Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Chloride channels

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Chloride channels”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 czerwca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Chloride channels"

Voronina, Y. A., A. M. Karhov, and V. S. Kuzmin. "Chloride channels and transporters – role in the electrical activity of pacemaker and working myocardium." Uspehi fiziologičeskih nauk 55, no. 4 (December 8, 2024): 75–90. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0301179824040041.

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Chlorine anions have a significant influence on the electrophysiological properties of excitable tissues, including myocardium. Chlorine anions and transmembrane chloride currents (ICl) determine the configuration of action potentials (AP) in various regions of hearts. Disruption of transmembrane chloride transport leads to alterations in normal electrical activity, resulting in cardiac pathologies and arrhythmias. Currently, chloride conductivity and expression in the heart and a functional role have been confirmed for several types of macromolecules. These channels include CFTR, ClC-2, CaCC (TMEM16), and VRAC (LRRC8x). Additionally, chloride cotransporters (KCC, NKCC) and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers make a significant contribution to the regulation of intracellular chlorid ion concentration ([Cl-]i) and, consequently, the equilibrium potential for chloride ions (ECl). The review covers the mechanisms by which chloride transmembrane transport influences the bioelectrical activity of cardiomyocytes and the potential functions of chloride and chloride currents in specialized regions of the heart.

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Lísal, Jiří, and Merritt Maduke. "Proton-coupled gating in chloride channels." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1514 (October 28, 2008): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0123.

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The physiologically indispensable chloride channel (CLC) family is split into two classes of membrane proteins: chloride channels and chloride/proton antiporters. In this article we focus on the relationship between these two groups and specifically review the role of protons in chloride-channel gating. Moreover, we discuss the evidence for proton transport through the chloride channels and explore the possible pathways that the protons could take through the chloride channels. We present results of a mutagenesis study, suggesting the feasibility of one of the pathways, which is closely related to the proton pathway proposed previously for the chloride/proton antiporters. We conclude that the two groups of CLC proteins, although in principle very different, employ similar mechanisms and pathways for ion transport.

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Kim, Hyeong Jae, Peter Chang-Whan Lee, and Jeong Hee Hong. "Chloride Channels and Transporters: Roles beyond Classical Cellular Homeostatic pH or Ion Balance in Cancers." Cancers 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040856.

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The canonical roles of chloride channels and chloride-associated transporters have been physiologically determined; these roles include the maintenance of membrane potential, pH balance, and volume regulation and subsequent cellular functions such as autophagy and cellular proliferative processes. However, chloride channels/transporters also play other roles, beyond these classical function, in cancerous tissues and under specific conditions. Here, we focused on the chloride channel-associated cancers and present recent advances in understanding the environments of various types of cancer caused by the participation of many chloride channel or transporters families and discuss the challenges and potential targets for cancer treatment. The modulation of chloride channels/transporters might promote new aspect of cancer treatment strategies.

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Jentsch, Thomas J. "Chloride channels." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 3, no. 3 (June 1993): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(93)90123-g.

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Duan, Dayue Darrel. "Phenomics of Cardiac Chloride Channels." Comprehensive Physiology 3, no. 2 (April 2013): 667–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00499.x.

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AbstractForward genetic studies have identified several chloride (Cl−) channel genes, including CFTR, ClC‐2, ClC‐3, CLCA, Bestrophin, and Ano1, in the heart. Recent reverse genetic studies using gene targeting and transgenic techniques to delineate the functional role of cardiac Cl− channels have shown that Cl− channels may contribute to cardiac arrhythmogenesis, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, and cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion. The study of physiological or pathophysiological phenotypes of cardiac Cl− channels, however, is complicated by the compensatory changes in the animals in response to the targeted genetic manipulation. Alternatively, tissue‐specific conditional or inducible knockout or knockin animal models may be more valuable in the phenotypic studies of specific Cl− channels by limiting the effect of compensation on the phenotype. The integrated function of Cl− channels may involve multiprotein complexes of the Cl− channel subproteome. Similar phenotypes can be attained from alternative protein pathways within cellular networks, which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The phenomics approach, which characterizes phenotypes as a whole phenome and systematically studies the molecular changes that give rise to particular phenotypes achieved by modifying the genotype under the scope of genome/proteome/phenome, may provide more complete understanding of the integrated function of each cardiac Cl− channel in the context of health and disease. © 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:667‐692, 2013.

