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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Srivastava, D. K. Reforming indirect taxes in India: Role of environmental taxes. Madras School of Economics, 2010.

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Price, Lydia J. The indirect effects of negative information on attitude change. INSEAD, 1991.

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author, Bhujanga Rao C., and Madras School of Economics, eds. Reforming indirect taxes in India: Role of environmental taxes. Madras School of Economics, 2010.

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Troberg, Michelle. Change of object expression in the history of french: Verbs of helping and hindering. Cambridge Scholars, 2013.

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Christian, Müller. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der indirekten Verhaltenssteuerung durch Abgaben im Umweltrecht. Heymann, 1994.

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Copp, Robert D. Direct and indirect human contributions to terrestrial carbon fluxes: A workshop summary. National Academies Press, 2004.

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A, Bazzaz F., Sombroek Wim G, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Global climate change and agricultural production: Direct and indirect effects of changing hydrological, pedological, and plant physiological processes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ed. Global climate change and agricultural production: Direct and indirect effects of changing hydrological, pedological, and plant physiological processes. Daya Publishing House, 2005.

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Meissner, James K. Forest Service: Indirect expenditures charged to five funds : statement of James K. Meissner, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. The Office, 1998.

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Perednya, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Belyaev, and Oleg Filimonov. Dynamic aspects of the managerial culture of the internal affairs bodies of Russia. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1872859.

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In the monograph, the focus of research interest is primarily focused on the dynamic aspects of the managerial culture of the internal affairs bodies. The understanding of the object-subject area was carried out based on empirical data accumulated in recent years concerning changes in the managerial culture of internal affairs bodies. At all times, management has been important for social structures. The fact is that the effective functioning of the organization is based on reasons directly or indirectly related to management issues, the form of existence of which is managerial culture.

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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Federally sponsored research: Indirect costs charged by selected universities : statement of J. Dexter Peach, Assistant Comptroller General, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1992.

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Meissner, James K. Forest Service: Effect of H.R. 4149 on indirect expenditures charged to four funds : statement for the record by James K. Meissner, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. The Office, 1998.

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United States. General Accounting Office. and United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture., eds. Forest Service: Effect of H.R. 4149 on indirect expenditures charged to four funds : statement for the record by James K. Meissner, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. The Office, 1998.

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Forest Service: Indirect expenditures charged to five funds. The Office, 1998.

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Rahat, Gideon, and Ofer Kenig. Indicators of Party Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808008.003.0003.

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The chapter examines nine of the chosen twelve indicators of party change. This group of nine contains widely used indicators and some that have been proposed and examined only by a few scholars. All these indicators examine the direct and the indirect links of parties with society. The indirect, mediated links include relationships between the extra-parliamentary organization and the “party in government” (party background of ministers and members of parliament); between the party and its members; and between parties and interest groups. The direct links with voters include voter attitudes to

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Rahim, Ahmed, Ben Haggard, and Carol Sanford. Indirect Work: A Regenerative Change Theory for Businesses, Communities, Institutions and Humans. Interoctave, Inc., 2022.

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Levy, Barry S., and Jonathan A. Patz. Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0032.

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Environmental consequences of climate change include increases in temperature as well as frequency, severity, and/or duration of heat waves; heavy precipitation events; intensity and/or duration of drought; intense tropical cyclone activity, and sea level. Adverse health consequences of climate change include heat-related disorders, respiratory disorders, allergic disorders, vector-borne diseases, waterborne and foodborne disease, and injuries related to extreme weather events. Adverse health consequences also include indirect effects of climate change on health related to decreased agricultur

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Bisarya, Sumit. Transitions to Parliamentary Systems: Lessons Learned from Practice. Discussion Paper 5/2023. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2023.89.

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Despite widespread claims that parliamentary systems with an indirectly elected president produce better outcomes for democratic governance, constitutional reform to move away from a directly elected president to an indirectly elected president is extremely rare. In recent history, only three countries have undergone such a change in a civilian democratic context—Armenia, Georgia and Moldova. The transition in Moldova, which took place in 2000, was reversed by a court decision in 2016. The transitions in Armenia and Georgia are more recent and still in their early stages. This Discussion Paper

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Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. High altitude waters in the face of climate change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 focuses on the effects of warming and changes in precipitation patterns on aquatic life at high altitude. Located near the edge of their climatic limits, in regions where the rate of warming is generally amplified compared with lowlands, high altitude aquatic systems present a high sensitivity to climate change. Changes in mountain climate create a number of indirect effects on aquatic life through the control of hydrological systems and processes, particularly those associated with the cryosphere (e.g. permafrost and ice melting) and the soil–vegetation interface (e.g. treeline expa

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Jiménez, Luis F. Migrants and Political Change in Latin America. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400370.001.0001.

