened, indicating that the molecular weight of SOPs is increased. The structure of different monomers can significant

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4

Lumcharoen, Duangphon, and Onusa Saravari. "Preparation and Characterization of Flexible Polyurethane Foams from Palm Oil-Based Polyol." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.352.

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Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by replacing commercial petroleum-based polyether polyol with palm oil-based polyol up to 50 wt%. Palm oil was converted to polyol by transesterification reaction with glycerol using calcium oxide as a catalyst. PU foams were then prepared from reaction between mixtures of palm oil-based polyol and petrochemical polyols with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) using water as blowing agent. The morphology and physical-mechanical properties including apparent density, indentation hardness, compressive deflection coefficient or support factor, tensile strengt

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5

Nciri, Nader, Jeong Hyun Kim, Nam Ho Kim, and Nam Jun Cho. "Investigation on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Vegetable Oil-Based Polyols for their Potential Application as Asphalt Rejuvenators." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.556.

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Up to date, no extravagant attempts have been made to use the vegetable oil-based polyols as rejuvenator agents for aged asphalts. In this context, the nature and composition of these biodegradable products need to be identified and physicochemical properties of different nature of compounds need to be measured. Three different vegetable oil-based polyols designed as castor oil polyol, soybean flexible polyol, and soybean rigid polyol were characterized by FT-IR, TLC-FID, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and by the determination of some usual characteristics such as acid value, hydroxyl value, iodine value

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6

Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, and Marek Isbrandt. "New Poly(lactide-urethane-isocyanurate) Foams Based on Bio-Polylactide Waste." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030481.

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The article presents the results of research on the synthesis of a new eco-polyol based on polylactide (PLA) waste and its use for the production of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. The obtained recycling-based polyol was subjected to analytical, physicochemical and spectroscopic tests (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) to confirm its suitability for the synthesis of polyurethane materials. Then, it was used to partially replace petrochemical polyol in polyurethane formulation. The obtained RPU/PIR foams were characterized by lower apparent density, brittleness, and water absorption.

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Han, Yan Ming, Te Fu Qin, and Fu Xiang Chu. "Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Heat Insulating Building Materials Based on Lignin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.505.

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The synthesis of polymer materials from renewable biomass resources has attracted lots of attention. In this study, lignin based polyurethane heat insulating building materials were prepared from isocyanate and lignin polyol. Lignin was modified by polyethylene glycol and glycerol with 0.6% acid at 120°C to obtain lignin polyol containing reactive hydroxyl groups, and then polyurethane foams were prepared by the reaction between the above lignin polyol and isocyanate. Hydroxyl value of lignin polyol, gel time, apparent activation energy for polymerization, impact strength and thermal conductiv

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8

de Luca Bossa, Ferdinando, Letizia Verdolotti, Vincenzo Russo, et al. "Upgrading Sustainable Polyurethane Foam Based on Greener Polyols: Succinic-Based Polyol and Mannich-Based Polyol." Materials 13, no. 14 (2020): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143170.

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It is well known that the traditional synthetic polymers, such as Polyurethane foams, require raw materials that are not fully sustainable and are based on oil-feedstocks. For this reason, renewable resources such as biomass, polysaccharides and proteins are still recognized as one of the most promising approaches for substituting oil-based raw materials (mainly polyols). However, polyurethanes from renewable sources exhibit poor physical and functional performances. For this reason, the best technological solution is the production of polyurethane materials obtained through a partial replacem

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9

Kamairudin, Norsuhaili, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Seng Soi Hoong, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak, and Hidayah Ariffin. "Preparation and Effect of Methyl-Oleate-Based Polyol on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams as Potential Thermal Insulation Material." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143028.

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Recently, most of the commercial polyols used in the production of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) have been derived from petrochemicals. Therefore, the introduction of modified palm oil derivatives-based polyol as a renewable material into the formulation of RPUFs is the focus of this study. A palm oil derivative—namely, methyl oleate (MO)—was successfully modified through three steps of reactions: epoxidation reaction, ring-opened with glycerol, followed by amidation reaction to produce a bio-based polyol named alkanolamide polyol. Physicochemical properties of the alkanolamide polyol were

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10

Sendijarevic, Ibrahim, Karol W. Pietrzyk, Christi M. Schiffman, Vahid Sendijarevic, Alper Kiziltas, and Debbie Mielewski. "Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system." Journal of Cellular Plastics 56, no. 6 (2020): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x20912204.

