Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Carpet Co”

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da Retificação de Ultraprecisão de ligas de carbeto de tungstênio-cobalto (WC-Co) com diferentes microestruturas. A motivação para este estudo foi o grande potencial desta liga para a fabricação de componentes que requerem materiais de alta dureza e resistência à fratura. Devido à combinação dessas características, esses materiais vêm sendo usados na fabricação de moldes para injeção de lentes ópticas de dispositivos eletrônicos e ópticos. Assim, amostras de carbeto de tungstênio-cobalto foram submetidas a vários testes para determinação da correlação entre os parâmetros de corte e parâmetros estruturais (tamanho de grão e teor de cobalto) com o regime de remoção de material. As amostras foram polidas e posteriormente microendentadas com cargas variadas para pré-avaliar a ocorrência de formação de microtrincas. Testes de usinagem foram conduzidos em uma retificadora de ultraprecisão, usando rebolos de diamante e posteriormente a rugosidade e os danos da superfície (microtrincas e crateras) foram avaliados. Para melhor entendimento da influência dos parâmetros estruturais e dos parâmetros de corte sobre os resultados de rugosidade foi realizado um teste ANOVA. As forças de usinagem foram medidas durante os ensaios usando um microdinamômetro piezelétrico com objetivo de estimar a temperatura na zona de retificação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que tanto os parâmetros estruturais como os parâmetros de corte influenciam na rugosidade, microdureza e temperatura na zona de retificação das ligas de carbeto de tungstênio-cobalto. Amostras com maior tamanho de grãos apresentam as menores rugosidades e altas temperaturas na zona de retificação. A velocidade de avanço (Vf) mostrou-se mais influente que a profundidade de corte (ap). Menores velocidades de avanço aumentam a temperatura na zona de retificação e a microdureza na camada superficial. Entretanto, verificou-se que as maiores temperaturas obtidas nos ensaios não foram suficientes para promover alteração metalúrgica no material. Algumas condições de corte combinadas com parâmetros estruturais levam a remoção de material em regime dúctil, resultando em superfícies com qualidade óptica. A porcentagem de cobalto e a velocidade de avanço (Vf) têm forte influência na alteração da microdureza da camada superficial das amostras retificadas. A diminuição da velocidade de avanço tende a aumentar a microdureza na camada. Há aumento de microdureza de até 200 kgf/mm2, sugerindo a ocorrência de encruamento por tensões compressivas. Com base nestes resultados, acredita-se que a retificação de ultraprecisão apresenta-se como uma opção viável para a manufatura de componentes de carbeto de tungstênio com acabamento submicrométrico, possibilitando a eliminação dos processos tradicionais de manufatura óptica, tais como a lapidação e o polimento.<br>The ultraprecision grinding of different tungsten carbide-cobalt microstructures (WC-Co) were investigated. The motivation for this study is the materials high hardness and potential application for micromolds. These materials have been used as optical inserts in glass injection molding processes for optical and electric devices, due to their excellent combination of high hardness, ductility and fracture toughness. Tungsten carbide samples were subjected to tests to determine the correlation between cutting parameters and microstructures to achieve the ductile regime of material removal. Polished surfaces of carbide samples were indented using varying loads to evaluate the microcracks formation. The machining tests were conducted using an ultraprecision grinding and A V-shaped metal-bond was used. Surface roughness was investigated as functions of the grinding conditions by means Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The tangential force was measured using a piezoelectric dynamometer to estimate the grinding zone temperature. The results indicate that structural parameters (grain size and cobalt content) and cutting parameters have a significant influence on surface roughness, micro-hardness and grinding zone temperature for tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys.Tungsten carbide-cobalt samples with the larger grain size presented lower surface finish results and high grinding temperatures. The feed rate (Vf) showed greater influence that the in-feed (ap). The grinding zone temperature and the hardness are increased when speed rate is reduced. However, it was found that the highest temperature achieved did not reach a critical temperature for phase transformation. Some cutting parameters combined with structural parameters lead to ductile mode grinding mechanism, and as consequence, high optical quality surfaces are obtained. The micro-hardness of layer is extremely influenced by cobalt content and speed rate. Lower feed rate tends to increase the micro-hardness up to 200 kgf/mm2, suggesting that the compressive stress occurs. Considering the results presented it is believed that the Ultraprecision grinding showed to be a viable option for the fabrication of components made of tungsten carbide-cobalt with nanometer surface finish possibly eliminating traditional optical manufacturing processes such as lapping and polishing.