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Kicińska, A., G. D bska, W. Kunz, and A. Szewczyk. "Mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels." Acta Biochimica Polonica 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2000): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2000_3977.

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Channels selective for potassium or chloride ions are present in inner mitochondrial membranes. They probably play an important role in mitochondrial events such as the formation of delta pH and regulation of mitochondrial volume changes. Mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels could also be the targets for pharmacologically active compounds such as potassium channel openers and antidiabetic sulfonylureas. This review describes the properties, pharmacology, and current observations concerning the functional role of mitochondrial potassium and chloride channels.

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Duszyk, Marek, Andrew S. French, and S. F. Paul Man. "Cystic fibrosis affects chloride and sodium channels in human airway epithelia." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-217.

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Abnormalities of epithelial function in cystic fibrosis (CF) have been linked to defects in cell membrane permeability to chloride or sodium ions. Recently, a class of chloride channels in airway epithelial cells have been reported to lack their usual sensitivity to phosphorylation via cAMP-dependent protein kinase, suggesting that CF could be due to a single genetic defect in these channels. We have examined single chloride and sodium channels in control and CF human nasal epithelia using the patch-clamp technique. The most common chloride channel was not the one previously associated with CF, but it was also abnormal in CF cells. In addition, the number of sodium channels was unusually high in CF. These findings suggest a wider disturbance of ion channel properties in CF than would be produced by a defect in a single type of channel.Key words: ion channels, cystic fibrosis, airway, epithelium.

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Uchida, Shinichi. "In vivo role of CLC chloride channels in the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 279, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): F802—F808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.5.f802.

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Chloride channels in the kidney are involved in important physiological functions such as cell volume regulation, acidification of intracellular vesicles, and transepithelial chloride transport. Among eight mammalian CLC chloride channels expressed in the kidney, three (CLC-K1, CLC-K2, and CLC-5) were identified to be related to kidney diseases in humans or mice. CLC-K1 mediates a transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop and is essential for urinary concentrating mechanisms. CLC-K2 is a basolateral chloride channel in distal nephron segments and is necessary for chloride reabsorption. CLC-5 is a chloride channel in intracellular vesicles of proximal tubules and is involved in endocytosis. This review will cover the recent advances in research on the CLC chloride channels of the kidney with a special focus on the issues most necessary to understand their physiological roles in vivo, i.e., their intrarenal and cellular localization and their phenotypes of humans and mice that have their loss-of-function mutations.

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Wilczyński, Bartosz, Alicja Dąbrowska, Jolanta Saczko, and Julita Kulbacka. "The Role of Chloride Channels in the Multidrug Resistance." Membranes 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010038.

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Nowadays, one of medicine’s main and most challenging aims is finding effective ways to treat cancer. Unfortunately, although there are numerous anti-cancerous drugs, such as cisplatin, more and more cancerous cells create drug resistance. Thus, it is equally important to find new medicines and research the drug resistance phenomenon and possibilities to avoid this mechanism. Ion channels, including chloride channels, play an important role in the drug resistance phenomenon. Our article focuses on the chloride channels, especially the volume-regulated channels (VRAC) and CLC chloride channels family. VRAC induces multidrug resistance (MDR) by causing apoptosis connected with apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) and VRAC are responsible for the transport of anti-cancerous drugs such as cisplatin. VRACs are a group of heterogenic complexes made from leucine-rich repetition with 8A (LRRC8A) and a subunit LRRC8B-E responsible for the properties. There are probably other subunits, which can create those channels, for example, TTYH1 and TTYH2. It is also known that the ClC family is involved in creating MDR in mainly two mechanisms—by changing the cell metabolism or acidification of the cell. The most researched chloride channel from this family is the CLC-3 channel. However, other channels are playing an important role in inducing MDR as well. In this paper, we review the role of chloride channels in MDR and establish the role of the channels in the MDR phenomenon.