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In Migrants and Political Change in Latin America, Luis Jiménez looks at how migrants are changing the politics of their country of origin. It argues that migrants can do this in three distinct ways: through social remittances, economic remittances, and the presence of return migrants. In the first case, they can alter political outcomes in their country of origin as they channel ideas that are different than those present at home. In the second case, they can influence how their compatriots, who never left, behave in an indirect manner through the channeling of resources. This is because weal

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(US), National Research Council, and Rob Coppock and Stephanie Johnson. Direct and Indirect Human Contributions to Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes: A Workshop Summary. National Academies Press, 2004.

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Livermore, Roy. Chilling Out. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717867.003.0010.

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The Earth’s climate changes naturally on all timescales. At the short end of the spectrum—hours or days—it is affected by sudden events such as volcanic eruptions, which raise the atmospheric temperature directly, and also indirectly, by the addition of greenhouse gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. Over years, centuries, and millennia, climate is influenced by changes in ocean currents that, ultimately, are controlled by the geography of ocean basins. On scales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, the Earth’s orbit around the Sun is the crucial influence, producing glaci

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Corporate Author), F. A. Bazzaz (Editor), and Wim G. Sombroek (Editor), eds. Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production: Direct and Indirect Effects of Changing Hydrological, Pedological and Plant Physiological Processes. John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Import), 1996.

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Raleigh, Clionadh. The Absence of Water Conflicts in the Developing World. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.8.

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The debate concerning how water access, availability, and change will impact conflict is bolstered by growing evidence that some influence exists, however inconsistent. Clear conclusions are obscured by the variety of water issues in developing countries, the difference between direct and indirect effects on conflict, and the additional uncertainty of what future climate changes may do to water availability and rights. This chapter summarizes how the conflict literature has integrated water issues into analyses of violence. In contrast, water researchers are mainly concerned with how little an

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Walla, Alice Pinheiro. Happiness in Kant’s Practical Philosophy. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666995138.

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Happiness in Kant’s Practical Philosophy: Morality, Indirect Duties, and Welfare Rights examines the role and normative implications of Kant's understanding of happiness for his moral, political, and legal philosophy. Kant’s underlying assumptions about happiness are rarely overtly discussed or given much detail in his works. By bringing these assumptions to the fore, Alice Pinheiro Walla sheds light on some puzzling claims and on the scattered, sometimes contradictory remarks Kant makes about happiness. The book shows that happiness shapes or indirectly influences Kant’s methodology and many

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Sarnoff, Joshua D. Intellectual Property and Climate Change, with an Emphasis on Patents and Technology Transfer. Edited by Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky, and Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0018.

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This chapter addresses some of the issues raised between the patent system and the international climate change regime. Substantial theoretical and empirical uncertainties remain regarding whether the patent system is the best method of promoting investment, innovation, and dissemination of technologies. It highlights the end of the Sixteenth Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Cancún where the UNFCCC agreed to focus its technology development and transfer efforts to the patent system through two new subsidiary institutions: the Te

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Franzen, Georg, and Karl-Heinz Menzen, eds. Rezeptive Kunsttherapie. Verlag Karl Alber, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783495999318.

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Especially where a patient's ability to communicate is limited, the receptive use of art visually offers an entry point into contemplation and insight. Here, receptive work with visual art can help to dissolve limitations in verbal communication. In receptive art therapy, an independent therapeutic resource is attributed to the artistic work and its symbolic pictorial content, which can initiate a healing process. A form of indirect communication is stimulated, in which not only a change on the symbolic but also on the emotional level takes place through the emotionally highly charged pictoria

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Walker, Rae, and Wendy Mason, eds. Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486302536.

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Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services addresses concerns from the health and community services sector, including local government, about how to respond to climate change and its impacts on communities.   What should an intervention framework for the community-based health and social services sector contain and how can it complement an organisation's core values, role and work programs? What current direct and indirect impacts of climate change are most relevant to organisations and the communities they serve? Which population groups are most vulnerable to climat

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Guthrie, Graeme. A new broom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190641184.003.0011.

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Rival management teams compete in the market for corporate control for the right to manage shareholders’ assets. The benefit that shareholders receive from this competition depends on the strength of the board of directors. The board affects the outcome directly due to its role during the takeover process and indirectly due to its role beforehand when it specifies the golden parachutes that the incumbent management team receives when a change in management occurs. This chapter uses the takeover of Anheuser-Busch by the global brewer InBev, and the sweeping changes that followed, to introduce t

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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.001.0001.

