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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Broken sequences of memory”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 22 czerwca 2025

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1

Korneev, Aleksei, Dmitry Lomakin, Andrei Kurgansky, and Regina Machinskaya. "Working memory for sequences of verbal stimuli: The impact of stimulus type and presentation mode." Russian Journal of Cognitive Science 9, no. 1-2 (2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47010/22.1-2.4.

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Previous studies have shown that the use of a static or dynamic mode of presenting a non-verbal series (a sequence of strokes that make up a broken line, like an open polygonal chain), as well as varying the retention time of this information in working memory, can affect the accuracy and temporal characteristics of the sequence reproduction. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the presentation mode and the retention time on the memorization and reproduction of a sequence of verbal items. For this purpose, adult subjects were asked to memorize and reproduce sequences of letters and digits which were visually presented either simultaneously (statically) or sequentially (dynamically). The response delay time (500 or 3000 ms) and the length of the sequences (from 3 to 5 elements) were varied. As dependent variables, the accuracy of stimulus reproduction and the reaction time were computed. It turned out that the memorization of verbal sequences depended on the presentation mode (static or dynamic), and the static mode seemed to lead to a more complete representation of the memorized sequences. It was shown that the sequences of letters and digits are memorized differently. It is assumed that, unlike sequences of letters, sequences of digits are stored in working memory not as a sequence of individual elements but as shorter sequences of larger chunks or even as a whole. In contrast to the situation of reproducing a broken line, in the case of reproducing verbal sequences, no significant change in the reaction time was revealed when the time of information retention in working memory was varied

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Korneev, Aleksei A., Dmitry I. Lomakin, Andrei V. Kurgansky, and Regina I. Machinskaya. "The Memorisation of Verbal and Nonverbal Serial Information by Children 9–11 Years Old." National Psychological Journal 19, no. 4 (2024): 132–47. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2024.0409.

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Background. The mechanisms of serial information retention in working memory (WM) in children are an important and debated topic. It is related to both general theoretical ideas about memory and practical issues of learning organization. Despite numerous studies of WM regarding the retention of verbal and non-verbal sequences as well as differently presented sequences (as static or dynamic objects), there are virtually no studies that consider both the factor of modality and the way of sequence presentation. Objective. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of delayed reproduction of verbal and non-verbal sequences by children aged 9–11 years. Study Participants. Typically developing children (n = 19, mean age 10.75±0.57) Methods. Subjects were asked to remember and recall the sequences of letters, digits, and segments that formed a broken curve. In the experiment, we varied length, retention time, and presentation mode (static or dynamic). Accuracy and reaction time were analyzed. Results. Analysis of accuracy showed that numerical sequences were best remembered, and letter sequences were worst remembered, static information was remembered better than dynamic, accuracy decreased with time and with increasing length of a sequence. Also, the analysis revealed dependence of accuracy of broken curve reproduction on the presentation mode and retention time, but these factors showed no effect on the reproduction of verbal sequences. Reaction time significantly decreased with increasing retention time for nonverbal sequences. Conclusion. Verbal and nonverbal sequences presented statically and dynamically are stored differently in children's WM. Apparently, verbal stimuli are remembered as a sequence in any presentation mode, while numerical sequences can be stored as multidigit numbers, and nonverbal sequences as a single object when presented statically and as a sequence when presented dynamically. During the retention of sequences in WM, the representations of non-verbal information are more mutable than the representations of verbal information.

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Kurgansky, А. V., A. A. Korneev, D. I. Lomakin, and R. I. Machinskaya. "Retention of verbal and nonverbal information in the working memory. An analysis of functional and effective connectivity." Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова 74, no. 2 (2024): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044467724020076.

