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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Budget models”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Oshiro, Ken, Keii Gi, Shinichiro Fujimori, Heleen L. van Soest, Christoph Bertram, Jacques Després, Toshihiko Masui, Pedro Rochedo, Mark Roelfsema, and Zoi Vrontisi. "Mid-century emission pathways in Japan associated with the global 2 °C goal: national and global models’ assessments based on carbon budgets." Climatic Change 162, no. 4 (July 20, 2019): 1913–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02490-x.

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Abstract This study assesses Japan’s mid-century low-emission pathways using both national and global integrated assessment models in the common mitigation scenario framework, based on the carbon budgets corresponding to the global 2 °C goal. We examine high and low budgets, equal to global cumulative 1600 and 1000 Gt-CO2 (2011–2100) for global models, and 36 and 31 Gt-CO2 (2011–2050) in Japan for national models, based on the cost-effectiveness allocation performed by the global models. The impacts of near-term policy assumption, including the implementation and enhancement of the 2030 target

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Yanagi, Tetsuo. "Budget Models in the Coastal Sea." Oceanography in Japan 6, no. 3 (1997): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.6.163.

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Havis, Robert N., and David W. Ostendorf. "Approximate Dynamic Lake Phosphorus Budget Models." Journal of Environmental Engineering 115, no. 4 (August 1989): 809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1989)115:4(809).

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Bhattacharya, Debopam. "The Empirical Content of Binary Choice Models." Econometrica 89, no. 1 (2021): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta16801.

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An important goal of empirical demand analysis is choice and welfare prediction on counterfactual budget sets arising from potential policy interventions. Such predictions are more credible when made without arbitrary functional‐form/distributional assumptions, and instead based solely on economic rationality, that is, that choice is consistent with utility maximization by a heterogeneous population. This paper investigates nonparametric economic rationality in the empirically important context of binary choice. We show that under general unobserved heterogeneity, economic rationality is equiv

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Szeto, K. K., H. Tran, M. D. MacKay, R. Crawford, and R. E. Stewart. "The MAGS Water and Energy Budget Study." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm810.1.

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Abstract This study represents the first attempt at developing a comprehensive climatology of atmospheric and surface water and energy budgets for the Mackenzie River basin (MRB). Different observed, remotely sensed, (re)analyzed, and modeled datasets were used to obtain independent estimates of the budgets. In particular, assimilated datasets, including the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-R2), the global 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40), the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and the Canadian Met

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Volodina, A. O., and M. B. Trachenko. "THE ROLE OF THE BUDGETING SYSTEM IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (May 27, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-4-83-88.

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The article considers the role of the budgeting system in mergers and absorption at all stages of their implementation – the search for the target company and preparation for the transaction, the process of conducting and concluding the transaction, the integration of the initiator company and the target company in the post-transaction period and describes the options for the build budget models during the integration period. The article suggests models of interaction of budgeting systems using project budgets in mergers and absorption in general, as well as in the implementation of vertical i

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Траченко, Marina Trachenko, Мищенко, and L. Mishchenko. "Budget Model Formation Tools for Activity and Project-Based Budgeting." Administration 3, no. 4 (December 10, 2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16697.

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Activity-based budgeting (ABB) and project-based budgeting (project budgeting) are important trends of budgeting at an enterprise level. The paper authors have systematized factors of formation for directions of the activity-based and project-based budgeting, have characterized these directions’ budget models and revealed their specific features. The main specific features of activity-based budgeting model are the matrix (or more complex, multidimensional) structure of the budget model, interrelation of business processes’ budget items with key performance indicat

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Chang, Shu-Ming, and Hsun-Hui Chen. "Applying snapback repellers in resource budget models." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 21, no. 4 (December 2011): 043126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660662.

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Noonburg, E. G., R. M. Nisbet, E. Mccauley, W. S. C. Gurney, W. W. Murdoch, and A. M. DE Roos. "Experimental testing of dynamic energy budget models." Functional Ecology 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00174.x.

