Artykuły w czasopismach: „Brassica rapa”

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Czajka, Agnieszka, Monika Markiewicz, Beata Kowalska i Urszula Smolińska. "Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests". European Journal of Plant Pathology 158, nr 2 (26.08.2020): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02100-y.

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Abstract The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the pathogen’s quantity in plant roots and growing media. Of the Brassica genotypes studied, only B. rapa var. capitata line AABBcc was fully resistant to all the Polish pathotypes of P. brassicae. Some of the other “clubroot-resistant” genotypes tested were resistant to selected pathotypes, e.g. Brassica napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to Pb 2 and Pb3, Brassica oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’ to Pb2 and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ to Pb3, but were susceptible to others. B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Bindsachsener’, B. oleracea var. acephala subvar. lacinata ‘Verheul’ and B. napus var. napus ‘Mendel F1’ were moderately to highly susceptible to all Polish P. brassicae pathotypes. These results show that the classification of virulence of P. brassicae pathotypes selected in various areas differs significantly toward the same Brasssica genotypes and puts in question the practical value of pathotype classification determined with differential sets for farmers and plant breeders. Our results showed that B. rapa var. capitata AABBcc line, B. napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’, B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ could be considered in Brassica breeding programmes as a source of resistance to Polish P. brassicae isolates.

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Cheah, L.-H., G. Kent i S. Gowers. "Brassica crops and a Streptomyces sp as potential biocontrol for clubroot of brassicas". New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (1.08.2001): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3779.

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Two glasshouse experiments and a field trial were carried out to evaluate the potential of brassica crops which contain high levels of glucosinolates for control of clubroot of brassicas Brassica rapa crops were grown for about 70 days in a field which was infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae In the first glasshouse experiment the leaf and stem of the plants were harvested chopped into small pieces and mixed with clubrootinfested soil in punnets Chinese cabbage seedlings were then transplanted into the punnets In the second glasshouse experiment soil samples were taken in punnets from plots where the B rapa crops had been rotary hoed and left to decompose for about three weeks Chinese cabbage seedlings were transplanted into the punnets In both experiments B rapatreated soil reduced (P

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Heinrich, Aaron, Shinji Kawai i Jim Myers. "Screening Brassica Cultivars for Resistance to Western Oregon Clubroot Pathotypes". HortTechnology 27, nr 4 (sierpień 2017): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03694-17.

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Growing resistant cultivars from the Brassicaceae family (brassicas) is an effective strategy to minimize crop loss caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). However, there are many clubroot pathotypes, and genetic resistance to clubroot may be pathotype-specific. To determine which pathotypes are present in western Oregon, diseased roots were collected from five farms and identified by the European clubroot differential (ECD) set. To assess resistance to the identified pathotypes, 21 vegetable cultivars from nine crops with purported resistance to clubroot were evaluated for disease incidence and severity in field and greenhouse studies. The crops evaluated included broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea var. gemmifera), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), pak choi (B. rapa var. chinensis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), turnip (B. rapa var. rapa), and rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica). ECD host reaction showed similar virulence among clubroot collections, and all field isolates had the same ECD pathotype designation, 16/02/30. Compared with a crop-specific susceptible control, 17 of 21 cultivars had some resistance to clubroot, and of those, 15 were highly resistant (≤15% incidence with low disease severity). This research demonstrated that western Oregon farmers have several commercially available cultivars with resistance to the dominant pathotyope in the region. However, each farmer must evaluate the suitability of these cultivars to meet consumer and industry requirements.

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Li, Xiaonan, Yingxia Wei, Yingmei Ma, Guizhu Cao, Siwen Ma, Tianyu Zhang, Zongxiang Zhan i Zhongyun Piao. "Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of CRa and CRd Genes to Improve the Clubroot Resistance of Brassica rapa". Genes 13, nr 12 (19.12.2022): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122414.

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Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The resistance of varieties harboring the single clubroot-resistance (CR) gene is easily broken through by P. brassicae pathotypes. CRa and CRd, genetically identified in B. rapa, are CR genes known to be highly resistant to different P. brassicaea pathotypes. In our study, we perform the gene pyramiding of CRa and CRd in Chinese cabbages through marker-assisted selection (MAS), and develop homozygous pyramided lines. The newly generated pyramided lines exhibit greater resistance to six different pathotypes than that of two parental lines carrying a single CR gene. This study provides new CR-gene-pyramided lines for the development of clubroot-resistant Brassica varieties for future breeding programs.

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Zhang, Hui, Jie Feng, Shujiang Zhang, Shifan Zhang, Fei Li, Stephen E. Strelkov, Rifei Sun i Sheau-Fang Hwang. "Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea genotypes From China". Plant Disease 99, nr 6 (czerwiec 2015): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0863-re.

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Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), pak choi (B. rapa), and mustard (B. juncea) are important vegetable crops in China. Development of clubroot-resistant cultivars of these crops is urgently needed. In this study, 71 B. rapa and B. juncea genotypes from China, including cultivars and inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to three P. brassicae pathotypes. A significant interaction was observed between the P. brassicae pathotypes and the Brassica genotypes. Pathotype 3, as defined on the differentials of Williams, exhibited the weakest virulence on all plant material. By contrast, pathotypes 5 and 6 were both highly pathogenic on most of the tested genotypes. In all, 10 of the 14 Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to all three pathotypes, while 4 were resistant only to a specific pathotype. Seven of eight progenies obtained from the selfing of Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to pathotype 3 but most were susceptible to pathotypes 5 and 6. Most inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and all inbred lines of pak choi and mustard were susceptible to all three pathotypes but their susceptibility was lower to pathotype 3 than to pathotypes 5 and 6.

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Chahil, Gurminder Singh, i Jagdev Singh Kular. "Biology of Pieris Brassicae (Linn.) on Different Brassica Species in the Plains of Punjab". Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0008.

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Abstract Biology of Pieris brassicae reared on Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. carinata was studied. Adult butterflies, collected in November from the plains of Punjab, India, were sexed, paired, and released onto the four Brassica spp. in a greenhouse. In a multigeneration study (Parental, F1, and F2), the effect of the four Brassica spp. on the egg laying, incubation period and hatching percentage was assessed in a greenhouse study. Hatched larvae were collected, reared on fresh leaves of respective Brassica spp, in laboratory conditions. Data collected on larval stadia, pre-pupal and pupal durations, adult longevity, and sex ratio were assessed to understand the effects of these four species. Of the four species, B. carinata, with a shorter incubation period, higher hatching percentage, and shorter developmental periods was most susceptible. In this study, B. rapa was the most resistant species and may be recommended for further breeding programs in order to reduce the economic damage caused by P. brassicae.

