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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Cereal aflatoxins”

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Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Dimovska, Elena, Zoran Zhivikj, Elizabeta Gavazova, Tanja Petreska Ivanovska, and Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi. "Analysis of total aflatoxins in commercially available cereal products in the Republic of North Macedonia." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 68, no. 1 (2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.01.007.

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Aflatoxins, as naturally occurring toxins, can accumulate in maturing crops or in grain during transportation and represent serious threat for contamination of cereal processed products. Consumption of aflatoxin contaminated foodstuffs can cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans. With an aim to protect public health, maximum residue levels (MRLs) for these toxins are defined by the regulation authorities. To control the compliance of aflatoxin residues in cereal-based products to legislation, a convenient analytical technique that will provide rapid, specific, accurate and costly effective a
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Fidelis, Azi, U. Oledinma Ngozi, Amaka Njoku Helen, N. Nwobasi Veronica, and S. Nwankwegu Amechi. "Microbial and Aflatoxins Analysis of Selected Cereal Flours Processed and Sold in Abakaliki Metropolis." Advances in Research 10, no. 5 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2017/32890.

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Aflatoxins are very potent mycotoxins produce by molds. Molds are very common pre-harvest and post harvest contaminant of cereals/cereal products. Despite improved handling, processing and storage of cereals, aflatoxins still remain a major problem in the cereal processing industry causing both health hazards and economic losses. Therefore, some researchers have suggested that in order to avoid the toxicity, the levels of aflatoxins and similar toxic compounds in foodstuffs have to be monitored closely, and be kept under control continuously. Otherwise, related health effects like acute and ch
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Akter, Tasmia, Shamim Shamsi, Sompa Reza, et al. "Fungi Isolation, Identification And Detection of Aflatoxins In Selected Cereals And Cereal Products." Bioresearch Communications 11, no. 1 (2024): 1633–42. https://doi.org/10.3329/brc.v11i1.78879.

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Background: The study aimed to detect toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin residues (B1, B2, G1, G2) in cereals and cereal products samples such as oats, rice, corn, corn flakes, wheat flour, and rice flour from local markets near Dhaka University, Bangladesh, due to the serious health risks posed by aflatoxins, produced by fungi Aspergillus flavus. Methods: A total of 130 samples were collected and the pooled 26 samples were analyzed. Associated fungi were isolated and cultured on a PDA medium and identified morphologically based on colony color, texture, diameter, and microscopic observation. Molec
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Herrera, Marta, Noemi Bervis, Juan José Carramiñana, et al. "Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants." Toxins 11, no. 3 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030150.

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and deoxynivalenol causes digestive disorders, and both mycotoxins occur frequently in cereal-based foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby foods as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI) in different stages of infancy. Sixty samples of infant cereals (wheat-, corn-, rice-, oat-, and mixed grain-based) were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed by validated methods. Aflatoxins were detected in 12 samples (20%), six o
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Leszczyńska, J., J. MasŁowska, A. Owczarek, and U. Kucharska. "Determination of aflatoxins in food products by the ELISA method." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 1 (2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6567-cjfs.

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To determine the total content of aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in food the ELISA method was used. Milk, dairy products and cereal samples were mainly investigated. A few samples were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins. A great usability of the ELISA method for aflatoxin determination in food was established. Selectivity and sensitivity of the method is reported.
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Abdulrahman, Idris, Amina Aliyu Danbaba, and Garba Uba. "Assessment of Cereals for Fungal Contaminants and Presence of Aflatoxins from Two Major Markets in Kaduna Metropolis." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2020): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.504.

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Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that contaminate food products such as cereals leading to serious health and economic consequences. In order to assess the level of fungal contaminants and the presence of aflatoxins in such products, five (5) different cereal samples comprising of rice, maize, millet, wheat and sorghum were purchased each from two major markets within Kaduna metropolis. The samples were assessed for fungal contaminants using ten-fold serial dilution and cultured appropriate dilutions using pour-plate technique. Aflatoxins were detected using
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7

Belasli, Azem, Marta Herrera, Agustín Ariño, and Djamel Djenane. "Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Major Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs from Algeria." Toxins 15, no. 7 (2023): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070449.

