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Yang, Shipeng, Siwei Peng, Chunhui Zhang, Xuwen He i Yaqi Cai. "Synthesis of CdxZn1−xS@MIL-101(Cr) Composite Catalysts for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue". Nano 13, nr 10 (październik 2018): 1850118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018501187.
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Nanoparticles of the semiconductor catalyst CdxZn[Formula: see text]S were embedded into the metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr) to obtain CdxZn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposites. These materials not only possess high surface areas and mesopores but also show good utilization of light energy. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance patterns of CdxZn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposites showed that Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) possessed good visible light response ability among the synthesized nanocomposites. The photocatalytic performance of the CdxZn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposites were tested via degradation and mineralization of methylene blue in neutral water solution under light irradiation using a 300W xenon lamp. As a result, using Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) as a catalyst, 99.2% of methylene blue was mineralized within 30[Formula: see text]min. Due to the synergistic effect of adsorption by the MIL-101(Cr) component and photocatalytic degradation provided by the Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S component, the Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) catalyst displayed superior photocatalytic performance relative to Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S and MIL-101(Cr). Furthermore, Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) possessed excellent stability during photodegradation and exhibited good reusability. The remarkable photocatalytic performance of Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S@MIL-101(Cr) is likely due to the effective transfer of electrons and holes at the heterojunction interfaces.
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Cai, Kui, Chang Li, Zefeng Song, Xin Gao i Moxin Wu. "Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Carcinogenic Elements As, Cd, and Cr in Multiple Media—A Case of a Sustainable Farming Area in China". Sustainability 11, nr 19 (23.09.2019): 5208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195208.
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The high concentrations of trace elements in the environment, especially the carcinogenic elements Cr, Cd, and As, in populated areas can lead to an increased non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk in humans via the effective exposure pathways (inhalation and dermal contact). In this study, the concentrations of the trace elements Cd, Cr, and As in four media were comprehensively evaluated by collecting samples from atmospheric precipitates (A), wheat (W), soil (S), and groundwater (G) in the agricultural plain. This study not only considers the health risk level, but also focuses on the relationship between soil properties and the soil–wheat system. First, according to the results of the analysis, the concentration of carcinogenic elements in atmospheric precipitates was higher than that in other media. The sequence follows the order A > S > W > G. Moreover, the input flux of A was at a relatively higher level (determined via an input flux calculation) than other farming areas. Second, the pollution of Cr, Cd, and As in A and S were analyzed using the geoaccumulation method, and the level of Cd reached mild to moderate pollution. In addition, it was found that the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of Cd were much higher than those of As and Cr in the soil–wheat system. Furthermore, it was found that the negative relationship between BAFs and pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), Corg (soil organic carbon), and clay was significant. Lastly, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk (CR) of the three elements in multiple media were calculated using the health risk model. The HQ results showed that the total non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) of Cd, As, and Cr in the multiple-media did not exceed the risk limit (1.00), and there was no significant risk to the locally exposed population. However, the total carcinogenic risk index (TCR) indicated that the risk index of Cr, As and Cd in multiple media exceeded the safety index range (≈10−6–10−4), and the three elements posed a significant carcinogenic risk to local residents via the main pathways. In terms of individual elements, the risk of cancer was highest via the ingestion of the carcinogenic element Cd in G and W.
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Zeng, Jie, Guilin Han, Qixin Wu i Yang Tang. "Heavy Metals in Suspended Particulate Matter of the Zhujiang River, Southwest China: Contents, Sources, and Health Risks". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 10 (24.05.2019): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101843.
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To investigate the abundance, water/particle interaction behavior, sources, and potential risk of heavy metals in suspended particulate matter (SPM), a total of 22 SPM samples were collected from the Zhujiang River, Southwest China, in July 2014 (wet season). Nine heavy metal(loid)s (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in SPM were detected. The results show that the selected heavy metal(loid)s in SPM appear in the following order: Mn (982.4 mg kg−1) > Zn (186.8 mg kg−1) > V (143.6 mg kg−1) > Cr (129.1 mg kg−1) > As (116.8 mg kg−1) > Cu (44.1 mg kg−1) > Ni (39.9 mg kg−1) > Pb (38.1 mg kg−1) > Cd (3.8 mg kg−1). Furthermore, both the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicate that SPM is extremely enriched in metal(loid)s of Cd and As, while SPM is slightly enriched, or not enriched, in other heavy metals. According to the toxic risk index (TRI) and hazard index (HI), arsenic accounts for the majority of the SPM toxicity (TRI = 8, 48.3 ± 10.4%) and causes the primary health risk (HI > 1), and the potential risks of V and Cr are also not negligible. By applying a correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA), three principal components (PC) were identified and accounted for 79.19% of the total variance. PC 1 (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Pb) is controlled by natural origins. PC 2 (As and Cd) is mainly contributed by anthropogenic origins in the basin. PC 3 (Zn) can be attributed to mixed sources of natural and anthropogenic origins. Moreover, all the partition coefficients (lgKd) exceeded 2.9 (arithmetical mean value order: Mn > Pb > Cd > V ≈ Cu > Cr ≈ Ni), indicating the powerful adsorptive ability of SPM for these heavy metal(loid)s during water/particle interaction.
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Cai, Kui, Minjie Zhang, Yanqiu Yu i Kangjoo Kim. "Pollution, Source, and Relationship of Trace Metal(loid)s in Soil-Wheat System in Hebei Plain, Northern China". Agronomy 9, nr 7 (17.07.2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070391.
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To study the complex migration and transformation of trace metal(loid)s in a soil–wheat system, 225 pairs of surface soil and wheat samples were collected from the Taihang Mountains front plain, Hebei Province, northern China. The concentrations and pools (F1, water-soluble; F2, exchangeable; F3, carbonate-bound; F4, humic acid-bound; F5, Fe–Mn oxide-bound; F6, organic matter-bound; and F7, residual) of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Hg, and the soil properties of the samples were analyzed. The sum of the F1, F2, F3, and F4 proportions of Cd was higher than that of the other trace metal(loid)s, implying that Cd has greater mobility. We found a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between pools of trace metal(loid)s and the corresponding elements in wheat and a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between pools of trace metal(loid)s and pH, cation exchange capacity, clay, and total organic carbon. The results of principle component analysis (PCA)indicated that Cr, Ni and As mainly come from natural sources and Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd from mixed groups related to farming and industry, Hg come from the coal burning. In addition, the total target hazard quotients showed the presence of harmful levels of trace metal(loid)s in wheat.
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Liang, Baocui, Xiao Qian, Shitao Peng, Xinhui Liu, Lili Bai, Baoshan Cui i Junhong Bai. "Speciation Variation and Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Metal(loid)s in Surface Sediments of Intertidal Zones". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 10 (27.09.2018): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102125.
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Speciation variation and comprehensive risk assessment of metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were investigated in surface sediments from the intertidal zones of the Yellow River Delta, China. Results showed that only the concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were significantly different between April and September (p < 0.01). In April, the residual fraction (F4) was predominant for As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. However, the exchangeable and carbonate-associated fraction (F1) was dominant for Cd averaging 49.14% indicating a high environmental risk. In September, the F4 fraction was predominant and the F1 fraction was very low for most metal(loid)s except Cd and Mn. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the F1 fraction and potential ecological risk index (PERI) of most metal(loid)s were relatively low in surface sediments for both seasons. But Pb, As and Ni were between the threshold effect level (TEL)and the probable effect level (PEL) for 66.67%, 83.33% and 91.67% in April and As and Ni were between TEL and PEL for 41.67% and 91.67%, which indicated that the concentration of them was likely to occasionally exhibit adverse effects on the ecosystem. Although the Igeo, the F1 fraction or PERI of Cd in both seasons was higher at some sites, the results of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that the biological effects of Cd were rarely observed in the studied area.
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Gokhman, Aleksandr R., Andreas Ulbricht, Uwe Birkenheuer i Frank Bergner. "Cluster Dynamics Study of Neutron Irradiation Induced Defects in Fe-12.5at%Cr Alloy". Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (czerwiec 2011): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.449.
