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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Biotyping Introduction"
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Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, Ljiljana Ristic, Tatjana Milenkovic, and Dragan Bogdanovic. "Comparative genomic fingerprinting for the subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli biotypes." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 9-10 (2017): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160606082m.
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Introduction/Objective. Thermophilic campylobacters, especially Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli), are the most important causes of bacterial diarrhea in developed and developing countries. The disease can occur as a sporadic infection or as large and small outbreaks. Phenotyping and genotyping methods are in use to determine similarities between strains as well their possible common origin. The goal of the study was to compare discriminatory power of biotyping tests and comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF) 40 (100%), as well as a combination of the two tests in detection of clonality or epidemiological relatedness between the studied strains. Methods. We investigated 23 Campylobacter strains using biotyping and CGF typing. Results. We found that biotyping was a more discriminatory method for C. coli, and CGF for C. jejuni strains. In the discrimination of C. jejuni strains, CGF had better discriminatory power [Simpson?s index of diversity (ID) was 0.879] over the discrimination of C. coli strains (Simpson?s ID was 0.389). Conclusion. Biotyping and CGF can be complementary methods in detection of similarity, relatedness and possible common origin between strains since the combination of biotyping and CGF methods gives more precise data about diversity within C. coli and C. jejuni strains.
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Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Lai-King Ng, Lawrence Price, Branislava Kocic, and Tatjana Babic. "Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated in the region of Nis, Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 11-12 (2010): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1012721m.
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Introduction. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli represent one of the main causes of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. Although the disease is usually mild and self-limiting, severe chronic sequelae may occur, such as reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barr? and Miller Fisher syndromes. Serotyping is used as an epidemiological marker, while post-infective polyneuropathies are associated with several O serotypes. Objective. Strains of C. jejuni and C. coli were serotyped based on heat stable (HS) and heat labile (HL) antigens, as well as biotypes to determine strain diversity. Methods. Campylobacter spp. was isolated using selective blood media with antibiotics. Differentiation to the species level was done by a combination of biotyping tests and by a PCR-based RFLP test. The isolates were characterised by Penner and Lior serotyping methods. Results. The serotypes showed diversity without predominant serotypes. 24 HS serotypes were detected among 29 C. jejuni strains, and seven serotypes among nine C. coli strains. HL serotyping method successfully typed 62.5% of strains. Among 16 C. jejuni strains 14 serotypes were detected, and three among four C. coli strains. A C. jejuni strain associated with a patient with Guillain-Barr? syndrome was typed as biotype II, O:19. Conclusion. The biotyping and serotyping results have indicated that C. jejuni and C. coli strains in the region of Nis, Serbia are diverse and could be probably of unrelated sources of origin or reservoirs. The strain associated with the Guillain-Barr? syndrome patient was serotype O:19, one of the most common in this post-infective complication.
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VIRTANEN, S., S. NIKUNEN, and H. KORKEALA. "Introduction of Infected Animals to Herds Is an Important Route for the Spread of Yersinia enterocolitica Infection between Pig Farms." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 1 (2014): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-144.
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Altogether, 369 pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from 1,118 fecal samples collected from 22 pig farms of different production types were characterized by biotyping, serotyping, and genotyping using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis. We investigated the distribution of the different genotypes at the farm level and their association with different farm conditions. Pigs were found to carry and transmit Y. enterocolitica between farms, because the same genotypes were found on farms that had previously transported the pigs between them. The purchase of new animals for the farms associated significantly with the number of different multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis types of Y. enterocolitica found within a farm. Some genotypes seemed to persist on farms for years. The results of this study show that pigs purchased from infected herds transmit Y. enterocolitica infection between farms. Certain pig farms may act as long-term sources of infection.
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FARBER, J. M. "An Introduction to the Hows and Whys of Molecular Typing†." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 10 (1996): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.10.1091.
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Until recently, the relatedness of bacterial isolates has been determined solely by testing for one or several phenotypic markers, using methods such as serotyping, phage typing, biotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and bacteriocin typing. However, there are problems in the use of many of these phenotype-based methods. For example, phage and bacteriocin typing systems are not available for all bacterial species and serotyping can be labor-intensive and costly. In addition, phenotypic markers may not be stably expressed under certain environmental or culture conditions. In contrast, some of the newer molecular typing methods involving the analysis of DNA offer many advantages over traditional techniques. One of the more important advantages is that since DNA can always be extracted from bacteria, all bacteria should be typeable. Another is that the discriminatory power of DNA-based methods is greater than that of phenotypic procedures. This review focuses on the basics of molecular typing along with the advantages and disadvantages of several of the newer genotypic typing techniques. This includes methods such as plasmid typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping and its variations, and polymerase chain reaction-based methods such as random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Molecular typing of microorganisms has made great strides in the last decade, and many food microbiology laboratories have become more knowledgeable and better equipped to carry out these new molecular techniques. Molecular typing procedures can be broadly defined as methods used to differentiate bacteria, based on the composition of biological molecules such as proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, etc., or nucleic acids. The latter can also be more specifically defined as genotyping, and is the subject of this review.