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Lewis, L. J., D. L. Woods i B. F. Cheng. "Introgression of long pod genotype from spring rape (Brassica napus L.) into summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-092.

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Long pod character from a summer Brassica napus L. line was introgressed into turnip rape B. rapa L. cultivar AC Sunshine resulting in progeny lines with significantly longer pods and larger seed size than those of AC Sunshine, but producing no yield advantage. Key words: Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, pod length, summer turnip rape, spring rape, interspecific hybridisation

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Sari, Eni Kartika. "Penetapan Kadar Klorofil dan Karotenoid Daun Sawi (Brassica) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis". Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 5, nr 1 (28.06.2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v5i1.150.

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Chlorophyll and carotenoids are antioxidant compounds that are very potential. Both of these compounds are found in many vegetables. This research aims to determine the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in mustard (Brassica) leaves. There were three types of mustard leaves tested, namely greens mustard (Brassica rapa I.), white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Analysis of samples by the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The results of the measurement of chlorophyll levels showed that pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest chlorophyll level which was 86,76 mg/g. While the lowest chlorophyll level is found in the type of white mustard which is equal to 0,75 mg/g. From the three of the mustard tested, green mustard (Brassica rapa I.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) were mustard types that contained high carotenoids in the amount of 50,4 mg/g and 198,04 mg/g. While the type of white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has the lowest carotenoid content for all preparations.

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Cámara-Martos, Fernando, Sara Obregón-Cano i Antonio de Haro-Bailón. "Glucosinolates, Ca, Se Contents, and Bioaccessibility in Brassica rapa Vegetables Obtained by Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems". Foods 11, nr 3 (26.01.2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030350.

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In northwest Spain and Portugal, there is a long tradition of cultivating B. rapa subsp. rapa to obtain turnip greens and turnip tops. Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (turnip greens and turnip tops) were grown under conventional and organic conditions in two Farms in southern Spain. Glucosinolatescontents were higher in Brassicas grown under conventional conditions than those grown under organic ones. Average Ca total and bioaccessible contents ranged between 14.6–23.4 mg/g; 8.9–12.0 mg/g for turnip greens and 6.4–8.9 mg/g; 4.3–4.8 mg/g for turnip tops. According to these concentrations, an intake of 100–200 g (fresh weight) of the studied Brassica rapa fulfills Ca dietary reference intakes (DRI) (considering the total content data) and complies with 72–100% Ca DRI percentage (considering the bioaccessible data). Se concentrations ranged between 0.061–0.073 µg/g and 0.039–0.053 µg/g for turnip greens and turnip tops respectively. Se bioaccessibility values were high, with percentages of around 90%. Finally, the total glucosinolate content ranged between 13.23–21.28 µmol/g for turnip greens and 13.36–20.20 µmol/g for turnip tops. In general, the bioaccessibility of the total glucosinolates analyzed in this study was high, with mean values of around 73% and 66% for turnip greens and turnip tops, respectively. Brassica rapa vegetables grown under both organic and conventional conditions in southern Spain are an excellent dietary source of Ca, Se, and glucosinolates with a high bioaccessibility.

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Jakir Hasan, Muhammad, Stephen E. Strelkov, Ronald J. Howard i Habibur Rahman. "Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, nr 3 (maj 2012): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2010-006.

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Hasan, M. J., Strelkov, S. E., Howard, R. J. and Rahman, H. 2012. Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 501–515. Clubroot disease of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, poses a threat to the Canadian canola industry, and the development of resistant cultivars is urgently needed. Germplasm resistant to local pathotype(s) is the prime requirement for breeding clubroot-resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify Brassica germplasm possessing resistance to P. brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Alberta. Pathotype-specific resistance was identified in the diploid species Brassica rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC), and in the amphidiploid B. napus (AACC). Among B. rapa genotypes, turnip was the most resistant, followed by winter type and spring type oilseed rape. The rutabaga group of B. napus, on the other hand, was homogeneous for resistance to Canadian P. brassicae pathotypes. The diploid species B. nigra (BB) also showed pathotype-specific resistance. However, the two amphidiploids carrying the B. nigra genome, B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC) were completely susceptible to clubroot.

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Warwick, S. I., i L. D. Black. "Molecular relationships in subtribe Brassicinae (Cruciferae, tribe Brassiceae)". Canadian Journal of Botany 71, nr 7 (1.07.1993): 906–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-102.

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Restriction-site variation for 17 endonucleases was compared in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome in 74 taxa of the genera Brassica, Coincya, Diplotaxis, Eruca, Erucastrwn, Hirschfeldia, Raphanus, Sinapidendron, Sinapis, and Trachystoma (subtribe Brassicinae, tribe Brassiceae, Cruciferae). A total of 422 restriction-site mutations was observed, with 228 (54%) showing variation among taxa. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a clear division of the subtribe into two main lineages designated here as Rapa–Oleracea and Nigra. Polyphyly was evident in five genera (Brassica, Diplotaxis, Erucastrum, Sinapis, and Trachystoma) as indicated by their placement in both lineages and (or) further separation into groups within a lineage. The genera Coincya, Hirschfeldia, and Sinapidendron were monophyletic within the Nigra lineage, as were Eruca and Raphanus in the Rapa–Oleracea lineage. Four major groups were recognized within each lineage. The lowest levels of chloroplast DNA divergence were observed among taxa belonging to the same cytodeme or crossing group and were highest for Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea versus Brassica nigra at 2.10–3.91% and 2.00–3.78%, respectively. The chloroplast DNA data were incongruent with traditional taxonomic circumscription of 5 of the 10 genera but concordant with other data sets that support the close genetic relatedness of all 10 genera. Key words: Brassica, Coincya, Erucastrum, Sinapidendron, Trachystoma, chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation.

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Kong, Liyan, Jiaxiu Liu, Wenjun Zhang, Xiaonan Li, Yuting Zhang, Xueyu Chen, Zongxiang Zhan i Zhongyun Piao. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa) and Plasmodiophora brassicae during Their Interaction". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 2 (4.01.2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020929.

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Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previous studies have found that the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae can lead to the accumulation of trehalose in infected Arabidopsis organs, it has been proposed that much of the accumulated trehalose is derived from the pathogen. At present, there is very little evidence to verify this view. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the TPS gene family was conducted in Brassica rapa and Plasmodiophora brassicae. A total of 14 Brassica rapa TPS genes (BrTPSs) and 3 P. brassicae TPS genes (PbTPSs) were identified, and the evolutionary characteristics, functional classification, and expression patterns were analyzed. Fourteen BrTPS genes were classified into two distinct classes according to phylogeny and gene structure. Three PbTPSs showed no significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved motifs. However, evolutionary analysis showed that the PbTPS2 gene failed to cluster with PbTPS1 and PbTPS3. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to growth and development, defense and stress responsiveness, and hormone responsiveness were predicted in the promoter region of the BrTPS genes. Expression analysis of most BrTPS genes at five stages after P. brassicae interaction found no significant induction. Instead, the expression of the PbTPS genes of P. brassicae was upregulated, which was consistent with the period of trehalose accumulation. This study deepens our understanding of the function and evolution of BrTPSs and PbTPSs. Simultaneously, clarifying the biosynthesis of trehalose in the interaction between Brassica rapa and P. brassicae is also of great significance.