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Cluster dynamics (CD) is used to study the evolution of the size distributions of vacancy clusters (VC), self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters(SIAC) and Cr precipitates in neutron irradiated Fe-12.5at%Cr alloys at T = 573 K with irradiation doses up to 12 dpa and a flux of 140 ndpa/s. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data on the defect structure of this material irradiated at doses of 0.6 and 1.5 dpa are used to calibrate the model. A saturation behavior was found by CD for the free vacancy and free SIA concentrations as well as for the number density of the SIAC and the volume fraction of the Cr precipitates for neutron exposures above 0.006 dpa. The CD simulations also indicate the presence of VC with radii less than 0.5 nm and a strong SIAC peak with a mean diameter of about 0.5 nm, both invisible in SANS and TEM experiments. A specific surface tension of about 0.028 J/m2 between the a matrix and the Cr-rich a' precipitate was found as best fit value for reproducing the long-term Cr evolution in the irradiated Fe-12.5%Cr alloys observed by SANS.
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Ahmed, Abu Tweb Abu, Suman Mandal, Didarul Alam Chowdhury, Abu Rayhan M. Tareq i M. Mizanur Rahman. "Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Ayre Fish (Sperata Aor Hamilton, 1822), Sediment and Water of Dhaleshwari River in Dry Season". Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 40, nr 1 (10.12.2012): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12904.
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The present study was carried out to determine the level of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in a freshwater fish Ayre (Sperata aor Hamilton, 1822) collected from Rajfulbaria (23°48?56.36? N and 90°14?54.04? E) of Dhaleshwari river. Four heavy metals, namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were selected for this study. Metal concentrations were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after nitric acid digestion of samples. The concentrations of accumulated heavy metals in fish were also compared with the concentrations of metals in the sediments and waters of that river. The level of bioaccumulations in different organs of S. aor were determined separately and compared among them. Average bioaccumulation levels in S. aor were Cr: 1.458 mg/kg, Cu: 31.500 mg/kg, Pb: 18.776 mg/kg and Cd: 0.487 mg/kg of dry weight. The levels of heavy metals in sediments were Cr: 27.393 mg/kg, Cu: 37.450 mg/kg, Pb: 15.797 mg/kg and Cd: 2.083 mg/kg, and in water were Cr: 0.130 ppm, Cu: 0.000 ppm, Pb: 0.201 ppm and Cd: 0.001 ppm.The bioaccumulation of these four heavy metals in fish organs, sediment and water samples were also compared with FAO approved standard levels and other related studies, and found that the levels of bioaccumulation in the Dhaleshwari river exceeded all the standard levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12904 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1):147-153, 2012
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Sultana, N., H. Muktadir, MAH Chowdhury i MA Baten. "Assessment of the Quality of Industrial Wastewater in Three Metropolitan Cities in Bangladesh". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, nr 2 (14.04.2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32145.
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This study was conducted to assess the quality of different industrial wastewater. Some physicochemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- including heavy metal contents like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn and Cu concentration from collected wastewater samples were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the heavy metals in the wastewater samples. The results revealed that, the values of pH, EC, TDS ranged between 6.44-9.0, 471-4307 ?S cm-1, 1952-5209 mg L-1, respectively. The higher mean concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- were 1407.8, 27.9, 69.9, 76.6, 2.7, 11.7, 1688, 76.6, 6.1 mg L-1, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cu was 0.17, 0.87, 85.73, 0.80, and 1.56 mg L-1, respectively. Among trace elements Ni and Cd, Zn and Cd, Zn and Cr showed a positive relationship. To avoid the harmful effects of wastewater on environment it is imperative to treat industrial effluents before discharge into open environment.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 21-25 2016
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Šestinová, Oľga, Jozef Hančuľák i Tomislav Špaldon. "Earthworms as useful bioindicator of soils contamination around Košice city, Slovakia". Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 18, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2019-0002.
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Abstract This study was conducted to investigate heavy metals bioaccumulation in industrialized soils in surrounding of Košice city (Slovakia), using earthworms. In the present research, we used ecotoxicity tests with Dendrobaena veneta (7 and 28-day bioassays) to infer about potential toxic risks to the agricultural (A) and permanent grass vegetation (PGV) of soils around the plant U. S. Steel Košice. The total Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As contents and eco-toxicological tests of industrialized soils from the Košice area were performed for 12 sampling sites in years 2016 – 2017. An influence of the sampling sites distance from the largest steel producer plant on the total concentrations of heavy metals was determined for Fe, Cd, Cr and As. It was found that earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) in some cases caused a decrease of metals concentration in contaminated soils, the largest metal concentration differences were recorded in the samples PGV (4) U. S. Steel-plant-main gate. The results of the bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals in D. veneta (BAFs/7-28 d) are < 1 for the studied metals order in the sequence: Cr < Fe < Pb < Cu < As and > 1 for Zn > Cd.
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Taş, Elif Çağrı, i Uğur Sunlu. "Heavy Metal Concentrations in Razor Clam (Solen marginatus, Pulteney, 1799) and Sediments from Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, nr 2 (24.02.2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i2.306-313.2284.
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This study was carried out to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Fe) in Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799) and sediments in the middle region of Izmir Bay. Metal concentrations in S. marginatus vary in the one-year period between summer 2005 and summer 2006. The order of accumulation of metal concentrates in soft tissue of razor clam was determined as Cd < Pb < Cr< Cu < Zn < Fe. Metal accumulations in the soft tissue of S. marginatus were compared with Provisional Tolerable Weakly Intakes (PTWI) and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intakes (PTDI) for human consumption. The results show that the maximum concentrations of metals were markedly below the limits of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), WHO (World Health Organization) and TFC (Turkish Food Codex) for human consumption. The order of the metal concentrations detected in the sediment samples was Cd < Pb < Cu< Cr < Zn < Fe. In this study, the maximum heavy metal values determined in the sediment are below the criteria values of the stated for international sediment quality guidelines in the NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), OMEE (The Ministry of Environment and Energy of Ontario), ANZECC (The Australia and New Zealand Environmental on Conservation Council), CCME (The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment). There was a statistically significant but weak correlation between concentrations of Cu and Cr in sediment and S. marginatus. The significant correlations have shown that Solen species can be used as a bioindicator species, such as mussels due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals.
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Zerhouni, R. A., D. Bouya, C. Ronneau i J. Cara. "Étude de l'absorption des phosphates, azote, chrome et cadmium par trois algues vertes isolées à partir d'effluents urbains". Revue des sciences de l'eau 17, nr 3 (12.04.2005): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705536ar.
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La capacité de déphosphatation et de dénitrification ainsi que la sensibilité et l'accumulation de deux métaux lourds (Cr et Cd) de Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella pyrenoidosa et Chlamydomonas reinhardtii isolées des eaux usées de la ville de Fès, ont été étudiées dans les conditions de laboratoire. Les résultats ont montré que S. quadricauda présente les meilleurs taux de réduction des phosphates (83%), et d'ammonium (75%). L'étude de la sensibilité vis à vis du chrome et du cadmium des trois espèces, a montré qu'au delà d'une concentration de 1 ppm, la croissance se trouve réduite et que S. quadricauda présente une sensibilité plus faible que les deux autres espèces. Les résultats des expériences d'absorption conduites avec du chrome VI marqué au51 Cr et du cadmium marqué au109 Cd ont montré que les quantités de chrome et du cadmium prélevées par S. quadricauda dépassent celles des deux autres espèces. L'utilisation potentielle des trois espèces dans le traitement des effluents urbains est discutée à la lumière des résultats de ces expériences.
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Johnson, Murray G. "Trace Element Loadings to Sediments of Fourteen Ontario Lakes and Correlations with Concentrations in Fish". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-002.
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Present, background, and anthropogenic loading rates of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, and Se to lake sediments were calculated from 210Pb dated cores, and present loading rates were compared with concentrations in several fishes. Present loadings of Pb averaged 17 times background loadings and all lakes had statistically significant anthropogenic inputs. The majority of lakes had anthropogenic loadings of Zn, Cd, Hg, and As, which were presently 1.8–2.6 times background loadings. For Ni, Cu, Se, and Cr, only seven, five, two, and one lake(s), respectively, had significant anthropogenic inputs, and the means of present: background loadings for all lakes were not significantly different from 1.0. Enrichment by Zn, Cd, As, and especially Pb was greater closer to industrialized regions, while Hg enrichment was more widespread. Anthropogenic and precipitation loadings for Zn, Pb, Cd, and As were similar, suggesting that anthropogenic inputs are atmospheric and that current atmospheric loadings are mostly anthropogenic. [Hg] and [Cd] in fish were correlated with loadings to sediments, but [Cu] and [Zn] in fish were relatively constant within species, supporting the hypothesis that contaminants in fish would be correlated with inputs to sediments, while trace nutrients in ample supply would be unrelated to loading. [Cr] and [Se] in fish were intermediate in response to loading, but correlation between [Pb] in fish and loadings was not detected.