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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. Thi

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McMichael, Anthony. Climate Change and the Health of Nations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190262952.001.0001.

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When we think of "climate change," we think of man-made global warming, caused by greenhouse gas emissions. But natural climate change has occurred throughout human history, and populations have had to adapt to the climate's vicissitudes. Anthony J. McMichael, a renowned epidemiologist and a pioneer in the field of how human health relates to climate change, is the ideal person to tell this story. Climate Change and the Health of Nations shows how the natural environment has vast direct and indirect repercussions for human health and welfare. McMichael takes us on a tour of human history throu

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Eland, John H. D., and Raimund Feifel. Diatomic molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0003.

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Double ionisation of most of the experimentally accessible diatomic molecules has been studied previously by several techniques, including Auger spectroscopy, double electron transfer, kinetic energy release, and high-level theory. New double photoionisation spectra of HBr, HI, N2, CO, NO, O2, Br2, ICl, and I2 are presented here with analysis to identify the electronic states of the doubly charged ions. A simple empirical model is introduced to estimate double ionisation energies on the basis of orbital energies. For CO, NO, and O2, an indirect double ionisation mechanism is found, involving d

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Climate Change for Health Professionals: A Pocket Book. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121849.

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The effects of climate change on human health are unequivocal and can already be perceived worldwide. Phenomena such as heat waves, cold waves, floods, droughts, hurricanes, storms, and other extreme weather events can impact health both directly and indirectly, as well as trigger or exacerbate certain conditions and, consequently, put pressure on health services and their infrastructure. These include vector-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases—due to changes in the behavior and distribution of vectors and pathogens—and mental health disorders induced by mounting social unrest and forced

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Danielson, Michael S. Migration and Subnational Politics in Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679972.003.0002.

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This chapter begins with a review of the literature on the relationship between migration and hometown democracy. Migration can affect the politics of sending places through both direct and indirect channels, and the nature of migrant impact has been found to both enhance and weaken democracy. Four hypothesized channels of migrant political influence are then identified. These include the “mode of engagement” (with whom do migrants form alliances?); “attitudes, behaviors, and ideologies” (how does migration experience change migrants?); representation (what kind of migrants engage?); and unint

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Groh, Tyrone L. Proxy War. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503608184.001.0001.

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This book provides a more comprehensive, definitive, and rigorous treatment of proxy war. This book argues that proxy war can and should remain a useful and effective tool of foreign policy, but that such an endeavor demands better understanding and deliberation. Proxy war serves as a means of indirect intervention when conditions eclipse policies using direct or non-intervention. Indirect intervention, however, is not synonymous with proxy war. Rather, proxy war falls on the spectrum of indirect intervention and includes other options such as simply donating assistance to politically-motivate

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Maman, Daniel. Big Business and the State in the Neoliberal Era. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793021.003.0003.

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The chapter documents patterns of both change and continuity in the structure of big business in Israel in the neoliberal era, and the role of state agencies vis-à-vis big business. Specifically, it discusses how privatization, financial liberalization, and direct and indirect state subsidies have contributed to the dominant position of large enterprises and business groups in the Israeli political economy. While neoliberal policies have served the interests of private capital and business groups, they were actively driven by state agencies seeking to regain autonomy by withdrawing unselective

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Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecol

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Fite, Paula J., and Casey A. Pederson. Developmental Trajectories of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0004.

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This chapter reviews the literature pertaining to change in relational and other forms of nonphysical aggression across the lifespan. We attempt to summarize the state of the field by examining developmental trends, stabilities of behavior, and developmental trajectories of behavior. Note that given the strong conceptual overlap in relational, indirect, and social forms of aggression, we include studies that focus on any of these three forms of aggression. As the number of studies actually examining the developmental trajectories in these behaviors remains sparse, particularly when compared to

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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Short-term Changes in the Variance: 2. Changes in the Environmental Variance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0017.

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While classical quantitative genetics usually assumes that all genotypes have the same environmental variance (the assumption of homoscedasticity), in reality, genotypes can show heteroscedasticity in the environmental variance. When such variation is heritable (i.e., has an additive variance in an outbred population), then the environmental variance can change under selection. This can either be due to an indirect response (such as during directional selection on a trait), or through direct selection to increase the homogeneity of a trait (such as for increased uniformity during harvesting).

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Danckaert, Lieven. The decline of Latin VOAux. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0013.