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Tarigan, Ardianta, Hendra Jaya i Ismawardi Santoso. "Mendiagnosa Penyakit Tanaman Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy) Menggunakan Metode Dempster Shafer". Jurnal Sistem Informasi Triguna Dharma (JURSI TGD) 1, nr 2 (24.03.2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53513/jursi.v1i2.4814.

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terserang penyakit. Salah satu faktornya adalah keterlambatan penanganan dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan petani. Penyakit tanaman yang sering terjadi pada tanaman Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy) dan menjadi hambatan utama dalam menanam tanaman sawi tersebut adalah Rebah Semai, Busuk Daun dan Akar Gada. Dimana beberapa hal yang dapat terjadi pada Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy) yaitu pembusukan pada batang dan terkadang menyebabkan tanaman menjadi layu. Dalam beberapa bidang ilmu atau literatur ternyata ada beberapa teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui penyakit pada tanaman Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy) melalui gejala yang diketahui diantaranya dengan penerapan konsep Sistem Pakar (Expert Sistem). Sistem Pakar adalah sistem informasi yang berisi pengetahuan dari pakar sehingga dapat digunakan untuk konsultasi. Penyelesaian masalah dalam sistem pakar ini dibantu dengan metode Dempster Shafer, dimana Dempster Shafer merupakan metode yang mampu mendiagnosa penyakit berdasarkan fungsi kepercayaan dan pemikiran yang masuk akal sesorang ahli atau pakar. Hasil penelitian merupakan terciptanya sebuah aplikasi Sistem Pakar yang dapat digunakan dalam mendiagnosa gejala awal pada tanaman Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy) sehingga dapat membantu dinas pertanian maupun para petani dalam mencari solusi permasalahan yang dialami terkait penyakit pada Tanaman Brassica Rapa L (Sawi Pakcoy)Kata Kunci: Brassica Rapa L, Sistem Pakar, Metode Dempster Shafer, Sawi Pakcoy, Penyakit

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Jiang, Mingliang, Xiangshu Dong, Hong Lang, Wenxing Pang, Zongxiang Zhan, Xiaonan Li i Zhongyun Piao. "Mining of Brassica-Specific Genes (BSGs) and Their Induction in Different Developmental Stages and under Plasmodiophora brassicae Stress in Brassica rapa". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, nr 7 (16.07.2018): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19072064.

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Orphan genes, also called lineage-specific genes (LSGs), are important for responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and are associated with lineage-specific structures and biological functions. To date, there have been no studies investigating gene number, gene features, or gene expression patterns of orphan genes in Brassica rapa. In this study, 1540 Brassica-specific genes (BSGs) and 1824 Cruciferae-specific genes (CSGs) were identified based on the genome of Brassica rapa. The genic features analysis indicated that BSGs and CSGs possessed a lower percentage of multi-exon genes, higher GC content, and shorter gene length than evolutionary-conserved genes (ECGs). In addition, five types of BSGs were obtained and 145 out of 529 real A subgenome-specific BSGs were verified by PCR in 51 species. In silico and semi-qPCR, gene expression analysis of BSGs suggested that BSGs are expressed in various tissue and can be induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Moreover, an A/C subgenome-specific BSG, BSGs1, was specifically expressed during the heading stage, indicating that the gene might be associated with leafy head formation. Our results provide valuable biological information for studying the molecular function of BSGs for Brassica-specific phenotypes and biotic stress in B. rapa.

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Kopsell, Dean A., Scott McElroy, Carl Sams i David Kopsell. "(167) Carotenoid Accumulation Among the Diploid and Amphidiploid Brassica Species". HortScience 41, nr 4 (lipiec 2006): 1081A—1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1081a.

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Vegetable crops can be significant sources of nutritionally important dietary carotenoids and Brassica vegetables are sources that also exhibit antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The family Brassicaceae contains a diverse group of plant species commercially important in many parts of the world. The six economically important Brassica species are closely related genetically. Three diploid species (B. nigra, B. rapa, and B. oleracea) are the natural progenitors of the allotetraploid species (B. juncea, B. napus, and B. carinata). The objective of this study was to characterize the accumulation of important dietary carotenoid pigments among the genetically related Brassica species. The HPLC quantification revealed significant differences in carotenoid and chlorophyll pigment accumulation among the Brassica species. Brassica nigra accumulated the highest concentrations of lutein, 5,6-epoxy lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. The highest concentrations of beta-carotene and total chlorophyll were found in B. juncea. Brassica rapa accumulated the highest concentrations of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin. For each of the pigments analyzed, the diploid Brassica species accumulated higher concentrations, on average, than the amphidiploid species. Brassicas convey unique health attributes when consumed in the diet. Identification of genetic relationships among the Brassica species would be beneficial information for improvement programs designed to increase carotenoid values.

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Susana, Rini, i Denah Suswati. "Ketersediaan Cd, Gejala Toksisitas dan Pertumbuhan 3 Spesies Brassicaceae pada Media Gambut yang Dikontaminasi Kadmium (Cd)". Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 1, nr 2 (27.07.2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/plt.v1i2.409.

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Cadmium is a heavy metal and non-essential element but easily absorbed by plants and transferred to the shoots. Cadmium accumulation in various plant species showed varying responses. This research aimed to study the availability of Cd, the toxicity symptoms and growth of three species of Brassicaceae (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis, Brassica rapa var. pekinensis, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) on Cd-contaminated peat soil. Contaminant Cd and soil were mixed in different dosages i.e. 2 mgkg-1 Cd, 4 mgkg-1 Cd, 8 mgkg-1 Cd, 16 mgkg-1 Cd and 32 mgkg-1 Cd and used to fill growth pot (5kg/pot). The results showed that the addition of Cd contaminant produces Exchangable-Cd in growth media on range 0.1477 mgkg-1 up to 2.8459 mgkg-1 and influenced fresh weight of shoot of crops used except Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra. Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra showed more tolerant to high Cd exposure, no symptoms of toxicity found so far, while Brassica rapa var. parachinensis and Brassica rapa var. pekinensis showed stunting and chlorosis symptoms as excess of Cd in growth media

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Gan, Y., S. S. Malhi, S. A. Brandt i C. L. McDonald. "Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07028.