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The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initi

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11

Zhang, Cheng, Yixuan Zhang, Yao Liu, et al. "Effects of Polyol Types on Underwater Curing Properties of Polyurethane." Polymers 17, no. 1 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010005.

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This study aims to develop castable polyurethane suitable for applications on wet substrates or underwater construction. Polyurethanes were synthesized using various polyols with similar hydroxyl values, including poly(tetrahydrofuran) polyol, polyester polyol, castor oil-modified polyol, soybean oil-modified polyol, and cashew nut shell oil-modified polyol. The corresponding polyurethane curing products were evaluated for their underwater curing characteristics by volume expansion ratios and adhesion strength on dry and wet substrates, combined with analyses of reaction exothermic behavior, w

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12

Emeka-Chioke, Eucharia Agborma, Prisca Ifeoma Udeozo, Okechukwu Paul Nsude, Theresa Orieiji Uchechukwu, Kingsley John Orie, and Okoro Ogbobe. "Synthesis of Bio-based Polyol Via Epoxidation and Hydroxylation of Shea Butter Fats." Journal of Applied Chemical Science International 14, no. 2 (2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jacsi/2023/v14i28487.

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Polyols are mostly made from petroleum and other non-biodegradable fossil fuels, and as such, they are not environmentally benign. This study presents the process of making bio-based polyols from shea butter fats (SBF) by epoxidation and hydroxylation. Wet analysis, gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were all used to characterize the bio-based polyols. The acid number (13.92 mg KOH/g), iodine value (19.54 mg I2/100 g), saponification value (218.03 mg KOH/g), and viscosity (107.98 poise) suggest a good quality of synth

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13

Anancharoenwong, Ekasit, Jean Francois Pilard, Irène Campistron, Albert Laguerre, Frédéric Gohier, and Sophie Bistac. " Preparation of New Polyols Based on Cis-1,4-Polyisoprene by Using 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.381.

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This research focuses on synthesis and modification of polyol precursors derived from cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI). These new polyol precursors can be converted to high value-added polyurethane (PU). The epoxidized hydroxytelechelic PI (EHTPI) prepared by chemical modification from PI was used as starting material for polyol synthesis. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition between a terminal alkyne and an azide has rapidly become the most popular click reaction. We applied this reaction to couple azide-functionalized PI and alkyne-functionalized sugar for preparing polyols. For azide functionalization, 1-met

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14

Coccia, Francesca, Liudmyla Gryshchuk, Pierluigi Moimare, et al. "Chemically Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals as Reactive Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152556.

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Cellulose Nanocrystals, CNC, opportunely functionalized are proposed as reactive fillers in bio-based flexible polyurethane foams to improve, mainly, their mechanical properties. To overcome the cellulose hydrophilicity, CNC was functionalized on its surface by linking covalently a suitable bio-based polyol to obtain a grafted-CNC. The polyols grafted with CNC will react with the isocyanate in the preparation of the polyurethane foams. An attractive way to introduce functionalities on cellulose surfaces in aqueous media is silane chemistry by using functional trialkoxy silanes, X-Si (OR)3. Her

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15

Čuk, Nataša, Miha Steinbücher, Nejc Vidmar, Martin Ocepek, and Peter Venturini. "Fully Bio-Based and Solvent-Free Polyester Polyol for Two-Component Polyurethane Coatings." Coatings 13, no. 10 (2023): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101779.

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In recent years, many efforts are being devoted to the development of new materials that originate from renewable resources. Polyesters are one of the most important classes of such materials and several bio-based monomers are available for their synthesis. In this work, the development of fully bio-based and solvent-free polyester polyol used for two-component polyurethane coatings on industrial scale is presented. Fossil-based raw materials were substituted with bio-based alternatives that are commercially available on a large scale. Properties of polyols and coatings were determined and mea

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16

Zheng, Xiao Qing, Li Ting Yang, and Kun Peng Wang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyd Resin Based on Soybean Oil Polyols." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1721.