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Cereal-based products, nuts and dried fruits are staple foods for the Algerian population. However, these foodstuffs may be sources of harmful mycotoxins, with negative impacts on human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrences and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in 198 samples of nuts, dried fruits and cereal products commercialized in Algeria, as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDIs). Aflatoxins were found in 26.2% of the nut samples (in peanuts and almonds, but not in walnut
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SANCHIS, V., N. SALA, A. PALOMES, P. SANTAMARINA, and P. A. BURDASPAL. "Occurrence of Aflatoxin and Aflatoxigenic Molds in Foods and Feed in Spain." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 6 (1986): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.6.445.

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A survey was carried out to obtain data on the occurrence of aflatoxin and aflatoxigenic mold contamination of foods in Spain. A variety of commodities amounting to 338 samples were analyzed, comprising cereal grains, mixed feeds, edible nuts, wheat flour for bread-making, biscuits, sliced bread, soya beans and breakfast cereals. The results reveal a rather low incidence of aflatoxin contamination in samples tested. Aflatoxins were detected in 4 of 27 samples of mixed feeds at levels below 5 μg/kg; one sample of peanuts was contaminated with 120 μg aflatoxin B1/kg and 22 μg aflatoxin B2/kg. Af
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9

AZER, MOUNIR, and CHONG COOPER. "Determination of Aflatoxins in Foods Using HPLC and a Commercial ELISA System." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 4 (1991): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.4.291.

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A commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were used simultaneously to analyze 178 samples of foodstuffs for total aflatoxins. High correlation coefficient values between results of the two methodologies were obtained (>0.96) with nuts, nut products, peanuts, and peanut butter. However, poor correlation was obtained from results of cereals and grain samples. The ELISA system demonstrated a high degree of reproducibility between wells (p<0.01). Of the 35 samples of nut and nut products examin
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10

Wang, Xue, Dun Wang, Shujuan Zhang, et al. "Research Progress Related to Aflatoxin Contamination and Prevention and Control of Soils." Toxins 15, no. 8 (2023): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080475.

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Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic compounds, mainly produced by fungi species of the genus Aspergillus in the soil. Because of their stability, they are difficult to remove completely, even under extreme conditions. Aflatoxin contamination is one of the main causes of safety in peanuts, maize, wheat and other agricultural products. Aflatoxin contamination originates from the soil. Through the investigation of soil properties and soil microbial distribution, the sources of aflatoxin are identified, aflatoxin contamination is classified and analysed, and post-harvest crop detoxification and cor
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11

Gonzalez-Avila, Sheyla Marilyn, and Cesar Joel Gutiérrez-Ñique. "Bioreactors used for the bioremediation of aflatoxins." Agroindustrial Science 12, no. 3 (2022): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2022.03.17.

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The toxicity of microorganisms such as aflatoxins found in various varieties of food that are currently widely consumed in Peru as in the world. Many of the foods contaminated with aflatoxins cause diseases, one of the main ones being carcinogenicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ozone/air and UV concentration on the remediation of aflatoxins in different cereals or grains for human consumption. This study reviews how a new reactor can be developed that degrade and detoxify into more aflatoxins, however, many studies have verified that the harmful effects of AFB1 can be greatly r
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12

Kocube, Sandor, Janos Varga, Djendji Sigeti, et al. "Aspergillus species as mycotoxin producers in agricultural products in central Europe." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 124 (2013): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1324013k.

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Aspergillus species are able to produce a range of mycotoxins, includ?ing e.g. aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins and patulin. Aflatoxins are mainly produced by members of Aspergillus section Flavi, and they contaminate various agricultural products in several parts of the world. Several recent reports have indicated that aflatoxin-producing fungi and consequently aflatoxin contamination occur in agricultural commodities in a number of European countries which have not been faced with this problem before. Indeed, recent surveys have clarified that concentrations of aflatoxins in maize product
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Flavus, Aspergillus, Quezada Viay Martha Yoland, Moreno Lara Josefina, Torres Flores David, and Andrea Alejandra Arrúa Alvarenga. "Determinación de micotoxinas presentes en alimentos de consumo infantil comercializados en México." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 4 (2021): 5122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-013.