Thesis (MTech(Education))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1998<br>This study investigates the industry component of cooperative education programmes in Clothing as offered by the Clothing Department at the Cape Technikon relevant to the Western Cape. The character and nature of co-operative education came under general scrutiny. The structure of any cooperative educational program consists of two components; the academic and the industry component. Within this structure, a few attendance patterns are used to employ students in industry. This employment of students bridges the gap between the academic component and practice. The co-ordinator of co-operative education is responsible for the supervision over and application of specific tasks to ensure the successful completion of the industry component. The professional tasks include the identification and recruiting of workstations, the placement of students, the orientation of both the employer and student, the monitoring of the students' progress, as well as the evaluation of the students' work. The important role of the advisory committee cannot be underestimated in order to ensure successful completion of the co-operative educational programs. It should be properly constituted with specific functions with regards to the industry component. A qualitative study was undertaken to describe the course of the current industry experience in Clothing at the Cape Technikon. Discussion forums, personal interviews and a literature study serve as the foundation of this investigation.

Background: The World Health Organization defines probiotics as ‘live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host’. Traditionally, probiotic microorganisms have been used to prevent or treat gastrointestinal tract diseases. In the last 15 years, there has been increasing interest of a possible probiotic impact on the oral microbiota and dental caries. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, and the causative factor in the oral microbiota includes a shift from a balanced microflora to a microflora that includes more aciduric species such as mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and Actinomyces. MS is considered an opportunistic pathogen although several other bacteria also contribute to the disease. Early acquisition of MS is associated with early development of caries; therefore a desirable complement to other prophylactic measures would be a MS colonization inhibitor. Objective: To better understand how selected strains of probiotic lactobacilli interact with MS in vitro and in vivo and to study the impact of probiotic lactobacilli on caries development during childhood. Material and methods: The in vitro properties of probiotic lactobacilli were studied with regard to (i) acid production from sugars and sugar alcohols, (ii) growth inhibition capacity on clinical isolates and reference strains of MS as well as Candida albicans and (iii) the capacity to co-aggregate with MS. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the short-term effect of intervention with two Lactobacillus reuteri strains on MS, which was evaluated after treatment with chlorhexidine. The re-growth patterns of MS and 19 other selected strains were also evaluated. In the second clinical study  we investigated the long-term effect on MS prevalence and dental caries after an intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) between 4 and 13 months of age. Results: The results from the in vitro testing showed that strains of probiotic lactobacilli differed in their fermentation patterns, inhibition capacity and their capacity to co-aggregate, which should be kept in mind in the translation to clinical research. The clinical study on short-term effects of two L. reuteri strains on MS and other oral strains showed no effect on re-growth patterns after intervention. The clinical study on long-term effects of LF19 showed no effect on the prevalence of MS. Furthermore, the clinical follow-up at 9 years of age showed no differences in either decayed, missing, and filled surface (dmfs) or DMFS between the probiotic and placebo groups. Evaluation of saliva samples showed no signs of oral colonization with LF19 in the study group. Conclusion: The in vitro testing showed potentials of the selected probiotic Lactobacillus strains for interference with MS and C. albicans. The results from the clinical studies showed no such effect on MS or dental caries. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific probiotic applications in the prevention of dental caries is limited and does not allow for conclusions concerning the use of probiotic bacteria as a preventive measure.

Persistent calls to the field of engineering education to help develop diverse, well-prepared engineers for the STEM workforce have fostered collaborations across university and industry stakeholders. As stakeholders focus efforts on supporting student persistence at several critical junctures, there has been a renewed interest in supporting the school-to-workforce transition for engineering graduates. With calls to develop a more tech-savvy workforce, innovative approaches to supporting and preparing students to enter the workforce have become even more necessary; thus it is important to understand how university- industry partnerships generate experiences that contribute to students' eventual workforce entry. The structure of the Co-op Development Program and the perspective of eight former CDP participants addressed how learning experiences shaped the career decisions of engineering participants immediately following graduation. A qualitative single case study approach was used and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) guided the study. Major contributions of this study include extending the analytic generalizability of Social Cognitive Career Theory, creating operationalized definitions of learning experiences embedded within that framework, and linking those experiences to how students' beliefs were shaped on their pathway to an early career within engineering industry. The themes identified in this study can help CDP managers and university stakeholders better support co-op participants and potentially allocate resources that will serve as the basis for future co-op design recommendations. Stakeholders may also use findings to promote the role of university and industry partnerships in supporting the student workforce transition. Future researchers may extend the study design across multiple cases and leverage recommendations for qualitative and quantitative investigations to address some of the limitations embedded within this research design and further contribute to the discussion of preparing students for professional work environments through university-industry partnerships. Ultimately, findings of this study give voice to the student partner in university-industry partnerships as themes identified in this study help CDP managers and university stakeholders to establish interventions and serve as the basis for future co-op design recommendations.<br>Ph. D.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.<br>Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education, Centre for the Support for Learning, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.