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Sinnappan, Santhidran, Yen Jin Yee, Nair GV i Sharon Wilson. "Slimming the body: slimming ads, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders". Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 22, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol22no2.6.
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This study aimed to examine the perceived effects of media exposure of body slimming advertisements on body dissatisfaction and the tendency for eating disorders in a sample of adult women in Malaysia. This study examined two aspects: (a) the level of media exposure to slimming advertisements (media exposure), and (b) the tendency of respondents to make body comparisons with models in slimming advertisements (media body comparisons). Participants were 419 young women (18 – 39 years old) living in Kuala Lumpur. Correlation coefficients showed that media exposure and media body comparisons were positively associated with body dissatisfaction and eating disorders tendency. The findings suggest that mass media play a role by providing slim images that young women in Kuala Lumpur tend to emulate and adopt western cultural ideals of body image and the desire for a thinner body type.
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Amalia, Lia. "Citra Tubuh (Body Image) Remaja Perempuan". Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, nr 4 (29.10.2007): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.54.441-464.
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A socio,cultural component has long been blamed for the excessive concern with the appearance of women. Typically, the media is blamed for creating an impossible thin ideal as a model for women to emulate, and such images in magazines and on TV have been cast as the cause of widespread use of excessive dieting and eating disorders to achieve the "unachievable". The onset of theses two diseases typically occur during early adolescence or early adulthood when most young women are not only susceptible to cultural pressure for thinness and whiteness but also likely to be heavily involved with, and influenced by the mass media. This point may help explain how cultural images of one's reference group, may constitute an inescapable group that can have negative consequences as it is incorporated into local culture. The susceptibility to these pressures and influences from the media is believed to be heightened because of the fact that intense preoccupied with appearance and identity development characterizes adolescent girls.
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Marshall, Catherine, Christina Lengyel i Alphonsus Utioh. "Body Dissatisfaction: Among Middle-aged and Older Women". Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 73, nr 2 (lipiec 2012): e241-e241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/73.2.2012.e241.
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With the growing pervasiveness of mass media, individuals of all ages and both sexes are bombarded with images that glorify youthfulness, messages that tie self-worth to thinness, and products that promise youth and beauty forever. Aging women are vulnerable to these societal messages and experience strong pressures to maintain their youth and thinness. As the physiological changes that accompany normal aging move these women farther from the “ideal” image, body dissatisfaction may increase. These women are confronted with the impossible task of trying to defy the natural process of aging through a variety of means, including fashion, cosmetics, selective surgeries, and personal food choices. The resulting body image issues, weight preoccupation, and eating disturbances can lead to voluntary food restriction, depression, social withdrawal, lower self-esteem, and disordered eating, all of which can have a negative impact on quality of life and nutritional status. In this review we explore existing research on body dissatisfaction among middle-aged (30 to 60) and older (over 60) women, discuss the prevalence of body dissatisfaction, its predisposing risk factors, and the resulting eating and body maintenance behaviours, and examine implications for dietetic practice.
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Cevnik, Lucija. "The impact of value orientations on body image and the use of physical beauty practices by young women in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia". Sociologija 58, nr 1 (2016): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1601053c.
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This work deals with the assessment of the impact of value orientations on body image and the use of physical beauty practices by young women in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. The transitional course of events as well as the historical, cultural and religious differences of each country have also left their mark on the role and position of women in each of the countries. This research deals with how much modernization did, in terms of modernization theory (Inglehart and Welzel, 2007), through a system of dominant value orientations the use of the media and cultural features of the countries analysed, influenced the differences in the perception and understanding of the female body, which is reflected in the body image of women and the use of physical beauty practices. We analyse the impact of the factors (values, media influence, sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI)) on body image and the use of physical beauty practices by young women in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. The results did not confirm a direct impact on body image values, however, the value orientations were shown to be a relevant factor of the media impact and the use of beauty practices. Body image was also statistically significantly influenced by BMI and some sociodemographic factors (education, wealth). A significant impact of sociodemographic factors (size of place of residence, education, wealth) on values and physical practices was also proven.
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Syafrini, Delmira. "PEREMPUAN DALAM JERATAN EKSPLOITASI MEDIA MASSA". Humanus 13, nr 1 (30.06.2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v13i1.4093.
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Exploitation of women now comes in new faces; through the mass media. Media currently has a dual role, like two sides of a coin, on one side the media serves as a mediator for the improvement and progress of the nation, on the other side contributes to the suppression of media for the benefit of market capitalism toward consumer culture women once again being the subject of image construction. Expansion of the market and the mass media can not be separated from the flow of consumerism, because the mass media (particularly advertising on television) is an extension of the market to boost sales of industrial products in the form of imagery that originates from the "mode of production". Through the process of meaning people are affected by the image created by the market and advertisement that increase their consumptive behavior. Here begins the role of advertising in blurring the identity as the supporting tool of consumerism, therefore those who identify themselves as modern men are no longer themselves but apparently no more than "Robot Man" impersonator without original identity, the principle of life pawned in the name of modernity. Women are vying to look beautiful, to buy up all whitening products, hair straightener tools, body slimming drugs, making them "Paranoid" who are restless because being haunted by old age. Actually they are aware of the exploitation, but enjoy it on the pretext of style and fashion.Key words: women, exploitation, mass media
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Johnson, Erica R., Olivia Affuso, Emily B. Levitan, Tiffany L. Carson i Monica L. Baskin. "Body image and dissatisfaction among rural Deep South African American women in a weight loss intervention". Journal of Health Psychology 24, nr 9 (luty 2017): 1167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317694489.
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Body image perception may impact health-promoting behaviors as well as knowledge regarding health risks associated with obesity. Our cross-sectional analysis evaluated body image and its association with body mass index among overweight and obese treatment-seeking African American women ( N = 409). Differences between current and desired body image were captured using the Pulvers scale. Results indicated the presence of body image dissatisfaction among participants (median = 2.00, interquartile range: 2.00–3.00), with greater dissatisfaction observed at higher categories of body mass index. Additionally, receiver operating curves demonstrated the ability of the Pulvers scale to correctly identify participants classified by body mass index. Further research is needed to identify factors that influence body image perception.
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Zhang, Meng. "A Chinese beauty story: how college women in China negotiate beauty, body image, and mass media". Chinese Journal of Communication 5, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2012.723387.
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Madanat, Hala N., Ralph B. Brown i Steven R. Hawks. "The impact of body mass index and Western advertising and media on eating style, body image and nutrition transition among Jordanian women". Public Health Nutrition 10, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007666713.
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AbstractObjectivesTo identify the impact of body mass index (BMI) and Western advertising and media on the stage of the nutrition transition among Jordanian women, and to evaluate their impact on eating styles and body image.DesignA randomised cross-sectional survey that included a variety of culturally measured Likert-type scales and body size images. In addition, BMI was calculated based on measured height and weight.SettingIn the homes of the participants. The data were collected by female interviewers who worked for the Jordan Department of Statistics.SubjectsThe sample was based on a random and representative selection of 800 mostly urban Jordanian women. A pre-test sample of 100 women was also used to validate the instruments.ResultsWomen tended to agree that they ate based on emotional cues. They had high levels of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours and 42.1% were considered restrained eaters. However, these women also had higher than expected body esteem levels and desired a healthy body size. As expected, being obese was associated with a desire to lose weight, being a restrained and emotional eater, and having more disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. Similarly, Western advertising and media were associated with restrained and emotional eating, desired weight loss, and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours.ConclusionsThere is a need to develop health education materials that explain the influence of obesity on health and the negative psychological and physical consequences of restrained and emotional eating, building on the current cultural preferences of healthy body size. Further implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Mann, Susan, i Helen Harmer. "Can Health and Wellbeing Come in All Shapes and Sizes? Dieting: The Big Con. A Harm Minimisation Program". Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, nr 2 (2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02025.
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Stress, low self-esteem, mental illness issues and physical debility are recognised outcomes for women striving for an ideal body image (Paxton 2000). However, the prevailing discourse remains that healthy lifestyle relates to specific body size and shape. This message is evident throughout the media, which clearly links healthy people to slim bodies imbued with youth, vitality and good looks. Community health nurses, concerned for women in the community who were deemed overweight by the Body Mass Index scale and engaged in cyclic patterns of dieting, initiated a health promotion program, aimed at challenging such discourse. A multidisciplinary group involving expertise from nursing, nutrition, psychology and community members was established to develop and run a program for women, which focused on body image, healthy lifestyles and eating patterns. This paper discusses the outcomes of these programs, which challenge the argument that body size and shape determines health.
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Jackson, Todd, Chengcheng Jiang i Hong Chen. "Associations between Chinese/Asian versus Western mass media influences and body image disturbances of young Chinese women". Body Image 17 (czerwiec 2016): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.007.
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Saules, Karen K., Amy S. Collings, Ashley A. Wiedemann i Shannon L. Fowler. "The Relationship of Body Image to Body Mass Index and Binge Eating: The Role of Cross-Situational Body Image Dissatisfaction versus Situational Reactivity". Psychological Reports 104, nr 3 (czerwiec 2009): 909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.3.909-921.