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Los cereales y sus subproductos son la base de la alimentación en México y en países en desarrollo. El cereal seco es un alimento basado en granos de cereales y/o leguminosas que se elaboran para lograr un escaso contenido de humedad y se fragmentan para permitir su dilución con agua, leche y otro líquido conveniente para niños y lactantes. Los efectos adversos de las micotoxinas incluyen problemas en el crecimiento infantil, defectos en el desarrollo del tubo neural, daños al sistema inmunológico, enfermedades renales, y mayores probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de hígado y esófago. Por lo
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Kumar, Pradeep, Akansha Gupta, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, et al. "Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies." Toxins 14, no. 10 (2022): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100687.

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Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reprodu
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Tóth, B., O. Török, É. Kótai, et al. "Role of Aspergilli and Penicillia in mycotoxin contamination of maize in Hungary." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 2 (2012): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.2.5.

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Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins and patulin, are frequently encountered on cereal products. The occurrence of these species and their mycotoxins on maize was investigated in Hungary after harvest in two consecutive years. Surface-sterilized cereal seeds were placed on selective media, and the isolated fungal strains were identified using morphological methods. In 2010 and 2011, 81.94% and 14.33%, respectively, of the samples were found to be contaminated with potentially toxigenic isolates. The species identification of se
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Omara, Timothy, Winfred Nassazi, Tom Omute, et al. "Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4723612.

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Uganda is an agrarian country where farming employs more than 60% of the population. Aflatoxins remain a scourge in the country, unprecedentedly reducing the nutritional and economic value of agricultural foods. This review was sought to synthetize the country’s major findings in relation to the mycotoxins’ etiology, epidemiology, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, control, and reduction in different matrices. Electronic results indicate that aflatoxins in Uganda are produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and have been reported in maize, sorghum, sesame, beans, sunflowe
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Bailly, Sylviane, Béatrice Orlando, Jean Brustel, Jean-Denis Bailly, and Cecile Levasseur-Garcia. "Rapid Detection of Aflatoxins in Ground Maize Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Toxins 16, no. 9 (2024): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16090385.

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins that may contaminate many crops and more especially maize. To protect consumers from these contaminants, many countries set up low regulatory thresholds of few µg/kg. The control of food requires time-consuming analysis for which sampling is a key step. It would therefore of key sanitary and economic relevance to develop rapid, sensitive and accurate methods that could even be applied on line at harvest, to identify batches to be excluded as soon as possible. In this study, we analyzed more than 500 maize samples taken at harvest during 3 years for their
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Gazioğlu, Işil, and Ufuk Kolak. "Method Validation for the Quantitative Analysis of Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and Ochratoxin A in Processed Cereal-Based Foods by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 4 (2015): 939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-211.

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Abstract Modified AOAC 991.31 and AOAC 2000.03 methods for the simultaneous determination of total aflatoxins (AFs), aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A (OTA) in processed cereal-based foods by RP-HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection were validated. A KOBRA® Cell derivatization system was used to analyze total AFs. One of the modifications was the extraction procedure of mycotoxins. Both AFs and OTA were extracted with methanol–water (75 + 25, v/v) and purified with an immunoaffinity column before HPLC analysis. The modified methods were validated by measuring the specificity, selectivity, line
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Turner, Paul C., Brenna Flannery, Catherine Isitt, Mariyam Ali, and James Pestka. "The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food." Nutrition Research Reviews 25, no. 1 (2012): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095442241200008x.