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Jetro Nkengafac, Njukeng, Sylvia Kratz i Ewald Schnug. "Levels of Heavy Metals in Banana, Cocoa and Oil Palm Farming Systems in Cameroon". International Journal of Environment 9, nr 1 (27.01.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i1.27426.
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The potential accumulation of heavy metals in soils due to rapid urban and industrial development, and increasing reliance on agrochemicals in the last several decades has been of public concern. Excessive heavy metal accumulation in soils may not only result in environmental contamination, but excessive heavy metal uptake by crops may affect food quality and safety. The heavy metal concentrations of soils in banana, cocoa and oil palm farming systems in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon were studied. For soil quality assessment, soil samples were collected at two depths: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and analyzed for seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Cd levels in these soils were below the limits of detection (LOD) at both depths. Average contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in mg/kg ranged in the order: Cd (< LOD) < Pb (10.7 -17.1) < Cu (59.7-112.7) < Ni (100.2 -174.5) < Zn (129.7-180.4) < Cr (192.7-685.3) < Mn (2731.5-5053.5) for both depths. The soils were all acidic (pH; 4.2-5.5). There were significant variations (p≤0.05) in Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn concentrations within different farming system(s). The soils of the studied farming systems had heavy metal levels within the allowable limits for agriculture. However, the levels of Cu, Cr and Ni were higher in some samples. Although these soils are considered to be unpolluted, care should be taken to avoid high concentrations of heavy metals.
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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Pratama Jujur Wibawa i Ratna Hari Murti. "Synthesis of A Novel Carrier Compound Thiazoethyl Methyl Eugenoxyacetate from Eugenol and Its Use in the Bulk Liquid Membrane Technique". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, nr 1 (28.02.2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.25075.
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Research into the synthesis and use of a novel carrier compound, thiazoethyl methyl eugenoxyacetic acid (TMEAA) for selective transport of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions in the bulk liquid membrane (BLM) technique was conducted. TMEAA was synthesized from eugenol. Eugenol was acidified into eugenoxyacetic acid and subsequently esterified using 4-methyl-5-thiazoethanol. Analysis of the result was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. The TMEAA obtained was liquid, viscous, blackish-brown and fragrant, with a yield of 88%. This compound was soluble in benzene and chloroform but insoluble in methanol. The GC-MS analysis result showed the presence of a single peak, with a retention time of 26.5 min and an area of 100%, while the disappearance of vibration mode at 1727 cm-1 was attributed to acid absorption and the FTIR spectrum indicated that formation of an ester group had occurred. TMEAA was used as a carrier compound in the BLM technique to transport Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III), using chloroform as a solvent. The results showed that TMEAA was more selective for Cu(II) and Cd(II) than Cr(III). Moreover, the research proved that N and S groups of TMEAA were selective for Cu (II) and Cd (II).
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Yakubu, Y. I., i I. A. Yola. "INVESTIGATION ON THE ENVIROMENTAL EFFECT OF LOCAL PRODUCTION METHOD OF ALUMINIUM UTENSIL IN KANO". FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, nr 3 (23.09.2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-389.
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This research investigated the environmental effect of local production methods of aluminium utensils in Bachirawa, Ungogo local government Kano. Three soil samples and two samples of water were collected from sites A, B,C, D and E. The samples were then taken to faculty of agriculture for analysis. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (A A S model No 240 FSAA) was used to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals in the samples. The results show that, the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil samples A, B and C are: Zn ranges between (1158.13 - 11,117.80) mg/kg; Mn between (285.719 – 1809.672) mg/kg; Cd between (0.026 – 0.540) mg/kg; Cr (0.498 – 0.832) mg/kg and Pb between (42.54 - 285.53) mg/kg. The observed concentration levels in water samples for Zn ranges between (0.2411 – 0.4435)mg/l; Cd between (0.091 – 0.123) mg/l; Cr between (0.015 – 0.022) mg/l; Mn between (0.284 – 0.728) mg/l and Pb between (0.00-0.08) mg/l. Zinc and Manganese have higher concentration levels than the recommended permissible limit set by European Union (EU) and United Kingdom(UK) while Cd, Cr and Pb have lower concentration levels than the recommended permissible limit set by EU and UK in soil samples A, B and C. The concentration levels of Mn, Cd and Pb in water samples were higher than the permissible limit set by World Healh Organization (WHO) whereas Zn and Cr have concentrations lower than the recommended permissible limit set by
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Pathak, Chakresh, A. K. Chopra, Ashutosh Gautam i Sachin Srivastava. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Spinacea oleracea grown in distillery effluent irrigated soil". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.539.
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The aim of the present study was to estimate the accumulation of heavy metals in Spinacea oleracea plant grown in Distillery Effluent (DE) irrigated soil. The results revealed that there was an increase in the metal contents Fe (+2.39%), Zn (+14.27%), Ni (+70.45%), Cd (+34.15%)and Cr (+20.46%) of soil irrigated with DE. In case of S. oleracea grown in the DE irrigated soil, it was observed that there was maximum concentration of Fe (353.24±7.94 mg/kg) and Zn (78.95±7.59 mg/kg) in leaves and that of Cr (54.19±8.39 mg/kg), Cd (7.73±1.41 mg/kg) and Ni (66.47±3.65 mg/kg) in root. The value of Bio-concentration factor (BCF) was found maximum for Cr (2.00) in comparison to other metals in the S. oleracea irrigated with DE. The value of Transfer factor (TF) was found maximum for Zn (TF- 1.51) for the soil irrigated with DE in comparison to soil irrigated with Bore well water (BWW). The DE can be a source of contamination to the soil as some toxic metals may also be transferred to roots and then to leaves in S. oleracea. The practice of continuous irrigation of agricultural land by DE may increase the risk of metal contamination in growing food crops to cause human health risks.
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Hossain, Md Iqbal, Badhan Saha, Mahmuda Begum, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Mst Khadiza Begum i Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fed with commercial fish feeds". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 29, nr 2 (4.05.2017): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i2.32325.
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The study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some commonly used commercial fish feeds and to observe the bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni in liver, muscle and gills of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after culturing them for 60 days by feeding those commercial feeds. The study revealed that the concentration of Cu was the highest (65.08 mg/kg) in handmade feed (B1) among four heavy metals. The concentrations of Cr in collected feeds were 1.75 to 3.04 mg/kg, which exceeds the permissible limit set by FAO. In cultured tilapia, the concentrations of studied heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and in tilapia fingerlings. Metal levels in cultured fish followed the ranking of Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd and order in individual organs was liver>gill>muscle. The highest concentration of Cu (72.86 mg/kg) was found in liver given S feed and the lowest concentration (0.67 mg/kg) was in muscle receiving Q feed. Bioaccumulation of Cr was the highest (23.95 mg/kg) in liver taken B1 feed and the lowest (9.29 mg/kg) in muscle of tilapia cultured with C feed. Concentration of Cu exceeded the tolerable limit in fishes cultured with S and C feeds. But Cr concentration surpassed the allowable limit in every feed studied. The concentrations of Ni and Cd were below the permissible range approved by FAO. Considering the present study, tilapia cultured with these experimental feeds is not safe for human consumption. Higher concentration of these heavy metals exceeding allowable limit may cause harmful effect on human body after consumption of those fishes and can create cancer and other diseases in human body.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 89-99, December-2016
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Pan, Libo, Xiao Guan, Bo Liu, Yanjun Chen, Ying Pei, Jun Pan, Yi Zhang i Zhenzhen Hao. "Pollution Characteristics, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils from an Abandoned Coal Mine Area in Southwestern China". Minerals 11, nr 3 (22.03.2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030330.
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned coal mines can lead to serious environmental problems due to its low pH and high concentrations of potentially toxic elements. In this study, soil pH, sulfur (S) content, and arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) concentrations were measured in 27 surface soil samples from areas in which coal-mining activities ceased nine years previously in Youyu Catchment, Guizhou Province, China. The soil was acidic, with a mean pH of 5.28. Cadmium was the only element with a mean concentration higher than the national soil quality standard. As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Fe concentrations were all higher than the background values in Guizhou Province. This was especially true for the Cd, Cu, and Fe concentrations, which were 1.69, 1.95, and 12.18 times their respective background values. The geoaccumulation index of Cd and Fe was present at unpolluted to moderately polluted and heavily polluted levels, respectively, indicating higher pollution levels than for the other elements in the study area. Spatially, significantly high Fe and S concentrations, as well as extremely low pH values, were found in the soils of the AMD sites; however, sites where tributaries merged with the Youyu River (TM) had the highest Cd pollution level. Iron originated mainly from non-point sources (e.g., AMD and coal gangues), while AMD and agricultural activity were the predominant sources of Cd. The results of an eco-risk assessment indicated that Cd levels presented a moderate potential ecological risk, while the other elements all posed a low risk. For the TM sites, the highest eco-risk was for Cd, with levels that could be harmful for aquatic organisms in the wet season, and may endanger human health via the food chain.