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Melo, D. C. D., I. S. P. Marin, and E. Wendland. "Water budget comparison of global climate models and experimental data in Onça Creek basin, Brazil." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-70-2014.

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Abstract. Groundwater is an important part of the hydrological cycle, accounting for more than 25% of human needs on the global scale. As a result of aquifer overexploitation associated with climate change, even in the most conservative future climate scenarios, mean water-table levels can experience drastic drops. Although there are efforts to include groundwater dynamics in global climate models (GCMs), its influence is still not taken into full account in GCM water budgets, although it is as important as the other water sources considered. To assess the role of percolation in the water bala

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Birylo, M., Z. Rzepecka, J. Kuczynska-Siehien, and J. Nastula. "Analysis of water budget prediction accuracy using ARIMA models." Water Supply 18, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.156.

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Abstract The European Union Water Framework Directive obliges each country to monitor the groundwater level as it is an important source of drinking water, but also an important part of agriculture. A water budget is used for assessing the accuracy of the groundwater level determination. The computations of the water budget are based on evapotranspiration and the state of land surface hydrosphere. On the basis of the determined water budget, statistics and the prognosis for the next 12 months can be computed. In this paper, all the components of the water budget, such as precipitation, surface

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Hobbs, Will, Matthew D. Palmer, and Didier Monselesan. "An Energy Conservation Analysis of Ocean Drift in the CMIP5 Global Coupled Models*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 5 (February 22, 2016): 1639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0477.1.

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Abstract Climate model simulations of changes to Earth’s energy budget are fundamental to improve understanding of both historical and future climate change. However, coupled models are prone to “drift” (i.e., they contain spurious unforced trends in state variables) due to incomplete spinup or nonclosure of the energy budget. This work assesses the globally integrated energy budgets of 25 models in phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). It is shown that for many of the models there is a significant disagreement between ocean heat content changes and net top-of-atmosphere radiation. The disagreement is larg

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Laktionova, O., S. Desiatskyi, D. Mironenko, A. Melikhov, V. Makhinko, and L. Kustrich. "Algorithms and business models of financial outsourcing for sustainable development in industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 915, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/915/1/012036.

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Abstract The work is devoted to the study of the use of business models of financial outsourcing in the institutional support of sustainable development. It is shown that a significant role in the sustainable development of the economy and environmental management can belong to clients of financial outsourcing services - small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The paper proposes to include an outsourcing company of financial outsourcing services in the infrastructure for supporting sustainable economic development of united territorial communities (UTC), which will increase the volume of rev

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Kung, Fan‐Hua, Cheng‐Li Huang, and Chia‐Ling Cheng. "An examination of the relationships among budget emphasis, budget planning models and performance." Management Decision 51, no. 1 (February 2013): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251741311291346.

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Bondaruk, Т. H., І. S. Bondaruk, and О. А. Vinnytska. "Foreign Experiences of Budget Decentralization." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 3 (July 14, 2018): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.3.2018.09.

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Administrative reforms in Ukraine focused on decentralization of governance system, change in the administrative and territorial system by consolidating communities and redistribution of authorities and financing sources at local governance level are expected to be implemented in keeping with European standards. The need to achieve positive dynamics of the economic system in Ukraine raises the importance of studies covering the array of problems related with the operation of local budgets, including European practices of local budget formation in the conditions of decentralization and their ap

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Gorbunov, Sergei Vladimirovch, Marina Yurievna Mishlanova, and Dmitrii Valer'evich Khavin. "System parameterization of the budget model of investment construction project." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 3 (March 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2021.3.36247.