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Use of appropriate harvest management can minimize the yield loss of crucifer crops due to seed and pod shattering. This study determined the difference among five canola/mustard species in the degree of resistance to seed shattering and yield losses. Sinapis alba yellow mustard AC Base, Brassica juncea canola Amulet, Brassica juncea mustard Cutlass, Brassica rapa canola Hysyn, and Brassica napus canola InVigor 2663 were grown at Star City, Scott and Swift Current, SK, from 2004 to 2006. Seed yield was highest for napus canola (2146 kg ha-1), followed by juncea mustard (1971 kg ha-1) and juncea and rapa canola, while alba mustard (1547 kg ha-1) was the lowest. Straight combining compared with swathing resulted in 13% greater seed yield for juncea canola and juncea mustard, and 7% greater for rapa canola, while napus canola did not show yield difference between the two operation regimes. Under high shattering conditions, juncea mustard shed about 400 pods m-2, significantly greater than the four other species. Rapa canola had the lowest number of shed pods. Juncea mustard and napus canola had largest yield loss (about 7% of the total seed yield) during straight combining, followed by alba mustard (5%), and rapa and juncea canola (< 4%). Selection of shattering resistant species and use of straight combining can minimize seed yield losses in the production of crucifer oilseed crops. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, swathing, straight–combine

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Umami, Nafiatul, Yogi Sidik Prasojo i Miftahush Shirothul Haq. "Morphological Characteristics and Biomass Production Brassica rapa var. Marco During the Dry Season". ANIMAL PRODUCTION 24, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.1.107.

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This study aimed to determine morphological, adaptability, and biomass production of Brassica rapa var. Marco planted in Karang Malang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia during the dry season. The seeds used were the introduced feed plants Brassica rapa var. Pillar from Crop Mark Seed Company New Zealand. The seeds were spread in 1 m2 plots. Each plant had 3 replicates at the end of rainy season (March) and defoliation in September. The variables observed in this study were plant growth and plant morphology. Also, biomass production, dry matter (DM), and organic matter (OM) content of each plant were statistically analyzed by independent sample t-test. Biomass production was taken from the first and second defoliation (first regrowth). The plant morphology showed that the plants could develop well. The plant growth showed that dry matter production of Brassica rapa var. Pillar was 1.15 tonnes/ha/year. The first and second defoliation of Brassica rapa var. Marco produced 1.61 tonnes/ha (DM 9.89% and OM 79.99) and 2.47 tones/ha (DM 9.17% and OM 84.82%), respectively, indicating significant difference. It can be concluded that the varieties of Brassica rapa var. Marco can thrive when planted during the dry season in Yogyakarta.

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Safitri, Nora. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LIMBAH AIR TAHU DAN LIMBAH LIMBAH AIR CUCIAN BERAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L)." Jurnal Jeumpa 8, nr 2 (8.11.2021): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jj.v8i2.3801.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian limbah air tahu dan limbah air cucian beras terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L). Penelitian ini menggunakan Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pegumpulan data dan dokumentasi. Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan sistem RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap), penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Birem Rayeuk, Kec. Birem Bayeun, Kab. Aceh Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 perlakuan dan 4 pengulangan yang terdiri dari (Po = Kontol, P1= 30% perlakuan, P2= 60% perlakuan, P3= 80% perlakuan, P4 = 100% perlakuan). Data hasil penelitian ini di uji dengan ANOVA dan akan diuji lanjut dengan BNJ. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah air tahu dan limbah air cucian beras sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy (Brassica Rapa L), dengan perlakuan P4 kosentrasi 100% menuunjukkan bahwa P4 merupakan perlakuan yang paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L). Dibuktikan dengan tinggi tanaman rata-rata 71,775 cm jumlah daun rata-rata 50,85 berat basah rata-rata 94 gram sehingga dapat diketahui perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L). Kata Kunci : Limbah Air Cucian Beras, Limbah Air Tahu, tumbuhan Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L).

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Hill, Curtis B., Paul H. Williams, Diana G. Carlson i H. L. Tookey. "Variation in Glucosinolates in Oriental Brassica Vegetables". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, nr 2 (marzec 1987): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.2.309.

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Abstract The glucosinolates (GSs) were estimated in the normally eaten portions of 72 cultivars of Oriental brassica vegetables including mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Chinese kale (B. oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Bail.), Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. Pekinensis Group Bail.), pak choy (B. rapa Chinensis Group Bail.), tendergreen (B. rapa Perviridis Group Bail.), turnip (B. rapa L. Rapifera Group Bail., B. narinosa Bail., and B. nipposinica Bail.). Variation in GS profiles was complex. There was variation in percentages of major GSs and total GS among B. juncea, B. oleracea, and the combination B. rapa plus narinosa and nipposinica and among four subspecific groups of rapa plus the two species closely related to rapa: narinosa and nipposinica. B. juncea had distinctively high proportions of allyl-GS, ranging from 81% to 94%, whereas B. oleracea had distinctively high proportions of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GS, ranging from 9% to 68%. Differences in GS profiles among the rapa groups, narinosa and nipposinica, were less distinctive. Cultivars of pak choy from China differed in percentages of three minor GSs from cultivars from Japan and elsewhere. There was also variation among cultivars of Chinese kale and between turnip foliage and roots.

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Gulden, R. H., S. I. Warwick i A. G. Thomas. "The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, nr 5 (1.09.2008): 951–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07203.

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Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicide-resistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology

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Zhuang, Hongmei, Qiang Wang, Hongwei Han, Huifang Liu i Hao Wang. "Single-Molecule Real-Time Transcript Sequencing of Turnips Unveiling the Complexity of the Turnip Transcriptome". G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, nr 10 (7.08.2020): 3505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401434.

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To generate the full-length transcriptome of Xinjiang green and purple turnips, Brassica rapa var. Rapa, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The samples of two varieties of Brassica rapa var. Rapa at five developmental stages were collected and combined to perform SMRT sequencing. Meanwhile, next generation sequencing was performed to correct SMRT sequencing data. A series of analyses were performed to investigate the transcript structure. Finally, the obtained transcripts were mapped to the genome of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinesis Chiifu to identify potential novel transcripts. For green turnip (F01), a total of 19.54 Gb clean data were obtained from 8 cells. The number of reads of insert (ROI) and full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were 510,137 and 267,666. In addition, 82,640 consensus isoforms were obtained in the isoform sequences clustering, of which 69,480 were high-quality, and 13,160 low-quality sequences were corrected using Illumina RNA seq data. For purple turnip (F02), there were 20.41 Gb clean data, 552,829 ROIs, and 274,915 FLNC sequences. A total of 93,775 consensus isoforms were obtained, of which 78,798 were high-quality, and the 14,977 low-quality sequences were corrected. Following the removal of redundant sequences, there were 46,516 and 49,429 non-redundant transcripts for F01 and F02, respectively; 7,774 and 9,385 alternative splicing events were predicted for F01 and F02; 63,890 simple sequence repeats, 59,460 complete coding sequences, and 535 long-non coding RNAs were predicted. Moreover, 5,194 and 5,369 novel transcripts were identified by mapping to Brassica rapa ssp. pekinesis Chiifu. The obtained transcriptome data may improve turnip genome annotation and facilitate further study of the Brassica rapa var. Rapa genome and transcriptome.