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25 % of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. A number of risks to health are suggested including cancer, growth faltering, immune suppression and neural tube defects; though only the demonstrated role for aflatoxin in the aetiology of liver cancer is widely recognised. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling
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MANCINI, ARIANNA, ELENA DREASSI, MAURIZIO BOTTA, FRANCA TARCHI, and VALERIA FRANCARDI. "BIOACCUMULATION RISK ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXIN B1, OCHRA-TOXIN AND FUMONISIN B1 IN TENEBRIO MOLITOR LARVAE." Redia 103 (November 26, 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-103.20.16.

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The industrial farming of edible insects for food and feed generally employs cultivated plants and derivatives as rearing diets. These feed substrates may contain toxins produced by different species of fungi which cause ad-verse health effects to consumers. Frequently found in cereals and cereal products, mycotoxins aflatoxins, ochra-toxins and fumonisins are harmful to human and animal health. In this study the uptake of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) and their elimination rates were investigated in T. molitor larvae fed on cereal-based diets contaminated with
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Makori, N., A. Matemu, M. Kimanya, and N. Kassim. "Inadequate management of complementary foods contributes to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and low nutrition status among children." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2354.

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Early exposure to aflatoxins through complementary food is linked to impaired growth in childhood. The current study assessed the household’s practices on management of complementary foods in relation to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and poor nutritional status among infant and young children in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study of complementary feeding practices, aflatoxin exposure and nutritional status was conducted to 101 infants and young children aged between 6-23 months in Dodoma region of Tanzania. The intake of complementary food was estimated by using repeated 24 h dietary recall. F
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Amagloh, Francis Kweku. "Sweetpotato-based infant foods produce porridge with lower viscosity and aflatoxin level than cereal-based complementary blends." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0275593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275593.

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The viscosity, protein, and total aflatoxins contents in orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) and cereal-based commercial complementary formulations and the effect of dilution on the protein content of the formulations were investigated. Standard procedures were used for the determination of these parameters. Over 80% of the formulations had a viscosity above the recommended consistency of 1000–3000 cP for feeding young children. The consistency of OFSP-legume porridge was significantly (2392.5 cP; p < 0.001) lower, about 1.7 and 3.4 times than cereal-only and cereal-legume blends, respectivel
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Zhang, Jing, Xi Tang, Yifan Cai, and Wen-Wen Zhou. "Mycotoxin Contamination Status of Cereals in China and Potential Microbial Decontamination Methods." Metabolites 13, no. 4 (2023): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040551.

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The presence of mycotoxins in cereals can pose a significant health risk to animals and humans. China is one of the countries that is facing cereal contamination by mycotoxins. Treating mycotoxin-contaminated cereals with established physical and chemical methods can lead to negative effects, such as the loss of nutrients, chemical residues, and high energy consumption. Therefore, microbial detoxification techniques are being considered for reducing and treating mycotoxins in cereals. This paper reviews the contamination of aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and ochratoxin A
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Chamkasem, Narong, William Y. Cobb, George W. Latimer, C. Salinas, and B. A. Clement. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in Grains, Oilseeds, and Animal Feeds by Post-Column Derivatization and On-Line Sample Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 2 (1989): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.2.336.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method using on-line sample cleanup, reverse flow analytical column loading, gradient elution, and postcolumn derivatization with iodine permits direct, rapid determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, as well as ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Limits of quantitation are 5 ppb for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A and 30 ppb for zearalenone. This procedure performs well as a multimycotoxin screen for cereal grains and oilseeds, with more limited success in complete animal feeds.
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Alkuwari, Asma, Zahoor Ul Hassan, Randa Zeidan, Roda Al-Thani, and Samir Jaoua. "Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control." Toxins 14, no. 6 (2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14060404.

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Fungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii volatiles against key toxigenic fungal strains. Aspergillus spp. were the most frequent contaminating fungi in the cereals, with an isolation frequency (Fr) of 100% in maize, followed by wheat (88.23%), rice (78.57%) and oats (14.28%). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of key toxigeni
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Rodríguez-Aguilar, M., J. Solís-Mercado, R. Flores-Ramírez, F. Díaz-Barriga, A. Zuki-Orozco, and V. G. Cilia-López. "Aflatoxins and the traditional process of nixtamalisation in indigenous communities from the Huasteca Potosina region." World Mycotoxin Journal 13, no. 3 (2020): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2019.2538.