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In this work we estimated differences in the structure of brain systems that ensure encoding and retention in working memory (WM) of two types of information: verbal (letters) and non-verbal (segments of an open broken line) sequences presented either statically or dynamically. Brain systems were characterized by the strength of functional and effective connections between eight approximately bilaterally symmetrical cortical loci, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and regions of the temporal (STG), parietal (IPS), and occipital (v2) cortices. Using an 8-channel vector autoregressive model in the space of cortical EEG sources, it was shown in a group of subjects in whom high-density EEG was recorded that: (1) the brain organization of the WM when holding a sequence of letters differs from that when holding a sequence of broken line segments; (2) the brain organization of the WM depends on the mode of presentation of sequences: the strength of the functional connection is different during dynamic and static presentation of the sequence; (3) differences in the structure of functional and effective connections are not of a pronounced frequency-selective nature and are observed in all studied EEG frequency ranges from theta (4–8 Hz) to high-frequency gamma (50–60 Hz); (4) the most reliable differences between the task of retaining a sequence of letters and the task of retaining a sequence of broken line segments are observed in the alpha and beta frequency ranges during static visual presentation of sequences in the strength of functional connectivity measured using coherence between the left hemisphere dlPFC and the right hemisphere STG, as well as in theta range between the right hemisphere dlPFC and the left visual cortex v2; (5) the most reliable difference between static and dynamic presentation modes is observed in the task of holding broken line segments in the gamma frequency range (50–60 Hz) between the dlPFC in the right hemisphere and the left visual cortex v2.

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Sahar Yaseen, Basim. "Parallel Search Using Probabilistic DNA Sticker Model to Cryptanyze One Time Pad Polyalphabetic Cipher." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20, no. 1 (2023): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.20.1.11.

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Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine a powerful algorithm of cryptography that can continue cryptanalyzing and attacking without the use of unconventional techniques. Although some of the substitution algorithms are old, such as Vigenère, Alberti, and Trithemius ciphers, they are considered powerful and cannot be broken. In this paper we produce the novelty algorithm, by using of biological computation as an unconventional search tool combined with an uninhibited analysis method is the vertical probabilistic model, that makes attacking and analyzing these ciphers possible and very easy to transform the problem from a complex to a linear one, which is a novelty achievement. The letters of the encoded message are processed in the form of segments of equal length, to report the available hardware components. Each letter codon represents a region of the memory strand, and the letters calculated for it are symbolized within the probabilistic model so that each pair has a triple encoding: the first is given as a memory strand encoding and the others are its complement in the sticker encoding; These encodings differ from one region to another. The solution space is calculated and then the parallel search process begins. Some memory complexities are excluded even though they are within the solution paths formed, because the natural language does not contain its sequences. The precision of the solution and the time consuming of access to it depend on the length of the processed text, and the precision of the solution is often inversely proportional to the speed of access to it. As an average of the time spent to reach the solution, a text with a length of 200 cipher characters needs approximately 15 minutes to give 98 % of the correct components of the specific hardware. The aim of the paper is to transform OTP substitution analysis from a NP problem to a O(n^m) problem, which makes it easier to find solutions to it easily with the available capabilities and to develop methods that are harnessed to attack difficult and powerful ciphers that differ in class and type from the OTP polyalphabetic substitution ciphers.

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5

Wang, Xuelian, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Laura Tsang, Andrea Brockman, and Mayumi Nakagawa. "Memory T Cells Specific for Novel Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) E6 Epitopes in Women Whose HPV16 Infection Has Become Undetectable." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 6 (2008): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00404-07.

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ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific T-cell response to the HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 protein has been shown to be associated with successful viral clearance. The patterns of CD8 T-cell epitopes within HPV16 E6 protein were previously studied in two women with HPV16 clearance. The goal of this study was to characterize these epitopes in terms of their minimal and optimal amino acid sequences and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction molecules. The presence of the epitope-specific memory T cells after viral clearance was also examined. In subject A, the dominant epitope was characterized to be E6 75-83 (KFYSKISEY), restricted by the HLA-B62 molecule, while that of subject B was E6 133-142 (HNIRGRWTGR), restricted by the HLA-A6801 molecule. Homologous epitopes were identified in five other high-risk HPV types for both of these epitopes, but they were not recognized by respective T-cell clone cells. An enzyme-linked immunospot assay or tetramer analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood samples collected after viral clearance but prior to isolation of the T-cell clones. The presence of epitope-specific memory T cells was demonstrated. These data suggest that HPV-specific memory T cells were generated in vivo and that they may remain in circulation many months, if not years, after viral clearance. Our findings broaden the spectrum of the CD8 T-cell epitopes of the HPV16 E6 protein. The characterization of novel T-cell epitopes and long-lasting epitope-specific memory T cells may be useful for the development of a potential epitope-based vaccine.

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Caplar, Neven, and Sandro Tacchella. "Stochastic modelling of star-formation histories I: the scatter of the star-forming main sequence." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 487, no. 3 (2019): 3845–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1449.