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Soybean oil-based alkyd resin was prepared using soy-based polyol, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The soy-based polyol was obtained through the epoxidization of soybean oil, followed by ring-opening with methanol and, the hydroxyl values of soybean oil-based polyols used in this reaction is 169.93 mgKOH/g. In the reactions of soy-based polyol, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, the molar ratio of hydroxyl value is equal to carboxyl value and the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to phthalic anhydride is 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. 1% hydroquinone based on total reactants was

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17

Zumbé, Albert, Adam Lee, and David Storey. "Polyols in confectionery: the route to sugar-free, reduced sugar and reduced calorie confectionery." British Journal of Nutrition 85, S1 (2001): S31—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000260.

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Polyol-containing confectionery offers considerable advantages over traditional sucrose-based confectionery in terms of reduced energy content and reduced cariogenicity. However, over-consumption of polyol confectionery may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in some individuals. Rather than consider this as a distinct disadvantage to the consumer, this article discusses how careful consideration of the physico-chemical properties of polyols and advances in product development and formulation can provide suitable polyol-based products for the consumer. Furthermore, food legislation and ingredien

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18

Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, Ewelina Chmiel, and Jacek Lubczak. "Use of a Mixture of Polyols Based on Metasilicic Acid and Recycled PLA for Synthesis of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Susceptible to Biodegradation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010069.

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Two polyol raw materials were obtained in the conducted research, one based on metasilicic acid (MSA), the other based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) waste. The obtained polyols were characterized in terms of their applicability for the production of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). Their basic analytical properties (hydroxyl number, acid number, elemental analysis) and physicochemical properties (density, viscosity) were determined. The assumed chemical structure of the obtained new compounds was confirmed by performing FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic tests. Formulations for the synthesis of RPUFs

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Fridrihsone, Anda, Arnis Abolins, and Mikelis Kirpluks. "Screening Life Cycle Assessment of Tall Oil-Based Polyols Suitable for Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205249.

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A screening Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of tall oil-based bio-polyols suitable for rigid polyurethane (PU) foams has been carried out. The goal was to identify the hot-spots and data gaps. The system under investigation is three different tall oil fatty acids (TOFA)-based bio-polyol synthesis with a cradle-to-gate approach, from the production of raw materials to the synthesis of TOFA based bio-polyols at a pilot-scale reactor. The synthesis steps that give the most significant environmental footprint hot-spots were identified. The results showed the bio-based feedstock was the main environmen

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Baser, S. A., and D. V. Khakhar. "Castor Oil - Glycerol Blends as Polyols for Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Cellular Polymers 12, no. 5 (1993): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939301200504.

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Castor oil is a relatively inexpensive and renewable source of hydroxyl groups. This makes use of castor oil in polyols for polyurethane very attractive. We have prepared a simple castor oil based polyol for rigid polyurethane foam application. The polyol is a physical blend of castor oil and glycerol. Glycerol acts as a cross-linker which gives the foam sufficient rigidity and reduces shrinkage. The foam samples are characterized by measuring density, % linear shrinkage, % closed cell content and compressive strength. Reaction injection moulding machine trials for the polyol are carried out.

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Iannace, Salvatore, Roberta Alfani, Luigi Nicolais, Grazia Baggi, and Maurizio Zangrossi. "Effects of Composition on Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Starch Based Polyurethane Foams." Cellular Polymers 18, no. 1 (1999): 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/026248939901800102.

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Polyurethane foams (PU) were prepared combining natural polysaccharides with polyester polyols and an aliphatic diisocyanate. Two classes of PU foams were studied: the first one was prepared by using starch as one of the components of the polyol mixture, while the second class was prepared by adding starch as filler to a reactive mixture containing sucrose in the polyol composition. Influence of chemical composition on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties were investigated. Moreover, biodegradation tests were performed on selected foams.

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Mizera, Kamila, Kamila Sałasińska, Joanna Ryszkowska, Maria Kurańska, and Rafał Kozera. "Effect of the Addition of Biobased Polyols on the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane and Poly(urea)urethane Elastomers." Materials 14, no. 7 (2021): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071805.