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Aflatoxins represent one of the biggest public health problems in food safety, due to their toxic potential for humans and animals. They can lead to serious threats, such as hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity and immunotoxicity. Maize is the most important cereal consumed in Mexico, with which tortillas, tamales, flours, toasts and other products are elaborated. The elaboration of tortillas begins with nixtamalisation, which is an ancient maize process, developed and applied by indigenous Mesoamerican population. Some studies have shown the effect of nixtamalisation in the inactivation of aflatoxi
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Gagiu, Valeria, Elena Mateescu, Ileana Armeanu, et al. "Post-Harvest Contamination with Mycotoxins in the Context of the Geographic and Agroclimatic Conditions in Romania." Toxins 10, no. 12 (2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120533.

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This study aimed to assess post-harvest contamination with mycotoxins in the context of the geographic and agroclimatic conditions in Romania in 2012–2015, a period that was characterized by extreme meteorological events and the effects of climate change. The samples were randomly sampled from five agricultural regions of Romania and analyzed for mycotoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An SPSS analysis was done to explore correlations between mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol—DON, aflatoxins—AF, ochratoxin A—OTA, zearalenone—ZEA), product types (raw cereal, processed cereal, cereal-based foo
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Ihechu, S. C., N. P. Akani, and T. Sampson. "Antibiogram and Molecular Detection of Aflatoxigenic Gene from some Species of Aspergillus in Cereal Grains." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 16, no. 5 (2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i51425.

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Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins produced by certain strains of Aspergillus, which pose significant threats to human and animal health due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The study therefore targeted the antibiogram and molecular detection of aflatoxigenic gene from some species of Aspergillus in Cereal grains. Seventy-two samples of maize, rice, wheat and millet were bought from different vendors in Mile 3, Mile 1 and Rumuokoro Market in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The molecular characterization and detection of the aflatoxin regulatory gene was achieved using a PCR-
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Wacoo, Alex, Ivan Mukisa, Rehema Meeme, et al. "Probiotic Enrichment and Reduction of Aflatoxins in a Traditional African Maize-Based Fermented Food." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020265.

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Fermentation of food products can be used for the delivery of probiotic bacteria and means of food detoxification, provided that probiotics are able to grow, and toxins are reduced in raw materials with minimal effects on consumer acceptability. This study evaluated probiotic enrichment and detoxification of kwete, a commonly consumed traditional fermented cereal beverage in Uganda, by the use of starter culture with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 and Streptococcus thermophilus C106. Probiotic kwete was produced by fermenting a suspension of ground maize grain at 30 °C for a p
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Platonov, A. V., S. V. Eregina, I. I. Rassokhina, and I. V. Artamonov. "Mycotoxin contamination of silage harvested by livestock farms in the Vologda region." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, no. 12 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-12-5.

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The article reflects the results of the study of mycotoxin contamination of silage harvested in 2021–2023 in the Vologda region. The main objective of the study was to assess the degree of mycotoxin contamination of different types of silage. The analyzed samples were represented by silages of different composition: legume-grass, cereal, corn, mixed grass and grass silage from natural lands. In total, more than 150 silage samples from 22 farms in the region were investigated. The content of mycotoxins (aflatoxin sum, ochratoxin A, zearalenone) in feeds was determined by enzyme immunoassay usin
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El-Tahan, F. H., M. H. El-Tahan, and M. A. Shebl. "Occurrence of aflatoxins in cereal grains from four Egyptian governorates." Nahrung/Food 44, no. 4 (2000): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20000701)44:4<279::aid-food279>3.0.co;2-z.

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Rudraboyina, Sai Kiran, Meghalatha Kammara, Yogita ., Sanjoy Samanta, and Hema Prasanthi Laxmi Potnuri. "Aflatoxins in cereal crops and their integrated management: A review." Pharma Innovation 12, no. 3 (2023): 4670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i3ay.19461.