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Although body image is often conceptualized as a trait, there is growing recognition of situational influences. It was hypothesized that college women whose body image was more reactive to situational influences would be more likely to experience adverse weight-related outcomes, including obesity and binge eating behavior. In a pilot study, vignettes were rated to yield a range of situational body image ratings, and the three vignettes that captured the full range (lowest, median, and highest ratings) were used in the main study. In the main study, 138 female undergraduates ( M = 19.5 yr., SD = 1.9; 74.6% “White or Caucasian”) completed a survey that included the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns–Revised. They also provided Body Image State Scale ratings in response to three vignettes drawn from the pilot study. Body image “reactivity” was defined as the range over which body image scores varied for a given participant (standard deviation of the means). Contrary to predictions, overall body dissatisfaction across situations—but not situational reactivity—was related to higher BMI, greater likelihood of binge eating, and higher depression. Results suggest when body image dissatisfaction is relatively impervious to situational influences, it may be a risk factor for disordered eating behavior, whereas body image dissatisfaction that is responsive to situational influences appears to be less pathognomonic.
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MUSAIGER, ABDULRAHMAN O., i MARIAM AL-MANNAI. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO MEDIA AND BODY WEIGHT CONCERN AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FIVE ARAB COUNTRIES: A PRELIMINARY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY". Journal of Biosocial Science 46, nr 2 (12.06.2013): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000278.
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SummaryMass media play an important role in changing body image. This study aimed to determine the role of media (magazines and television) in body weight concern among university females in five Arab countries. A total sample of 1134 female university students was selected at convenience from universities in five Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Syria. The females' ages ranged from 17 to 32. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the exposure to mass media regarding weight concerns. For the variables on exposure to mass media, girls were divided into two groups: infrequently exposed and frequently exposed. In general, the females who were exposed to mass media had a greater risk of having dieted to lose weight and changing their ideas of a perfect body shape than those who were not exposed or infrequently exposed. The association of exposure to magazines with having dieted to lose weight was only significant among females in Bahrain (p<0.044), Egypt (p<0.001) and Jordan (p<0.001). Exposure to television had a weaker association than exposure to magazines with body weight concerns of females. The association of exposure to television with females' idea of a perfect body shape was only statistically significant in females in Egypt (p<0.019) and Oman (p<0.019). The pressure from mass media on the body weight concern of female university students may lead these women to practise unhealthy weight control diets.
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Ferris, Julie E. "Parallel Discourses and “Appropriate” Bodies: Media Constructions of Anorexia and Obesity in the Cases of Tracey Gold and Carnie Wilson". Journal of Communication Inquiry 27, nr 3 (lipiec 2003): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859903252848.
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Mass media images of gender, beauty, and women have been at the heart of many feminist arguments about the need for change in our understanding of gender and the role it plays in our day-to-day existence. The role of a body, much like the role of a woman, is also negotiated between the pages and airwaves of a popular culture that precariously favors particular excessive behaviors and norms. A textual analysis of the popular press discourse surrounding two bodies, prominently defined in popular culture, demonstrates specific rhetorical strategies at work in the construction of the “appropriate” cultural body. This article explores how these two bodies are positioned at the border of cultural intelligibility and how these bodies, acting as discourse themselves, speak to culture and reify their positions on the margins.
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Bould, Helen, Rebecca Carnegie, Heather Allward, Emily Bacon, Emily Lambe, Megan Sapseid, Katherine S. Button i in. "Effects of exposure to bodies of different sizes on perception of and satisfaction with own body size: two randomized studies". Royal Society Open Science 5, nr 5 (maj 2018): 171387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171387.
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Body dissatisfaction is prevalent among women and associated with subsequent obesity and eating disorders. Exposure to images of bodies of different sizes has been suggested to change the perception of ‘normal’ body size in others. We tested whether exposure to different-sized (otherwise identical) bodies changes perception of own and others' body size, satisfaction with body size and amount of chocolate consumed. In Study 1, 90 18–25-year-old women with normal BMI were randomized into one of three groups to complete a 15 min two-back task using photographs of women either of ‘normal weight’ (Body Mass Index (BMI) 22–23 kg m −2 ), or altered to appear either under- or over-weight. Study 2 was identical except the 96 participants had high baseline body dissatisfaction and were followed up after 24 h. We also conducted a mega-analysis combining both studies. Participants rated size of others' bodies, own size, and satisfaction with size pre- and post-task. Post-task ratings were compared between groups, adjusting for pre-task ratings. Participants exposed to over- or normal-weight images subsequently perceived others' bodies as smaller, in comparison to those shown underweight bodies ( p < 0.001). They also perceived their own bodies as smaller (Study 1, p = 0.073; Study 2, p = 0.018; mega-analysis, p = 0.001), and felt more satisfied with their size (Study 1, p = 0.046; Study 2, p = 0.004; mega-analysis, p = 0.006). There were no differences in chocolate consumption. This study suggests that a move towards using images of women with a BMI in the healthy range in the media may help to reduce body dissatisfaction, and the associated risk of eating disorders.
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Guralp, Onur, Susan M. Sheridan, Josephine Harter, James Louis Hinshaw, Songwon Seo, Ellen M. Hartenbach, Steven Lindheim, Sarah Stewart i David M. Kushner. "A New Diagnostic Test for Endometrial Cancer?: Cytology Analysis of Sonohysterography Distention Media". International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 23, nr 7 (wrzesień 2013): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e31829fe8f6.
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ObjectiveDuring saline-infused sonohysterography (SIS), the distension fluid is typically discarded. If cytology analysis could identify those patients with endometrial cancer, many women would be spared from further procedures.MethodsThirty consecutive patients with clinical stage I or II endometrial adenocarcinoma were prospectively recruited preoperatively. Saline-infused sonohysterography was performed by instilling 5 mL of saline, withdrawing and sending for analysis. Saline was reinfused until complete SIS images were obtained and sent separately for cytology.ResultsOf the 30 women enrolled, SIS was technically successful in 29. Demographics included mean age (60.5 ± 6.99 years), body mass index (35.55 ± 8.18 kg/m2), endometrioid histology (76%), and grade (grade 1, 67%). Prestudy diagnostic method included biopsy (70%), dilatation and curettage (17%), and hysteroscopy (10%). Adequate cytology specimens were obtained in 66% of the 5 mL flushes and 72% of the complete SIS collections. Of adequate specimens, the sensitivities to detect endometrial cancer for the 5-mL, complete, and combined fluid samples were 26% (95% confidence interval, 9%–51%), 36% (17%–59%), and 42% (22%–63%). Sensitivity based on the whole study sample (N = 30) was 33% (17%–53%). Statistical significance was not found in the association between a positive test and age, body mass index, grade, diagnostic method, or volume instilled or aspirated.ConclusionsMost patients with early endometrial cancer can undergo SIS procedures with adequate cytology specimens obtained from distention media. However, the sensitivity is low, and refinements are necessary before utilizing as a diagnostic test. In cases with positive results, the patient may be able to avoid other costly and painful procedures.
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Tanner, Makenna, James LeCheminant, Emily Patten i Ron Hager. "Body Fat, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Carotid Artery Thickness Among Older Adults Participating in the Senior Games". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (czerwiec 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_055.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the relationship among body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness, and carotid artery thickness in a large group of older adults. Methods Data were collected at the Huntsman World Senior Games held in St. George, Utah between 2016–2019. Participants visited the Dixie Convention Center (St. George, UT) for free health screenings associated with the Games. The data were cross-sectional; for repeat participants only the most recent results were analyzed. The measures of interest for this study included: body fat, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (predicted VO2max), and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT). Body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance. BMI was calculated via weight (kg) and height (m2). Predicted VO2max was calculated at rest using a heart rate monitor and the validated Polar fitness test. CIMT was obtained via images of the right and left carotid arteries, visualized and captured with a portable diagnostic ultrasound system. Differences by sex were determined using independent t-tests. Multiple regression was used to examine associations between measures. Results For this analysis, 649 participants (232 women; 326 men; 68.13 ± 8.71 y, 25.15 ± 4.92 kg/m2) were included. Women had a higher body fat percentage than men (32.00 vs. 22.42%) (t < 0.0001). However, men had a significantly higher BMI (26.28 vs. 24.01 kg/m2) and cardiorespiratory fitness (40.22 vs. 38.82 ml/kg/min) (t < 0.05) than women. Accounting for age and sex, body fat % significantly predicted CIMT thickness (P < 0.05) but BMI (P = 0.0853) and cardiorespiratory fitness did not predict CIMT thickness (P > 0.05). Conclusions CIMT thickness appears to be related to body fat percentage among older adults. Subsequent studies could examine how reduction in body fat changes CIMT thickness and how that influences risk of chronic disease, such as stroke. Funding Sources There was no funding for this project.
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Lewis, Vivien J., Alan J. Blair i David A. Booth. "Outcome of Group Therapy for Body-Image Emotionality and Weight-Control Self-Efficacy". Behavioural Psychotherapy 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300016931.