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Due to the current trends in sustainable development and the reduction in the use of fossil fuels (Green Deal strategy and the circular economy), and thus, the increased interest of the polyurethane industry in polyols derived from renewable sources, it is important to study the impact of these polyols on the flammability of new bioelastomers. The goal of this study was to check the influence of biobased polyols, such as tall oil (TO)-based polyols, soybean oil (SO)-based polyol, and rapeseed oil (RO)-based polyol, on the reduction in the burning and fume emissions of polyurethane and poly(ure

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Siti Munira, Yahaya, Ahmad Faiza Mohd, and Mohamed Rahmah. "Synthesis and Characterization of Palm Oil Based Polyol." Advanced Materials Research 812 (September 2013): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.275.

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In this study, palm oil-based polyols were prepared and characterized. In order to prepare the polyol, Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was reacted with glycerol and undergoes ring opening reaction. The synthesized oil was characterized by oxygen oxirane content titration (OOC), hydroxyl value test (HV), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the FTIR spectrum of polyols, the disappearance of epoxy groups at 825cm-1, 843cm-1 and the emergence of hydroxyl group at 3394cm-1 are obvious indicating that hydroxyl group of the polyols formed. In NMR, the presence o

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Gaddam, Sashivinay Kumar, and Aruna Palanisamy. "Ionizable polyol from cottonseed oil for anionic waterborne polyurethane-silanol dispersions." Polymers from Renewable Resources 10, no. 4 (2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041247920952644.

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A novel cottonseed oil-based ionizable polyol was introduced as ionic soft segment in waterborne polyurethane dispersion (PUD) synthesis. The ionizable polyol was synthesized by ring opening of epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO) with 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and blended with hydroxylated cottonseed oil polyol (HCSO) in different weight ratios to develop a series of mixed polyols having different hydroxyl numbers viz., 146, 130 and 114 mg KOH/g. Three different PUDs were synthesized using the mixed polyols, isophorone diisocyanate, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The chemical structure, therm

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Lubczak, Renata, Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz, Jacek Lubczak, Marzena Szpiłyk, Daniel Broda, and Ewa Bobko. "Biodegradable Polyurethane Foams Based on Polyols Obtained from Cellulose and Its Hydroxypropyl Derivative." Materials 17, no. 22 (2024): 5490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225490.

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Three methods of cellulose-derived polyol synthesis were elaborated. The suitable substrates were (hydroxypropyl)cellulose or cellulose, which were hydroxyalkylated in reactions with glycidol and ethylene carbonate in triethylene glycol or in water. The products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and MALDI ToF spectroscopies. For all polyols, IR spectra showed strong bands at 1060 cm−1 from the ether group formed upon the ring opening of GL and EC. The polyol obtained from (hydroxypropyl)cellulose in the triethylene glycol solvent was accompanied by oligomeric products of glycol hydroxyalkylati

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Kirpluks, Mikelis, Edgars Vanags, Arnis Abolins, Slawomir Michalowski, Anda Fridrihsone, and Ugis Cabulis. "High Functionality Bio-Polyols from Tall Oil and Rigid Polyurethane Foams Formulated Solely Using Bio-Polyols." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081985.

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High-quality rigid polyurethane (PU) foam thermal insulation material has been developed solely using bio-polyols synthesized from second-generation bio-based feedstock. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesized from cellulose production side stream—tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening as well as esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols, such as diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, and diethanolamine. Four different high functionality bio-polyols were combined with bio-polyol obtained from tall oil esterification with triethanolamine to d

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Petrović, Z. S., I. Javni, X. Jing, D. P. Hong, and A. Guo. "Effect of Hyperbranched Vegetable Oil Polyols on Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams." Materials Science Forum 555 (September 2007): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.555.459.