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Choudhary, B. R., P. Joshi i S. Ramarao. "Interspecific hybridization between Brassica carinata and Brassica rapa". Plant Breeding 119, nr 5 (październik 2000): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00503.x.

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Klein-Gebbinck, H. W., i D. L. Woods. "Number of check rows required to select summer turnip rape for resistance to brown girdling root rot". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, nr 2 (1.04.2004): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-132.

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Brown girdling root rot is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica rapa) in the Peace river region. Breeding for resistance to this disease up to now has relied on field screening, with every alternate row as a check. Examination of the distribution of brown girdling root rot from spaced rows of Brassica rapa ‘Tobin’ revealed that there would be a minimal loss of precision in breeding programs by reducing the frequency of check rows to one in four, which represents a considerable saving in cost compared with the current practice. Key words: Turnip rape, Brassica rapa, brown girdling root rot, resistance, selection technique

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25

Woods, D. L. "AC Sunshine summer turnip rape". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, nr 2 (1.04.1995): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-080.

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AC Sunshine summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality cultivar that is well adapted to the short and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. It has higher oil and protein content than Tobin. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description

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Tanhuanpää, Pirjo, Johanna Vilkki, Juha Vilkki i Seppo Pulli. "Genetic polymorphism at RAPD loci in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera)". Agricultural and Food Science 2, nr 4 (1.07.1993): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72653.

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In this study we analyzed polymorphism at RAPD loci in an outbreeding species, spring turnip rape. The reproducibility of individual RAPD patterns was high when the DNA templates were of equal quality and quantity. It was possible to use both a rapid DNA extraction method and DNA extracted from a combined sample of ten individuals without losing any of the major fragments. When different cultivars were compared for RAPD pattern, most polymorphic loci exhibited differences only in allele frequency. However, we also found fragments which were amplified only from certain cultivars. It was concluded that RAPD markers provide a fast and reliable method for analyzing individuals and cultivars of turnip rape.

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27

Muthusamy, Muthusamy, Sang Ryeol Park, Jong-In Park i Soo In Lee. "Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection Modulates Expansin Genes of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis". Agriculture 12, nr 9 (8.09.2022): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091416.

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Clubroot is a soil-borne disease of cruciferous crops, including Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, and causes substantial yield losses. In an attempt to develop clubroot-resistant B. rapa cultivars, we investigated the role of a root-abundant expansin-like B1 (EXLB1) during Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculation. The histochemical analyses of infected transgenic reporter lines showed a role for BrEXLB1 in disease response as early as 3 dpi. The transgenic overexpression of EXLB1 in B. rapa conferred disease-sensitive phenotypes and was comparable to non-transgenic controls at 30 dpi. In contrast, the heterogeneous population of antisense BrEXLB1-overexpressing lines conferred disease resistance against highly pathogenic P. brassicae race 2 inoculations under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, we profiled the relative expression of 32 other BrEXPs in wild-type seedlings, sampled on different days (1–10) after inoculation using qRT-PCR. The results indicate that the expression pattern of most BrEXP genes was significantly altered during different infection times, suggesting their participation in clubroot responses. In particular, the expressions of EXPA20, EXPA21, and EXPA34 were consistently downregulated, while the expression of EXPA5 was upregulated (log2FC ≥ 2) compared to controls. Altogether, our study showed that BrEXPs participate in clubroot disease response, and their genetic manipulation is likely to provide clubroot disease resistance.

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28

Elling, Barbara, Maren Hochkirch, Barbara Neuffer i Walter Bleeker. "Hybridisation between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and tetraploid Brassica rapa under field conditions". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 205, nr 6 (2010): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.026.

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Kortesniemi, Maaria, Anssi L. Vuorinen, Jari Sinkkonen, Baoru Yang, Ari Rajala i Heikki Kallio. "NMR metabolomics of ripened and developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa)". Food Chemistry 172 (kwiecień 2015): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.040.

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Hong, Chang Pyo, Soo-Jin Kwon, Jung Sun Kim, Tae-Jin Yang, Beom-Seok Park i Yong Pyo Lim. "Progress in Understanding and Sequencing the Genome of Brassica rapa". International Journal of Plant Genomics 2008 (24.01.2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/582837.

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Brassica rapa, which is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, is an important crop and a model plant for studying genome evolution via polyploidization. We report the current understanding of the genome structure of B. rapa and efforts for the whole-genome sequencing of the species. The tribe Brassicaceae, which comprises ca. 240 species, descended from a common hexaploid ancestor with a basic genome similar to that of Arabidopsis. Chromosome rearrangements, including fusions and/or fissions, resulted in the present-day “diploid” Brassica species with variation in chromosome number and phenotype. Triplicated genomic segments of B. rapa are collinear to those of A. thaliana with InDels. The genome triplication has led to an approximately 1.7-fold increase in the B. rapa gene number compared to that of A. thaliana. Repetitive DNA of B. rapa has also been extensively amplified and has diverged from that of A. thaliana. For its whole-genome sequencing, the Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project (BrGSP) consortium has developed suitable genomic resources and constructed genetic and physical maps. Ten chromosomes of B. rapa are being allocated to BrGSP consortium participants, and each chromosome will be sequenced by a BAC-by-BAC approach. Genome sequencing of B. rapa will offer a new perspective for plant biology and evolution in the context of polyploidization.

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31

Simard, Marie-Josée, Anne Légère i Suzanne I. Warwick. "Transgenic Brassica napus fields and Brassica rapa weeds in Quebec: sympatry and weed-crop in situ hybridization". Canadian Journal of Botany 84, nr 12 (grudzień 2006): 1842–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-135.

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Hybridization between the herbicide-resistant transgenic crop Brassica napus L. (canola) and its weedy relative Brassica rapa L. (bird rape) has been documented in Quebec. Our goal was to evaluate the actual hybridization potential based on range overlap and actual in situ hybridization rates. This was done by mapping B. napus canola fields, comparing them with the sampling locations of B. rapa herbarium specimens from Quebec, gathering information on the presence of B. rapa in certified canola seed production fields, and surveying for B. rapa populations located in, or close to B. napus field margins. Progeny from these populations were screened for herbicide resistance (HR) and for the presence of the HR transgene. Two fields were also selected to evaluate B. rapa density effects on hybridization rates. Significant sympatry was observed in several areas of the province; hybridization occurred in all eight populations (1.1% to 17.5% hybrid seed) located in field margins and in one (1.1%) out of three populations located less than 10 m from a B. napus field. Hybridization rates decreased exponentially as B. rapa density increased, but interplant rates (0% to 68%) were highly variable. Environmental problems could be generated by the release of B. napus crops with traits conferring fitness benefits in nonmanaged areas.