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Zhao, Piao, Cheng Tang, Yuqin Yang, Zhen Xiao, Samantha Perez-Miller, Heng Zhang, Guoqing Luo, et al. "A new polymodal gating model of the proton-activated chloride channel." PLOS Biology 21, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): e3002309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002309.

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The proton–activated chloride (PAC) channel plays critical roles in ischemic neuron death, but its activation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the gating of PAC channels using its novel bifunctional modulator C77304. C77304 acted as a weak activator of the PAC channel, causing moderate activation by acting on its proton gating. However, at higher concentrations, C77304 acted as a weak inhibitor, suppressing channel activity. This dual function was achieved by interacting with 2 modulatory sites of the channel, each with different affinities and dependencies on the channel’s state. Moreover, we discovered a protonation–independent voltage activation of the PAC channel that appears to operate through an ion–flux gating mechanism. Through scanning–mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulation, we confirmed that E181, E257, and E261 in the human PAC channel serve as primary proton sensors, as their alanine mutations eliminated the channel’s proton gating while sparing the voltage–dependent gating. This proton–sensing mechanism was conserved among orthologous PAC channels from different species. Collectively, our data unveils the polymodal gating and proton–sensing mechanisms in the PAC channel that may inspire potential drug development.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Chloride channels"

Low, Wendy. "Chloride channels in epithelia." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68206.

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The outwardly rectifying chloride channel is found in most vertebrate cells however its physiological role is uncertain. Patch clamp, short-circuit current, and electronic cell sizing techniques were used to investigate the role of the outward rectifier in transepithelial chloride secretion and cell volume regulation, the two main functions that have been proposed for this channel in epithelia. Patch clamp studies of the human cell lines PANC-1 and T$ sb{84}$ showed that the chloride channel blockers IAA-94 and NPPB decrease the open probability of the outward rectifier, with half-maximal inhibition at 15 $ mu$M and 23 $ mu$M, respectively. At these concentrations the blockers did not affect cAMP-induced short-circuit current. They did inhibit the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) which occurs after hypotonic cell swelling, but only at much higher concentrations. Moreover, the commonly-used inhibitor DIDS, which blocks the outward rectifier in the 10-20 $ mu$M range, had no effect on the RVD when tested at 100 $ mu$M. The results indicate that the outwardly rectifying Cl channel does not mediate a significant fraction of transepithelial Cl secretion across T$ sb{84}$ cells. Although the data do not exclude a role for the outward rectifier in cell volume regulation, the selectivity and pharmacological properties of the swelling-induced anion conductance in T$ sb{84}$ cells is more similar to the ClC-2 channel than to the outward rectifier.

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Thompson, Christopher Hal. "Identification and characterization of a peptide toxin inhibitor of ClC-2 chloride channels." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26604.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: McCarty, Nael; Committee Co-Chair: Harvey, Stephen; Committee Member: Hartzell, Criss; Committee Member: Kubanek, Julia; Committee Member: Lee, Robert. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Sabanov, Victor. "Chloride Channels and Brown Fat Cells." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physiology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-474.

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Bhandal, Narotam Singh. "Arthropod chloride channels as targets for pesticides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335651.

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Pifferi, Simone. "Calcium Activated Chloride Channels In Olfactory Transduction." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4668.