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Long-term maintenance of weight loss is generally poor after clinical interventions, whether behavioural, cognitive-behavioural, dietary, pharmacological or surgical. This may be because self-assertion regarding body shape and self-efficacy in weight control are insufficiently encouraged in clients. Semi-structured group therapy sessions with written handouts were therefore designed to strengthen personal effectiveness and self-esteem. The therapy sessions also provided information about successful dieting behaviour, and encouragement of less switching between dieting strategies, less emotional eating, and more resistance to inappropriate social pressures. The clients were 24 women with a median (range) Body Mass Index of 28.9 (24.6–48.5) kg/m2, referred by their General Practitioners or self-referred. They participated in eight weekly therapeutic sessions in four groups and were followed up six months after the final session. There were large improvements during therapy in reported self-esteem, emotional overeating, personal effectiveness and self-efficacy, habit variation, and attitudes to body-size, improvements which were maintained at follow-up. In addition, there was a significant loss of body weight during therapy, with further loss observed at follow-up. Thus it is practicable to achieve marked reductions in professed problems with body image and eating control, changes that are theoretically necessary to empower clients to choose appropriate weight targets and to make progress towards them.
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Merenkov, Anatoly. "In-Demand Body in Representations of Pupils". Logos et Praxis, nr 3 (grudzień 2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.9.
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The article considers the ideas of young people aged 16–17 about the requirements of modern society to the external characteristics of the body, internal qualities of a person on the basis of empirical research. The objectives of the study were to identify opinions about what requirements are imposed by modern society to the external characteristics of the male and female body at this age, what practices are used to make the body attractive to people around, representatives of the other sex. The opinions of those moral and aesthetic qualities, the presence of which provides the inner beauty of a person were pointed out. The author determines the influence of social networks, media personalities on the formation of the image of the body desired by young people. In 2019, 200 students of 10–11 grades of secondary schools in Ekaterinburg, which is a major industrial and cultural center of the country, were interviewed by a questionnaire method. Significant differences in the ideas of young people about what kind of body they consider to be in demand were found. According to respondents, the male body has fewer requirements than the female one. The main indicator of its outer attractiveness is the pronounced muscle mass created by regular sports activities. The inclusion of women in active labor, social activities did not lead to the approval of new ideas about her appearance. She, as before, should be attractive, regardless of what she does at work, at home, where she appears in public places. The main factors influencing the formation of ideas about the outer attractiveness of the male and female body were revealed: personal beliefs, social networks, images of media personalities. Men do not have a clearly expressed direction for constant self-improvement in order to construct themselves as healthy, with developed skills of mental activity, culturally communicative persons. Representatives of the female sex appreciate, much higher than the male, the qualities that determine the inner beauty of a person: mental abilities, the ability to behave correctly with different people, strong will, patience, responsibility. There is a danger of gender conflict intensifying in the future. Girls will have difficulties in finding partners corresponding to the level of development of their knowledge, skills, latitude of thought. They are more willing to actively participate in the social and economic and social and cultural development of a dynamically changing society.
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Lanoy, Emilie, Sami Antoun, Roberto Iacovelli, Laurence Albiges, Yohann Loriot, Mansouriah Merad, Karim Fizazi, Mario Di Palma, Vickie E. Baracos i Bernard J. Escudier. "Prognostic role of body composition parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2012): 4621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.4621.
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4621 Background: Previous studies have shown that body component i.e. muscle tissue (MT) and adipose tissue (AT) are linked to overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The aim of our study is to analyze whether MT and AT have a prognostic role in metastatic RCC treated with targeted therapy. Methods: We investigated body mass index (BMI), MT and AT in RCC pts. Analysis of CT image was used to evaluate cross-sectional areas (cm2) of total AT (TAT), MT, and the grey level image (GLI) of MT, reflecting physical properties of the scanned tissue and used as a proxy to describe the quality of muscle. The 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) was chosen as a landmark since L3 and whole-body measurements are linearly related. Images were analyzed using Slice-O-Matic software V4.3 (Tomovision). Indexed on height MT (cm2/m2), indexed on height TAT (cm2/m2) and mean GLI of MT were computed and described stratified on sex. For each measurement, population was divided in two groups: patients with values < or >= median observed in patient of the same gender and OS and PFS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were adjusted for modified MSKCC risk group and treatment (active versus placebo). Results: There were 113 men aged of 60 (interquartile range=52-56) years with BMI of 26 (24-29) kg2/m2 and 36 women aged of 58 (54-65) years with BMI of 23 (20-26) kg2/m2. After adjustment for MSKCC (OS and PFS) and active treatment (PFS), GLI of MT over the median was associated with longer OS (HR=1.85, 95%CI=[1.22;2.82], p=.004) and PFS (HR=1.81, 95%CI=[1.22;2.65], p=.002) Conclusions: Quality of muscular tissue is independently associated with better outcome in RCC. Surprisingly, adipose tissue as well as BMI is not associated with survival in this study. [Table: see text]
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Susanti, Dede, i Kholil Lur Rochman. "ANALISIS TERHADAP KOMODIFIKASI TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM IKLAN ES KRIM MAGNUM VERSI PINK & BLACK". KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 10, nr 2 (1.03.2017): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.944.
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The woman’s body in the advertising world today used as a commodity in the public interest. In the space of capitalism, women became a profitable commodity handful of parties. In the world of advertising, women became an object to conquer the commercial market. “Body” and the expression of women explored massif to give the impression that support a variety of image ads. Researchers chose Magnum ice cream ad version of Pink and Black as advertisements analyzed because the message conveyed in these ads are more creative and taking pictures with the reversal of the model in repeated up to three times this can build imagination in sex. This research was conducted through qualitative approach with descriptive research. Source of the data obtained is Video ads Magnum ice cream Pink and Black, the production of PT (Walls) Unilever. In addition, data obtained also from official data: books, journals, papers, articles, and research results preexisting relevant to this study. The theory used in this research is the theory of Marxism commodification. Results The study confirmed that the female body attractiveness is always used as a commodity which is able to accumulate capital or generate profits. Because the woman is a very big market in the media industry which is believed to strengthen the advertising message. The concept of commodification in the ad Magnum ice cream version of Pink and Black itself is using her sex appeal with the intention to attract public attention to generate suggestions sexual show some fragments of the body’s vital to be ‘exclusive’ shown by visualization of the reversal of the model is carried out three times in playback ads. As well as other forms of commodification that is the commodification of content wherethe content / message in the form of sexual material and includes images of the model with a sensual pose, commodification audiences in this ad arepeople who consume products produced by media. And lastly commodification of workers who could hire them in the activities of production and distribution by the capital owners. Tubuh perempuan dalam dunia periklanan masa kini dijadikan sebagai komoditas dalam menarik perhatian publik. Dalam ruang kapitalisme, perempuan menjadi komoditas yang menguntungkan segelintir pihak. Di jagat iklan, perempuan menjadi objek untuk menaklukkan pasar komersial. “Tubuh” dan ekspresi perempuan dieksplorasi secara massif untuk memberi berbagai kesan yang mendukung citra iklan. Peneliti memilih iklan es krim Magnum versi Pink and Black sebagai iklan yang dianalisis karena pesan yang disampaikan dalam iklan tersebut lebih kreatif dan terdapat pengambilan gambar dengan penjungkirbalikan sang model yang di ulang sampai tiga kali ini dapat membangun imajinasi dalam seks. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data yang diperoleh adalah Video iklan es krim Magnum Pink and Black, produksi PT (Walls) Unilever. Selain itu, data yang diperoleh juga dari data resmi: buku, jurnal, makalah, artikel, dan hasil penelitian yang sudah ada sebelumnya yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori komodifikasi Marxisme. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kemolekan tubuh perempuan selalu dijadikan komoditas yang mampu mengakumulasi modal atau menghasilkan keuntungan. Karena perempuan adalah pasar yang sangat besar dalam industri media yang dipercaya mampu menguatkan pesan iklan. Konsep komodifikasi dalam iklan es krim Magnum versi Pink and Black ini sendiri yaitu menggunakan daya tarik seks dengan maksud menarik perhatiankhalayak.
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Handayani, Diah. "Political Identity, Popular Culture, and Ideological Coercion: The Discourses of Feminist Movement in the Report of Ummi Magazine". Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.051-08.