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ABSTRACT We present a framework for modelling the star-formation histories of galaxies as a stochastic process. We define this stochastic process through a power spectrum density with a functional form of a broken power law. Star-formation histories are correlated on short time-scales, the strength of this correlation described by a power-law slope, α, and they decorrelate to resemble white noise over a time-scale that is proportional to the time-scale of the break in the power spectrum density, τbreak. We use this framework to explore the properties of the stochastic process that, we assume, gives rise to the log-normal scatter about the relationship between star-formation rate and stellar mass, the so-called galaxy star-forming main sequence. Specifically, we show how the measurements of the normalization and width (σMS) of the main sequence, measured in several passbands that probe different time-scales, give a constraint on the parameters of the underlying power spectrum density. We first derive these results analytically for a simplified case where we model observations by averaging over the recent star-formation history. We then run numerical simulations to find results for more realistic observational cases. As a proof of concept, we use observational estimates of the main sequence scatter at z ∼ 0 and M⋆ ≈ 1010 M⊙ measured in H α, UV+IR, and the u-band. The result is degenerate in the τbreak-α space, but if we assume α = 2, we measure $\tau _{\rm break}=170^{+169}_{-85}~\mathrm{Myr}$. This implies that star-formation histories of galaxies lose ‘memory’ of their previous activity on a time-scale of ∼200 Myr.

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Berneman, Zwi N., Ellen R. A. Van Gulck, Glenn Van den Bosch, et al. "Activation of HIV-1-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ Autologous Memory T-Cells by Dendritic Cells and B-Cells Electroporated with mRNA Encoding Consensus or Autologous HIV-1 Proteins." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.326.326.

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Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by dysfunction of HIV-1-specific T-lymphocytes. In order to suppress the virus and delay evolution to AIDS, antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells (eg. dendritic cells (DC), B-lymphocytes) might be useful to boost and broaden HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. Monocyte-derived DC from untreated HIV-1-infected patients were electroporated with codon-optimized (“humanized”) mRNA coding for consensus HxB-2 (hHXB-2) Gag protein. These DC elicited a strong HIV-1 Gag-specific interferon (IFN)-γ response by an HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T-cell line. Moreover, hHXB-2 gag mRNA-electroporated DC also triggered IFN-γ secretion by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ T-cells from all patients tested. Similar observations were made with CD40-activated cultured autologous B-cells (from HIV-1-seropositive patients) electroporated with hHXB-2 gag mRNA. Gag mRNA-electroporated, but not mock-electroporated, DC or B-cells secreted Gag protein. Next, a novel strategy was developed, using autologous virus sequences. Proviral DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from PBMC and viral cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) from plasma virus. Proviral and viral mRNA were then obtained by in vitro transcription of proviral DNA and plasma viral cDNA, respectively. Significant specific IFN-γ T-cell responses were induced in all patients tested by DC electroporated with patients’ autologous proviral and plasma viral mRNA, coding for Gag or Env. The stimulatory effect was seen on PBMC, CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ T-cells, demonstrating both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation. Moreover, a significant interleukin (IL)-2 T-cell response was induced by DC electroporated with hHxB-2 or proviral gag mRNA. Sequence analysis in 4 randomly chosen patients showed that they were infected by 4 different subtypes. In a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) up to 50% of the cloned amplified sequences exhibited a differential migration pattern; by sequencing a high degree of variation was demonstrated, particularly between clones derived from proviral DNA and plasma viral cDNA, with mutations in an immunodominant epitope (Gag) or mutations and deletions in non-immunodominant epitopes (Env). The stimulatory effect of autologous DC electroporated with autologous viral sequences opens a major perspective for the development of patient-specific immunotherapy for HIV-1 disease, that might be necessary to control the virus, in view of the major inter-patient and intra-patient sequence variability.

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8

Clarkson, Austin, Stefan Wolpe, Peter Lieberson, Raoul Pleskow, and Matthew Greenbaum. "Form IV: Broken Sequences." American Music 7, no. 1 (1989): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052065.

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Dr., Md. Sazzad Hossain, Md. Abul Kalam Azad Dr., Md. Kamrul Hasan Dr., and Hasan Mehedi. "Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day: A Journey from Degeneration to Regeneration." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 08, no. 05 (2025): 3537–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15501617.

