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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Cilia and ciliary motion”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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1

Dong, Xiaoguang, Guo Zhan Lum, Wenqi Hu, Rongjing Zhang, Ziyu Ren, Patrick R. Onck, and Metin Sitti. "Bioinspired cilia arrays with programmable nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (November 2020): eabc9323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc9323.

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Coordinated nonreciprocal dynamics in biological cilia is essential to many living systems, where the emergentmetachronal waves of cilia have been hypothesized to enhance net fluid flows at low Reynolds numbers (Re). Experimental investigation of this hypothesis is critical but remains challenging. Here, we report soft miniature devices with both ciliary nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination and use them to investigate the quantitative relationship between metachronal coordination and the induced fluid flow. We found that only antiplectic metachronal waves with specific wave vector

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Sears, Patrick R., Kristin Thompson, Michael R. Knowles, and C. William Davis. "Human airway ciliary dynamics." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 304, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): L170—L183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00105.2012.

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Airway cilia depend on precise changes in shape to transport the mucus gel overlying mucosal surfaces. The ciliary motion can be recorded in several planes using video microscopy. However, cilia are densely packed, and automated computerized systems are not available to convert these ciliary shape changes into forms that are useful for testing theoretical models of ciliary function. We developed a system for converting planar ciliary motions recorded by video microscopy into an empirical quantitative model, which is easy to use in validating mathematical models, or in examining ciliary functio

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Valentine, Megan, and Judith Van Houten. "Using Paramecium as a Model for Ciliopathies." Genes 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101493.

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Paramecium has served as a model organism for the studies of many aspects of genetics and cell biology: non-Mendelian inheritance, genome duplication, genome rearrangements, and exocytosis, to name a few. However, the large number and patterning of cilia that cover its surface have inspired extraordinary ultrastructural work. Its swimming patterns inspired exquisite electrophysiological studies that led to a description of the bioelectric control of ciliary motion. A genetic dissection of swimming behavior moved the field toward the genes and gene products underlying ciliary function. With the

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Vanaki, Shayan M., David Holmes, Pahala Gedara Jayathilake, and Richard Brown. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Periciliary Liquid Layer: Ciliary Abnormalities in Respiratory Diseases." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194033.

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Human pulmonary epithelial cells are protected by two layers of fluid—the outer watery periciliary liquid layer (PCL) and the uppermost non-Newtonian mucus layer (ML). Aerosols and inhaled toxic particles are trapped by the ML which must then be removed swiftly to avoid adverse health implications. Epithelial cells are covered with cilia that beat rapidly within the PCL. Such ciliary motion drives the mucus transport. Although cilia can penetrate slightly inside the mucus to assist mucus movement, the motion of the underlying PCL layer within the airway surface liquid (ASL) is significant in m

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5

Sher Akbar, Noreen, and Z. H. Khan. "Heat transfer analysis of bi-viscous ciliary motion fluid." International Journal of Biomathematics 08, no. 02 (February 25, 2015): 1550026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524515500266.

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The impulsion system of cilia motion is deliberated by biviscosity fluid model. The problem of two-dimensional motion of biviscosity fluid privileged in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls is considered. The features of ciliary structures are resolute by the supremacy of viscous effects above inertial possessions by the long-wavelength and low Reynolds approximation. Closed-form solutions for the longitudinal pressure gradient, temperature and velocities are obtained. The pressure gradient and volume flow rate for different values of the biviscosity are also premeditated. The flow possessi

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6

Yu, Yanan, Kyosuke Shinohara, Huanming Xu, Zhenfeng Li, Tomoki Nishida, Hiroshi Hamada, Yuanqing Xu, et al. "The Motion of An Inv Nodal Cilium: a Realistic Model Revealing Dynein-Driven Ciliary Motion with Microtubule Mislocalization." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 51, no. 6 (2018): 2843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496038.

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Background/Aims: Nodal cilia that rotate in the ventral node play an important role in establishing left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis; however, inv mutant cilia present abnormal movement and induce laterality defects. The mechanism of their motility, which is regulated by dynein activation and microtubule arrangement, has not been fully understood. This study analyzed the dynein-triggered ciliary motion in the abnormal ultrastructure of the inv mutant, aiming to quantitatively evaluate the influence of microtubule mislocalization on the movement of the cilium. Methods: We established a

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7

Flaherty, Justin, Zhe Feng, Zhangli Peng, Y. N. Young, and Andrew Resnick. "Primary cilia have a length-dependent persistence length." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 19, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-019-01220-7.

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Abstract The fluctuating position of an optically trapped cilium tip under untreated and Taxol-treated conditions was used to characterize mechanical properties of the cilium axoneme and its basal body by combining experimental, analytical, and computational tools. We provide, for the first time, evidence that the persistence length of a ciliary axoneme is length-dependent; longer cilia are stiffer than shorter cilia. We demonstrate that this apparent length dependence can be understood by a combination of modeling axonemal microtubules as anisotropic elastic shells and including actomyosin-dr

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8

Sareh, Sina, Jonathan Rossiter, Andrew Conn, Knut Drescher, and Raymond E. Goldstein. "Swimming like algae: biomimetic soft artificial cilia." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 78 (January 6, 2013): 20120666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0666.