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Manni, Katariina, Sari Rämö, Marcia Franco, Marketta Rinne, and Arto Huuskonen. "Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Grass and Whole-Crop Cereal Silages—A Farm Survey." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030398.

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Mycotoxin incidence in forage may heavily affect the amount of toxins consumed by cattle. However, many studies have focused on mycotoxin occurrence in cereals and there are less studies of forages, particularly of grass silages. For determining the occurrence of mycotoxins in farm silages under Northern European conditions in Finland, 37 grass silage and 6 whole-crop cereal silage batches were analysed separately for surface, core and, if present, visibly mouldy spots. Mycotoxins were found in 92% of the samples. All mouldy samples contained mycotoxins. Beauvericin was the most common mycotox
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Gachara, Grace, Rashid Suleiman, Sara El Kadili, Essaid Ait Barka, Beatrice Kilima, and Rachid Lahlali. "Drivers of Post-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination: Evidence Gathered from Knowledge Disparities and Field Surveys of Maize Farmers in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya." Toxins 14, no. 9 (2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090618.

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Maize-dependent populations in sub-Saharan Africa are continually exposed to aflatoxin poisoning owing to their regular consumption of this dietetic cereal. Being a staple in Kenyan households, consumption of maize-based meals is done almost daily, thereby exposing consumers to aflatoxicoses. This study assessed awareness levels, knowledge disparities, and perceptions regarding aflatoxin contamination at the post-harvest phase among farmers in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Households were randomly selected using a geographical positioning system (GPS) overlay of the agro-ecological zones wi
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Assunção, Ricardo, Géraldine Boué, Paula Alvito, et al. "Risk-Benefit Assessment of Cereal-Based Foods Consumed by Portuguese Children Aged 6 to 36 Months—A Case Study under the RiskBenefit4EU Project." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (2021): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093127.

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Cereal-based foods, including breakfast (BC) and infant cereals (IC), are among the first solid foods introduced to infants. BC and IC are sources of macro and micronutrients that have beneficial effects on health, but can also be sources of harmful chemical and microbiological contaminants and nutrients that may lead to adverse health effects at high consumption levels. This study was performed under the RiskBenefit4EU project with the aim of assessing the health impact associated with consumption of BC and IC by Portuguese children under 35 months. Adverse effects associated with the presenc
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Platonov, A. V., S. V. Eregina, and I. V. Artamonov. "Results of mycotoxicological monitoring of cattle feed harvested in the Vologda Region." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 25, no. 6 (2024): 1124–36. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.6.1124-1136.

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There has been carried a mycotoxicological research of various feed for cattle to find the most contaminated types of feed and the most common mycotoxins. During the long-term monitoring of feed samples similar in species composition, harvesting and storage conditions to determine the dynamics of the number of mycotoxins over 260 plant samples from a number of the Vologda Region farms were studied, among them 61 samples were examined for the simultaneous content of 4 mycotoxins and 22 samples for the simultaneous content of 5 mycotoxins. The content of the main groups of mycotoxins in harveste
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Kaymak, Tugrul, Ercan Koca, Mustafa Atak, Ercan Sarikaya, and Joerg Stroka. "Determination of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Traditional Turkish Cereal-Based Fermented Food by Multi-Affinity Column Cleanup and LC Fluorescence Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 1 (2019): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0490.

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Abstract Background: Tarhana is a traditional fermented, sun-dried Turkish food containing yogurt and cereals. There are several potential sources of mycotoxins in tarhana, such as contamination of ingredients or formation during preparation, when water activity is suitable for fungal growth and may lead to mycotoxin production during fermentation or subsequent sun-drying. Objective: To optimize an immunoaffinity column method and carry out single-laboratory validation for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 together with ochratoxin A (OTA) in tarhana. Method: A homogenized samp
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Mensah, Patience, B. S. Drasan, T. J. Harrison, and A. M. Tomkins. "Fermented Cereal Gruels: Towards a Solution of the Weanling's Dilemma." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 13, no. 1 (1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659101300133.