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This research examines the rise of Islamic populism in Indonesia and understands it as an instrument to clear a new pathway for populism movement into popular culture. Ummi magazine is one of the religious media used to be political vehicles of stablishing constituencies, especially for the Tarbiyah movement in the Soeharto era to the current tendency to popularize the Tarbiyah identity as a new lifestyle. Historically, The Tarbiyah movement in Indonesia is a social and political movement among Indonesian Muslimah students, especially activists in the Suharto period. Muslim middle class entrepreneurs launched a campaign of ‘economic jihad. This research uses a qualitative approach by interpreting and studying the data contained in Ummi Magazine. Media studies were carried out in the January 2017 to 2018 editions. The data obtained were described and associated with the magazine's transformation as an ideological medium and Muslim women's lifestyle today. The result shows that the magazine's transformation from ideology magazine to lifestyle magazine can influence readers because there are more new readers. Whether Ummi as a media for da'wah and a women's magazine, it is still perceived by the readers to apply ideological coercion or simply provide an alternative lifestyle or consumption where religious independence is the main characteristic of the magazine. We argue that Islamic populism is mainly a medium for coercion ideology to gain tracks to power, while the poor remain as ‘floating mass’, and entrapped in many so-called 'empowerment' projects. Populism can be interpreted as a communication style in which a group of politicians considers themselves to represent the people’s interests contrasted with elite interests. Nevertheless, the populism approach is gaining momentum. Abdullah, I. (1996). Tubuh, Kesehatan, dan Struktur yang Melemahkan Wanita. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Bulanan. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM.Al-Abani, S. M. N. (1999). Jilbab Wanita Muslimah. Pustaka At-Tibyan.Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of Modern Debate. Yale University Press.Al-Ghifari, A. (2005). Kerudung Gaul, Berjilbab Tapi Telanjang. Mujahid Press.Armbrust, W. (2000). ‘Introduction’, Mass Mediation: New Approaches to Popular Culture In The Middle East and Beyond. University California Press.Askew, K. (2002). ‘Introduction’, The Anthropology of Media: A Reader.Blackwell.Astuti, S. N. A. . (2005). Membaca Kelompok Berjilbab Sebagai Komunitas Sub Kultur. Universitas Gadjah Mada.BPS. (2017). Statistika Pendapatan. BPS Publication. Banet-Weiser, S. (2006). “I just want to be me again!”: Beauty pageants, reality television and post-feminism. Feminist Theory, 7(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700106064423Banna, H. (2011). Majmu’ah Rasail Al Iman As Syahid (Risalah Pergerakan Ikhawanul Muslimin. Era Intermedia. Barthel, D. (1976) . The Impact of Colonialism on Women’s Status in Senegal.Ph.D Dissertation, Harvard University.Barthes, R. (1977). Image, Music, Text. Fortana Press.Bertrand, I., & Hughes, P. (2005). Media Research Methods: Audiences, Institutions, Texts. Palgrave Mecmillan.Bordo, S. (1995). Unbearable Weight : Feminism, Western Culture, and The Body. University of California Press.Branner, S. (1995). Why Women Rule the Roost: Rethiking Javanese Ideologies of Gender and Self-Control. In Bewitching Women, Pioner Men. University of California Press.______. (1996). ‘Reconstructing Self and Society, Javannese Muslim Women and The Veil’. American Ethnologist.Bruneinessen, M. v. (2002). ‘Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia’. South East Asian Research. Champagne, J. (2004). Jilbab Gaul. Bali. Latitudes, 46, 114-123.Damanik, A. S. (2000). Fenomena Partai Keadilan: Transformasi 20 Tahun Gerakan Tarbiyah di Indonesia. Mizan.Durkin, K. (1985). Television and Sex Role Acquisition I: Content’. British Journal of Social Psycology, 24, 102-113.Effendi, B. (2003). ‘Islam Politik Pasca Suharto’. Refleksi, 5(2).El-Guindi, F. (1991). Veil, Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance. Berg.Frederick, W. H. (1982). Rhoma Irama and The Dangdut Style: Aspects of Contemporary Indonesian Popular Culture. Indonesia, 34, 103-130.Featherstone, M. (2001). The Body in Consumer Culture. In The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory. SAGE Publication.Foucault, M. (1981). The Order of Discourse. Routledge and Keagon Paul.Fukuyama, F. (2018). Against Identity Politics. Foreign Affairs, Sptember/October, 1-25.Gough, Y. A. (2003). Understanding Women Magazine. Routledge.Gautlett, D. (2002). Media, Gender, and Identity: An Introduction. Routledge.Geetzt, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Culture. Verso.Gill, R. (2009). Mediated Intimacy and Post Feminism: a Discourse Analytic Examination of Sex and Relationship advice in Woman’s Magazine. Discourse and Communication Journal, 3(4), 345-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481309343870Gramsci, A. (1992). Selection from The Prison on Notebooks. International Publisher.Gorham, B. W. (2004). The Social Psychology of Stereotypes: Implications for Media Audiences. In Race/Gender/Media: Considering Diversity Across Audiences, Content, and Producers. Pearson.Hall, S. (1997). The Work Of Representation. In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. SAGE Publication.Handayani, D. (2014). Performatifitas Muslimah dalam Majalah Ummi. At-Tabsyir. Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, 2(1), 73-98. http://doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v2i1.461.Hanifah, U. (2011). Konstruksi Ideologi Gender pada Majalah Wanita (Analisis Wacana Kritis Majalah Ummi). KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunkasi, 5(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v5i2.170Imdadun, R. (2005). Arus Baru Iislam Radikal: Transmisi, Revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesiaan. Erlangga.Itzin, C.(1986). Media Images of Women: The Social Construction of Ageism and Sexism. In Feminist Social Psycology: Developing Theory and Practice. Milton Keynes. Open University Press.Kailani, N. (2008). Budaya Populer Islam di Indonesia: Jaringan Dakwah Foru Lingkar Pena. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 2(3). Kellner, D. (1995). Cultural Studies, Identities and Politics Between The Modern and Postmodern. Routledge.Machmudi, Y. (2006). Islamizing Indonesia: The Rise of Jamaah Tarbiyah and The Presperous Justice Party (PKS). PhD Dissertation, Australia National University.Maulidiyah, L. (2014). Wacana Relasi Gender Suami Istri dalam Keluarga Muslim di Majalah Wanita Muslim Indonesia. Universitas Airlangga.Parihatin, A. (2004). Ideologi Revivalisme Islam dalam Majalah Perempuan Islam (Analisis Wacana pada Majalah Ummi). Universitas Indonesia. Qadarawi, Y. (2004). Al Islamu wal Fannu. Islam Bicara Seni. Era Intermedia. Qutb, S. (1980). Ma’alim fi Al Tariq (Petunjuk Jalan-Milestone). Media Dakwah.Rozak, A. (2008). Citra Perempuan dalam Majalah Wanita Islam UMMI. Jurnal Penelitian Agama. VXII(2), 332-354.Storey, J. (2010). Culture and Power in Cultural Studies: The Politics of Signification. Edinburg University Press.Ulfa, N. M. (2016). Dakwah Melalui Media Cetak (Analisis Isi Rubrik Mutiara Islam Majalah Ummi). Islamic Communication Journal, 1(1), 73-89.
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Stachowicz, Norbert, Agata Smoleń, Michał Ciebiera, Tomasz Łoziński, Paweł Poziemski, Dariusz Borowski i Artur Czekierdowski. "Risk Assessment of Endometrial Hyperplasia or Endometrial Cancer with Simplified Ultrasound-Based Scoring Systems". Diagnostics 11, nr 3 (4.03.2021): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030442.
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Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) represents a common diagnostic challenge, as it might be related to both benign and malignant conditions. Endometrial cancer may not be detected with blind uterine cavity sampling by dilatation and curettage or suction devices. Several scoring systems using different ultrasound image characteristics were recently proposed to estimate the risk of endometrial cancer (EC) in women with AUB. Aim: The aim of the present study was to externally validate the predictive value of the recently proposed scoring systems including the Risk of Endometrial Cancer scoring model (REC) for EC risk stratification. Material and methods: It was a retrospective cohort study of women with postmenopausal bleeding. From June 2012 to June 2020 we studied a group of 394 women who underwent standard transvaginal ultrasound examination followed by power Doppler intrauterine vascularity assessment. Selected ultrasound features of endometrial lesions were assessed in each patient. Results: The median age was 60.3 years (range ± 10.7). The median body mass index (BMI) was 30.4 (range ± 6.0). Histological examination revealed 158 cases of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and 236 cases of EC. Of the studied ultrasound endometrial features, the highest areas under the curve (AUCs) were found for endometrial thickness (ET) (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.71–0.81) and for interrupted endomyometrial junction (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.65–0.75). Selected scoring systems presented moderate to good predictive performance in differentiating EC and EH. The highest AUC was found for REC model (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70–0.79) and for the basic model that included ET, Doppler score and interrupted endometrial junction (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.73–0.82). REC model was more accurate than other scoring systems and selected single features for differentiating benign hyperplasia from EC at early stages, regardless of menopausal status. Conclusions: New scoring systems, including the REC model may be used in women with AUB for more efficient differentiation between benign and malignant conditions.
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BATISTA, Adriele Cristine de Freitas. "CAMPANHA PUBLICITÁRIA DE CERVEJA: CONSUMO DO PRODUTO OU DE MULHERES?" REVISTA FUNEC CIENTÍFICA - MULTIDISCIPLINAR - ISSN 2318-5287 9, nr 11 (23.12.2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/rfcm.v9i11.3992.