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This article reviews the definitions of budgeting and budget model, their role in cost management of investment construction projects, and the subject field of budget modeling of a project. The author indicates the relevance of implementation of budgeting in management of investment construction projects, as well as the factors of low efficiency of this process. The subject of this research is the system variables of the budget model: functions, content, structure, levels, quantitative and qualitative indicators, standards, methodological and analytical parameters, and financial modeling proce

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Sukirman, Oman. "Apakah Anggaran Pemasaran Pariwisata Pemerintah Efektif dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan?" Journal : Tourism and Hospitality Essentials Journal 7, no. 2 (November 26, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/thej.v7i2.9018.

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Our focus is the effect of the tourism ministry budget to promote tourism on the growing number of tourists. We used regression models using data for 2011 through 2016 to identify the impact of tourism marketing budgets on the growth in tourist numbers. The results show that the effect of higher marketing on the growth of the number of tourists depends on the level of tourism marketing budget that is in the ministry of tourism. More specifically, the results show that tourism marketing budgets have a major effect in increasing the number of foreign tourists visiting. However, the effect is dif

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Viana, Nelson Corrêa. "ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO: modelos, desafios e crítica." Revista Políticas Públicas 18, no. 1 (August 4, 2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18n1p45-57.

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O artigo analisa os modelos impostos por intelectuais orgânicos às economias periféricas, modelando-as para atender o grande capital. Explora e critica os desafios sobre esses modelos orçamentários ideais praticados em busca da transparência que mais afasta o interessado enquanto entroniza o tecnicismo, servo da política, nas montagens dos grandes números. Transparecer no orçamento é legitimar transferências públicas para o privado. Ao final, conclui com ceticismo sobre novas possibilidades para as políticas públicas pelas vias do orçamento sob o capitalismo neoliberal.Palavras-chave: Orçament

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Cuadrado-Ballesteros, Beatriz, and Marco Bisogno. "Budget transparency and financial sustainability." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 34, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-02-2022-0025.

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PurposeThis study investigates the transparency of budgets by examining its relationship with financial sustainability, which is a central area of research in the public-sector context.Design/methodology/approachReferring to the public value framework, a large sample of 110 countries has been investigated, implementing econometric models where the dependent variable is the Open Budget Index (OBI), published by the International Budget Partnership (IBP), and the test variables are different indicators of financial sustainability.FindingsThe results that emerge from the analysis suggest that bud

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Gist, Willie E., and Ronald A. Davidson. "An Exploratory Study of the Influence of Client Factors on Audit Time Budget Variances." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 18, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.1999.18.1.101.

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This study provides a descriptive analysis of audit time budgets and considers the effect of client factors on the achievement of audit time budgets. Using archival data obtained from four of the Big 6 firms, we find that differences between audit time budgets and reported audit hours are significantly related to factors reflecting client size, risk, complexity and profitability, ceteris paribus. We also find that the degree to which client factors explain budget variances (defined as reported hours minus budgeted hours) depends on staff level. Specifically, differences in the achievement of a

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Baghestani, Hamid, and Robert McNown. "Forecasting the federal budget with time-series models." Journal of Forecasting 11, no. 2 (February 1992): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.3980110204.

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Wild, O. "Modelling the global tropospheric ozone budget: exploring the variability in current models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2007): 1995–2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-1995-2007.

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Abstract. What are the largest uncertainties in modelling ozone in the troposphere, and how do they affect the calculated ozone budget? Published chemistry-transport model studies of tropospheric ozone differ significantly in their conclusions regarding the importance of the key processes controlling the ozone budget: influx from the stratosphere, chemical processing and surface deposition. This study surveys ozone budgets from previous studies and demonstrates that about two thirds of the increase in ozone production seen between early assessments and more recent model intercomparisons can be

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Wild, O. "Modelling the global tropospheric ozone budget: exploring the variability in current models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 10 (May 21, 2007): 2643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2643-2007.