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Clear Light of Day by Anita Desai is one of many novels that visibly exposes an individual’s, a family's, and a nation’s miseries surrounding India’s Partition in 1947. In course of Sharma Sunanda’s stay at Lawley Road in Old Delhi she meets in turn a number of the Das family. Using a non-linear narrative, the story can move from olden times through the present to reflect on the breakdown of society, family, and emotional experiences followed by gradual recovery. The family’s struggles with historical injustices as well as questions of personal agency and the unspoken battles that they have had to face is thus vividly portrayed in all its complexity. From loneliness and resentment, Bim has passed through acceptance and her journey represents the strength to continue. Across the novel are strewn memory, identity, and themes of postcolonial displacement: while at the same time examining gender dynamics especially in Bim’s resistance to patriarchal norms. Desai focuses on how people and families cope with struggles from the past, a way of portraying a sense of sad fatalism which runs through her best-known works. With clear, natural art and a silence that remains in the end, we can only say that Clear Light of Day is a sensitive story about forgiving others, trying to make peace in a world of conflict and overcoming adversity. This paper attempts to redress the balance by demonstrating how Anita Desai portrays the transformation of melancholy and alienation into hope within the Das family. The results of this research should be to investigate how to move from forgiving oneself and remembering past lives, or in other words, aid that stage along by which all is not done in process. We must never let our pasts limit our movements. This novel is read in the light of such things. Symbolizing rebirth, this paper seeks to suggest that Desai’s novel may be viewed as aesthetically parallel to other great poetic works in which human suffering yields transformation and renewal.

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Wang, Shaoke, Nora L. V. Lapitan, Marion Roder, and Takumi Tsuchiya. "Characterization of telomeres in Hordeum vulgare chromosomes by in situ hybridization. II. Healed broken chromosomes in telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines." Genome 35, no. 6 (1992): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-149.

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The ends of barley chromosomes hybridize in situ to the telomeric sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana. It was confirmed that the cross-hybridizing sequences in barley are found at the absolute ends of the chromosomes by exonuclease Bal31 digestion. The Bal31 experiments also indicated that telomere-like sequences do not occur in high copies at interstitial sites in barley. To determine whether healing of broken chromosomes occurred in aneuploid lines of barley containing extra chromosomes with breakages in different parts, in situ hybridization with the A. thaliana telomere on telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines was conducted. Telosome 4L possesses breaks in the centromere and in an interstitial location in the long arm, while acrosome 4L4S possesses interstitial breaks in both long and short arms. In situ hybridization revealed the presence of telomere sequences on both broken ends of telosome 4L and acrosome 4L4S. In telosome 4L, telomere sequences were present even at the broken site of the centromere. These results show that broken ends of barley chromosomes were healed. Such healing may explain the stability of these chromosomes through many generations.Key words: telomere, centromere, telosome, acrosome, acrotrisomic, telotrisomic.

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Adee, Sally. "The memory fix: bridging broken brains." New Scientist 222, no. 2972 (2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)61113-1.

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Mashaqba, Bassil, Mohammed Abu Guba, Anas Huneety, and Mutasim Al-Deaibes. "Mental Representation of Multiple Default Plurals: Evidence from the Adaptation of English Loanwords in Arabic." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 23, no. 2 (2023): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v23i2.464.

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The present work argues for the existence of multiple default regularities of plural formation in Arabic. As evidenced in the corpus of loanword adaptation in Jordanian Arabic, this study calls for a reassessment of the treatment of idiosyncratic plural forms in the mental lexicon. This investigation is in line with the dual mechanism theory where both memory and rule are active, but with more reliance on the default rule (feminine sound plural –aat) over memory (broken plural patterns). This avoidance of broken plural, which is less predictable and less transparent, is explained by a limited mental lexicon that defines such loanwords and thus blocks a successful mapping of the broken plural’s inflection in the memory. The failure of broken plural retrieval, especially with words that do not match the canonical root system (tri-consonantal), calls for the application of the default feminine sound plural, the most productive, transparent, and regular formation. As a result, frequency and memory association predicted by prosodic similarity between loanwords and the broken plural patterns do not contribute to avoiding the default -aat overgeneralization in the short term.

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Middleton, Steven J., and Thomas J. McHugh. "Memory: Sequences Take Time." Current Biology 29, no. 5 (2019): R158—R160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.024.

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Victor, Carmen. "Richard Mosse: Broken Spectre." Public 35, no. 70 (2024): 179–81. https://doi.org/10.1386/public_00227_4.