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Devido ao avanço tecnológico, as mídias são frequentemente acessadas por públicos diversos promovendo maior alcance das mensagens que são veiculadas por essas fontes. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho propõe analisar uma campanha publicitária de cerveja específica e provocar a reflexão sobre como são compreendidas e apresentadas as mulheres participantes no período de veiculação da campanha. Para a realização deste trabalho de cunho qualitativo, foram escolhidos panfletos da campanha publicitária Invenções, produzida pela marca Skol de cerveja, em que mulheres fossem protagonistas nas cenas. Demais panfletos protagonizados por outros personagens não foram selecionados devido à intencionalidade da pesquisa em evidenciar a natureza das mensagens publicitárias, as quais priorizaram um tipo específico de feminilidade. Desse modo, foram selecionados quatro panfletos publicitários que serviram de ilustração para melhor apresentar, descrever e discutir acerca da temática. Como referencial teórico, pautamo-nos na discussão acerca da Sociedade do Espetáculo, discutida por Guy Debord (1991) e em trabalhos recentes que discutem mulher e publicidade. A partir das análises, pudemos confirmar que o produto alcóolico foi por muito tempo estritamente pensado para o público masculino na medida em que suas campanhas tinham um teor apelativo sobre a imagem da mulher, principalmente, quando supervalorizados os corpos femininos com determinado padrão estético, além de ser, frequentemente, submetido à lógica comercial em que mulheres eram compreendidas como um produto a ser comercializado e consumido, assim como a cerveja. Do mais, nota-se que a atribuição de felicidade ao produto esteve assimilada à sensualidade do corpo feminino, demarcando uma satisfação muito próxima ao prazer sexual. Contrária à ideia presente na sedução do consumidor, faz-se importante destacar a mudança ocorrida nas campanhas publicitárias com o advento de movimentos sociais femininos que forçaram um novo posicionamento da publicidade quando se trata da representação da mulher na veiculação de qualquer produto. Por fim, trazemos a importância dos ambientes formais de educação em discutir crítica e reflexivamente as mensagens que são veiculadas pelas mídias.
BEER ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN: PRODUCT OR WOMEN CONSUMPTION?
ABSTRACT
Due to technological advances, media is frequently accessed by a number of audiences, promoting a wider range of messages that are conveyed by those sources. In this view, the present paper suggests a review of a particular beer advertising campaign and encourages critical thinking on how the women participating in the campaign's broadcast period are seen and exposed. For this qualitative work, pamphlets were chosen from the advertising campaign Invenções, produced by the Skol Company, a brand of beer, in which women were the stars at the scenes. Different pamphlets starring other characters were not chosen due to the research aiming at highlighting the nature of advertising messages, which prioritized a specific type of femininity. In this way, four advertising pamphlets were chosen to better illustrate, present, describe, and discuss the issue. As a theoretical framework we are guided by the discussion about the Sociedade do Espetáculo, discussed by Guy Debord (1991), as well as recent studies that discuss women and advertising. Based on the reviews, we were able to validate that the brewing product has been strictly designed for the male audience, in as much as campaigns have an appealing content regarding women’s image, especially when female bodies with a certain aesthetic pattern were overvalued, in addition to being often subjected to the commercial logic in which women were understood and perceived as a product to be sold and consumed, similarly to beer. Furthermore, it should be noted that the feeling of happiness at the product has been related to the sensuality of the female body, involving a satisfaction fairly close to sexual pleasure. Contrary to the present idea of consumer seduction, it is important to highlight the change that occurred in advertising campaigns with the advent of female social movements that forced a new positioning from advertising regarding the representation of women for the broadcasting of any product. Finally, we bring to light the importance of formal education environments to critical thinking discussions of the messages that are conveyed by the media
Keywords: Media. Consumption. Women
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Shoda, Waseem A., i Shereen M. Abdel Wahab. "Autologous breast fibrofatty flaps for immediate breast reconstruction after excision of small cancer mass (<50 mm) improves surgical and aesthetical outcomes and patients’ quality of life". International Surgery Journal 7, nr 12 (27.11.2020): 3894. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205001.
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Background: Evaluation of surgical feasibility, aesthetic outcomes and 6-m postoperative (PO) effect of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using autologous fibrofatty flaps after localized small breast mass excision.Methods: Total 29 women had duct carcinoma of <50 mm in diameter with N1-3 regional lymphadenopathy were studied. Through diamond-shape incision, breast gland was removed with 1 cm circumferential free safety margin, then the medial and lateral fibrofatty flaps were undermined and approximated for IBR. Breast measurements; the nipple-to-suprasternal notch distance and the nipple-to-nipple distance were determined preoperatively and 6-m PO. Quality of life (QoL) evaluation was performed preoperatively and 6-m PO using the short-form-36 (SF-36), the multidimensional body self-relations questionnaire appearance assessment and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer breast cancer-specific QoL questionnaire scores in breast cancer. Results: Mean operative time was 94.5±15.4 min; mean intraoperative blood loss was 170.1±34.9 ml and 25 patients had returned home on the same operative day. Two patients had PO wound seroma and one patient had wound hematoma, but were resolved spontaneously. PO breast measurements showed non-significant differences in comparison to preoperative measurements of the same breast, and to measurements of the contralateral breast. PO evaluation of QoL showed significantly improved PO scoring in line with improved body image and future perspectives, and sexual scores in comparison to preoperative scorings. Conclusions: The applied procedure of localized excision of BC mass of<50 mm with IBR using the breast remnant fibrofatty flaps provided acceptable surgical and esthetical outcomes and allowed improvement of patients’ QoL.
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Khaddour, Karam, Karla Castellanos, Giamila Fantuzzi, Ece Mutlu i Sandra L. Gomez-Perez. "IGF-1 and IL-6 as predictors of sarcopenia in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2019): e15150-e15150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15150.
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e15150 Background: Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) and inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL6) play a role in early carcinogenesis, predict prognosis and response to some therapies in colorectal cancer (CRC), and are altered in patients with sarcopenia. This study examines the association of IGF-1 and IL-6 with sarcopenia in patients with CRC. Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected at diagnosis of non-metastatic CRC (N = 59) and analyzed for serum IGF-1 and IL-6 by ELISA. Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was calculated from cross-sectional image at L3 from computed tomography. Sarcopenia was defined based on published cut points for adults with cancer stratified by body mass index (BMI) as: SMI < 43 cm2/m2 for men and < 41 cm2/m2 for women for normal and underweight; and SMI < 53 cm2/m2 for men and < 41 cm2/m2 for women for overweight and obese. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were reported for patients with sarcopenia versus those without sarcopenia. Spearman and logistic regression were used to examine associations between sarcopenia and serum biomarkers. Results: Median (IQR) age was 62 (49-85). Overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 44% (26/59). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 3% for males (2/59) and 5% for females (3/59) with a BMI < 25 and 27% for males (16/59) and 8% for females (5/59) with a BMI≥25. Median and (IQR) for serum biomarkers in patients with CRC and sarcopenia versus those without sarcopenia were: IGF-1 43 (16) vs. 58.7(27.9) ng/mL (p = 0.007). Correlation between IGF-1 and sarcopenia was (r = -0.4, p = 0.004), but was not statistically significant for IL-6 (r = 0.02, p = 0.88). Both IGF-1 (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.98, p = 0.03) and IL-6 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.98, p = 0.002) were significant predictors of sarcopenia after adjusting for race and BMI. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with CRC, IGF-1 and IL-6 levels were both lower in patients with sarcopenia compared to those without sarcopenia and levels of both markers predicted the presence sarcopenia.
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Belogai, Ksenia N. "Body Image in Women during Midlife". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, nr 2 (8.07.2019): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-2-375-383.
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The present paper deals with the body image formed in women during the period of middle adulthood, or midlife. The research featured Russian-speaking women, who demonstrated a global trend in that they expressed mainly negative ideas about their body and a standard dissatisfaction with their appearance. The women were concerned with their body weight, shape, and functional characteristics. In middle adulthood, body image is determined, to a large extent, by the exclusively female bodily experience, i.e. menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. For instance, women with a positive attitude towards their own body were less likely to have abortions or miscarriages, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, they expressed more pronounced positive feelings associated with the movement of the fetus in the womb. In general, positive body image was found to form in those pregnant women who moved on from evaluating their appearance to evaluating the functionality of their body. The data also showed that the body image in women aged 25–40 depended on the body mass index: women with a lower body mass index had a more positive body image.
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Salah, Omnia. "Middle Eastern women, media artists and ‘self-body image’". Technoetic Arts 15, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear.15.1.61_1.
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Fort, Mônica Cristine, Ivania Skura i Cristina Brisolara. "CONVENÇÕES CORPORAIS E O MEDO DE ENVELHECER: Ideais de Juventude e Beleza Midiáticos Versus Aceitação Pessoal e Social da Imagem Real". Revista Observatório 3, nr 1 (30.03.2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2017v3n1p183.