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Ca2+-activated Cl ̄ channels are an important component of olfactory transduction. Odorant binding to odorant receptors in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) leads to an increase of intraciliary Ca2+ concentration by Ca2+ entry through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Ca2+ activates a Cl ̄ channel that leads to an efflux of Cl ̄ from the cilia, contributing to the amplification of the OSN depolarization. The molecular identity of this Cl ̄ channel remains elusive. Recent evidences have indicated that bestrophins are able to form Ca2+-activated Cl ̄ channels channels in heterologous systems. Immunohistochemistry revealed that mBest2 was expressed on the cilia of OSNs, the site of olfactory transduction, and co-localized with the main subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, CNGA2. We performed a functional comparison of the properties of Ca2+-activated Cl ̄ channels from native channels expressed in dendritic knob/cilia of mouse OSNs with those induced by heterologous expression of mBest2 in HEK-293 cells. Even if the two channels did not display identical characteristics, they have many similar features such as the same anion permeability, the Ca2+ sensitivity in micromolar range and the same side-specific blockage of the two Cl ̄ channel blockers commonly used to inhibit the odorant-induced Ca2+-activated Cl ̄ channels in OSNs, niflumic acid and 4-acetamido-4’-isothiocyanato-stilben-2,2’-disulfonate (SITS). However electroolfactogram recording from mBest2 null mice showed a normal sensitivity to odorant stimulation. Therefore mBest2 is a good candidate for being a molecular component of the olfactory Ca2+-activated Cl ̄ channels but its precise role in olfactory transduction remains to be clarified.

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Joo, Nam Soo. "Regulation of duodenal ion transport by uroguanylin and cloning of murine intestinal CIC-2 chloride channel." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924893.

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Sin, Sai-lung Steven, and 冼世隆. "Chloride channel in glioma cell invasion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508555.

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Sin, Sai-lung Steven. "Chloride channel in glioma cell invasion." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508555.

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Halstead, Meredith. "Putative glutamate-gated chloride channels from Onchocerca volvulus." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29439.

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Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode, is the causative agent of onchocerciasis.<br>O. volvulus is a human parasite with no animal model host and is endemic in the tropics. O. volvulus material is scarce and must be conserved as part of the Onchocerciasis Control Program. A genomic library was constructed to provide a substantial source of renewable genetic material, in place of original parasite DNA.<br>Currently there is only one glutamate-gated chloride channel that has been sequenced from O. volvulus, but this has not yet been characterized. This GluClx partial cDNA sequence isolated by Cully et al., 1997, may be found in GenBank, accession number U59745. Specific primers were designed to amplify this gene from the genomic library. A fragment of this gene was isolated but the primers were non-specific, amplifying genes in addition to GluClx.<br>A motif is a short recognition sequence within a protein that may allow the modification of the protein. The cysteine loop in the N-terminal of all the ligand-gated ion channels is interesting because it contains the neurotransmitter-gated ion channel signature sequence. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Starc, Tanja. "Structure function analysis of glutamate gated chloride channels." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79135.

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Glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl) belong to then icotinic ligand-gated ion channel family and are thus assumed to be heteropentamers. Each subunit contains a large extracellular N-terminal domain, four transmembrane domains (TM1--TM4), and an extracellular C terminal. Caenorhabditis elegans expresses various GluCl channels formed by alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4 and beta subunits. The best understood GluCl channel is expressed in pharyngeal muscle cells where it mediates response to the M3 motor neuron. alpha2 forms this channel, probably in association with beta. The alpha2 mutant lacks M3 neurotransmission which can be rescued by pharynx-specific alpha2 expression. My results show that alpha1 and alpha3 subunits cannot substitute for alpha2. Formation of chimeric constructs of alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3 pinpoints the M1--M3 transmembrane region of alpha2 as the minimal rescuing domain. This region may therefore be important for localization or, in association with another subunit, in the formation of the active channel.

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Książki na temat "Chloride channels"

Roland, Kozlowski, ed. Chloride channels. Oxford: Isis Medical Media, 1999.

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Mary, Fuller Catherine, ed. Calcium-activated chloride channels. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 2002.

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J, Alvarez-Leefmans F., Russell John M. 1942-, and International Brain Research Organization. Congress, eds. Chloride channels and carriers in nerve, muscle, and glial cells. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Giovanni, Biggio, Costa Erminio, and Capo Boi Conference on Neuroscience (5th : 1987 : Villasimius, Italy), eds. Chloride channels and their modulation by neurotransmitters and drugs. New York: Raven Press, 1988.