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Sarkar, M., AKM L. Rahman, JB Islam, KS Ahmed, MN Uddin i NC Bhoumik. "Study of hydrochemistry and pollution status of the Buriganga river, Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, nr 2 (30.07.2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i2.24353.
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The hydrochemistry and pollution status of tannery effluent as well as the Buriganga River were studied. The water quality parameters namely temperature, pH, salinity, TDS, EC, DO, COD, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn of tannery effluent were 22.8-31.5 oC, 7.4-10.6, 3920-6280 mg/l, 4680-7220 mg/l, 7070-10810 ?s, 0.3-1.1 mg/l, 1020-3800 mg/l, 7.7656 mg/l, 0.0198 mg/l, 0.2070 mg/l, 0.0304 mg/l and 0.3021 mg/l, respectively whereas in water of the Buriganga River were 22.0-31.6 oC, 6.2-7.8, 69-642 mg/l, 97-871 mg/l, 146-1309 ?s, 1.1-4.1 mg/l, 140-800 mg/l, 0.0306-0.2163 mg/l, 0.0018-0.0162 mg/l, 0.0663-0.2486 mg/l, 0.0112-0.0238 mg/l and 0.0878-0.2948 mg/l, respectively. According to the statistical analysis Salinity, EC, TDS, COD, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn show positive correlations with each other and negative correlations with Temp. and DO. Ecological risk factor shows that Cr is the highest risk metal for ecosystem. The hydrochemistry has been revealed that the water is not safe for aquatic lives.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 123-134, 2015
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Żak, Renata, i Jan Deja. "Spectroscopy study of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cr ions immobilization on C–S–H phase". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 134 (styczeń 2015): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.069.
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Huang, Xuexia, Dinggui Luo, Dongye Zhao, Ning Li, Tangfu Xiao, Jingyong Liu, Lezhang Wei, Yu Liu, Lirong Liu i Guowei Liu. "Distribution, Source and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(oid)s in Water, Sediments, and Corbicula Fluminea of Xijiang River, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 10 (23.05.2019): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101823.
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A total of 43 water and sediment samples, and 34 Corbicula fluminea samples were collected in Xijiang River in southern China to determine the spatial distribution and sources of 12 metals/metalloids (V, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, and Tl) and to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks of the pollutants. The results showed that the levels of the metals/metalloids (except for Tl) in the river water from almost all of the sampling sites met the Chinese national surface water quality standards. However, the concentrations of the metals/metalloids in the sediments exceeded the background values by a factor of 1.03–56.56 except for V, Co, and Mn, and the contents of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue exceeded the limits of the Chinese Category I food Quality Standards. The spatial distribution analysis showed that the concentrations of the contaminants in the lower reaches of Xijiang River were higher than in the upper reaches. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the potential ecological risk index (RI) were obtained to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks. The results indicated that Cu, Cd, and Zn were the most prone to bio-accumulation in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue, and the lower reaches showed a much higher pollution level and risk than the upper reaches. The metals/metalloids in the sediments posed serious threat on the aquatic ecosystem, of which Cd, As, and Sb are the most risky contaminants. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and As in the sediments came from relevant industrial activities, and V and Co originated from natural sources, and Sb from mining activities, Zn and Tl came from industrial activities and mining activities.
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Zhou, Tie-Ge, Zhi-Qiang Liu i Xu Zuo. "First-Principles Study of Doped Half-Metallic Spinels: Cu 0.5 Zn 0.5 Cr 2 S 4 , Cu 0.5 Cd 0.5 Cr 2 S 4 , Li 0.5 Zn 0.5 Cr 2 O 4 and Li 0.5 Zn 0.5 Cr 2 S 4". Chinese Physics Letters 29, nr 4 (kwiecień 2012): 047503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/4/047503.
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Luglio, G., A. Rispo, N. Imperatore, A. Amendola, F. P. Tropeano, R. Peltrini, F. Castiglione, G. D. De Palma i L. Bucci. "OP18 Surgical prevention of anastomotic recurrence by excluding mesentery in Crohn’s disease: The SuPREMe-CD study". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (styczeń 2020): S015—S016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.017.
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Abstract Background Recently, a new antimesenteric, functional end-to-end, hand-sewn ileocolic anastomosis (Kono-S) has shown a significant reduction in endoscopic recurrence score and surgical recurrence rate in Crohn’s disease (CD).This trial aimed to provide randomised controlled data comparing Kono-S anastomosis and stapled ileocolic side-to-side anastomosis. Methods Randomised controlled trial at a tertiary referral institution, enrolling and randomising to undergo either the ‘Kono group’ or the ‘Conventional group’, all CD subjects needing surgery. Primary endpoint: endoscopic recurrence (ER) (Rutgeerts score ≥i2) after 6 months. Secondary endpoints: clinical recurrence (CR) after 12 and 24 months, ER after 18 months and surgical recurrence (SR) after 24 months. Also, short-term outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded. A sample size of 70 patients (35 in each group) was considered necessary to demonstrate a reduction >30% in endoscopic recurrence at 6 months follow-up in the Kono group when assuming a 60% endoscopic recurrence expected rate in the control group. Results 79 CD patients were enrolled and randomised in the Kono group (36) or Conventional group (43) (Table 1). After 6 months, 22.2% in the Kono group and 62.8% in the Conventional group presented an ER (p < 0.001; OR 5.91). A severe postoperative ER (Rutgeerts score ≥i3) was found in 13.8% of Kono vs. 34.8% of Conventional group (p = 0.03; OR 3.32). CR rate was 8% in the Kono group vs. 18% in the Conventional group after 12 months (p = 0.2) and 18% vs. 30.2% after 24 months (p = 0.04, OR 3.47). SR rate after 24 months was 0% in the Kono group vs. 4.6% in the Conventional group (p = 0.3). Patients with Kono-S anastomosis presented a longer time until CR than patients with side-to-side anastomosis (HR 0.36, p = 0.037). On binary logistic regression analysis, the Kono-S anastomosis was the only variable significantly associated with a reduced risk of ER (OR 0.19, p < 0.001). About postoperative outcomes, there were no differences between Kono and Conventional groups in terms of surgery duration (p = 0.8), days to gas (p = 0.4) or stool canalisation (p = 0.8) and postoperative stay (p = 0.3). Infections (included wound infection) were found in 4 subjects in the Kono group (13.7%) vs. 6 patients (16.6%) in the Conventional group (p = 0.749). Conclusion This is the first RCT comparing Kono-S anastomosis vs. standard anastomosis in CD, which found a significant reduction of postoperative endoscopic recurrence rate by using the novel technique, without concerns about safety. The Kono-S anastomosis could be considered the new recommended surgical technique in CD. ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02631967.
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Bajraktari, Demush, Biljana Bauer Petrovska, Lulzim Zeneli, Aneta Dimitrovska i Zoran Kavrakovski. "Soil chemical evaluation and power plant ash impact on chemical properties of Salix alba L. (Fam. Salicaceae): The impact of bioaccumulation". Toxicology Research and Application 4 (1.01.2020): 239784732092484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847320924849.
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Plants grown under contaminated conditions exhibit differences in metal absorption, accumulation, and transportation, and these differences are seen in different plant parts. Metal content in the soil and bark samples collected next to the Sitnica river, which passes through the industrial area of thermal power plants in Kosovo, was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The total metal concentration in willow bark collected from the polluted area of Obilic, Kosovo, ranged 5260–22,280 mg/kg for calcium (Ca), 840–1680 mg/kg for magnesium (Mg), 66.79–910.75 mg/kg for iron (Fe), 5.09–28.66 mg/kg for copper (Cu), 56.39–140.94 mg/kg for zinc (Zn), 19.68–392.75 mg/kg for manganese (Mn), 6.49–10.09 mg/kg for nickel (Ni), 0.10–4.49 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd), 0.85–1.89 mg/kg for chromium (Cr), and 67.79–94.77 mg/kg for aluminum (Al). Data analysis indicated that correlation between trace elements in the soil and willow bark samples varied with the highest observed in Ni(s)/Zn(p) and Fe(s)/Ca(p) followed by Fe(s)/Mg(p), Al(s)/Ca(p), Cr(s)/Mg(p), Cr(s)/Cu(p), Ni(s)/Ni(p), Cu(s)/Ca(p), and Cu(s)/Zn(p). Correlations among trace elements within willow bark samples varied. The correlation between Cr and Al concentration was the highest, followed by that between Ni and Al. A significantly strong correlation was observed between Al and Fe, Ni and Cr, Cr and Fe, Ni and Fe, and Ca and Mg. The highest transfer factor was established in Zn, followed by Cu > Ni > Cr > Al > Fe.