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GONÇALVES, Célia R., Tania Mara I. VAZ, Eliane ARAUJO, Regina de Fátima BONI, Daniela LEITE, and Kinue IRINO. "Biotyping, serotyping and ribotyping as epidemiological tools in the evaluation of Acinetobacter baumannii dissemination in hospital units, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 42, no. 5 (2000): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652000000500007.
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Dissemination of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in different units of a hospital in Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil was evaluated over a period of two years. By using biotyping, serotyping and ribotyping, 27 distinct clones were differentiated among 76 strains isolated between 1993-94, from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. Two clones, 2:O4:A (biotype:serotype:ribotype) and 2:O29:A accounted for the majority of strains widely disseminated in the units during 1993. The introduction in the hospital setting, of a new clone, 6:O13:B, at the end of 1993 and its predominance through 1994 is discussed. Among 15 strains isolated from neonates, 6 (40%) belonged to the same clone, 2:O4:A. Interestingly, this clone was almost all recovered in neonatal intensive care unit, nursery and in pediatric unit. All strains were susceptible to imipenem and polymyxcin B. Multiresistant strains (up to 12 antimicrobial agents) accounted for 66.7% and 84.8% of the strains isolated in 1993 and in 1994, respectively.
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Kordecka, Anna, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak E., Cecylia Łukaszuk, M. Kraszyński, and B. Kraszyńska. "Enzymatic activity and biotypes of Candida fungi isolated from the surfaces of mobile phones and hands." Progress in Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (2017): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1746.
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Introduction: The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a factor facilitating pathogenic fungi invasion into the tissues. Purpose: To assess hydrolytic activity and biotypes of Candida strains isolated from samples collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of their owners. Materials and methods: The study included 175 mobile telephones and hands. The API ZYM test was used to assess enzymatic activity; biotyping was performed according to Williamson’s classification. Results: Among the strains isolated from hand surfaces, the highest activity was shown for C. albicans (acid phosphatase, esterase), C. glabrata (leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, esterase), and C. krusei (acid phosphatase). Of the strains isolated from phone surfaces, the highest activity was shown for C. albicans (leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase), C. glabrata (esterase, leucine arylamidase, esterase lipase), and C. krusei (acid phosphatase). Biotypes G, B and F were dominant for all types of fungi, both for strains isolated from phones and hand surfaces. Additionally, biotype A was dominant for C. krusei. Conclusions: C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei showed activity for all hydrolytic enzymes. The strongest correlation between the hydrolytic activity of fungi isolated from hand and phone surfaces was shown for C. albicans.
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Nair, Gulsiv, Kavitha R. Dinesh, and P. M. Shamsul Karim. "Microbiological Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Haemophilus Influenzae Isolates from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (2020): 2105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.51.
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Haemophilus are fastidious Gram negative bacilli, which require factor X (hemin), factor V (NAD), or both for their growth. Haemophilus influenzae is the type species, and is considered to be the most pathogenic. They are associated with many invasive infections including meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Serotype b is most commonly associated with infections. Haemophilus species isolated from patients in a tertiary care centre in South India were studied. Identification, serotyping and biotyping were done and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. The incidence of H. influenzae infections in our study was 65.3 cases/100,000 persons. Serotype b was the most common (66.67%), followed by non typeable H.influenzae (NTHi) (25%). Most isolates from adults were type b, while all isolates from pediatric population were non typeable. The most common biotype was type II, followed by type I and type III. Three of 24 isolates were β lactamase producers (12.5%). One isolate was β lactamase negative Ampicillin resistant (BLNAR). Resistance to ampicillin was 16.67%. Resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was low (4-10%). Co-trimoxazole resistance was found to be very high (75%). All isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and meropenem. No isolates of H.influenzae type b were obtained from the paediatric population which may be due to the introduction of Hib vaccine. The increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics is worrisome, especially penicillins and co-trimoxazole. Use of co-trimoxazole in empirical therapy of upper and lower respiratory tract infections has a high chance of failure in the current scenario.
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Shome, Rajeswari, Natesan Krithiga, Padmashree B. Shankaranarayana, et al. "Genotyping of Indian antigenic, vaccine, and field Brucella spp. using multilocus sequence typing." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 03 (2016): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6617.