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W, Olsen Richard, and Venter J. Craig, eds. Benzodiazepine/GABA receptors and chloride channels: Structural and functional properties. New York: A.R. Liss, 1986.

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H, Durham John, Hardy Marcos A, and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Bicarbonate, chloride, and proton transport systems. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1989.

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Michael, Pusch, ed. Chloride movements across cellular membranes. Amsterdam: Boston, 2007.

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Alvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J., and John M. Russell, eds. Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle, and Glial Cells. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9685-8.

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Tung, Jennifer Jean. Evaluation of Chloride Intracellular Channels 4 and 1 Functions in Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2012.

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Kirk, Kevin L. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience / Eurekah.com, 2003.

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Części książek na temat "Chloride channels"

Prescott, Steven A. "Chloride Channels." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 601–5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_226.

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Prescott, Steven A. "Chloride Channels." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_226-1.

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Greger, R., and K. Kunzelmann. "Epithelial Chloride Channels." In Epithelial Secretion of Water and Electrolytes, 3–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75033-5_1.

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Hume, Joseph R., Paul C. Levesque, Pádraig Hart, Mei Lin Collier, John D. Warth, Yvonne Geary, Todd Chapman, and Burton Horowitz. "Chloride channels in heart." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 187–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3990-8_16.

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Cuppoletti, John, Danuta H. Malinowska, and Ryuji Ueno. "ClC-2 Chloride Channels." In Ion Channels and Transporters of Epithelia in Health and Disease, 491–518. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3366-2_15.

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Gallos, George, and Charles W. Emala. "Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels." In Calcium Signaling In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells, 85–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01312-1_5.

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Gerencser, G. A. "Chloride Channels in Molluscs." In Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, 133–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78261-9_8.

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Cuppoletti, John, Danuta H. Malinowska, and Ryuji Ueno. "ClC-2 Chloride Channels." In Studies of Epithelial Transporters and Ion Channels, 495–522. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55454-5_13.

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Bloomquist, Jeffrey R. "Agents Affecting Chloride Channels." In Handbook of Neurotoxicology, 65–77. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-132-9_5.

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Liedtke, Carole M. "Chloride Channels in Cystic Fibrosis." In Ion Channels and Ion Pumps, 500–525. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2596-6_23.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Chloride channels"

Dunn, Ryan C., Guy D. Davis, and Robert A. Ross. "Corrosion Monitoring of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Embedded Instrumentation." In CORROSION 2010, 1–10. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10173.

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Abstract A reinforced concrete corrosivity monitor (RCCM) is an embeddable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) corrosion-monitoring instrument. It is capable of measuring several parameters important to long term corrosion monitoring including linear polarization resistance (LPR), open circuit potential (OCP), resistivity, temperature and a potential related to chloride ion concentration ([Cl-]). Each RCCM unit is a digital peripheral connected on an embedded local area network. The instruments communicate with each other and an external data logger using the SDI-12 industry standard protocol. The RCCM has many applications in the construction and maintenance of commercial and civil structures. These structures can include high rise buildings, parking garages, bridges, dams, spillways, flood control channels, piers, pylons and erosion control structures. During construction, engineers, builders and supervisors can monitor parameters such as chloride concentration, resistivity and temperature. These parameters can identify errors at an early stage of construction. One error that may be detectable is the use of sea water or contaminated water during mixing of the concrete ([Cl-]). The moisture content and temperature of the structure can be monitored during the curing process to ensure maximum strength of the concrete. Once construction is complete, the instrument can be used to conduct long term monitoring of corrosion conditions over time.

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Uhlenkamp, B. J., and J. D. Fritz. "The Use of a Lean Duplex Stainless Steel, UNS S32101, for Thermal Dimple Jackets on Vessels for High Purity Applications." In CORROSION 2007, 1–17. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07218.