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RESUMO
O binômio beleza e juventude, tão comumente utilizado nas representações femininas na mídia, traduz padrões estéticos que já têm sido questionados, mas ainda servem de parâmetro para comentários de leitoras/es, e comparações na imprensa, de mulheres que foram belas na juventude e que, mais velhas, não têm mais a imagem que se esperava. Para discutir esse cenário, elencamos exemplos que apontam o envelhecimento feminino de personalidades públicas, adotando como pano de fundo para a reflexão as perspectivas de idadismo apontadas por Castro (2015, 2016); o conceito do corpo como capital de Goldenberg (2006, 2010, 2012, 2015); e do medo em Augé (2013), Altheide (2002) e Bauman (2008). Ao debater como a mídia aumenta o inconformismo com o próprio corpo, abordam-se também os esforços que têm sido observados na área da comunicação persuasiva, com a presença de pessoas consideradas fora do estereótipo de beleza até então imposto, assim como são discutidas reações quanto a personalidades cobradas por fugirem desse padrão desejado.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Idade; Medo; Consumo; Publicidade; Imprensa.
ABSTRACT
The binomial beauty and youth, so commonly used in women's representations in media, translates aesthetic standards that have already been questioned, but still serve as a parameter for readers' comments and comparisons of women who were considered beautiful in their youth and no longer have the expected image. To discuss this scenario, we chose examples that point to female aging of public figures, adopting as background for reflection the perspectives of ageism pointed out by Castro (2015, 2016); the concept of the body as capital in Goldenberg (2006, 2010, 2012, 2015); and fear in Augé (2013), Altheide (2002) and Bauman (2008). Upon debating how media increases nonconformity with the body itself, we also address the efforts that have been observed in the area of persuasive communication with the presence of people considered outside the stereotype of beauty hitherto imposed, as well as discussing reactions of who wants that famous people stay young and beautiful.
KEYWORDS: Ageing; Fear; Consumption; Advertising; Media.
RESUMEN
El binomio de belleza y juventud, tal como se utiliza comúnmente en la representación de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación, traduce estándares estéticos que ya se les ha pedido, pero todavía sirven como parámetro para comentarios de los lectores y comparaciones en la prensa de mujeres que estaban hermosa en la juventud y que, cuando mayores, ya no tener la imagen que se esperaba. Para discutir este escenario, son selecionados ejemplos que señalan el envejecimiento de figuras públicas femininas, sustentados por las perspectivas de idadismo señalada por Castro (2015, 2016), el concepto de cuerpo como capital de Goldenberg (2006, 2010, 2012, 2015); y el miedo en Augé (2013), Altheide (2002) y Bauman (2008). En la discusión de cómo los medios de comunicación aumentan la inconformidad con el cuerpo, se indican también los esfuerzos que se han observado en el ámbito de la comunicación persuasiva con la presencia de personas que se consideran fuera del estereotipo de belleza antes impuestos, así como las reacciones de las personas que quieren que los famosos sean siempre belos e jóvenes.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Edad; Miedo; Consumo; Publicidad; Prensa.
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Halwati, Umi. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI MEDIA MASSA (DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM RUBRIK “SOSOK” HARIAN KOMPAS TAHUN 2016)". KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 10, nr 2 (1.03.2017): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.943.
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This research is motivated by the fact that every society has the power that can be empowered. In reality, women’s empowerment can not be separated from the mass media. Media plays an important role in community development activities in addition to those factors that physically exists, the costs that are physically visible, and a program that systematically reads as a motor of an empowerment. Can not be denied that the media be a factor that plays a role in social change. The metodology used is a discourse analysis of Teun Van Dijk that include text analysis, social cognition and social analysis. The results of this study are in terms of thematic, news in Kompas on community empowerment more women are taking the theme of the spirit of environmental conservation, the management of waste into valuable goods and high economic value, the spirit of education for the rural women, education for the children of scavengers and businesses by empowering residents. In the schematic aspect, Kompas has a systematic scheme from the start the title, lead and mutually continuous body. In terms of semantics (meaning that will be emphasized), Kompas in its message emphasizing the importance of community empowerment. The characters are raised in rubric “sosok” is the inspiring figures are considered “essential” and interesting. From the aspect of syntax, Kompas taking shape, sentence structure with many uses elements of coherence, namely by using conjunctions to show that the attitude of painstaking, diligent, not easily discouraged and high social sensitivity is the foundation of community empowerment. From the stylistic aspects (choice of words) Kompas uses words that are universal, humanistic and not dry. In the aspect of rhetorical style repression by Kompas uses graphic elements to highlight or emphasize deemed important by using a full color photo or image be equiped complete biodata. From the aspect of the analysis of Social Cognition, can be dissected that reality carries the ideology of Journalists Kompas humanistic ideology. idealism Kompas journalist for the achievement of the mission that the mandate of the People’s Conscience. Kompas vision that promotes the vision of making transcendental humanism humanistic Kompas use language in presenting the facts to the reader. In speaking, Kompas does not use language that dry, formal, abstract and rational, but that involves feelings of intuition, and human emotions. From the aspect of social analysis, that ownership is held by a group or its members, in this case that directly or indirectly affect the discourse of empowerment is a character or figure, journalist, and editor of Kompas. In terms of “akses” (access) each group has access enabler respectively in disseminating the empowerment of communities through printed and electronic mass media. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta bahwa setiap masyarakat memiliki daya (potensi) yang dapat diberdayakan. Realitanya, pemberdayaan masyarakat perempuan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari media massa. Mediasangat berperan dalam aktivitas pemberdayaan masyarakat di samping faktor orang-orang yang secara fisik ada, biaya yang secara fisik tampak, dan program yang secara sistematis terbaca sebagai motor dari sebuah pemberdayaan. Tidak dapat ditolak bahwa media menjadi faktor yang berperan dalam perubahan sosial masyarakat.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis wacana Teun Van Dijk yang mencakup analisis teks, kognisi sosial dan analisis sosial. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dari segi tematik, pemberitaan di Kompas tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat perempuan lebih banyak mengambil tema semangat pelestarian lingkungan, pengelolaan sampah menjadi barang berharga dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi, semangat pendidikan untuk masyarakat perempuan desa, pendidkan untuk anak-anak pemulung dan bisnis dengan memberdayakan warga. Dalam aspek skematik, Kompas mempunyai skema yang sistematis dari mulai judul, lead dan body saling berkesinambungan. Dari sisi semantik (makna yang ingin ditekankan), Kompas dalam pemberitaannya menekankan pentingnya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tokoh-tokoh yang diangkat dalam rubrik “sosok” adalah tokoh inspiratif dianggap “penting” dan menarik. Dari aspek sintaksis, Kompas memakai bentuk, susunan kalimat dengan banyak menggunakan elemen koherensi, yaitu dengan menggunakan kata penghubung untuk menunjukkan bahwa sikap telaten, tekun, tidak mudah putus asa dan sensitivitas sosial yang tinggi adalah landasan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dari aspek stilistik (pemilihan kata) Kompas menggunakan kata-kata yang universal, humanistis dan tidak kering. Dalam aspek retoris, gaya penekanan yang dilakukan Kompas menggunakan elemen grafis untuk menonjolkan atau menekankan yang dianggap penting dengan menggunakan foto atau gambar full color dilengkapi biodata lengkap. Dari aspek analisis Kognisi Sosial, dapat dibedah bahwa realitas ideologi Jurnalis Kompas mengusung ideologi humanistik. Idealisme jurnalis demi tercapainya misi Kompas yaitu “Amanat Hati Nurani Rakyat”. Visi Kompas yang mengutamakan visi humanisme transendental menjadikan Kompas menggunakan bahasa humanistis dalam menyajikan fakta kepada pembaca. Dalam berbahasa, Kompas tidak memakai bahasa yang kering, formal, abstrak dan rasional, tetapi yang menyangkut perasaan intuisi, dan emosi manusia. Dari aspek Analisis sosial, bahwa kepemilikan yang dimiliki oleh suatu kelompok atau anggotanya, dalam hal ini yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mempengaruhi wacana pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah tokoh atau sosok, wartawan, dan redaksi Kompas. Dari sisi akses (access) setiap kelompok pemberdaya mempunyai akses masing-masing dalam menyebarluaskan pemberdayaan masyarakat, baik melalui media massa cetak maupun elektronik.
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Nagpal, Prashant, Sarv Priya, Ali Eskandari, Aidan Mullan, Tanya Aggarwal, Sabarish Narayanasamy, Kamesh Parashar, Ambarish P. Bhat i Jessica C. Sieren. "Factors Affecting Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography Angiograms for Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study". Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (13.11.2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_168_2020.