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Santos, Carlos H., Hélio Grassi Filho, Jacqueline C. Santos i Bruna B. Penteado. "Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de tangerineiras ‘Ponkan’ manejados com resíduos sólidos e adubação química". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662011000100011.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar alguns atributos químicos do solo e o estado nutricional das tangerineiras ‘Ponkan’ no solo manejado com resíduos orgânicos e adubação química. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciência do Solo - FCA/UNESP em Botucatu, SP. As mudas de tangerineira foram plantadas e manejadas com lodo de esgoto (LE), esterco de curral curtido (EC) e adubação química (AQ). Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve um aumento significativo nos teores dos atributos CTC, MO, N-total P e K, no solo manejado com resíduo orgânico. A aplicação do lodo de esgoto também não prejudicou a qualidade do solo pois a adição dos elementos As, Cd, Cr e Hg em sua constituição, não foi significativa. O manejo do solo com os resíduos proporcionou um aumento significativo no teor de N, P, Ca e S nas folhas das tangerineiras ‘Ponkan’ e, ao mesmo tempo, esses resíduos não contribuíram para um aumento significativo do teor foliar dos micronutrientes B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nem dos elementos As, Cd, Cr e Pb. O manejo do solo com lodo de esgoto não resultou em aumento significativo dos elementos As, Cd, Cr e Hg nas folhas e nos frutos.
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MÄKELÄ-KURTTO, R., i J. SIPPOLA. "Monitoring of Finnish arable land: changes in soil quality between 1987 and 1998". Agricultural and Food Science 11, nr 4 (4.01.2002): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5730.
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This study is part of the long-term monitoring of Finnish arable land and it is based on soil analyses of 705 monitoring sites sampled in 1998. The same sites were sampled twice previously,in 1974 and 1987. We describe here the state of the Finnish cultivated soils in 1998 and changes in soil quality since 1987. The samples were analysed for organic C, volume weight, pH, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Al, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn.Macronutrients were extracted with 0.5 M ammonium acetate + 0.5 M acetic acid (pH 4.65) and most micronutrients, Al and heavy metals with the same solution + 0.02 M Na 2 EDTA. Hot water was used to extract B and Se. From 1987 to 1998, soil P, Ca, Mg, S, Cr, Cu, Zn, volume weight and electrical conductivity increased and soil K, B, pH and organic C decreased. There was no change in soil Al, Cd, Mn and Ni. Between 1987 and 1998,the use of P,K,B and Cu in mineral fertilisers declined whereas that of Ca in liming agents and Zn in mineral fertilisers increased. With the exception of P and Cu,these changes affected the concentrations of easily soluble macro- and micronutrients in the soil accordingly. The slight decrease in soil pH might be due to the increase in the use of fertliser N. The finding that soil Cd and Ni ceased to increase and that soil Cr increased only slightly was attributed to the dramatic reduction in national emissions and bulk depositions of heavy metals.;
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Wang, Qiang, Shanlian Yang, Menglei Zheng, Fengxiang Han i Youhua Ma. "Effects of Vegetable Fields on the Spatial Distribution Patterns of Metal(loid)s in Soils Based on GIS and Moran’s I". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 21 (24.10.2019): 4095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214095.
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Metal(loid) pollution in vegetable field soils has become increasingly severe and affects the safety of vegetable crops. Research in China has mainly focused on greenhouse vegetables (GV), while open field vegetables (OV) and the spatial distribution patterns of metal(loid)s in the surrounding soils have rarely been assessed. In the present study, spatial analysis methods combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Moran’s I were applied to analyze the effects of vegetable fields on metal(loid) accumulation in soils. Overall, vegetable fields affected the spatial distribution of metal(loid)s in soils. In long-term vegetable production, the use of large amounts of organic fertilizer led to the bioconcentration of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), and long-term fertilization resulted in a significant pH decrease and consequent transformation and migration of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). Thus, OV fields with a long history of planting had lower average pH and Cd, and higher average As, Cr, Hg, and Pb than GV fields, reached 0.93%, 10.1%, 5.8%, 3.0%, 80.8%, and 0.43% respectively. Due to the migration and transformation of metal(loid)s in OV soils, these should be further investigated regarding their abilities to reduce the accumulation of metal(loid)s in soils and protect the quality of the cultivated land.
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Nawshin, N., N. Sultana, MAH Chowdhury i MA Baten. "Chemical Properties of Buriganga and Turag River Water". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, nr 2 (14.04.2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32136.
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical properties of Buriganga and Turag river water, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from 15 locations of each river from January to February, 2016 to analyze chemical properties, which includes: pH, EC, TDS, DO, cations ( Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), Anions (Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, CO3-, PO43-) and heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn, Cu). The average value of pH was 8.47 and 8.41 in Buriganga and Turag water indicating moderate alkalinity. The average values of EC content of Buriganga and Turag river water were 327 and 272 ?S cm-1 indicating low to moderate salinity. The mean values of TDS and DO content were 1468.4 and 2.93 mg L-1 in Buriganga river water and 1202 and 3.91 mg L-1 in Turag river water, respectively. Average concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn, and Cu found in Buriganga and Turag river water were 0.068, 0.016, 0.081, 0.237, 0.006, 0.473, 0.19 mg L-1 and 0.012, 0.021, 0.015, 0.034, 0.002, 0.075, 0.014 mg L-1, respectively. From the study it is found that the value of Pb, Cd and Cr content in Buriganga and Cr content in Turag river water exceeded the standard limits of DoE and WHO. Therefore, Government and local people should take some effective measures to control the pollution of Buriganga and Turag river.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 9-14 2016
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Vieira, Alan Lima, Kelber Miranda, Alex Virgilio, Edilene Cristina Ferreira i José Anchieta Gomes Neto. "Evaluation of an improved closed-vessel conductively heated digestion system for the analysis of raw meat samples by ICP techniques". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, nr 8 (2018): 1354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00121a.
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In this work, an improved conductively heated digestion system (CHDS) with closed vessels, which provides simpler, easier and safer digestion of raw chicken, beef and pork meat samples aiming at Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Zn determinations by ICP OES and As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Pb and Se by ICP-MS/MS, was evaluated.
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Jachuła, Justyna, Dorota Kołodyńska i Zbigniew Hubicki. "Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes with glycolic acid from aqueous solutions on different ion exchangers". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, nr 6 (czerwiec 2010): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-027.
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The sorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions on different ion exchangers was investigated by using glycolic acid (GA) as a complexing agent. Glycolic acid is useful for organic synthesis in oxidation–reduction, esterification, and long-chain polymerization. The experiments were carried out by using the following chelating ion exchangers: Purolite S-930, Purolite S-940, Purolite S-950, Diaion CR-20, and Wofatit MC-50 and the cationic ion exchangers: Purolite C-104, Lewatit CNP-80, and Lewatit SP-112. The influence of the initial concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) and glycolic acid, pH of the solution, and phase contact time on the sorption percentage was determined in the batch experiments. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data, and the rate constants were evaluated. The experimental data, fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and determined the isotherm constants. The Cd(II) and Pb(II) concentrations in the raffinate were determined by the AAS method.
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Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira, Ronaldo Severiano Berton, Aline Reneé Coscione i Luis Alberto Saes. "Biosolids Application on Banana Production: Soil Chemical Properties and Plant Nutrition". Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/238185.
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Biosolids are relatively rich in N, P, and S and could be used to substitute mineral fertilization for banana crop. A field experiment was carried out in a Yellow Oxisol to investigate the effects of biosolids application on soil chemical properties and on banana leaf's nutrient concentration during the first cropping cycle. Soil analysis (pH, organic matter, resin P, exchangeable Ca and K, available B, DTPA-extracted micronutrients, and heavy metals) and index-leaf analysis (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) were evaluated. Biosolids can completely substitute mineral N and P fertilizer to banana growth. Soil exchangeable K and leaf-K concentration must be monitored in order to avoid K deficiency in banana plants. No risk of heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) concentration increase in the index leaf was observed when biosolids were applied at the recommended N rate.