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Molded polyurethane foams for car seats are based on petrochemical polyols of molecular weight 4000-6000 and copolymer polyols containing micron size polymeric particles. Copolymer polyols (CPP) typically constitute 30% of the mixture with the base polyol. They help cell opening, increase load bearing and tear strength of the foams, but they are relatively expensive. Hyperbranched polyols of petrochemical origin were used in molded foams.[1] They are solid in the pure form and due to high crosslinking density could be incorporated at low concentration in conjunction with copolymer polyols. Ins

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Prociak, Aleksander, Michał Kucała, Maria Kurańska, and Mateusz Barczewski. "Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183660.

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New rigid polyurethane foams (RPURFs) modified with two types of bio-polyols based on rapeseed oil were elaborated and characterized. The effect of the bio-polyols with different functionality, synthesized by the epoxidation and oxirane ring-opening method, on the cell structure and selected properties of modified foams was evaluated. As oxirane ring-opening agents, 1-hexanol and 1.6-hexanediol were used to obtain bio-polyols with different functionality and hydroxyl numbers. Bio-polyols in different ratios were used to modify the polyurethane (PUR) composition, replacing 40 wt.% petrochemical

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Budirohmi, Andi. "Synthesis of Acid Polyols As a Feedstock to Produce Flexible Polyurethanes and Their Effect on the Income Level of Furniture Craftsmen." PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 2, no. 1 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v2i2.2202.

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Polyuretanes are widely used as elastomers, coatings, adhesivesand binders,interior and exterior cars, furniture,shoe soles, carpets, rigit and flexible foams, membrane materials as well as constuction materials .The production of polyurethanes is largely derived from polyols derived from petroleum . Howover, petroleum is a non- renewable raw material . Thus it is necessary to look alternative feedstock for the manufacture of polyol as a polyurethane raw material. Synnthesis polyurethane by polymerization process using polyol volume based on polyol oleat acid polypropylenglycol ( PPG ) in orde

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Andrade Breves, Rodolfo, Daniel Ajiola, Roseany de Vasconcelos Vieira Lopes, et al. "Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites from Macauba Kernel Oil: Part 1, Matrix Synthesis from Glycerol-Based Polyol." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 9 (2024): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090363.

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Polyurethanes are the result of a reaction between an isocyanate and a polyol. The large variety of possible reagents creates many possible polyurethanes to be made, such as soft foams, rigid foams, coatings, and adhesives. This polymer is one of the most produced and consumed polymers in the world with an ever-increasing demand. Despite its usual petrochemical nature, research on bio-based polyurethanes flourishes due to the ease in creating bio-based polyols. This work covers the synthesis of a novel macauba kernel oil polyol by the epoxidation of the oil, followed by a ring-opening reaction

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Buszard, D. L., and R. J. Dellar. "The Performance of Flame Retardants in Rigid Polyurethane Foam Formulations." Cellular Polymers 4, no. 6 (1985): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938500400603.

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The flame retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam compositions are determined by the type and level of flame retardant, the isocyanate index of the foam and the structure of the polyol. Three phosphorus-based flame retardant additives are compared using the BS 4735 horizontal burn test and the DIN 4102–B2 vertical burn test in a wide range of polyol types. The results obtained are consistent with the phosphorus content of the additives. Dimethyl methylphosphonate with a phosphorus content of 25% proves to be the most effective flame retardant. Surprisingly, the chlorine content, which

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Mendis, S. Sameera D. "Synthesis, Characterization of Bio-based Polyol and Assess the Effectiveness of Bio-based Polyurethane Direct-to-metal Coating System." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science VIII, no. VI (2023): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2023.8625.

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Crude oil is neither a long-lasting energy source nor a raw material source, has a high consumption rate relative to a low regeneration rate and creates massive environmental disorders. Polyurethane is well known and is the most popular film forming material in the coating industry because of its better performance. A coconut oil-based polyol (biobased polyol) was synthesized and acid value, viscosity, reaction water release, oil length, FTIR spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry and colourimetric index were assessed during the synthesis. A series of pigmented wet paint samples were prep

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Gosz, Kamila, Agnieszka Tercjak, Adam Olszewski, Józef Haponiuk, and Łukasz Piszczyk. "Bio-Based Polyurethane Networks Derived from Liquefied Sawdust." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113138.