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An exhibition review of Richard Mosse: Broken Spectre at Centre Phi, Montreal which considers the activist intent of the work. The 74-minute film represents human-scale, microscopic scale, and macroscopic scale sequences, including black-and-white solarized footage and multi-spectral drone imagery, to depict the devastation of the Amazon rainforest. While praised for its innovation, critics have argued the work risks aestheticizing suffering and diluting engagement with geopolitical issues. Mosse platforms Indigenous voices who urge viewers to act against the Amazon’s exploitation, but questions remain about art’s ability to motivate tangible political action.

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Inbar, Ori, and Martin Kupiec. "Homology Search and Choice of Homologous Partner during Mitotic Recombination." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 6 (1999): 4134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.6.4134.

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ABSTRACT Homologous recombination is an important DNA repair mechanism in vegetative cells. During the repair of double-strand breaks, genetic information is transferred between the interacting DNA sequences (gene conversion). This event is often accompanied by a reciprocal exchange between the homologous molecules, resulting in crossing over. The repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination with repeated sequences dispersed throughout the genome might result in chromosomal aberrations or in the inactivation of genes. It is therefore important to understand how the suitable homologous partner for recombination is chosen. We have developed a system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can monitor the fate of a chromosomal double-strand break without the need to select for recombinants. The broken chromosome is efficiently repaired by recombination with one of two potential partners located elsewhere in the genome. One of the partners has homology to the broken ends of the chromosome, whereas the other is homologous to sequences distant from the break. Surprisingly, a large proportion of the repair is carried out by recombination involving the sequences distant from the broken ends. This repair is very efficient, despite the fact that it requires the processing of a large chromosomal region flanking the break. Our results imply that the homology search involves extensive regions of the broken chromosome and is not carried out exclusively by sequences adjacent to the double-strand break. We show that the mechanism that governs the choice of homologous partners is affected by the length and sequence divergence of the interacting partners, as well as by mutations in the mismatch repair genes. We present a model to explain how the suitable homologous partner is chosen during recombinational repair. The model provides a mechanism that may guard the integrity of the genome by preventing recombination between dispersed repeated sequences.

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Mahrer, Paul, and Christopher Miles. "Recognition memory for tactile sequences." Memory 10, no. 1 (2002): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210143000128.

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Heimel, J. A. F., and A. De Martino. "Broken ergodicity and memory in the minority game." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 34, no. 40 (2001): L539—L545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/34/40/103.

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Gao, Jie, Zhen-yuan Xu, and Li-ting Zhang. "Approximating long-memory DNA sequences by short-memory process." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 388, no. 17 (2009): 3475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2009.05.009.

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Werner, Joanna E., Rama S. Kota, Bikram S. Gill, and T. R. Endo. "Distribution of telomeric repeats and their role in the healing of broken chromosome ends in wheat." Genome 35, no. 5 (1992): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-128.

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The distribution of the telomeric repeats in common wheat and their role in the healing of broken ends of deleted chromosomes was studied. In situ hybridization to mitotic chromosomes was carried out using a synthetic probe that was derived from the sequence of the telomeric repeats of Arabidopsis thaliana. Sites of hybridization were visualized as double dots at both ends of each wheat chromosome. Variation in the strength of the signal that was detected among chromosome arms might be due to the variable number of telomeric repeats of each chromosome end. While signals were absent on normal chromosomes at the pericentric and intercalary regions, hybridization sites were detected at the broken chromosome ends of all deleted chromosomes included in the study. All telocentric chromosomes of multitelocentric lines of 'Chinese Spring' showed a strong signal at the centromeric region. The results suggest that a de novo chromosome healing mechanism exists in wheat involving the addition of the telomeric sequences to the ends of broken chromosome. Further evidence indicated that the healing of broken ends is probably intrinsic to replication during gametogenesis.Key words: in situ hybridization, telomeric sequences, deleted chromosomes, chromosome healing, telosome.

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Dladla, Ndumiso. "Contested Memory." Theoria 64, no. 153 (2017): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2017.6415307.

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Abstract South Africa since 1994 is widely represented as a society which has broken both historically and politically with white supremacy. One of the central discursive pillars sustaining this representation is the appeal to the most recent South African constitution Act 108 of 1996, the founding provisions of which declare that South Africa is founded on the value of non-racialism. The central argument of this article is that an examination of the philosophical underpinnings of the non-racialism of the constitution can give us a better understanding of why and how South Africa remains a racial polity despite the coming into effect of the constitution. We will conclude the article by considering the ethical and political demands which must be met before the actuality of non-racialism may be experienced.