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Abstract. What are the largest uncertainties in modelling ozone in the troposphere, and how do they affect the calculated ozone budget? Published chemistry-transport model studies of tropospheric ozone differ significantly in their conclusions regarding the importance of the key processes controlling the ozone budget: influx from the stratosphere, chemical processing and surface deposition. This study surveys ozone budgets from previous studies and demonstrates that about two thirds of the increase in ozone production seen between early assessments and more recent model intercomparisons can be

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Rashid, Mehnaz, Rong-You Chien, Agnès Ducharne, Hyungjun Kim, Pat J. F. Yeh, Christophe Peugeot, Aaron Boone, et al. "Evaluation of Groundwater Simulations in Benin from the ALMIP2 Project." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0025.1.

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AbstractA comprehensive estimation of water budget components, particularly groundwater storage (GWS) and fluxes, is crucial. In this study, we evaluate the terrestrial water budget of the Donga basin (Benin, West Africa), as simulated by three land surface models (LSMs) used in the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project, phase 2 (ALMIP2): CLM4, Catchment LSM (CLSM), and Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO). All three models include an unconfined groundwater component and are driven by the same ALMIP2 atmospheric

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Anatolii, VDOVICHEN, CHORNOVOL Alla, and TABENSKA Yuliia. "BUDGET PLANNING IN THE CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 135, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(135)07.

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Background. Quality level of the budget planning is an important factor in ensuring balance of state and local budgets in the conditions of institutional transformations. Adoption of effective management decisions by public authorities and local governments involves the development of the budget planning system taking into account information technology, assessment of changes in socio-economic processes. The aim of the article is to reveal the areas of improvement of the budget planning system and its tools. Materials and methods. Thesystematic method has been used in determining nature and r

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Lago-Peñas, Carlos, María A. Fernández-Villarino, Iván González-García, Patricio Sánchez-Fernández, and Jaime Sampaio. "The Impact of a Good Season Start on Team Performance in Elite Handball." Journal of Human Kinetics 50, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0156.

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AbstractThe aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams’ performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs’ financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference between the ranking of each team in accordance to the annual budget and the ranking of each team at the end of the season. A k-means cluster analysis classified the clubs according to their budget a

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Suriani, Seri. "The Effect of Performance-Based Budgeting Implementation towards the Institution Performance Accountability (Case Study: Wajo)." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 4 (August 30, 2015): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i4.1158.

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This study aimed at finding out empirical evidences whether the application of performance-based budgeting affected the performance accountability of Wajo government, seeing the effects of the application of performance-based budgeting to performance accountability of government agencies using four variables, namely, the budget planning (X1), the implementation of the budget (X2), the budget reporting/accountability (X3), and the performance evaluation (X4). In this study, the samples were 100 people. They are from 33 regional work units (SKPD) which consists of a team of Local Government Budg

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Yao, Yonghong, Jingjing Li, and Liu Yun. "Application of Flexible Budget Based on Company Profit Model: Taking VK's Financial Data as an Example." Asian Business Research 7, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v7i2.1069.

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There are many types of budgeting, and budgeting based on profit models is rare. This paper combines financial big data with management accounting methods to build a profit model in financial big data; and uses model data as the basis and basis for preparing flexible budgets, making budget preparation and execution more scientific and feasible; The company’s budget preparation method has been introduced; more importantly, financial accounting and management accounting are integrated, and the forecasting and budgeting functions of management accounting applications are really brought into play

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RUBAEVA, L. M., and V. V. BUDAEVA. "ACCOUNT OPENING MODELS IN THE BUDGETARY PAYMENT TRANSACTION SYSTEM." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 3 (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.03.02.012.

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The paper describes the models for opening accounts in the national budgetary payment transaction system. The choice of the most effective model is an issue in the science of budget law. Therefore, the author describes different models for opening of accounts. The first model is personal accounts, which has many similarities with bank accounts. This model used now. The second model is treasury accounts. This model is new to the national system of budget payments. The paper describes the features and benefits of both models. The author reaches to the conclusion that the system of budget payment

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Wang, Xingyuan, Fuan Li, and Fan Jia. "Optimal Advertising Budget Allocation across Markets with Different Goals and Various Constraints." Complexity 2020 (May 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6162056.