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The utilization of forestry waste resources in the production of polyurethane resins is a promising green alternative to the use of unsustainable resources. Liquefaction of wood-based biomass gives polyols with properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, the liquefaction of forestry wastes, including sawdust, in solvents such as glycerol and polyethylene glycol was investigated. The liquefaction process was carried out at temperatures of 120, 150, and 170 °C. The resulting bio-polyols were analyzed for process efficiency, hydroxyl number, water content, viscosity, and structura

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Niesiobędzka, Joanna, Ewa Głowińska, and Janusz Datta. "Eco-Friendly Ether and Ester-Urethane Prepolymer: Structure, Processing and Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (2021): 12207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212207.

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This study concerns bio-based urethane prepolymers. The relationship between the chemical structure and the thermal and processing parameters of bio-based isocyanate-terminated ether and ester-urethane prepolymers was investigated. Bio-based prepolymers were obtained with the use of bio-monomers such as bio-based diisocyanate, bio-based polyether polyol or polyester polyols. In addition to their composition, the bio-based prepolymers were different in the content of iso-cyanate groups content (ca. 6 and 8%). The process of pre-polymerization and the obtained bio-based prepolymers were analyzed

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Sundang, Murni, Nur Sjanrah Nurdin, Sariah Saalah, et al. "Synthesis of Jatropha-Oil-Based Polyester Polyol as Sustainable Biobased Material for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183715.

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The utilization of vegetable oil in the production of polymeric material has gained interest due to its proven ability to replace nonrenewable petroleum sources, as it is readily modified via chemical reaction to produce polyol and subsequently for polyurethane production. Jatropha oil (JO), a second-generation feedstock, is one of the suitable candidates for polyester polyol synthesis because it contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, jatropha-based polyester polyols (JOLs) with different hydroxyl values were successfully synthesized via a two-step method: epoxid

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Ain, Nurul H., Maznee TI Tuan Noor, Mohd Azmil Mohd Noor, et al. "Structure–property performance of natural palm olein polyol in the viscoelastic polyurethane foam." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 1 (2016): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16639031.

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Structure–property behavior of the palm olein-based natural oil polyol (E-135 NOP) was investigated in viscoelastic “memory” foams. In a model viscoelastic foam formulation, the E-135 NOP with pendant hydroxyls was used as a drop-in replacement for the well-defined model polyether polyol with terminal hydroxyls, Poly-G® 76-120. Both polyols have comparable equivalent weight and concentrations of primary and secondary hydroxyls. The data showed that replacing Poly-G® 76-120 polyether polyol with the E-135 NOP did not significantly impact the foaming reactivity. Increasing the E-135 NOP concentr

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Hang, Nguyen Thi Nhat, Yong Yang, Nguyen Quang Thanh Nam, Masayuki Nogami, Le Hong Phuc, and Nguyen Viet Long. "Pt-Based Multimetal Electrocatalysts and Potential Applications: Recent Advancements in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Modified Polyol Methods." Crystals 12, no. 3 (2022): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030375.

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In our review, we have presented a summary of the research accomplishments of nanostructured multimetal-based electrocatalysts synthesized by modified polyol methods, especially the special case of Pt-based nanoparticles associated with increasing potential applications for batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells. To address the problems raised in serious environmental pollution, disease, health, and energy shortages, we discuss and present an improved polyol process used to synthesize nanoparticles from Pt metal to Pt-based bimetal, and Pt-based multimetal catalysts in the various forms of allo

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Vieira, Fernanda Rosa, Ana Barros-Timmons, Dmitry Victorovitch Evtuguin, and Paula C. O. R. Pinto. "Oxyalkylation of Lignoboost™ Kraft Lignin with Propylene Carbonate: Design of Experiments towards Synthesis Optimization." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051925.

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Oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate (PC) is a safe process to convert lignin into a reactive liquid polyol to be used in polyurethane formulations. In this study, the effect of operating conditions of oxyalkylation (temperature, time and quantify of PC) on the quality of lignin-based polyol in terms hydroxyl number (IOH) and viscosity was studied. Full factorial modeling and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to study the effect and interaction of process variables on the IOH and viscosity of lignin-based polyols. The results revealed that the IOH is highly affected by the reac

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Borowicz, Marcin, Marek Isbrandt, and Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska. "Effect of New Eco-Polyols Based on PLA Waste on the Basic Properties of Rigid Polyurethane and Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168981.