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The high incidence of diarrhoeal morbidity a the onset of weaning is due in part to consumption of contaminated food. This paper discusses the possible role of fermentation as a household food preparation technology in the improvement of the microbial quality of weaning foods as well as in providing adequate nutrients for infant growth and development. It discusses the extent to which fermented foods provide adequate nutrients; the degree to which fermentation can reduce the levels of aflatoxins, hydrocyanic acid, and other toxins in foods; whether fermentation reduces contamination of weaning
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Nikolić, Milica, Iva Savić, Ana Nikolić, et al. "Toxigenic Species Aspergillus parasiticus Originating from Maize Kernels Grown in Serbia." Toxins 13, no. 12 (2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120847.

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In Serbia, aspergillus ear rot caused by the disease pathogen Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus) was first detected in 2012 under both field and storage conditions. Global climate shifts, primarily warming, favour the contamination of maize with aflatoxins in temperate climates, including Serbia. A five-year study (2012–2016) comprising of 46 A. parasiticus strains isolated from maize kernels was performed to observe the morphological, molecular, pathogenic, and toxigenic traits of this pathogen. The HPLC method was applied to evaluate mycotoxin concentrations in this causal agent. The A
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Javed, Miral, Wei Cao, Linyi Tang, and Kevin M. Keener. "A Review of Decontamination of Aspergillus spp. and Aflatoxin Control for Grains and Nuts with Atmospheric Cold Plasma." Toxins 17, no. 3 (2025): 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17030129.

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Aspergillus spp. and their produced aflatoxins are responsible for contaminating 25–30% of the global food supply, including many grains, and nuts which when consumed are detrimental to human and animal health. Despite regulatory frameworks, Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin contamination is still a global challenge, especially in cereal-based matrices and their derived by-products. The methods for reducing Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin contamination involve various approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological control strategies. Recently, a novel technology, atmospheric cold plasma
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Banwo, Kolawole, Taiwo Adesina, Olubunmi Aribisala, and Titilayo D. O. Falade. "Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Fermented Cereal Gruel (Ogi) by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts with Differences in Amino Acid Profiles." Toxins 15, no. 3 (2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030210.

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Toxigenic members of Aspergillus flavus contaminate cereal grains, resulting in contamination by aflatoxin, a food safety hazard that causes hepatocellular carcinoma. This study identified probiotic strains as aflatoxin detoxifiers and investigated the changes to the grain amino acid concentrations during fermentation with probiotics in the presence of either A. flavus La 3228 (an aflatoxigenic strain) or A. flavus La 3279 (an atoxigenic strain). Generally, higher concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) of amino acids were detected in the presence of toxigenic A. flavus La 3228 compared to the atoxigenic
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Pardo, Olga, and Francesc A. Esteve-Turrillas. "Analytical methodologies for the determination of sterigmatocystin in food and current concentration levels." Exploration of Foods and Foodomics 2, no. 6 (2024): 687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/eff.2024.00059.

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Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a possible human carcinogenic compound (2B) according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification. Structurally, STE is a precursor to aflatoxins, sharing a similar polyketide-derived biosynthetic pathway, which underscores its toxicological relevance. It has been reported to occur in a variety of foodstuffs including cereals and cereal-based products, spices, cheese, and nuts, among others. STE poses a substantial challenge to food safety and addressing this issue requires a comprehensive strategy encompassing prevention, monitoring, and regulat
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سالم صالح التميمي. "Evaluation of the microbial suitability of cereal flakes product." Journal of the College of Basic Education 22, no. 95 (2022): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i95.8026.