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32

Yildirim, E., N. Yildirim, S. Ercisli, G. Agar i H. Karlidag. "Genetic relationships among turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) genotypes". Genetics and Molecular Research 9, nr 2 (2010): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol9-2gmr786.

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Woods, D. L., R. K. Gugel i K. C. Falk. "CB 9940 and CB 9941 summer turnip rapes". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, nr 3 (1.07.2001): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-124.

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Two canola-quality summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) lines that are resistant to blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.] have been developed. Glucosinolates are marginally higher, while seed yields and oil contents are lower than the check cultivars. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, germplasm description, blackleg resistance

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Cartea, Elena, Antonio De Haro-Bailón, Guillermo Padilla, Sara Obregón-Cano, Mercedes del Rio-Celestino i Amando Ordás. "Seed Oil Quality of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa Germplasm from Northwestern Spain". Foods 8, nr 8 (27.07.2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080292.

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The seed oil content and the fatty acid composition of a germplasm collection of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa currently grown in Galicia (northwestern Spain) were evaluated in order to identify potentially interesting genotypes and to assess their suitability as oilseed crops for either edible or industrial purposes. The seeds of the B. rapa landraces had higher oil content (mean 47.3%) than those of B. napus (mean 42.8%). The landraces of both species showed a similar fatty acid profile (12% oleic acid, 13% linoleic acid, 8–9% linolenic acid, 8–9% eicosenoic acid, and 50–51% erucic acid). They were very high in erucic acid content, which is nutritionally undesirable in a vegetable oil, and very low in oleic and linoleic acid contents. Therefore, they could be used for industrial purposes but not as edible oil. The erucic acid content ranged from 42% to 54% of the total fatty acid composition with an average value of 50% in the B. napus landraces whereas in B. rapa, it ranged from 43% to 57%, with an average value of 51%. Considering the seed oil and the erucic acid content together, three varieties within the B. napus collection and two varieties within the B. rapa one seem to be the most promising genotypes for industrial purposes.

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35

Balashova, I. T., L. L. Bondareva, E. V. Pinchuk, A. V. Molchanova, T. E. Shevchenko i N. E. Mashcenco. "Cultivation of <I>Brassica rapa</I> L. subsp. <I>nipposinica</I> plants at the multi circle hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators". Vegetable crops of Russia, nr 6 (9.12.2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-6-59-65.

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Relevance. Modern vegetable production in greenhouses is based on high tech-advantageous, such as vertical hydroponic technology. Increasing of vertical hydroponic market is conditioned with ensuring the food security of states in conditions instability of food deliveries due to violations of traditional logistic connections. The program of vertical tomato hydroponics was developed and used in practice at the FSBSI FSVC in 2010-2020. Productivity potential of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at vertical hydroponic installation have been studied in connection with the spread of consumption of fresh greens and “yellow-green” vegetables.The goal of the study was: the productivity characteristics and analysis of biochemical composition Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at the five-circle vertical hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators.Materials and methods. Materials of study: seeds and leaves (rosette of leaves) from 2 varieties of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica – Japanese variety Salad Mizuna and new variety Salut Jubileiu (originated from FSBSI FSVC); immune modulators – flavonoid glycoside linarozide and steroid glycosides moldstim and trigonellozide.Methods. Seed treatment with 0,005%-water solutions of immune modulators; cultivation plants Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica at the five-circle vertical hydroponic construction; analytical methods: determination of dry meter; determination the sum of antioxidants in leaves of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica; biometry; statistical methods: one-factorial dispersion analysis and two-factorial dispersion analysis.Results. Possibility of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants cultivation at multi circle hydroponic installations was established by authors. Seed treatment with water solutions of immune modulators wasn’t influence on seedlings appearing (the quality of seeds was very high -99-100%). Height of plant (of rosette) the variety Mizuna was increased as the reaction on the seed treatment, but the weight of plants wasn’t change. Salut Jubileiu variety reacted with increasing the common weight of plants. Number of leaves was increased. The content of dry matter in leaves didn’t change, but the sum content of antioxidants is rise significantly after seed treatment of immune modulators. The conclusion has been made: applying of immune modulators from glycosides class could to increase the productivity, vitamin value and safety cultivation of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants at multi circle hydroponics installation.

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Ari Widya, Surya, Moch Arifin i Sri Wiyatiningsih. "Combination of FOBIO biopesticide and Brassica rapa L. as remediator of heavy metal Pb in soil". Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering 5, nr 1 (31.07.2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.6.

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Marginal soil is infertile soil caused by various factors, one of which is the excessive accumulation of heavy metals. FOBIO microorganism-based biopesticide formula containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria is expected to be used to reduce excess heavy metals in the soil. Brasica rapa L. is a variety resistant to Pb heavy metal stress and absorbs more heavy metals into root tissue than leaf tissue with the help of microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the combination of Brassica rapa L. and FOBIO biopesticide in absorbing Pb in the soil, determine the growth of Brassica rapa L. at each Pb concentration, and determine the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil at each level of Pb stress after remediation. This study used variations in the concentration of heavy metals, particularly Pb. Parameters observed included plant growth, Pb concentration in the soil before and after remediation, and the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The results showed that combining FOBIO biopesticides and Brassica rapa L. could reduce Pb concentration in the soil. The growth of Brassica rapa L. plants was significantly different after treatment. The findings confirmed that increasing, the concentration of Pb led to a decrease in the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

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Lydiate, Derek J., Rachel L. Rusholme Pilcher, Erin E. Higgins i John A. Walsh. "Genetic control of immunity to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) pathotype 1 in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage)". Genome 57, nr 8 (sierpień 2014): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0070.

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Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the major virus infecting crops of the genus Brassica worldwide. A dominant resistance gene, TuRB01b, that confers immunity to the virus isolate UK 1 (a representative pathotype 1 isolate of TuMV) on Brassica rapa was identified in the Chinese cabbage cultivar Tropical Delight. The TuRB01b locus was mapped to a 2.9-cM interval on B. rapa chromosome 6 (A6) that was flanked by RFLP markers pN101e1 and pW137e1. This mapping used a first backcross (B1) population segregating for the resistance gene at TuRB01b and sets of RFLP markers employed in previous mapping experiments in Brassica. Virus–plant interaction phenotypes were assayed in inbred progeny derived from B1 individuals to allow different virus isolates to be tested. Comparative mapping confirmed that A6 of B. rapa was equivalent to chromosome 6 of Brassica napus (A6) and that the map position of TuRB01b in B. rapa could be identical to that of TuRB01 in B. napus. Detailed evaluation of plant–virus interactions showed that TuRB01 and TuRB01b had indistinguishable specificities to a range of TuMV isolates. The possibility that TuRB01 and TuRB01b represent similar or identical alleles at the same A genome resistance locus suggests that B. napus acquired TuRB01 from the B. rapa gene pool.