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SCHWANCK, Franciele, Jefferson Cardia SIMÕES, Michael HANDLEY, Paul Andrew MAYEWSKI i Ronaldo Torma BERNARDO. "ORIGEM, TRANSPORTE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ANUAL DE ELEMENTOS-TRAÇO NA ÁREA DA GELEIRA DA ILHA PINE, ANTÁRTICA". Geosciences = Geociências 38, nr 1 (6.04.2019): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v38i1.13224.
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Esse trabalho apresenta 30 anos de deposição de doze elementos-traço (Al, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, La, Li, Na, Pr, S e V) analisados por espectrometria de massas no testemunho de gelo Mount Johns (79°55'28" S, 94°23'18" O e 91,20 m de profundidade). Com base na análise de fatores de enriquecimento crustal e marinho, análise de componentes principais e análise de agrupamento, as concentrações foram classificadas como de origem natural e predominantemente crustal para os elementos Al, Ce, La, Pr e V, enquanto que Na e Li são elementos derivados principalmente do aerossol marinho. A concentração de S mostrou uma importante influência de aerossol marinho, além de contribuições vulcânicas e biogênicas consideráveis. Os elementos Bi, Cd, Co e Cr apresentaram influência de fontes variadas, tanto naturais (poeira mineral e vulcânica) como de fontes antrópicas. A variabilidade das concentrações refletem mudanças nas emissões, bem como na circulação atmosférica e nos processos de transporte. A análise de trajetórias reversas mostra forte sazonalidade, com principal transporte de oeste nos meses de inverno e um transporte secundário de nordeste no verão. Durante os meses de verão, as trajetórias apresentam transporte lento (curto) e são mais influenciadas localmente do que em outras estações.
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Sun, Meng, Tao Yan, Qing Yan, Hongye Liu, Liangguo Yan, Yongfang Zhang i Bin Du. "Novel visible-light driven g-C3N4/Zn0.25Cd0.75S composite photocatalyst for efficient degradation of dyes and reduction of Cr(vi) in water". RSC Adv. 4, nr 38 (2014): 19980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01439a.
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Papastergios, G., A. Georgakopoulos, J. L. Femândez-Turiel, D. Gimeno, A. Filippidis, A. Kassoli-Fournaraki i A. Grigoriadou. "HEAVY METALS AND TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENTS IN SOILS OF SELECTED AREAS OF THE KAVALA PREFECTURE, NORTHERN GREECE". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, nr 1 (1.01.2004): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16638.
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In the present study a total of sixteen samples (3 surrounding rocks and 13 uncultivated topsoils) from the industrial zone east of the city of Kavala, Northern Greece, was collected and analyzed for their content in 41 elements. The extraction of the elements was based on the digestion of 0.1 g of each sample with 2 ml HNO3 and the soil fraction used was the < 20Όμιη. The analytical methods used were ICP-OES for the elements Ca, Mg, Κ, Β, Sr, Fe, Na, Si, S, Ρ, and ΑΙ and ICPMS for the elements Mn, Zn, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Rb, Ba, Th, La, Ce, As, Sn, Co, Se, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Cs, W, Sb, Li, U, Ag, Ni, Hg, Ga, Ge and Pb. The mean element concentrations of the thirteen topsoil samples were compared with the mean values for soil types Fluvisols and Leptosols. The results showed that they are enriched for the elements Ag, As and Pb by 21, 15 and 3 times, respectively. Moreover, the topsoils were compared with the three surrounding rock samples. The results showed that the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Κ, Fe, Si, S, AI, Ρ Na, Β, Ce, Co, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, U and W in the topsoils are mainly influenced by their concentrations in the surrounding rocks. The elements Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Ti, Y, V, Zn, and Zr are enriched in the topsoils. The enrichment of Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, and Zn is mainly due to the widespread presence of PBG sulphides, Mn, Cd, and As in the surrounding mineralizations. The enrichment took place, quite possibly, during the formation of Drama and Nestos basins, during Tertiary, and is possibly being continued until today. However, the human activities that take place in the area are also, at least partially, responsible for this enrichment.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Analysis of grape fruits and grape seed for their major , minor and trace elemental contact by XRF technique". Baghdad Science Journal 8, nr 2 (12.06.2011): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.618-624.
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Grapes and grape seeds are important samples employed for environmental medical studies . The air of this work was to identify and concentration calculation of the elements in grapes fruit and thier seeds by using X-Ray fluoresces technique (XRF) . Samples were collected from Abo Ghraib of Baghdad city ,the grape seeds were obtained from those samples . Both samples were taken under experimental procedure to obtain the sample which were ready for analysis . The samples were then submitted to experimental conditions using a radiation source and then samples were applied for counting analysis shows the elements Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , and Sr as major components of the samples. Fe , Sr , I , Ba and V were found an minor elements other elements Cr , Cu , Sn , Sb , Te gave a value of 5 – 10 ppm , Co , Ni , Rb , Ag ,Cd < 5 ppm for the samples of grape seeds . The analysis of grape seeds present Sr , Ca , K , Cl , S , Si , P as major components of the samples, and gave a values for Cr and Rb , Sn , Sb and Te (5 – 10 ppm) , while Co , Rb , Ni , Ag ,Cd (Less than 5 ppm) .
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Balej, Jan. "Verification of the mutual consistency and reliability of thermodynamic data of inorganic electrolytes". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, nr 5 (2011): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2010153.
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The mutual consistency and reliability of the published thermodynamic quantities ΔfG°cr, ΔfG°aq, solubility ms, mean activity coefficient γs and water activity aw,s of the saturated solutions of alkali metal nitrites and selected bi-univalent compounds of Ni, Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn and U at 25 °C have been checked and the obtained results discussed. The method has also been used for the calculation of lacking data ΔfG°cr of the following substances at 25 °C: CsNO2, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, CoBr2·6H2O, CoI2·6H2O, Pb(ClO4)2·3H2O, Cu(NO3)2·6H2O and Pb(NO3)2.
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Yang, Jiejie, Siqi Wang, Ziwen Guo, Yan Deng, Menglong Xu, Siyuan Zhang, Huaqun Yin i in. "Spatial Distribution of Toxic Metal(loid)s and Microbial Community Analysis in Soil Vertical Profile at an Abandoned Nonferrous Metal Smelting Site". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 19 (28.09.2020): 7101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197101.
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In this study soils at different depths were collected in a Zn smelting site located in Zhuzhou City, China, in order to understand toxic metal(loid)s distribution and microbial community in vertical soil profile at a smelting site. Except Soil properties and metal(loid)s content, the richness and diversity of microbial communities in soil samples were analyzed via high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16s rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the content of As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Mn was relatively high in top soil in comparison to subsoil, while the concentration of Cr in subsoil was comparable with that in top soil due to its relative high background value in this soil layer. The bioavailability of Cd, Mn, Zn, and Pb was relative higher than that of As, Cr, and Cu. The diversity of soil microbial communities decreased with increasing depth, which might be ascribed to the decrease in evenness with increase in depth duo to the influence by environmental conditions, such as pH, TK (total potassium), CEC (cation exchange capacity), ORP (oxidation reduction potential), and Bio-Cu (bioavailable copper). The results also found Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were dominant phyla in soil samples. At the genus level, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Gp7 were dominant soil microorganism. Besides, Environmental factors, such as SOM (soil organic matter), pH, Bio-Cu, Bio-Cd (bioavailable cadmium), and Bio-Pb (bioavailable lead), greatly impacted microbial community in surface soil (1–3 m), while ORP, TK, and AN concentration influenced microbial community in the subsoil (4–10 m).
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Aljahdali, Mohammed Othman, i Abdullahi Bala Alhassan. "Heavy Metal Accumulation and Anti-Oxidative Feedback as a Biomarker in Seagrass Cymodocea serrulata". Sustainability 12, nr 7 (2.04.2020): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072841.