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Abstract Most vessels and thermal dimple jackets for use in high purity applications, such as the pharmaceutical, biotech, food, dairy, and beverage industries, are constructed from type 304 (S30400) and mainly 316L (S31603) stainless steel. In these industries an embossed dimple jacket attached to the outside wall of the vessel usually performs product heating and cooling. With a dimple jacket either steam, cooling water or other media is passed through the interconnecting channels created by a network of dimples. The design typically involves a thin sheet of stainless steel shaped to create a network of dimples that is welded to the much thicker vessel wall. The severity of the thermal stresses and strains during rapid heating and cooling along with the corrosive conditions makes 316L dimple jackets susceptible to premature failures. This paper discusses the possible failure modes of type 316L dimple jackets including chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC), crevice and pitting corrosion, thermal fatigue, and possible fabrication defects. The improved performance of S32101, a lean duplex stainless steel, is discussed and the results of qualification tests comparing 316L (S31603), S32101, and alloy 625 (N06625) are presented.

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Kurth, Jonah C., and John S. Lawler. "Inland Wharves – Challenges of Service Life Modeling." In CORROSION 2017, 1–15. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09576.

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Abstract The Houston Ship Channel is a modern engineering feat — major efforts in deepening and widening the channel over the last 100 years have enabled construction of a string of cargo wharves from Galveston Bay into the city limits of Houston. Service life assessment and modeling for these concrete and steel wharf structures present unique challenges compared to more typical coastal maritime structures. The channel contains brackish water with chloride contents ranging from 2000 mg/l upriver to around 10,000 mg/l in Galveston Bay. This paper focuses on the lower portion of that range, where measured surface chloride concentrations overlap the range of typical chlorideinduced corrosion thresholds. In these lower ranges chlorideinduced corrosion is a risk to concrete structures primarily where wetting and drying cycles concentrate the chloride. In addition, subsidence of 5 feet or more over the last 100 years in the Houston region has resulted in a net increase of water level and a change in exposure conditions as these structures age. These issues are explored in this paper reviewing methodologies and results of service life modeling from a recent multistructure assessment conducted by the authors.

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Paolinelli, Luciano, Yoon-Seok Choi, Adam Cutright, Sten Axelsen, Perry Ian Nice, and Lucrezia Scoppio. "Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Alloyed Steels in Aqueous CO2/H2S Environments Containing Chlorides." In CONFERENCE 2025, 1–14. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00319.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the long-term corrosion behavior of 3Cr and 13Cr steels in a single-phase flow environment containing aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and dissolved chlorides (Cl-). Long-duration tests, each lasting 40 or 100 days, were conducted using a flow loop equipped with a Thin Channel Flow Cell. The experimental setup aimed to replicate field conditions with varying H2S concentrations over time and included surface conditioning in NaCl brine before exposure to the corrosive solution. The results indicated that 3Cr and 13Cr steels exhibited different uniform and localized corrosion behaviors. The 3Cr steel exhibited average corrosion rates ranging from 0.03 to 0.12 mm/y, depending on specific test conditions and H2S concentrations. A beneficial effect of preconditioning was noted, potentially related to the formation of corrosion product layers with higher amounts of chromium rich oxides. However, localized corrosion was found in 3Cr steel when exposed to an increased H2S concentration of 100 mbar, even if its surface was preconditioned and the H2S concentration was increased gradually throughout the test duration. The 13Cr steel demonstrated a more stable corrosion rate, maintaining an average rate of approximately 0.01 mm/y, even with increased H2S content. However, minor localized corrosion was still detected at low H2S concentrations.

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Shanmugam, Jeevanandam, and Roderick Callon. "Design, Online Installation & Commissioning of CP Systems for an Existing Seawater Concrete Structure." In CORROSION 2015, 1–13. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05907.