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هدف البحث الى التعرف على بطاقة الدلالة الغذائية لبعض منتجات رقائق الذرة Corn Flakes المستوردة المتوافرة في الأسواق المحلية لمدينة بغداد ، تم جمع ثماني علامات تجارية من الكورن فليكس لمعرفة مدى مطابقتها للمواصفات القياسية للأغذية المعبأة والمعلبة، وتقدير المحتوى الميكروبي والكشف عن السموم الفطرية الافلاتوكسين Aflatoxins فيها . أظهرت النتائج احتواء بطاقة الدلالة لجميع العلامات التجارية على المعلومات باللغة العربية والانكليزية (باستثناء علامة واحدة باللغة الانكليزية فقط). أظهرت نتائج الفحوصات الميكروبية احتواء هذه العلامات على أعداد بكتيرية كلية تراوحت بين10-2×3-7 وحدة تكوين مزرعة /غم وقد تراوحت أ
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López, P., T. de Rijk, R. C. Sprong, M. J. B. Mengelers, J. J. M. Castenmiller, and M. Alewijn. "A mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study in the Netherlands in 2013: Part II – occurrence." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 1 (2016): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.1906.

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The occurrence of 59 natural toxins was determined in 88 composite food and drink samples of a mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study performed in the Netherlands in 2013. Composite food samples were prepared by pooling foods from a food category (as consumed, e.g. peeled, cooked, etc.) according to their consumption by population groups in the Netherlands. A multi-targeted method based on QuEChERs extraction, dilute and shoot and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to the 88 composite samples. Dedicated methods with lower detection limits for patulin, aflatoxi
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Dongmo, Landry Thierry Voukeng, Hermine Mahot, Sylver Landry Lontsi Dida, et al. "Biodiversity of Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Contamination in Stored Cereals and Legumes in Cameroon." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, no. 12 (2024): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i12875.

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In cereal and legume grains, the presence of Aspergillus spp. and their aflatoxins induce huge economic losses, health problems and environmental problems during storage. Thanks to their mycotoxins, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium cause losses of up to 25% of agricultural production worldwide, and 50% in developing countries. The aim of this work is to identify Aspergillus spp. isolated from maize, soybean, rice and peanut grains in storage, while examining their aflatoxin contamination levels. To this end, 25 composite samples of each grain were systematically collected from the five ag
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Michael, O. Odo, Azi Fidelis, C. Alaka Ignatius, and N. Nwobasi Veronica. "Evaluation of aflatoxins levels and molecular identification of toxigenic molds in cereals and cereal-derived breakfast foods in Nigeria." African Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 31 (2019): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2019.16891.

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Tolosa, Josefa, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Giulia Graziani, et al. "Mycotoxin Occurrence and Risk Assessment in Gluten-Free Pasta through UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS." Toxins 13, no. 5 (2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050305.

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Celiac disease (CD) is a genetic-based autoimmune disorder which is characterized by inflammation in the small intestinal mucosa due to the intolerance to gluten. Celiac people should consume products without gluten, which are elaborated mainly with maize or other cereals. Contamination of cereals with mycotoxins, such as fumonisins (FBs) and aflatoxins (AFs) is frequently reported worldwide. Therefore, food ingestion is the main source of mycotoxin exposure. A new analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 21 mycotoxins in gluten-free pasta, commonly consumed b
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Kara, Gamze Nur, Fatih Ozbey, and Bulent Kabak. "Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in cereal flours commercialised in Turkey." Food Control 54 (August 2015): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.014.

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Azi, Fidelis, Ngozi Oledinma, Helen Njoku, Veronica Nwobasi, and Amechi Nwankwegu. "Microbial and Aflatoxins Analysis of Selected Cereal Flours Processed and Sold in Abakaliki Metropolis." Advances in Research 10, no. 5 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2017/32890.

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Pantano, Licia, Ladislao La Scala, Francesco Olibrio, et al. "QuEChERS LC–MS/MS Screening Method for Mycotoxin Detection in Cereal Products and Spices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073774.

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We developed and validated a screening method for mycotoxin analysis in cereal products and spices. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was used for the analysis. Dispersive solid-phase extractions (d-SPEs) were used for the extraction of samples. Ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), aflatoxins (AFLA; AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin (FUMO; FB1, FB2, FB3), T2, and HT2 were validated in maize. AFLA and DON were validated in black pepper. The method satisfies the requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) no.
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