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The aim of the presented research was to obtain two new eco-polyols based on waste polylactide (PLA) and to check the effect on the properties of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams and, based on these, rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. The synthesis of eco-polyols was based on the transesterification reaction of melted PLA with diethylene glycol in the presence of an organometallic catalyst. Properties of the obtained eco-polyols were examined for their potential as raw materials for synthesis of rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, i.e., hydroxyl value, acid value, de

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Szpiłyk, Marzena, Renata Lubczak, and Jacek Lubczak. "Cellulose-Based Polyurethane Foams of Low Flammability." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101438.

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Decreasing oil resources creates the need to search for raw materials in the biosphere, which can be converted into polyols suitable for obtaining polyurethane foams (PUF). One such low-cost and reproducible biopolymer is cellulose. There are not many examples of cellulose-derived polyols due to the sluggish reactivity of cellulose itself. Recently, cellulose and its hydroxypropyl derivatives were applied as source materials to obtain polyols, further converted into biodegradable rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). Those PUFs were flammable. Here, we describe our efforts to modify such PUFs in or

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Ivdre, Aiga, Arnis Abolins, Nikita Volkovs, et al. "Rigid Polyurethane Foams as Thermal Insulation Material from Novel Suberinic Acid-Based Polyols." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143124.

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Developing polyols from biomass sources contributes to a more circular economy by replacing petroleum-based polyols in the vast production of polyurethanes (PUR). One such potential biomass source could be leftover birch bark from which suberinic acids (SA) can be obtained. The purpose of this study was to identify the best synthesis routes for novel SA-based polyols, obtain rigid PUR foams, and evaluate their competitiveness and potential suitability as thermal insulation material. Novel polyols were synthesized from depolymerized SA by esterification with various functionality and molecular

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Moyano-Vallejo, Alejandra, María Pilar Carbonell-Blasco, Carlota Hernández-Fernández, Francisca Arán-Aís, María Dolores Romero-Sánchez, and Elena Orgilés-Calpena. "Enhanced Green Strength in a Polycarbonate Polyol-Based Reactive Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive." Polymers 16, no. 23 (2024): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16233356.

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This study aimed to enhance the initial adhesion performance of reactive polyurethane hot-melt adhesives by using a bio-based polycarbonate polyol instead of traditional polyester or polyether polyols and by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in varied proportions. Adhesives synthesized from bio-based polycarbonate polyols and polypropylene glycol with MDI as the isocyanate were characterized chemically, thermally, and mechanically (FTIR, DSC, plate–plate rheology, DMA, and T-peel strength test). Adding 10–15 wt.% TPU significantly improved green strength and initial adhesion at ro

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Strzałka, Anna Maria, and Jacek Lubczak. "Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Based on Water-Soluble Chitosan." Polymers 15, no. 6 (2023): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061488.

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At present, majority of polyols used in the synthesis of polyurethane foams are of petrochemical origin. The decreasing availability of crude oil imposes the necessity to convert other naturally existing resources, such as plant oils, carbohydrates, starch, or cellulose, as substrates for polyols. Within these natural resources, chitosan is a promising candidate. In this paper, we have attempted to use biopolymeric chitosan to obtain polyols and rigid polyurethane foams. Four methods of polyol synthesis from water-soluble chitosan functionalized by reactions of hydroxyalkylation with glycidol

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Pang, Minhui, Shuqi Dong, Jianguo Zhao, Hongyan Li, Dongsheng Liu, and Lixia Li. "Preparation of High Bio-Content Polyurethane Coatings from Co-Liquefaction of Cellulosic Biomass and Starch for Controlled Release Fertilizers." Coatings 13, no. 1 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010148.