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Weiberg, Erika L. "Ruins: Classical Theater and Broken Memory by Odai Johnson." Theatre Journal 71, no. 4 (2019): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.2019.0115.

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Ronald, Ann. "Broken Country: Mountains and Memory by C. L. Rawlins." Western American Literature 32, no. 2 (1997): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1997.0072.

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Hope Morrison. "Broken Memory: A Novel of Rwanda (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 63, no. 4 (2009): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.1386.

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Magen, Hagit, and Tatiana Aloi Emmanouil. "Working memory for self-initiated and provided spatial configurations." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 10 (2018): 2186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817739808.

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During a typical day, people temporarily memorise information provided to them. However, they memorise as often information they actively choose themselves. Although prevalent in everyday behaviour, this aspect of working memory (WM), we term self-initiated WM, has been largely unexplored. In this study, we used a modified spatial span task in which participants constructed the spatial sequences they maintained in memory. The results of three experiments demonstrated that participants planned and constructed structured spatial sequences by minimising the distances between successive locations and by selecting sequences with fewer path crossings. The sequences were initiated most often on the top left side. Memory accuracy was enhanced when participants memorised self-initiated spatial sequences, even when the self-initiated and provided sequences were matched for structure. When asked to construct spatial sequences for a hypothetical competitor in a memory contest, participants constructed complex sequences with longer paths and more path crossings, suggesting that these sequence parameters were under their control. The tendency to initiate the spatial sequences on the top left side remained. Overall, the results suggest that self-initiated WM can benefit from explicit metacognitive knowledge of the ideal structure of memory representations and also demonstrate that self-initiation benefits memory beyond structure.

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Biao Wu, Wei. "Empirical processes of long-memory sequences." Bernoulli 9, no. 5 (2003): 809–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/bj/1066418879.

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Zokaei, N., N. Gorgoraptis, B. Bahrami, P. Bays, and M. Husain. "Visual Working Memory for Motion Sequences." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (2011): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.1263.

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Farrell, Simon, and Klaus Oberauer. "Working Memory for Cross-Domain Sequences." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 1 (2014): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.795177.

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Lopes, S. R. C., and M. A. Nunes. "Long memory analysis in DNA sequences." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 361, no. 2 (2006): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.06.099.

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Mehlhorn, Kurt, and Peter Sanders. "Scanning Multiple Sequences via Cache Memory." Algorithmica 35, no. 1 (2002): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-002-0993-2.

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Brochenin, Rémi, Stéphane Demri, and Etienne Lozes. "Reasoning about sequences of memory states." Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161, no. 3 (2009): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2009.07.004.

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Vaz, Alex P., John H. Wittig, Sara K. Inati, and Kareem A. Zaghloul. "Replay of cortical spiking sequences during human memory retrieval." Science 367, no. 6482 (2020): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0672.

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Episodic memory retrieval is thought to rely on the replay of past experiences, yet it remains unknown how human single-unit activity is temporally organized during episodic memory encoding and retrieval. We found that ripple oscillations in the human cortex reflect underlying bursts of single-unit spiking activity that are organized into memory-specific sequences. Spiking sequences occurred repeatedly during memory formation and were replayed during successful memory retrieval, and this replay was associated with ripples in the medial temporal lobe. Together, these data demonstrate that human episodic memory is encoded by specific sequences of neural activity and that memory recall involves reinstating this temporal order of activity.

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Hawkins, Jeff, Dileep George, and Jamie Niemasik. "Sequence memory for prediction, inference and behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1521 (2009): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0322.

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In this paper, we propose a mechanism which the neocortex may use to store sequences of patterns. Storing and recalling sequences are necessary for making predictions, recognizing time-based patterns and generating behaviour. Since these tasks are major functions of the neocortex, the ability to store and recall time-based sequences is probably a key attribute of many, if not all, cortical areas. Previously, we have proposed that the neocortex can be modelled as a hierarchy of memory regions, each of which learns and recalls sequences. This paper proposes how each region of neocortex might learn the sequences necessary for this theory. The basis of the proposal is that all the cells in a cortical column share bottom-up receptive field properties, but individual cells in a column learn to represent unique incidences of the bottom-up receptive field property within different sequences. We discuss the proposal, the biological constraints that led to it and some results modelling it.