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Abstract The cooling water for the LNG processing facility returns to the sea through pipes to a seawater outfall weir box reinforced concrete structure where it passes over a weir to a channel and back to the sea. The water enters the outfall/discharge structure at high velocity and the resulting turbulence over the weir creates a large amount of seawater splash and spray over the internal as well as external portion of the side walls. The very humid environment created by the seawater spray is very corrosive. Chloride levels at the depth of reinforcement had exceeded threshold levels and reinforcement corrosion had started to cause cracks and delamination of the concrete cover. Reinforcement corrosion study was conducted on the external surface of the walls in accordance with NACE SP 0308. Following the condition assessment it was decided to install an impressed current cathodic protection system to extend the life of the structure. This paper describes the condition assessment and the tests required as per NACE SP0308 especially on the chloride content, cathodic protection design and installation of cathodic protection system during regular operations and particularly how the harsh conditions of the discharge structure were overcome to install, test and commission an effective corrosion control system.

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Pacheco, Jose. "Correlating Service Life Modeling and Corrosion Deterioration in Industrial Marine Structures." In CORROSION 2021, 1–15. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16382.

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ABSTRACT This paper presents the use of service life modeling to describe corrosion deterioration affecting an industrial marine structure in an aggressive environment. Measures taken to prevent and mitigate reinforcement corrosion were taken for the construction of basin and channel elements exposed to a stream of high-chloride concentration water. Furthermore, an impressed current cathodic prevention system was reportedly installed to prevent corrosion deterioration. Nevertheless, severe corrosion deterioration was observed in some structural elements after ten years in service. This study presents the use of service life modeling tools to estimate the initiation of reinforcement corrosion deterioration and predicted the long-term performance of elements 30 years after construction for various scenarios. Based on the modeling results, estimates of the time to corrosion initiation and corrosion propagation are elucidated and correlated with the premature corrosion deterioration.

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Bieri, Timothy, Kurt Lawson, and Cory A. Wilder. "Cathodic Protection System Design for the Colville River." In CORROSION 2000, 1–10. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00735.

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Abstract The Colville River cathodic protection (CP) system is unique in many ways. The cased pipelines are isolated from the mainline CP system and are directionally drilled 85 feet (26 m) below the river surface. Both thawed soils under the active channel and frozen soils under the floodplain and river banks characterize the crossing. These conditions make for differential thermal and soil resistivity states over time. The CP system is designed to protect the casings from external corrosion, and must function in a very dynamic and aggressive environment. High temperature and high chloride content characterize the operating environment for the pipelines. The design of this system utilized laboratory testing of soils, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling effort, and a unique anode and reference electrode design. The anode is constructed out of an 8 inch (220 mm) seamless steel pipe that has a series of internal redundant positive connections as well as five (5) reference electrodes used for monitoring.

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Busch, N. A., S. R. Reiken, Mehmet Toner, and M. L. Yarmush. "Intracellular Calcium Dynamics During Photolysis." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 25–31. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1308.

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Abstract The objective of this investigation was to gain a deeper understanding of the intracellular events which precede photolysis of cells. A model system, consisting of malignant melanoma cells pre-treated with the calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fluo-3, was used to examine the intracellular calcium dynamics in single-cell photolysis experiments. Exposure of the cells to 632nm laser light in the presence of photosensitizer, tin chlorin e6, resulted in a rise in intracellular calcium. The increase in intracellular calcium was blocked using a variety of calcium channel blocking agents, including verapamil, nifedipine and nickel. Treatment with the channel blockers was also effective in either decreasing or eliminating cell death despite the presence of lethal doses of photosensitizer and irradiation. These results show that intracellular calcium rises prior to plasma membrane lysis, and that this early rise in intracellular calcium is necessary for membrane rupture.

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Cloete, Eugene. "Electrochemically Activated Water as a Non Polluting Anti-Fouling Technology." In CORROSION 2002, 1–7. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02463.