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To manufacture high bio-content degradable polyurethane-coated fertilizer, the co-liquefaction of corn straw and starch was carried out to convert more biomass into bio-polyol so as to substitute petroleum-based polyol. The effect of the corn straw to starch ratio on liquefaction behavior was mainly investigated by monitoring acid value, hydroxyl value, and liquefaction rate. Both chemical structures and properties of bio-polyols and their coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), etc. The results indicated that adding a

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Jung, Dahee, Fernando Raffan-Montoya, Roshini Ramachandran, et al. "Cross-linked porous polyurethane materials featuring dodecaborate clusters as inorganic polyol equivalents." Chemical Communications 55, no. 60 (2019): 8852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03350e.

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A perhydroxylated dodecaborate cluster acts as an inorganic polyol to produce cross-linked polyurethanes, which confers a porous structure and enhanced thermal stability compared to analogous polymers produced from carbon-based polyols.

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Sonnabend, Maresa, Suzanne G. Aubin, Annette M. Schmidt, and Marc C. Leimenstoll. "Sophorolipid-Based Oligomers as Polyol Components for Polyurethane Systems." Polymers 13, no. 12 (2021): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122001.

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Due to reasons of sustainability and conservation of resources, polyurethane (PU)-based systems with preferably neutral carbon footprints are in increased focus of research and development. The proper design and development of bio-based polyols are of particular interest since such polyols may have special property profiles that allow the novel products to enter new applications. Sophorolipids (SL) represent a bio-based toolbox for polyol building blocks to yield diverse chemical products. For a reasonable evaluation of the potential for PU chemistry, however, further investigations in terms o

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Kuang, Guankun, Yan Liu, Ying Qin, Yuanyuan Zhou, and Binjie Xin. "Study on Castor Oil-based Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2437, no. 1 (2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2437/1/012030.

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Abstract The raw material for polyurethane synthesis is mainly polyols, while traditional polyols come from fossil resources. With the decrease of fossil resources, the synthesis of polyurethane by vegetable oil-based polyols has gradually gained more attention. Castor oil is a kind of plant oil-based polyols, which are the most suitable plant oil polyols because of its non-toxic, biodegradable and trihydroxy structure. Polyurethane synthesized with castor oil as a polyol has many special properties, such as good antibacterial properties, anti-UV properties, good biocompatibility and biodegrad

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Kairytė, Agnė, Arūnas Kremensas, Giedrius Balčiūnas, Sylwia Członka, and Anna Strąkowska. "Closed Cell Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Low Functionality Polyols: Research of Dimensional Stability and Standardised Performance Properties." Materials 13, no. 6 (2020): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061438.

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Currently, polyurethane foam producers come across the several problems when petroleum-based polyols are replaced with low functionality biomass, or waste-based, polyols. In addition, the dilemma is intensified with regulations that require full or partial replacement of blowing agents that can cause high ozone depletion with alternatives like water, which causes the formation of CO2. Therefore, these gases diffuse out of the foam so quickly that the polymeric cell walls cannot withstand the pressure, consequently causing huge dimensional changes at ambient temperature and humidity. Even thoug

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M. de Souza, Felipe, Jonghyun Choi, Sanket Bhoyate, Pawan K. Kahol, and Ram K. Gupta. "Expendable Graphite as an Efficient Flame-Retardant for Novel Partial Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 2 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6020027.

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The rigid polyurethane foam (PU) is a versatile material, used especially for construction and household applications. The current situation demands a facile, cost-efficient, and greener approach for developing the polyurethanes from bio-derived materials. In this study, we present a novel bio-polyol synthesized using carvone, an extract from caraway, spearmint, or dill seeds via facile thiol-ene reaction. Our one-step reaction uses a UV irradiation to allow the room temperature conversion of the carvone to a high purity bio-polyol, as confirmed from the standard analytical characterizations.

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Zhang, Meng, Li Qiang Zhang, and Yong Hong Zhou. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Foams from Modified Rosin-Based Polyether Polyol." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.727.

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Rosin based polyether polyols were synthesized from rosin formaldehyde adduct, propylene epoxide and ethylene epoxide in the presence of catalyst. Rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) were prepared with these rosin-based polyols and compared with foam made with an industrial polyether polyol (TC-4110) and rosin-based polyester polyols. The mechanical and thermal properties of foams were analyzed by some methods. The experimental results show that the foaming behavior for the foams prepared from such rosin based polyether polyols is similar to that of industrial products, but the reaction activities

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