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Woods, D. L., i K. C. Falk. "AC Sungold summer turnip rape". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, nr 2 (1.04.2001): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-107.

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AC Sungold summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is an open-pollinated canola-quality cultivar adapted to the short season growing areas of western Canada. It combines a higher oil and protein content than the check varieties with a good level of resistance to white rust. Key words: Summer turnip rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description

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Adhikari, Kalpana K. C., Mary Ruth McDonald i Bruce D. Gossen. "Reaction to Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 6 in Lines of Brassica Vegetables, Wisconsin Fast Plants, and Canola". HortScience 47, nr 3 (marzec 2012): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.374.

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Field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2010 to assess the disease reaction to clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, in selected lines of Brassica spp., including short-season vegetable crops [Shanghai pak choy (B. rapa subsp. Chinensis var. communis)], Chinese flowering cabbage (B. rapa subsp. Chinensis var. utilis), and napa cabbage (B. rapa subsp. Pekinensis), the Rapid Cycling Brassica Collection (RCBC), also known as Wisconsin Fast Plants, and spring canola (B. napus). The trials were conducted on naturally infested soil with P. brassicae at the Muck Crops Research Station in Ontario, Canada, where pathotype 6 is predominant. Clubroot incidence and severity were higher in 2008 and 2010 compared with 2009. The lines of Shanghai pak choy and Chinese flowering cabbage were highly susceptible to clubroot, but each of the clubroot-resistant cultivars of napa cabbage, ‘Deneko’, ‘Bilko’, and ‘Yuki’, was highly resistant to pathotype 6. Among the RCBC lines, B. carinata and B. juncea were highly susceptible and could be used as susceptible models for further studies. Two RCBC lines, B. napus and R. sativus, were resistant to pathotype 6. Two of the canola cultivars, 46A76 and 46A65, were susceptible, but two others, ‘45H21’ and ‘Invigor 5020LL’, were highly resistant to pathotype 6. This difference in response can be exploited in future studies of clubroot reaction in canola.

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Wechter, W. Patrick, Mark W. Farnham, J. Powell Smith i Anthony P. Keinath. "Identification of Resistance to Peppery Leaf Spot among Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa Plant Introductions". HortScience 42, nr 5 (sierpień 2007): 1140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.5.1140.

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Brassica leafy greens (Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L.) represent one of the most economically important vegetable crop groups in the southeastern United States. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of a leaf-spot disease on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. This disease, known as peppery leaf spot, is now causing serious crop losses and has been attributed to the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm). To date, it appears that all cultivars of the Brassica leafy greens are susceptible, and available pesticides for control of this disease appear unable to reduce the disease to acceptable levels. Thus, we undertook a search for potential resistance to this disease among accessions of B. juncea and B. rapa included in the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) collection. In greenhouse trials, we screened commercial cultivars and 672 U.S. PIs (226 B. juncea and 446 B. rapa) for resistance to Psm with artificial inoculation. Although severity of disease symptoms was significantly different among inoculated accessions, no acceptable levels of resistance were found in any of the more than 400 B. rapa accessions tested. Only two B. juncea accessions (PI 195553 and G 30988) of 226 tested had acceptable levels of resistance that might prove economically useful.

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Li, Xiaonan, Nirala Ramchiary, Su Ryun Choi, Dan Van Nguyen, Md Jamil Hossain, Hyeon Kook Yang i Yong Pyo Lim. "Development of a high density integrated reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing ProjectThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”." Genome 53, nr 11 (listopad 2010): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-054.

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We constructed a high-density Brassica rapa integrated linkage map by combining a reference genetic map of 78 doubled haploid lines derived from Chiifu-401-42 × Kenshin (CKDH) and a new map of 190 F2 lines derived from Chiifu-401-42 × rapid cycling B. rapa (CRF2). The integrated map contains 1017 markers and covers 1262.0 cM of the B. rapa genome, with an average interlocus distance of 1.24 cM. High similarity of marker order and position was observed among the linkage groups of the maps with few short-distance inversions. In total, 155 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, anchored to 102 new bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and 146 intron polymorphic (IP) markers were mapped in the integrated map, which would be helpful to align the sequenced BACs in the ongoing multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project (BrGSP). Further, comparison of the B. rapa consensus map with the 10 B. juncea A-genome linkage groups by using 98 common IP markers showed high-degree colinearity between the A-genome linkage groups, except for few markers showing inversion or translocation. Suggesting that chromosomes are highly conserved between these Brassica species, although they evolved independently after divergence. The sequence information coming out of BrGSP would be useful for B. juncea breeding. and the identified Arabidopsis chromosomal blocks and known quantitative trait loci (QTL) information of B. juncea could be applied to improve other Brassica crops including B. rapa.

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Sohn, Soo-In, Senthil Kumar Thamilarasan, Subramani Pandian, Young-Ju Oh, Tae-Hun Ryu, Gang-Seob Lee i Eun-Kyoung Shin. "Interspecific Hybridization of Transgenic Brassica napus and Brassica rapa—An Overview". Genes 13, nr 8 (13.08.2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081442.

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In nature, interspecific hybridization occurs frequently and can contribute to the production of new species or the introgression of beneficial adaptive features between species. It has great potential in agricultural systems to boost the process of targeted crop improvement. In the advent of genetically modified (GM) crops, it has a disadvantage that it involves the transgene escaping to unintended plants, which could result in non-specific weedy crops. Several crop species in the Brassica genus have close kinship: canola (Brassica napus) is an ancestral hybrid of B. rapa and B. oleracea and mustard species such as B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. nigra share common genomes. Hence, intraspecific hybridization among the Brassica species is most common, especially between B. napus and B. rapa. In general, interspecific hybrids cause numerous genetic and phenotypic changes in the parental lines. Consequently, their fitness and reproductive ability are also highly varied. In this review, we discuss the interspecific hybridization and reciprocal hybridization studies of B. napus and B. rapa and their potential in the controlled environment. Further, we address the fate of transgenes (herbicide resistance) and their ability to transfer to their progenies or generations. This could help us to understand the environmental influence of interspecific hybrids and how to effectively manage their transgene escape in the future.