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The pursuit of a good candidate to biomonitor environmental pollutants has been on the increase. In this study, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in sediment, seawater and seagrass Cymodocea serrulata compartments and antioxidant enzymes activities in C. serrulata were determined. Our results revealed that bioconcentration factors for all the metals were less than 1 (BCF < 1) and concentrations in seagrass compartments were in the order root > leaf > rhizome for Fe and Mn, leaf > root > rhizome for Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, and root > rhizome > leaf for Cd and Cr. Effect range low concentrations (ER-L) revealed that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were above ER-L values and Cr concentration was below ER-L values while concentrations in seawater for all the heavy metals were above the estimate average element concentrations in seawater (ECS). Significant variation (p < 0.05) was recorded for heavy metals in sediment, seawater, seagrass compartments and heavy metal concentrations across stations. Influence of heavy metals on antioxidant enzymes activities; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were recorded, and high activities of the antioxidants were recorded in station S8 corresponding to high concentrations of heavy metals in the same station. There is a need for the promotion of biomonitoring networks across the marine environment using C. serrulata and antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers of oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants.
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Bojakowska, Izabela, Olimpia Kozłowska i Bartosz Stec. "Trace elements in lake sediments of the Brda river catchment area / Pierwiastki śladowe w osadach jezior zlewni Brdy". Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 26, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2015-0022.
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Abstract Total of 54 samples (of sediments taken from the surface of 5-cm layer of profundal zone of lakes in the catchment of the river Brda) were tested in presented research. The collected samples were analysed for the concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, V and Zn, and Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and S, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), after sample digestion in aqua regia. The Hg concentration was determined from solid samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy (TMA). The organic carbon content was determined using the coulometric method. Sediments of most of lakes examined in the Brda catchment area are characterised by low concentrations of trace elements. Sediments contained an average of 0.9 mg/kg of Cd, 0.107 mg/kg of Hg, 8 mg/kg of Ni, 46 mg/kg of Pb, 8 mg/kg of As, 78 mg/kg of Ba, 12 mg/kg of Cr, 94 mg/kg of Zn, 3 mg/kg of Co, 12 mg/kg of Cu, 1.3 mg/kg of Mo, 105 mg/kg of Sr and 16 mg/kg of V. The presence of elevated concentrations of chromium, copper, nickel and vanadium is controlled by a geogenic factor - weathering of glacial deposits containing fragments of igneous and metamorphic rocks which are the source of heavy metals. The presence of elevated contents of Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd is caused by anthropogenic factor. Most of the lake sediments show low concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni, which do not pose a threat to aquatic organisms. The concentrations of lead in almost half of the samples are elevated to a level at which a negative effect of this element can be observed. In the case of zinc, the proportion of such samples is about 25%.
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Salinitro, Tassoni, Casolari, de Laurentiis, Zappi i Melucci. "Heavy Metals Bioindication Potential of the Common Weeds Senecio vulgaris L., Polygonum aviculare L. and Poa annua L." Molecules 24, nr 15 (1.08.2019): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152813.
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In recent years, heavy metals (HMs) levels in soil and vegetation have increased considerably due to traffic pollution. These pollutants can be taken up from the soil through the root system. The ability of plants to accumulate HMs into their tissues can therefore be used to monitor soil pollution. The aim of this study was to test the ruderal species Senecio vulgaris L., Polygonum aviculare L., and Poa annua L., as possible candidates for biomonitoring Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in multiple environments. The soils analyzed in this work came from three different environments (urban, woodland, and ultramafic), and therefore deeply differed for their metal content, texture, pH, and organic matter (OM) content. All urban soils were characterized by high OM content and presence of anthropogenic metals like Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu. Woodland soils were sandy and characterized by low metal content and low OM content, and ultramafic soils had high Ni and Cr content. This soil variability affected the bioindication properties of the three studied species, leading to the exclusion of most metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb) and one species (P. aviculare) due to the lack of linear relations between metal in soil and metal in plants. Senecio vulgaris and Poa annua, conversely, appeared to be good indicators of Ni in all the soils tested. A high linear correlation between total Ni in soil and Ni concentration in P. annua shoots (R2 = 0.78) was found and similar results were achieved for S. vulgaris (R2 = 0.88).
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Protima Sarker, Md Shiblur Rahaman, Mohammad Mahbub Kabir i Masahiro Maruo. "Evaluation of Contamination and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Dhaleswari River Sediments, Bangladesh". International Journal of Environment 10, nr 1 (23.07.2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v10i1.38399.
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The Dhaleswari river is considered as one of the most important rivers of Bangladesh due to its geographical location and ecological services. The present study attempts to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution, contamination, and accumulative behavior in the sediment of the Dhaleswari river. The sediment samples were collected from fifteen different locations of the Dhaleswari river. Heavy metals were analyzed using the Flame Atomic Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd were 131.9, 48.89, 43.16, 33.23 and 0.37 mgkg-1, respectively. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Sediment Quality Guideline, the sediment of most of the locations were not polluted for Pb and Cd. But S-11 location for Cd (0.8 mg kg-1) was highly polluted. For Cr, Cu and Zn, maximum locations were moderately polluted. Although the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values of Dhaleswari river sediments showed almost no severe contamination for most of the sampling locations, the pollution load index (PLI) values showed that most of the sampling sites were contaminated for all heavy metals tested. Moreover, for all measured heavy metals, the mean Contamination Factor (CF) values indicated moderate pollution, except for Cr, which suggested low pollution. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient matrix among the selected heavy metals of Dhaleswari river sediment showed no significant correlation among each other. Therefore, regular monitoring of the heavy metal concentration of the Dhaleshwari river sediment from different location is necessary to identify the sources of pollution so that proper initiative could be taken to prevent heavy metal pollution.
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Simon, L. "HEAVY METALS, SODIUM AND SULPHUR IN ROADSIDE TOPSOILS AND IN THE INDICATOR PLANT CHICORY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.)". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, nr 1 (1.05.2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.1.1.
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The heavy metal (cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; nickel, Ni; lead, Pb and zinc, Zn), sodium (Na) and sulphur (S) contamination of roadside topsoils and the accumulation of these elements in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as indicator plant was studied at different sites in Nyíregyháza (Hungary) between 1994 and 1996. In roadside urban topsoils (collected from a depth of 0–10 cm at a distance of 0.1 or 0.2–4.0 m from..
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Maruthapandi, Moorthy, Arumugam Saravanan, Priyanka Manohar, John H. T. Luong i Aharon Gedanken. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes and Antimicrobial Activities by Polyaniline–Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot Nanocomposite". Nanomaterials 11, nr 5 (27.04.2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051128.
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Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N@CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing of bovine serum albumin (Mw: 69,324 with 607 amino acids). A polyaniline (PANI-N@CDs) nanocomposite was then synthesized by ultrasonication and used to degrade Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB), and crystal violet (CV) four common organic dyes. The PANI-N@CD nanocomposite simultaneously adsorbed and concentrated the dye from the bulk solution and degraded the adsorbed dye, resulting in a high rate of dye degradation. The combination of holes (h+), hydroxyl (OH•), and O2•− was involved in the N@CD-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyes. Under visible light illumination at neutral pH, the PANI-N@CDs were proven as an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for the complete degradation of CR within 20 min. MB and RhB were also degraded but required longer treatment times. These findings supported the design of remediation processes for such dyes and predicted their fate in the environment. The nanocomposite also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.
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Mohiuddin, KM, MM Alam, Istiaq Ahmed i AK Chowdhury. "Heavy metal pollution load in sediment samples of the Buriganga river in Bangladesh". Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, nr 2 (20.07.2016): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i2.28784.
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A study was conducted to assess the level of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contamination in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river, at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Total 14 sediment samples were collected from different areas of upstream of the Buriganga river. The mean concentrations of total Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in the sediment samples were 173.4, 31.4, 1.5, 153.3, 481.8, 344.2, 12989 and 4036 ?g g-1, respectively. The range of pH and EC of sediment were 5.87-8.21 and 230-707 ?S cm-1, respectively. The mean value of organic matter in sediment samples was 13.4%. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were compared with geochemical background and standard values, previous report on the Buriganga river and other rivers in Bangladesh. The average concentration of Cr, Pb and Ni in sediments of the Buriganga river is almost twice of the geochemical background i.e. average worldwide shale standard and continental upper crust value, Cd and Zn is about five times and Cu content is about ten times higher than the geochemical background values. Average concentration of Cr, Cu and Ni exceeded the severe effect level (SEL) values, where as Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded toxicity reference values (TRV). However, the concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river for the year 2009 of the same river reported by corresponding author was relatively higher than this study average. The average Enrichment factors (EFc) for Zn, Cu, Mn and Cd reflects extremely contaminated pollution level which implies that these metals originated from point source of pollution and very severely enriched in river sediments. The pollution load index (PLI) of sediments of the studied region varied from 1.61-7.51. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu of five locations was greater than 3.0, which exhibited strongly polluted sediment quality. The Igeo for Mn in 11 locations and Zn in 12 sites were greater than 1.0, indicated moderately polluted sediment quality. Heavy metal pollution intensity in the Buriganga river water and sediments signaled alarming condition for city dwellers and aquatic ecosystem of the river. Sustainable steps and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested to minimize pollution.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 229-238, December 2015
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MASROUR, R., M. HAMEDOUN i A. BENYOUSSEF. "CROSSOVER OF CRITICAL EXPONENTS INDUCED BY DILUTION VIA MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS". International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, nr 32 (30.12.2011): 4573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211059218.