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Objectives: Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is one of the most commonly ordered and frequently overused tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean radiation dose to patients getting CTPA and to identify factors that are associated with higher dose. Material and Methods: This institutionally approved retrospective study included all patients who had a CTPA to rule out acute pulmonary embolism between 2016 and 2018 in a tertiary care center. Patient data (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], and patient location), CT scanner type, image reconstruction methodology, and radiation dose parameters (dose-length product [DLP]) were recorded. Effective dose estimates were obtained by multiplying DLP by conversion coefficient (0.014 mSv•mGy−1•cm−1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the radiation dose. Results: There were 2342 patients (1099 men and 1243 women) with a mean age of 58.1 years (range 0.2–104.4 years) and BMI of 31.3 kg/m2 (range 12–91.5 kg/m2). The mean effective radiation dose was 5.512 mSv (median – 4.27 mSv; range 0.1–43.0 mSv). Patient factors, including BMI >25 kg/m2, male sex, age >18 years, and intensive care unit (ICU) location, were associated with significantly higher dose (P < 0.05). CT scanning using third generation dual-source scanner with model-based iterative reconstruction (IR) had significantly lower dose (mean: 4.90 mSv) versus single-source (64-slice) scanner with filtered back projection (mean: 9.29 mSv, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with high BMI and ICU referrals are associated with high CT radiation dose. They are most likely to benefit by scanning on newer generation scanner using advance model-based IR techniques.
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Mahfiana, Layyin. "Media Sebagai Pelestari Budaya Patriarkhi". Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, nr 4 (29.10.2007): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.54.483-495.
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There are two main arguments advanced in this article. Firstly, regarding the image of women perpetuated lry mass media, and secondly why media is not showing gender sensitivity when developing women images. In general mass media portray women in one amongst these five images: women image as a frame, as a column, as an available 'bed', as a saucer and an image of friendship. These images are developed and became popular within a patriarchal culture because men define women as such, and women have no power to disagree. The author proposes that today's women readers must apply more critical view in reading and analyzing the content of mass media, especially with regard to women's images.
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Streeter, Veronica M., Robin R. Milhausen i Andrea C. Buchholz. "Body Image, Body Mass Index, and Body Composition: In Young Adults". Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 73, nr 2 (lipiec 2012): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/73.2.2012.78.
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Purpose: Associations were examined between body image and body mass index (BMI) in comparison with body composition in healthy weight, overweight, and obese young adults. Methods: Weight and height were determined, and the percentage of fat mass (%FM) and percentage of fat-free mass (%FFM) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 75 male and 87 female young adults (21.1 ± 1.9 years; 25.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2 [mean ± standard deviation]). Body image was measured using the three subscales Weight Esteem, Appearance Esteem, and External Attribution of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Results: Body mass index and %FM were highly correlated (r for males = 0.74, r for females = 0.82; both p<0.001), and were inversely associated with body image, particularly Weight Esteem. After adjustment for physical activity, BMI and %FM (and %FFM, although in the opposite direction) were associated with each BESAA subscale: %FM, %FFM, and BMI explained 12% to14% of the variance in Appearance Esteem for both sexes, 33% to 41% in Weight Esteem in women and 16% to 18% in men, and 8% to 10% in External Attribution in women (all p<0.05) and <5% for men (NS). Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that as their clients’ BMI and %FM increase, body image decreases, particularly in women.
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Guzmán-Saldaña, Rebeca, Teresita de Jesús Saucedo-Molina, Melissa García Meraz, Marcos Galván García i Arturo del Castillo Arreola. "Body image and body mass index of indigenous women from Hidalgo state, Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmta.2017.01.002.
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Erbil, Nülüfer. "The Relationships Between Sexual Function, Body Image, and Body Mass Index Among Women". Sexuality and Disability 31, nr 1 (26.01.2012): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11195-012-9258-4.
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Ford, Yvonne, i Stephanie Pickett. "Predictors of Body Image Perception among African American Women". Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, nr 11 (26.12.2019): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919894709.
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Obesity is a significant health problem in the US with African American (AA) women having one of the highest prevalence of obesity. Some AA women may equate a larger BMI with a positive body image. The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to examine the relationship between demographic variables, body image perception, coping behaviors and BMI with a non-probability sample of 191 AA women, 18–40 years old. Participants completed a demographic form and Pulver’s Figure Rating Scale (PFRS). Weight and height were measure and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Significant findings show that chronological age, hypertension, cigarette smoking and BMI were positively associated with body image perception. Using regression analysis, hypertension and BMI were predictors of body image perception. The study findings indicate that chronic illness and BMI impact body image perception.
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Sellami, R., M. Moalla, L. Affes, I. Feki, F. Mnif, M. Abid i J. Masmoudi. "Body shape perception among obese Tunisian women". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): s908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1864.
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IntroductionIn today's societies, pressures from the idea of thinness are omnipresent and lead to a corporal dissatisfaction with an excessive preoccupation of the body's image. Obese persons are often targets of stigmatization and are vulnerable to negative feeling about their physical appearance.AimsTo evaluate the worries towards the weight and the shape of the body among obese women.MethodsOur study was a transversal study, descriptive and analytic. A total of 42 obese women were included. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 and divided into 3 classes: class I: moderate obesity (30 ≤ BMI ≤ 34.9); class II: severe obesity (35 ≤ BMI ≤ 39.9); class III: morbid obesity (BMI≥40). Patients were studied by mean of body shape questionnaire (BSQ-34) (Considering score BSQ < 80 lack of altered body image perception and score > 140 excessive preoccupation).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 33.6 years. The average BMI was 37.42 kg/m2 (30.45–56.26 kg/m2). Third (35%) of women had a high educational level, 41.4% were inactive, and 70.8% had an average socioeconomic level.The average BSQ score was 108.31 (47–188). The majority of women (78.1%) had excessive preoccupation about their body image. The BSQ score was correlated to morbid obesity (P = 0.014). Women aged between 20 and 3 years were significantly more preoccupied about their body image (P = 0.046).ConclusionMajority of obese women were preoccupied about their body image. Young women and those having morbid obesity seemed more preoccupied about their body image.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Coyne, Sarah M., Toni Liechty, Kevin M. Collier, Aubrey D. Sharp, Emilie J. Davis i Savannah L. Kroff. "The Effect of Media on Body Image in Pregnant and Postpartum Women". Health Communication 33, nr 7 (8.05.2017): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1314853.
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JILL THOMPSON, Amanda, Senel POYRAZLI i Erin MILLER. "Western Media and Body Image Dissatisfaction in Young Women in Developing Nations". Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20, nr 90 (30.11.2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.90.3.
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Green, Sharin Palladino, i Mary E. Pritchard. "PREDICTORS OF BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN ADULT MEN AND WOMEN". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, nr 3 (1.01.2003): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.3.215.
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Disordered eating and body image have been widely studied in college students and children. However, few studies have examined body image dissatisfaction in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women. One hundred and thirty-nine adults were surveyed on body dissatisfaction and possible relating factors. It was found that media influence predicted body dissatisfaction in women and that age, family pressure and self-esteem predicted body image dissatisfaction in both men and women. Because adults' views about their bodies can have an impact on those of their children, it is important that researchers continue to examine body image dissatisfaction and comparable issues within adult populations.
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Ghai, Amrita, Irena Milosevic, Michele Laliberte, Valerie H. Taylor i Randi E. McCabe. "Body image concerns in obese women seeking bariatric surgery". Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, nr 2 (10.06.2014): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-11-2013-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess multidimensional body image concerns in a sample of obese women seeking bariatric surgery at an outpatient hospital clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of obese adult women seeking bariatric surgery at an outpatient medical clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (n=148) completed various self-report measures of body image concerns, including body image dysphoria, body image quality of life, body image investment, and appearance satisfaction. Participant scores were compared to normative data. Correlations between body image concern measures and body mass index (BMI) were examined. Findings – Participants endorsed more body image dysphoria, more negative body image quality of life, and less appearance satisfaction than normative samples. BMI was not correlated with body image concern scores. Practical implications – Interventions aimed at reducing body image disturbance in obese women should target multiple components of body image concern. Decisions about who should receive interventions should not be based on BMI status. Originality/value – The majority of research on body image concerns focuses exclusively on evaluative constructs such as body image dissatisfaction. The current study examined affective, cognitive, and behavioural body image constructs. A better understanding of the multidimensional nature of body image concerns in obese women seeking bariatric surgery informs the development of effective, targeted interventions.
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Oswalt, Sara B., i Tammy J. Wyatt. "Mirror, Mirror, Help Me Like My Body". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, nr 2 (1.06.2007): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5i2.1239.
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Body image is a concern for many individuals but especially for women. Few body image interventions focus beyond the individual and attempt to reach a larger population. A media campaign was developed using the Social Marketing Model and implemented on a university campus to help women recognize conversations and ideas that reinforce negative body image concepts. Details about the development and implementation of the media campaign are reviewed. Follow-up assessment revealed that almost 60% (n = 194) of women surveyed saw the materials. Many responded favorably to the campaign’s impact. Buscards were viewed most frequently, indicating a potential promotion strategy for future health campaigns. Implications for future interventions and recommendations for practitioners are discussed.
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Karlinsky, April, Holly Howe, Melissa de Jonge, Alan Kingstone, Catherine M. Sabiston i Timothy N. Welsh. "Body Image and Voluntary Gaze Behaviors towards Physique-Salient Images". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 5 (4.03.2021): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052549.
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The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men (n = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women (n = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.