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Advertising budget allocation across multiple markets has drawn considerable attention in recent years. To expand previous research and fill a gap in the current literature, this study proposes two decision models for optimal budget allocation decisions across multimarkets with different goals and various constraints. In addition to the market parameters proposed by the Vidale–Wolfe model, the present study incorporates market goals and advertising objectives into budget allocation decisions. Different types of markets are defined in terms of the goal set for market share or profit. Given the

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Granitsa, Yu V. "Using distributed lag models to predict regional budget revenues." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 6 (June 29, 2020): 1154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.6.1154.

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Subject. The article addresses projections of regional budget revenues, using distributed lag models. Objectives. The purpose is to review economic and statistical tools that are suitable for the analysis of relationship between the revenues of the regional budget system and regional macroeconomic predictors. Methods. The study draws on statistical, constructive, economic and mathematical methods of analysis. Results. In models with quantitative variables obtained under the Almon method, the significant predictors in the forecasting of regional budget revenues are determined mainly by the bala

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Ott, Katarina, Velibor Mačkić, Mihaela Bronić, and Branko Stanić. "Determinants of voluntary online local budget transparency." Ekonomski pregled 70, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.70.2.1.

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This article analyses the determinants of the voluntary online local budget transparency (OLBT) of Croatian local governments. Budget transparency is one of preconditions for enabling citizens’ participation and improving public sector outcomes; however, the previous empirical results are ambiguous and inconclusive, with particular gaps for ex-socialist, fiscally centralized countries. To contribute to the existing literature, this article uses the principal-agent and legitimacy theories and non-linear panel data models for the 2015-2017 period to analyse 128 cities and 428 municipalities in C

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Yakovenko, Irina. "Fuzzy Stochastic Automation Model for Decision Support in the Process Inter-Budgetary Regulation." Mathematics 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010067.

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The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical foundations of the concept of fiscal decentralization, as the main path of self-development of the national economy of any country, and to develop mathematical tools that support decision-making in the aspect of “hard” budget constraints. The study of the problems of fiscal policy formation in foreign countries presented in modern scientific literature has revealed that the degree of application of the concepts of “soft” and “hard” budget restrictions is an actual topic in the theory of fiscal federalism. It has been substantiated that de

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Karski, Ruth Lawrence, and Richard P. Barth. "Models of State Budget Allocation in Child Welfare Services." Administration in Social Work 24, no. 2 (September 11, 2000): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v24n02_04.

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Nisbet, R. M., E. B. Muller, K. Lika, and S. A. L. M. Kooijman. "From molecules to ecosystems through dynamic energy budget models." Journal of Animal Ecology 69, no. 6 (July 7, 2008): 913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00448.x.

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Ganachaud, Alexandre. "Error Budget of Inverse Box Models: The North Atlantic." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 20, no. 11 (November 2003): 1641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1641:eboibm>2.0.co;2.

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Lika, Konstadia, and Sebastiaan A. L. M. Kooijman. "The comparative topology of energy allocation in budget models." Journal of Sea Research 66, no. 4 (November 2011): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.10.005.

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Vairaktarakis, George L. "Robust multi-item newsboy models with a budget constraint." International Journal of Production Economics 66, no. 3 (July 2000): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(99)00129-2.

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Ledder, Glenn, J. David Logan, and Anthony Joern. "Dynamic energy budget models with size-dependent hazard rates." Journal of Mathematical Biology 48, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-003-0263-1.

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Branson, Robert K. "Alternative models of schooling: Budget reallocation and policy change." International Journal of Educational Research 19, no. 2 (January 1993): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(93)90024-e.

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Muthukrishnan, S., Martin Pál, and Zoya Svitkina. "Stochastic Models for Budget Optimization in Search-Based Advertising." Algorithmica 58, no. 4 (May 7, 2009): 1022–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-009-9311-6.