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Abstract Research has indicated the problem of microbial resistance to nonoxidising biocides. Very little information is further more available on the biodegradability of these compounds in natural water systems. This makes these compounds hazardous from an environmental point of view. Chlorine is the most widely used oxidizing biocide, with its own limitations. An environmentally sensible alternative to chlorine and other commonly used biocides is needed. Electrochemically activated water (ECA) solutions, may provide such an alternative. Water of varying mineralisation is passed through an electrochemical cell, the specific design of which, permits the harnessing of two distinct and electrically opposite streams of activated water. Aside from its distinctive attributes, the negatively charged antioxidant solution (Catholyte) can also be channeled back into the anode chamber, thereby modulating the quality of the positively charged oxidant solution (Anolyte) that is produced. Without maintenance of the activated state, these diverse products degrade to the relaxed state of benign water and the anomalous attributes of the activated solutions such as altered conductivity and surface tension similarly revert to pre-activation status. However, the heightened electrical activity and altered physico-chemical attributes of the solutions differ significantly from the benign state, but yet remain non-toxic to mammalian tissue and the environment. The anti-microbial activity of the current ECA technology has been confirmed in this study. Electrochemically activated water (ECA) is less toxic, less volatile, easier to handle, compatible with other water treatment chemicals, effective against biofilms and generates no by-products compared to currently used biocides.

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Roslan, Nurliana Binti, Salasiah Endud, Zainab Ramli, and Mohd Bakri Bakar. "Physicochemical Characterizations of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Functionalized on Mesoporous SBA-15." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023, 45–53. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-bgbnm0.

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In this study, we report the functionalization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ImIL) onto mesoporous silica SBA-15 nanomaterial with a larger surface area of 737.96 m2/g and an interpore distance of 10.68 nm. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-methylimidazolium chloride was functionalized with concentration of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mmol onto SBA-15 via a sol-gel method to obtain xImIL-SBA-15 nanocomposites. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), N2 adsorption/desorption analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the ImIL-SBA-15 nanocomposites. SAXS patterns of ImIL-SBA-15 nanocomposites possessed (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (2 0 0) diffractions respectively, which indicated that the well-ordered hexagonal mesostructure of SBA-15 support remained intact after functionalization of ImIL. The total surface area, total pore volume and BJH pore size distribution of all ImIL-SBA-15 nanocomposites decreasing with the increasing amount of ImIL from 393.27 to 354.39 m2/g which indicated that the pore channel and/or surface of SBA-15 were occupied by ImIL without significant reduction of the quality. It was found that the grafted amount of ImIL on SBA-15 nanocomposites increased from 0.60 to 0.97 mmol/g when amount of ImIL content in the mixture was increased from 1.0 to 10.0 mmol. FESEM micrographs showed a similar pattern as SBA-15 indicating that the mesoporous hexagonal structure of SBA-15 was still retained. Thus, it can be concluded that xImIL-SBA-15 nanocomposites was successfully synthesized by functionalization of ImIL onto mesoporous silica SBA-15.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Chloride channels"

Akanji, Bukunmi Abongwa. Functional expression of a glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLC-3) from adult Brugia malayi. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-771.

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Lavoie, D., V. Tremblay, and C. Rivard. Sandstone composition and diagenesis of the Paskapoo Formation and their significance for shallow groundwater aquifer in the Fox Creek area, west-central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331923.

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The shallow aquifer in the Fox Creek area is hosted by the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation. The formation consists of fluvial deposits with channel-filled high-energy sandstone cutting through fine-grained, low energy overbank sediments. Three internal members are recognized, these members define three hydrostratigraphic units (two aquifers versus one aquitard). In fall 2022, three boreholes were drilled and cored. The succession is slightly dominated by sandstone with subordinate fine-grained sediments and thin coal intervals. The calcareous to non-calcareous sandstone is either tight and well compacted or porous, friable to unconsolidated. The litharenite is composed of quartz, various types of rock fragments, chert, and feldspars. Detrital carbonates can be abundant. The post-sedimentation history of the sandstone recorded cementation and dissolution events from near surface, through shallow burial and late tectonic exhumation. The events include early clay coatings on grains, dissolution of metastable minerals, cementation from calcite, kaolinite and minor chlorite and late near surface fault-controlled freshwater circulation and dissolution. The late event resulted in friable to unconsolidated sandstone intervals.

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