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This chapter is concerned with the diachrony of the Latin word order pattern ‘verb-object-auxiliary’ (VOAux). In the classical and late classical period (c.100 BC–200 AD), this order is productively available, but it is by and large absent in Late Latin. It is suggested that this change is related to the order VPAux being derived differently in Classical and in Late Latin. More specifically, it is proposed that only Late Latin VPAux-clauses are derived by means of roll-up movement, which gives rise to restrictions on possible word orders inside the verb phrase (Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts

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Isendahl, Christian, and Daryl Stump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672691.001.0001.

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This volume presents theoretical discussions, methodological outlines, and case-studies describing the discursive overlap of the theoretical and methodological framework of historical ecology, and the emerging sub-discipline of applied archaeology. Historical ecology is based on the recognition that humans are not only capable of modifying their environments, but that all environments on earth have already been directly or indirectly modified. This includes anthropogenic climate change, widespread deforestations, and species extinctions, but also very local alterations, the effects of which ma

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Ezell, Margaret J. M. Laws Regulating Publication, Preaching, and Performance, 1700–1714. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198183112.003.0025.

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After the lapse of the Licensing Act in 1695, the amount of literary periodicals and propaganda created to influence elections notably increased for both pro- and anti-government sentiment. Richard Steele, John Tutchin, Delarivier Manley, and Daniel Defore, all were charged at different times for seditious libel for their political writings. Because of a proliferation of pirated editions, the desire of authors to control their works through copyright resulted in the Act for the Encouragement of Learning in 1709, while the 1712 Stamp Act targeted newspapers and pamphlet publications in an indir

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Lebdioui, Amir. Are we measuring natural resource wealth correctly? A reconceptualization of natural resource value in the era of climate change. 18th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/952-5.

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Underlying the management of revenues from natural resource extraction is a set of assumptions about how abundant and how valuable these resources are. Nevertheless, existing approaches to measuring the value of extractive resources are seriously flawed. This paper proposes two avenues for improving them. It explains how a multidimensional approach to measuring resource wealth can be used to identify the policy challenges that a country might face as it sets out its strategy for managing extractive revenues. It also provides a rethinking of the valuation of extractive wealth by integrating env

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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. A Practical Guide for Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783411.001.0001.

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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic ma

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Omstedt, Anders. The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.654.

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Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and high-pressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water l

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Olsen, Jan Abel. Health-related behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0008.

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This chapter examines three health determinants that lie inside of individuals’ own control: diet, physical activity, and substance use. The choices exhibited over these three classes of goods (or bads) have fundamental impacts on the health of the individual. Under each of them, three types of policy interventions are discussed: prices, regulations, and ‘nudges’. Generally, price interventions such as indirect taxation and subsidies are useful when demand is responsive to price changes, that is, on price-elastic goods. Regulations are required when consumers do not respond much to price chang

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Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. Investment and Human Rights Perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.003.0009.

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This chapter provides a selective reading of the Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which amounts to an attempted regime capture where human rights lawyers occupy and colonise space within the intellectual property (IP) system, using its tools to achieve their goals. It attempts to connect international investment and human rights law in their approaches to IP protection. By using IP tools, human right lawyers can offer World Trade Organisation (WTO)/IP lawyers with acceptable arguments to integrate and take into account human rights objectives within the

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Grewal, J. S. From the Jaito Morchā to the Gurdwara Legislation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0006.

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The removal of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh from Nabha in July 1923 was seen by the SGPC as an indirect attack on its movement for Gurdwara Reform. On the issue of his restoration, protest meetings began to be held. An Akhand Pāṭh in Gurdwara Gangsar in Jaito was disrupted by the Nabha police. Jathās began to be sent from the Akal Takht to perform AkhandPāṭh in Gurdwara Gangsar. In October, the Punjab Government declared the SGPC to be an unlawful association, and all the members of its executive committee were arrested and charged with ‘treason against the King-Emperor’. The Jaito morchā continue

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Jin, Dal Yong. Cultural Politics in the New Korean Wave Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0002.

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This chapter investigates the role of the nation-state in the cultural industries and the Korean Wave in the context of the broader social structure of society amid neoliberal globalization. It articulates how the Korean government has developed the cultural industries and the ways in which the government has cultivated its cultural policies in global trade, such as export promotion, direct and indirect export subsidies and supports, and the promotion of the nation's cultural image abroad. It especially analyzes whether neoliberal ideologies, emphasizing a small government regime, have complet

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James, Philip. Human biology and the urban environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0011.

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Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill healt

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