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Tahir Chaudhry, Hamza, Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth, Dmitry Krotov, and Cengiz Pehlevan. "Long sequence Hopfield memory*." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2024, no. 10 (2024): 104024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad6427.

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Abstract Sequence memory is an essential attribute of natural and artificial intelligence that enables agents to encode, store, and retrieve complex sequences of stimuli and actions. Computational models of sequence memory have been proposed where recurrent Hopfield-like neural networks are trained with temporally asymmetric Hebbian rules. However, these networks suffer from limited sequence capacity (maximal length of the stored sequence) due to interference between the memories. Inspired by recent work on Dense Associative Memories, we expand the sequence capacity of these models by introducing a nonlinear interaction term, enhancing separation between the patterns. We derive novel scaling laws for sequence capacity with respect to network size, significantly outperforming existing scaling laws for models based on traditional Hopfield networks, and verify these theoretical results with numerical simulation. Moreover, we introduce a generalized pseudoinverse rule to recall sequences of highly correlated patterns. Finally, we extend this model to store sequences with variable timing between states’ transitions and describe a biologically-plausible implementation, with connections to motor neuroscience.

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Kaszás, Étienne, Akio Kato, and James A. Birchler. "Cytological and molecular analysis of centromere misdivision in maize." Genome 45, no. 4 (2002): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-023.

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B chromosome derivatives suffering from breaks within their centromere were examined cytologically and molecularly. We showed by high resolution FISH that misdivision of the centromere of a univalent chromosome can occur during meiosis. The breaks divide the centromere repeat sequence cluster. A telocentric chromosome formed by misdivision was found to have the addition of telomeric repeats to the broken centromere. A ring chromosome formed after misdivision occurred by fusion of the broken centromere to the telomere. Pulsed-field electrophoresis analyses were performed on the telocentric and ring chromosomes to identify fragments that hybridize to both the telomeric repeat and the B-specific centromeric repeat. We conclude that healing of broken maize centromeres can be achieved through the mechanisms of addition or fusion of telomeric repeat sequences to the broken centromere.Key words: centromere, telomere, meiosis, chromosome healing, B chromosome, Zea mays.

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Bailis, A. M., S. Maines, and M. T. Negritto. "The essential helicase gene RAD3 suppresses short-sequence recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 8 (1995): 3998–4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.8.3998.

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We have isolated an allele of the essential DNA repair and transcription gene RAD3 that relaxes the restriction against recombination between short DNA sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Double-strand break repair and gene replacement events requiring recombination between short identical or mismatched sequences were stimulated in the rad3-G595R mutant cells. We also observed an increase in the physical stability of double-strand breaks in the rad3-G595R mutant cells. These results suggest that the RAD3 gene suppresses recombination involving short homologous sequences by promoting the degradation of the ends of broken DNA molecules.

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Schwyzer, Philip. "Fallen idols, broken noses: Defacement and memory after the Reformation." Memory Studies 11, no. 1 (2018): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017736835.

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The Henrician and Edwardian Reformations of the 1530s and 1540s were marked by successive waves of iconoclasm in English churches and cathedrals. Statues, screens, wall paintings, and windows were among the idols targeted. While some objects and artworks were destroyed or effaced entirely, others remained in situ, bearing the marks of iconoclastic violence. Even today, many English cathedrals harbour numerous examples of defaced images which have suffered beheading or scoring of the face and hands, but have been neither repaired nor removed. This article explores how various post-Reformation observers including Protestants, Catholics, antiquaries, and poets understood and responded to defaced images, arguing that traditionalists and reformers found a paradoxical common cause in the curation of iconoclasm.

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Epstein, Maram. "Bridge across Broken Time: Chinese and Jewish Cultural Memory (review)." China Review International 6, no. 2 (1999): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.1999.0014.

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Oublié, Jessica. "Broken Memory : un projet protéiforme sur les mémoires post coloniales." Africultures 70, no. 1 (2007): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afcul.070.0108.

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Xu, Fei, and Thomas D. Petes. "Fine-Structure Mapping of Meiosis-Specific Double-Strand DNA Breaks at a Recombination Hotspot Associated With an Insertion of Telomeric Sequences Upstream of the HIS4 Locus in Yeast." Genetics 143, no. 3 (1996): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.3.1115.