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Gong, Zaiwu, Xiaoxia Xu, Fengling Lu, Lianshui Li, and Chao Xu. "On consensus models with utility preferences and limited budget." Applied Soft Computing 35 (October 2015): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2015.03.019.

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Nisbet, R. M., E. B. Muller, K. Lika, and S. A. L. M. Kooijman. "From molecules to ecosystems through dynamic energy budget models." Journal of Animal Ecology 69, no. 6 (December 2000): 913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00448.x.

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Hobeichi, Sanaa, Gab Abramowitz, and Jason Evans. "Conserving Land–Atmosphere Synthesis Suite (CLASS)." Journal of Climate 33, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1821–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0036.1.

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AbstractAccurate estimates of terrestrial water and energy cycle components are needed to better understand climate processes and improve models’ ability to simulate future change. Various observational estimates are available for the individual budget terms; however, these typically show inconsistencies when combined in a budget. In this work, a Conserving Land–Atmosphere Synthesis Suite (CLASS) of estimates of simultaneously balanced surface water and energy budget components is developed. Individual CLASS variable datasets, where possible, 1) combine a range of existing variable product est

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Keen, Ann, Ed Blockley, David A. Bailey, Jens Boldingh Debernard, Mitchell Bushuk, Steve Delhaye, David Docquier, et al. "An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models." Cryosphere 15, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 951–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-951-2021.

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Abstract. We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 15 models submitted to the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. These diagnostics allow us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover and thickness to compare the processes of sea ice growth and loss in climate models in a more detailed way than has previously been possible. For the 1960–1989 multi-model mean, the dominant processes causing annual ice growth are basal growth and frazil ice formation, which both occur duri

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Sherwood, Owen A., Stefan Schwietzke, Victoria A. Arling, and Giuseppe Etiope. "Global Inventory of Gas Geochemistry Data from Fossil Fuel, Microbial and Burning Sources, version 2017." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-639-2017.

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Abstract. The concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4) has more than doubled over the industrial era. To help constrain global and regional CH4 budgets, inverse (top-down) models incorporate data on the concentration and stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic ratios of atmospheric CH4. These models depend on accurate δ13C and δ2H end-member source signatures for each of the main emissions categories. Compared with meticulous measurement and calibration of isotopic CH4 in the atmosphere, there has been relatively less effort to characterize globally representative isotopic source si

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GUZOWSKI, PIOTR. "A changing economy: models of peasant budgets in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Poland." Continuity and Change 20, no. 1 (May 2005): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416004005338.

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This article presents two models of Polish peasant budgets. The first is a theoretical budget of a medieval peasant family and the second is a similar model for the early modern period, confirming some of the characteristic features of the transitional period in the Polish economy in this period. Variables taken into account in the construction of the budgets include the average size of a peasant farm, its productivity, the distribution of crops, family size, rents and taxes paid to the state, Church and feudal lords. The two factors that appear to have had the greatest impact on peasant budge

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Le Quéré, C., G. P. Peters, R. J. Andres, R. M. Andrew, T. Boden, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, et al. "Global carbon budget 2013." Earth System Science Data Discussions 6, no. 2 (November 19, 2013): 689–760. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-6-689-2013.

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Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe datasets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes c

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Arendacká, Barbora, Angelika Täubner, Sascha Eichstädt, Thomas Bruns, and Clemens Elster. "Linear Mixed Models: Gum and Beyond." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0009.

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Abstract In Annex H.5, the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [1] recognizes the necessity to analyze certain types of experiments by applying random effects ANOVA models. These belong to the more general family of linear mixed models that we focus on in the current paper. Extending the short introduction provided by the GUM, our aim is to show that the more general, linear mixed models cover a wider range of situations occurring in practice and can be beneficial when employed in data analysis of long-term repeated experiments. Namely, we point out their potential as a

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Le Quéré, C., G. P. Peters, R. J. Andres, R. M. Andrew, T. A. Boden, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, et al. "Global carbon budget 2013." Earth System Science Data 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2014): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-235-2014.

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Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes

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