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Dela Cruz, Angel Lhi, Chinitt P. Sinco, Ma Lourdes S. Cantor, Michelle T. Viña, Jolai R. Garcia-Bolaños, Rikka Bianca J. Condes i Romeo Jr B. Bordios. "Responses of Brassica rapa “Bokchoy” to Varying Light Intensities Grown Under Hydroponic System". American Journal of Environment and Climate 1, nr 2 (18.08.2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i2.486.

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Climate change compounds matters because agriculture is dependent on land. Soilless system production is attractive since it allows for the use of unproductive land for agriculture while reducing water use. The light intensities in one-, two-, and three-layer treatments affect Brassica rapa growth and development, according to the discussion and conclusions. The three-layer net group outgrew the one-layer control group in terms of growth and development. Brassica rapa's development and maturity were influenced by light intensities. Plant growth and yield improve as the number of Brassica rapa layers increases. Varying effects on plant output, fresh weight, water consumption, and leaf tissue in the intensities of light. The study discovered that light had an impact potentially in Brassica rapa in hydroponic systems. The temperature of the environment can stymie development, manufacturing, and diffusion. The findings indicate that the cultivar is more resistant to light stress.

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Scott, Susan E., i Mike J. Wilkinson. "Low probability of chloroplast movement from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) into wild Brassica rapa". Nature Biotechnology 17, nr 4 (kwiecień 1999): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7952.

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Woods, D. L., T. K. Turkington, D. McLaren i J. G. N. Davidson. "Breeding summer turnip rape for resistance to brown girdling root rot". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-023.

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Screening of 260 Brassica rapa lines resulted in identification of five lines with partial resistance to brown girdling root rot (BGRR). A method for simultaneously selecting for canola quality traits and reduced disease susceptibility was developed and used to screen progeny of crosses to BGRR susceptible canola quality lines. Key words: Turnip rape, Brassica rapa, brown girdling root rot, resistance

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46

Bell, J. M., i G. Rakow. "Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, nr 3 (1.09.1996): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-061.

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A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba

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Suwabe, Keita, Colin Morgan i Ian Bancroft. "Integration of Brassica A genome genetic linkage map between Brassica napus and B. rapa". Genome 51, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-113.

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An integrated linkage map between B. napus and B. rapa was constructed based on a total of 44 common markers comprising 41 SSR (33 BRMS, 6 Saskatoon, and 2 BBSRC) and 3 SNP/indel markers. Between 3 and 7 common markers were mapped onto each of the linkage groups A1 to A10. The position and order of most common markers revealed a high level of colinearity between species, although two small regions on A4, A5, and A10 revealed apparent local inversions between them. These results indicate that the A genome of Brassica has retained a high degree of colinearity between species, despite each species having evolved independently after the integration of the A and C genomes in the amphidiploid state. Our results provide a genetic integration of the Brassica A genome between B. napus and B. rapa. As the analysis employed sequence-based molecular markers, the information will accelerate the exploitation of the B. rapa genome sequence for the improvement of oilseed rape.

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Denman, Tayler D., Dennis W. Hancock, S. Leanne Dillard, Nicholas T. Basinger i John D. Hale. "Determining the Effect of Planting Date and Land Preparation Method on Seedling Emergence, Forage Mass, and Forage Nutritive Value of Forage Brassica". Agronomy 11, nr 6 (10.06.2021): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061184.

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Forage brassicas are used as a forage in monoculture and multispecies mixtures, yet research defining best management practices is limited. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of land preparation method and planting date on establishment, forage mass, and quality of two Brassica species, ‘Inspiration’ canola (Brassica napus L.) and ‘T-Raptor’ hybrid turnip (B. rapa subsp. rapa × B. rapa L.). Each experiment was a randomized complete block design evaluating four land preparation methods: (conventional till (CT), no-till after burning (NB), no-till after mowing (NM), and no-till without residue removal (NR)), and four planting dates: (1 September (S1), 15 September (S15), 1 October (O1), and 15 October (O15)). Significant differences were observed for the canola seedling emergence, but are not of biological significance. Hybrid turnip seedling emergence was the greatest for the CT treatment and consistently greater than NM and NR treatments. Forage mass in the canola study was greatest for the CT and NB. Hybrid turnip forage mass demonstrated similar trends to the canola. CT had the greatest mass and the NR and NM treatments tended to provide the lowest forage mass. Across both studies, earlier planting dates (S1 and S15) resulted in greater overall forage mass than the later planting dates (O1 and O15). Forage nutritive value overall was lower in earlier planted brassica; however, forage nutritive value was not reduced enough to negatively impact livestock.

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Bouadid, Ismail, Ayoub Amssayef, Nadia Lahrach, Ahmed El-Haidani i Mohamed Eddouks. "Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa Exerts Antihyperglycemic Activity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats". Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets 21, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871529x21666211209114436.

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Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of Brassica rapa. Background: Brassica rapa (turnip) is used as an antidiabetic plant. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Brassica rapa seeds (AEBRS) on glycemia in vivo. Methods: The effect of AEBRS (60 mg/kg) on glycemia and lipid profiles was evaluated. Besides, preliminary phytochemical analysis and the in vitro antioxidant effect were evaluated. Results: AEBRS caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (p<0.0001). In contrast, no significant effect was observed on lipid profiles, whereas antioxidant potential of this extract has been shown. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of many important phytochemical families. Conclusion: The present study shows that AEBRS has a potent antihyperglycemic ability in diabetic rats.

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Liu, Huishan, Chinedu Charles Nwafor, Yinglan Piao, Xiaonan Li, Zongxiang Zhan i Zhongyun Piao. "Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Brassica rapa in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 10 (11.05.2022): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105369.

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Plasmodiophora brassicae is a soil-borne pathogen that attacks the roots of cruciferous plants and causes clubroot disease. CircRNAs are noncoding RNAs, widely existing in plant and animal species. Although knowledge of circRNAs has been updated continuously and rapidly, information about circRNAs in the regulation of clubroot disease resistance is extremely limited in Brassica rapa. Here, Chinese cabbage (BJN 222) containing clubroot resistance genes (CRa) against P. brassicae Pb4 was susceptible to PbE. To investigate the mechanism of cicRNAs responsible for clubroot disease resistance in B. rapa, circRNA-seq was performed with roots of ‘BJN 222’ at 0, 8, and 23 days post-inoculated (dpi) with Pb4 and PbE. A total of 231 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified between the groups. Based on the differentially expressed circRNAs, the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed using the target genes directly or indirectly related to plant resistance. Upregulated novel_circ_000495 suppressed the expression of miR5656-y, leading to the upregulation of Bra026508, which might cause plant resistance. Our results provide new insights into clubroot resistance mechanisms and lay a foundation for further studies exploring complex gene regulation networks in B. rapa.

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