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Abstract Meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Using two approaches, we mapped the position of DSBs associated with a recombination hotspot created by insertion of telomeric sequences into the region upstream of HIS4. We found that the breaks have no obvious sequence specificity and localize to a region of ~50 bp adjacent to the telomeric insertion. By mapping the breaks and by studies of the exonuclease III sensitivity of the broken ends, we conclude that most of the broken DNA molecules have blunt ends with 3′-hydroxyl groups.

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Vieira, Lucas B., and Costantino Budroni. "Temporal correlations in the simplest measurement sequences." Quantum 6 (January 18, 2022): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-18-623.

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We investigate temporal correlations in the simplest measurement scenario, i.e., that of a physical system on which the same measurement is performed at different times, producing a sequence of dichotomic outcomes. The resource for generating such sequences is the internal dimension, or memory, of the system. We characterize the minimum memory requirements for sequences to be obtained deterministically, and numerically investigate the probabilistic behavior below this memory threshold, in both classical and quantum scenarios. A particular class of sequences is found to offer an upper-bound for all other sequences, which suggests a nontrivial universal upper-bound of 1/e for the classical probability of realization of any sequence below this memory threshold. We further present evidence that no such nontrivial bound exists in the quantum case.

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Palmer, Caroline. "Sequence Memory in Music Performance." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (2005): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00374.x.

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How do people remember and produce complex sequences like music or speech? Music provides an example of excellent sequence memory under fast performance conditions; novices as well as skilled musicians can perform memorized music rapidly, without making mistakes. In addition, musical pitches repeat often within a melodic sequence in different orders, yet people do not confuse the sequential ordering; temporal properties of musical pitches aid sequence memory. I describe a contextual model of sequence memory that is sensitive to the rate at which musical sequences are produced and to individual differences among performers. Age and musical experience differentiate adults' and children's memory for musical sequences during performance. Performers' memory for the sequential structure of one melody transfers or generalizes to other melodies in terms of the sequence of pitch events, their temporal properties, and their movements. Motion-analysis techniques provide further views of the time course of the cognitive processes that make sequence memory for music so accurate.

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Ahmad, Kami, and Kent G. Golic. "The Transmission of Fragmented Chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 148, no. 2 (1998): 775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.2.775.

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Abstract We investigated the fate of dicentric chromosomes in the mitotic divisions of Drosophila melanogaster. We constructed chromosomes that were not required for viability and that carried P elements with inverted repeats of the target sites (FRTs) for the FLP site-specific recombinase. FLP-mediated unequal sister-chromatid exchange between inverted FRTs produced dicentric chromosomes at a high rate. The fate of the dicentric chromosome was evaluated in the mitotic cells of the male germline. We found that dicentric chromosomes break in mitosis, and the broken fragments can be transmitted. Some of these chromosome fragments exhibit dominant semilethality. Nonlethal fragments were broken at many sites along the chromosome, but the semilethal fragments were all broken near the original site of sister-chromatid fusion, and retained P element sequences near their termini. We discuss the implications of the recovery and behavior of broken chromosomes for checkpoints that detect double-strand break damage and the functions of telomeres in Drosophila.

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Meron, E., and M. Feder. "Finite-Memory Universal Prediction of Individual Sequences." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 50, no. 7 (2004): 1506–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2004.830749.

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Keller, Arielle S., and Robert Sekuler. "Memory and learning with rapid audiovisual sequences." Journal of Vision 15, no. 15 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.15.7.

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Averbeck, B. B., and D. Lee. "Prefrontal Neural Correlates of Memory for Sequences." Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 9 (2007): 2204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4483-06.2007.

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Adlam, Anna-Lynne R., Michelle de Haan, John R. Hodges, and Karalyn Patterson. "Memory for action sequences in semantic dementia." Neuropsychologia 51, no. 8 (2013): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.02.019.

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Reed, Phil. "Memory and the integration of response sequences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 1 (1994): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00033768.

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Hedegard, Marcus Nils, Torsten Wik, and Christer Wallin. "Adaptive Hysteresis Compensation Using Reduced Memory Sequences." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 22, no. 5 (2017): 2296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2017.2746380.

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Lefebvre, Christine, and Pierre Jolicœur. "Memory for pure tone sequences without contour." Brain Research 1640 (June 2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.025.

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Horv�th, Lajos, and Istv�n Berkes. "Asymptotic results for long memory LARCH sequences." Annals of Applied Probability 13, no. 2 (2003): 641–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoap/1050689598.

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