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Belogai, K. N. "WOMEN’S BODY IMAGE DURING THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, nr 4 (23.12.2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-4-117-124.
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The article presents the results of a study of the body image in women aged 40–60 who are at the stage of menopausal transition, i.e. in premenopause, perimenopause and menopause itself. A study conducted on a group of Russianspeaking women showed that they had a negative image of their own body and experience the so-called "standard discontent with appearance", like women in many other cultures. The women were concerned with their weight and shape and dissatisfied with the functional characteristics of their bodies. The body image, however, was not related to the presence or absence of menstruation, which is consistent with research data around the world demonstrating that "menopause as a disease" is a cultural rather than a biological phenomenon. The study shows that the body image of mature women correlates with the body mass index, but weight is by no means the only factor determining the phenomenon under consideration. The present research demonstrates the cultural specificity of the image of the body in mature women: the authors validated and translated Verbal Commentary on Physical Appearance Scale, and it revealed no Positive Idea of Body Weight and Shape factor.
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Du, Yu. "Media Influences on Body Image Dissatisfaction: the Moderating Role of Collectivism vs. Individualism". Journal of Student Research 4, nr 2 (3.06.2015): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v4i2.254.
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Body image is a multidimensional construct that reflects attitudes and perceptions about an individual’s physical appearance under the cultural norms and ideals rather than on actual body dimension. Previous research argues that body image problems are linked to many potentially harmful behaviors and mental illnesses, such as obsessive exercise, low self-esteem, substance abuse and eating disorders. Early study primarily focuses on analyzing and comparing body image dissatisfaction of women in particular countries. However, cross-cultural studies need to move on from simply comparing the absolute levels to investigating the relationships between several variables. It is still unclear about the influences of specific cultures, namely collectivism vs. individualism, on both thin-ideal media effect and body image dissatisfaction. There is no integrated research analyzing how various levels of acculturation and different cultures interact, thus further influencing women’s body image dissatisfaction. The underlying psychological mechanisms that resulted from acculturation are still less explored. Current study hypothesized that thin-ideal media exposure increases women’s body image dissatisfaction. Additionally, thin-ideal media and cultures were predicted to interact. Collectivist group with high acculturation differed from the collectivist group with low acculturation and fell close to the individualist group in body image dissatisfaction. Thus, researcher predicted that thin-ideal media effects on body image dissatisfaction were stronger for females in collectivist group with low acculturation than for the other two culture groups. In general, women living in the collectivistic societies would report more body image dissatisfaction than those living in the individualistic societies. This study used a 3 x 2 x 2 mixed design to examine the moderating role of collectivism vs. individualism on media influences on body image dissatisfaction among 133 female college students, aged from 18 to 23 years old, attending the University of Texas at Austin. The results indicated that thin-ideal media significantly increased women’s body image dissatisfaction, whereas healthy media decreased women’s body image dissatisfaction. In general, women living in the collectivistic society reported more body image dissatisfaction than women living in the individualistic society. Contrary to the prediction, body image dissatisfaction of women in the collectivistic group with high acculturation did not differ from those in the collectivistic group with low acculturation. Therefore, the moderating role of acculturation was not found.
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Weaver, Angela D., i E. Sandra Byers. "The Relationships Among Body Image, Body Mass Index, Exercise, and Sexual Functioning in Heterosexual Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly 30, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00308.x.
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McAllister, Renee, i Marie Louise Caltabiano. "Self-Esteem, Body-Image and Weight in Noneating-Disordered Women". Psychological Reports 75, nr 3 (grudzień 1994): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3.1339.
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The self-esteem of 69 women attending weight-loss centres was examined in relation to attitudes towards body and weight, actual weight, number of diets undergone and weight fluctuations. Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Attitudes towards the body and weight were assessed using Freedman's Body-Love Questionnaire. The Body Mass Index was used as a weight-range classification for the women. Body image was assessed using the silhouette chart of Bell, Kirkpatrick, and Rinn. Women with stable weight had the highest self-esteem. The number of diets undertaken was associated with lowered self-esteem. High scores on evaluation of appearance were positively correlated with scores on self-esteem. No association was found between self-esteem and either eating restraint or significant others' attitudes. There was good agreement between the women's perceptions of their own bodies and independent raters' perceptions indicating a lack of body-image distortion for this noneating-disordered group.
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LIECHTY, TONI, i CAREEN M. YARNAL. "Older women's body image: a lifecourse perspective". Ageing and Society 30, nr 7 (20.07.2010): 1197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000346.
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ABSTRACTBody-image research has focused on younger women and girls, and tended to ignore women in later life, although recent studies have called for more research into the body image of older women, particularly from a lifecourse perspective. The lifecourse perspective can address the complexity of body image by identifying personal and/or environmental factors that shape body image and the trajectories of body image across the lifecourse. Accordingly the purpose of the study reported in this paper was to explore older women's body image using a lifecourse perspective. We conducted individual interviews and follow-up focus groups with 13 women aged 60–69 years, all of them resident in a United States non-metropolitan county (its largest city having a population of 38,420) and having lived in the country for more than 30 years. The findings highlight the influence of inter-personal relationships (e.g. with a spouse or parent), the macro-environment (e.g. media or community attitudes) and key life events (e.g. physiological changes or educational experiences) that shaped body image at various life stages. In addition, the findings demonstrate that as women age, they de-prioritise appearance in favour of health or internal characteristics. Finally, the findings highlight the complexity of body image as a construct, which includes attitudes toward appearance, evaluations of health and physical ability, and assessments of appearance.
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Duda, Rosemary B., Naana Afua Jumah, Allan G. Hill, Joseph Seffah i Richard Biritwum. "Assessment of the ideal body image of women in Accra, Ghana". Tropical Doctor 37, nr 4 (1.10.2007): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507782332883.
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The hypothesis tested in this study was that the 'traditional build' is the culturally valued body shape by Ghanaian women. Culturally sensitive figural stimuli were designed to assess the current body image (CBI) and the ideal body image (IBI) of Ghanaian women. The most frequently selected model for the CBI was one that represented a slightly overweight woman; the IBI selected was consistent with a representation of normal body mass index; and the least healthy image was that figure that represented morbidly obesity.
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Montgomery Sklar, Elliot. "Body Image, Weight, and Self-Concept in Men". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, nr 3 (10.07.2015): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615594351.
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In the traditional debate between biological and environmental determinants of body weight, the body has most often been explored in terms of its anatomical, genetic, or hormonal influences on personality, experience, and behavior. While obesity has been identified as a threat to our public health, correlating attitudes toward body image and self-concept have been explored within women to a limited extent, and even less so in relation to men. Consequently, men’s body image will be discussed in light of current literature reveals for women. For men, as for women, as the social pressure to attain an “ideal” physique increases, the discrepancy between that ideal and one’s body increases as well. This dynamic is more readily recognized for women than for men. As men are socialized not to discuss their body image concerns, negative self-concept and esteem may reinforce behaviors resulting in weight gain. In recent years, the proliferation of media has served to reinforce messaging related to one’s body. This review of existing data and literature suggests that body image and self-concept are related to body weight in men (as with women) and need to be addressed as part of healthy weight management practices.
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NG, Siu Kuen Robert. "Body Image Discrepancy and Body Mass Index among Chinese University Students in Hong Kong". Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 20, nr 1 (1.06.2014): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.201810.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Introduction: The purposes of this study were to examine (a) the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the perception of body image, (b) the body satisfaction level (BSS), and (c) the most satisfied and dissatisfied body part. Methods: 588 university students (aged: 20.0±2.2 years; BMI: 20.3±2.8 kg/m2) from four universities in Hong Kong indicated their perceived ‘ideal’ and the ‘healthiest’ male and female figure from 9-figure rating scale. Body Image Discrepancy (BID) between their ‘current’ and ‘ideal’ figure was calculated. Results: Men reported significantly higher level of BSS than women. BMI correlated with BSS in women (r=.-263, p<.01) but not in men; BMI correlated with BID in women (r=.446, p<.001) and men (r=.587, p<.001). Most respondents indicated ‘no part’ as their most satisfied body part. Men and women stated their most dissatisfied body part was abdomen and thigh respectively. BSS was the highest in normal weight men and underweight women. Overweight respondents rated significantly larger figure as their ‘ideal’ size than their underweight and normal weight counterparts. Conclusions: An increase in BMI aggravates an increase in their desire to be thinner. It is necessary to help university students in Hong Kong to develop a healthy and realistic body image.
探討大學生(1)身體質量指數(BMI)與身體形象差異的關係; (2)身體滿意度; (3)最滿意和最不滿意自己身體部份。588位大學生從香港四所大學在9個由瘦至肥的男女剪影公仔中選擇(1)“理想”和“最健康”的男女體型; (2)代表自己“現在”和“理想”的體型來計算出身體形象差異。女性的身體滿意度比男性低並與BMI成反比。大多數指無最滿意的身體部份，男女分別最不滿意腹部和大腿。正常體重男士和過輕女士最滿意自己身體。總結，BMI與減磅意欲成正比。