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The crossover of dilution in the critical exponent associated with the thermodynamic properties in the magnetic materials via Monte Carlo simulations is observed. The obtained results of critical exponent associated with the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and correlation length for the ZnCr 2x Al 2-2x S 4, Cd 1-y Cr 2-2x In y+2x Se 4 and Zn 1-x Mn x Te systems are comparable with those given by the experiment results.
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Ogbonna, P. C., I. P. Okezie, U. R. Onyeizu, E. Biose, O. U. Nwankwo i E. C. Osuagwu. "Analysis of Soil Quality Status and Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Element in Food Crops Growing at Fecal Sludge Dumpsite in Ubakala, Nigeria". March 2021 5, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2021.01.0273.
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This study investigated the magnitude of potentially toxic element (PTE) in fecal sludge and the level of contamination of soil and food crops at Ubakala, Abia State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected in four cardinal points at north (N), south (S), east (E) and west (W) of 1 m, 5 m, 15 m and 30 m from the edge of the fecal sludge dumpsite and standards (2 ppm, 4 ppm and 6 ppm) were prepared from 1000 ppm stock solution of the metals and used to plot the calibration curve with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Commonly consumed Carica papaya, Telfairia occidentalis and Manihot esculenta leaf samples were collected and analyzed to measure the concentrations of PTEs such as Cd, Zn Cr, Mn, Pb and Cu. The concentrations of Zn (12.41±0.30 mg/kg), Cd (0.07±0.00 mg/kg), Cr (4.47±0.34 mg/kg), Cu (2.12±0.03 mg/kg), Mn (8.13±0.03 mg/kg) and Pb (0.01±0.00 mg/kg) in dried fecal sludge are below the permitted limits of European Union. Concentrations of PTEs in soil and plants were Zn (13.40±1.20 to 100.80±1.40 and 1.24±0.06 to 56.02±5.02 mg/kg), Cd (0.07±0.01 to 0.92±0.02 and 0.0000±0.000 to 0.085±0.01 mg/kg), Cu (6.27±0.31 to 31.39±1.04 and 0.002±0.001 to 10.80±2.01 mg/kg), Mn (36.00±1.56 to 188.57±2.25 and 0.11±0.00 to 17.21±2.01 mg/kg), Cr (2.40±0.40 to 21.03±1.43 and 0.000±0.00 to 9.60±1.13 mg/kg) and Pb (0.09±0.02 to 0.35±0.03 and <0.00001±0.00 to 0.008±0.00 mg/kg), respectively. Zinc in soil is higher than FAO/WHO permissible limit while Cd in soil is higher than FAO/WHO limit and Dutch criteria for soil. Zinc and Cr in food crops are higher than FAO/WHO permissible limit. Strong positive relationship exist between Zn in soil and food crops (r = 0.616, p<0.05). Based on the findings, it is recommended that the fecal sludge should be treated with lime to precipitate PTE content of sludge and lowering the corresponding environmental risks.
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Tusher, TR, AS Piash, MA Latif, MH Kabir i MM Rana. "Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Agricultural Lands around Dyeing, Glass and Textile Industries in Tangail District of Bangladesh". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, nr 2 (29.11.2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39020.
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The study was conducted to investigate the soil quality including heavy metal concentrations in agricultural lands around dyeing, glass and textile industries at Tangail district of Bangladesh. A total of nine samples, three samples from each industrial site, were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with an interval of 10 m from each point of the agricultural lands adjacent to selected industries for analyzing the soil chemical properties such as pH, OM, total N, available P and S including heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr) concentrations. The study found soil pH of 6.4 and 6.1 around textile and glass industry, respectively, while comparatively lower pH (4.4) was observed around dyeing industry. Comparatively higher levels of OM, total N, available P and S were found in soil around dyeing industry, whereas lower levels of OM and available S were observed around textile industry. The Cu, Pb and Cr were the dominant heavy metal around dyeing, glass and textile industry, respectivelyJ. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 109-116 2017
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Dobrzański, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Tadeusz Trziszka, Sebastian Opaliński, Łukasz Bobak, Damian Konkol i Mariusz Korczyński. "The Effect of Dietary Humic Preparations on the Content of Essential and Non-Essential Chemical Elements in Hen Eggs". Animals 10, nr 8 (23.07.2020): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081252.
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with two humic preparations, Humokarbowit (HKW) and Humobentofet (HBF), on the mineral content of the albumen and egg yolk of Lohmann Brown hens. The content of macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), microelements (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Si, Sr, Zn) and trace elements (Ag, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ga, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y and Zr) in the feed mixture (FM), albumen and yolk were presented. The material was collected from laying hens kept in a cage system in two groups, control (C) and enriched (E), with standard feed and feed enriched with humic preparations, respectively. The enriched feed mixture was characterised by a significantly higher Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Co, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Mg, Ni, S, Sb, Si, Zn and Zr content compared to the standard, basal mixture. Only some of these elements were found in significantly increased levels in albumen (Bi, Co, Ni, S) and yolk (Bi, Fe, K, Sb). Another noteworthy finding was a significantly lower concentration of Na in the content of eggs from the E-Group, which corresponds to the content of this important macronutrient in the feed. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of elements such as Al, I, Li, Sr, Ti, Tl, Y, W was noted with a reduction in Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Rb, Sn in Group-E, which indicates a complicated egg formation processes, including biotransfer-essential and non-essential chemical elements.
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Kosiba, Piotr. "Impact of air pollution on the occurrence of Rhytisma acerinium "tar-spot" on mapie leaves". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, nr 4 (2011): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.037.
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The aim of the study was, to find out whether the occurrence of <em>Rhytisma acerinium</em> and the variability of numbers of the "tar-spot" fungus on <em>Acer platanoides</em> leaves depend on the degree of environmental pollution. <em>A significant</em> variability was found between sites in relation to contents of chemical elements in soils, leaves and numbers of "tar-spots". The similarity of sites presented in dendrograms classified them as industrial, urban-agglomeration and vehicle-transport areas. The factor and PCA analyses showed that two factors differentiate the soil of the sites in respect of Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Cr, Ni, Cd and N, S, Mn, Pb. In case of leaves of <em>A. platanoides</em> populations differentiate them in respect of N, S, Fe, Pb, Zn, Co, Be, Cr, Cd and Mn, Cu, Mo. The different air pollutions affect significantly the numbers of "tar-spots" on leaves. Sites with the highest contents of elements do not show "tar-spots", and the factors restricting their occurrence are the high contents, mainly of N, S (NO<sub>X</sub>, SO<sub>X</sub>) and heavy metals. In sites, with the lowest contents of these elements massive infections take place. The occurrence of <em>R. acerinium</em> corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for evaluation of the degree of environmental pollution.
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Hossain, MN, MGM Jamil, MM Mia, MN Uddin i MA Mansur. "Studies on the Proximate Composition, Quality and Heavy Metal Concentration of two Sun-Dried Marine Fish (Sun-Dried Silver Pomfret and Sun-Dried Perch) of Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, nr 1 (28.11.2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34690.
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This research was conducted on the proximate composition, quality aspect and heavy metal concentration of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) and sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) which were collected from local market of Cox‟s Bazar town. These sun-dried marine fishes were collected from the stock after first drying procedure. Organoleptically most of these sun-dried fishes were in „excellent‟ grade some were in „Good‟ grade. Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N content (%) of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 32.25±1.50, 7.75±0.20, 39.59±0.34, 15.75±0.39, 85.68±1.60 and 8.41±0.37 respectively. Whereas in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) the content (%) of Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N was 40.31±2.13, 5.03±0.55, 26.74±0.47, 11.50±0.26, 46.97±1.00 and 8.21±0.12 respectively. Heavy metal concentration i.e. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 0.68, 5.85, 8.43, 1.15, 24.93 ppm. Whereas heavy metal concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) was Cd 0.65 ppm, Cr 5.6 ppm, Pb 6.28 ppm, Cu 1.04 ppm, Zn 23.8 ppm.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 25-32 2017