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Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that affects multiple livestock species and causes great economic losses. The highly conserved genomes of Brucella, with > 90% homology among species, makes it important to study the genetic diversity circulating in the country. Methodology: A total of 26 Brucella spp. (4 reference strains and 22 field isolates) and 1 B. melitensis draft genome sequence from India (B. melitensis Bm IND1) were included for sequence typing. The field isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by both conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting bcsp 31Brucella genus-specific marker. Brucella speciation and biotyping was done by Bruce ladder, probe qPCR, and AMOS PCRs, respectively, and genotyping was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The MLST typing of 27 Brucella spp. revealed five distinct sequence types (STs); the B. abortus S99 reference strain and 21 B. abortus field isolates belonged to ST1. On the other hand, the vaccine strain B. abortus S19 was genotyped as ST5. Similarly, B. melitensis 16M reference strain and one B. melitensis field isolate were grouped into ST7. Another B. melitensis field isolate belonged to ST8 (draft genome sequence from India), and only B. suis 1330 reference strain was found to be ST14. Conclusion: The sequences revealed genetic similarity of the Indian strains to the global reference and field strains. The study highlights the usefulness of MLST for typing of field isolates and validation of reference strains used for diagnosis and vaccination against brucellosis.
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Barve, Sonia Sandeep, Srujana Prabhala, Tanuja Bakul Javadekar, and Sandeep Om Nanda. "Phenotypic Pattern of Vibrio choleraeIsolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat, India." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2020/44130.13947.
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Introduction: Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V.cholerae). Based on antigenic differences of O antigen, O1 serogroup can be divided into three serotypes. In addition, by performing various biochemical reactions, O1 Serogroup can be differentiated into two biotypes. Outbreaks of Cholera occur seasonally. It is associated with monsoon season, warm temperature, heavy rainfall and increased plankton population. Aim: The aim was to determine the trends in resistance pattern and phenotypic Pattern of Vibrio cholerae. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted during the period from June 2019-December 2019. Culture of Stool specimens were done on different agar media. Biotyping was done by conventional methods. Serotyping and phage typing was also done along with the Antibiotic susceptibility testing. Descriptive analysis was used and presented in terms of percentage. Results:V.cholerae was isolated in 72 patients and they belonged to serogroup O1 and biotype El Tor. The most common serotype was Ogawa. The predominant phage type were T2 by old scheme and T27 by new scheme of phage typing. The maximum number of V. cholerae isolates was seen in the month of November, 2019 followed by October, 2019. Conclusion: The phenotypic pattern and fluctuating seasonal trend of V. cholerae and antimicrobial resistance encourage the continued epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of the disease.
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Mahendra, Trivedi. "Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield Treatment." http://www.esciencecentral.org, June 30, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.813827.
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Global emergence of Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) displays a mechanism of resistance to all existing antimicrobials. Due to its strong ability to acquire resistance, there is a need of some alternative treatment strategy. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number. Two sets of ATCC samples were taken in this experiment and denoted as A and B. ATCC-A sample was revived and divided into two groups (Gr) i.e. Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, ATCC-B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized). Gr.II and III were given biofield treatment and were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system before and after treatment. Parameters studied in experiment were antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotype number of both control and treatment groups using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Experimental results showed antimicrobials such as cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, tetracycline, and tobramycin showed altered sensitivity and MIC values in treated group as compared to control. Biochemical reactions showed positive reaction in malonate, melibiose, nitrate, galactosidase, ornithine, raffinose, sorbitol, sucrose, tobramycin and Voges-Proskauer in Gr.II. Arabinose, colistin, glucose, and rhaminose also showed positive reactions in Gr.II on day 10 while arginine and cetrimide showed negative reaction in Gr.III as compared to control. Biochemical tests results revealed a change in biotype number in Gr.II (34101173, day 5), (77103177, a very rare biotype on day 10) and Gr.III (40000043) as compared to control (02041722). Organism was identified as Enterobacter cloacae (GrII, day 10) and Vibrio fluvialis (Gr.III, day 10) with respect to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment made significant alteration in sensitivity pattern, MIC values, and biotype number of P. fluorescens. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.
Części książek na temat "Biotyping Introduction"
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Vaňhara, Petr, Lukáš Moráň, Lukáš Pečinka, et al. "Intact Cell Mass Spectrometry for Embryonic Stem Cell Biotyping." In Mass Spectrometry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95074.
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Stem cells represent a unique cell type that is capable of self-renewal and differentiation into somatic cell types. Since the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, enormous potential has been recognized for disease modeling, drug development and regenerative medicine. Both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, hence they are naturally prone to respond to various differentiation stimuli. These inherent cellular fluctuations, which can result in risky phenotypic instability, must be addressed prior to introduction of these cells to human medicine, since they represent one of the major biosafety obstacles in the development of bio-industrial or clinical-grade stem cell cultures. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for novel robust, feasible and sensitive methods for determination and confirmation of the otherwise identical cells status, as well as for the detection of hidden divergences from their optimal state. A method of choice can be the intact cell mass spectrometry. Here we show how it can be applied in routine quality control of embryonic stem cell cultures.