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Cilia are used effectively in a wide variety of biological systems from fluid transport to thrust generation. Here, we present the design and implementation of artificial cilia, based on a biomimetic planar actuator using soft-smart materials. This actuator is modelled on the cilia movement of the alga Volvox , and represents the cilium as a piecewise constant-curvature robotic actuator that enables the subsequent direct translation of natural articulation into a multi-segment ionic polymer metal composite actuator. It is demonstrated how the combination of optimal segmentation pattern and bio

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9

Peabody, Jacelyn E., Ren-Jay Shei, Brent M. Bermingham, Scott E. Phillips, Brett Turner, Steven M. Rowe, and George M. Solomon. "Seeing cilia: imaging modalities for ciliary motion and clinical connections." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): L909—L921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00556.2017.

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The respiratory tract is lined with multiciliated epithelial cells that function to move mucus and trapped particles via the mucociliary transport apparatus. Genetic and acquired ciliopathies result in diminished mucociliary clearance, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent innovations in imaging technology have advanced our understanding of ciliary motion in health and disease states. Application of imaging modalities including transmission electron microscopy, high-speed video microscopy, and micron-optical coherence tomography could improve diagnostics and be applied for precision med

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10

Ito, Hiroaki, Toshihiro Omori, and Takuji Ishikawa. "Swimming mediated by ciliary beating: comparison with a squirmer model." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 874 (July 12, 2019): 774–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.490.

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The squirmer model of Lighthill and Blake has been widely used to analyse swimming ciliates. However, real ciliates are covered by hair-like organelles, called cilia; the differences between the squirmer model and real ciliates remain unclear. Here, we developed a ciliate model incorporating the distinct ciliary apparatus, and analysed motion using a boundary element–slender-body coupling method. This methodology allows us to accurately calculate hydrodynamic interactions between cilia and the cell body under free-swimming conditions. Results showed that an antiplectic metachronal wave was opt

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11

Kupferberg, Stephen B., John P. Bent, and Edward S. Porubsky. "The Evaluation of Ciliary Function: Electron versus Light Microscopy." American Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 3 (May 1998): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065898781390172.

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Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia can often be difficult. Physical findings suggest the disease, but definitive diagnosis should be made with a ciliary biopsy. Twenty biopsies were obtained from 16 patients and all underwent both light and electron microscopic examination. In 8/20 (40%) there was a discrepancy between the different imaging techniques. Therefore, light microscopy should be used to assess adequacy of biopsy and motion of the cilia along with electron microscopy to examine ultrastructure.

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12

Hoque, Mohammed, Eunice N. Kim, Danny Chen, Feng-Qian Li, and Ken-Ichi Takemaru. "Essential Roles of Efferent Duct Multicilia in Male Fertility." Cells 11, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030341.

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Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles on the cell surface. Cilia have been implicated in various biological processes ranging from mechanosensation to fluid movement. Ciliary dysfunction leads to a plethora of human diseases, known as ciliopathies. Although non-motile primary cilia are ubiquitous, motile multicilia are found in restricted locations of the body, such as the respiratory tract, the oviduct, the efferent duct, and the brain ventricles. Multicilia beat in a whip-like motion to generate fluid flow over the apical surface of an epithelium. The concerted ciliary motion prov

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13

Han, Jihun, and Charles S. Peskin. "Spontaneous oscillation and fluid–structure interaction of cilia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 17 (April 9, 2018): 4417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712042115.

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The exact mechanism to orchestrate the action of hundreds of dynein motor proteins to generate wave-like ciliary beating remains puzzling and has fascinated many scientists. We present a 3D model of a cilium and the simulation of its beating in a fluid environment. The model cilium obeys a simple geometric constraint that arises naturally from the microscopic structure of a real cilium. This constraint allows us to determine the whole 3D structure at any instant in terms of the configuration of a single space curve. The tensions of active links, which model the dynein motor proteins, follow a

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14

Ohmura, Takuya, Yukinori Nishigami, Atsushi Taniguchi, Shigenori Nonaka, Junichi Manabe, Takuji Ishikawa, and Masatoshi Ichikawa. "Simple mechanosense and response of cilia motion reveal the intrinsic habits of ciliates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 13 (March 12, 2018): 3231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718294115.

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An important habit of ciliates, namely, their behavioral preference for walls, is revealed through experiments and hydrodynamic simulations. A simple mechanical response of individual ciliary beating (i.e., the beating is stalled by the cilium contacting a wall) can solely determine the sliding motion of the ciliate along the wall and result in a wall-preferring behavior. Considering ciliate ethology, this mechanosensing system is likely an advantage in the single cell’s ability to locate nutrition. In other words, ciliates can skillfully use both the sliding motion to feed on a surface and th

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15

Khaderi, S. N., J. M. J. den Toonder, and P. R. Onck. "Microfluidic propulsion by the metachronal beating of magnetic artificial cilia: a numerical analysis." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 688 (October 20, 2011): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.355.

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AbstractIn this work we study the effect of metachronal waves on the flow created by magnetically driven plate-like artificial cilia in microchannels using numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using a coupled magneto-mechanical solid–fluid computational model that captures the physical interactions between the fluid flow, ciliary deformation and applied magnetic field. When a rotating magnetic field is applied to super-paramagnetic artificial cilia, they mimic the asymmetric motion of natural cilia, consisting of an effective and recovery stroke. When a phase difference is pres

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16

Shakib Arslan, Muhammad, Zaheer Abbas, and Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq. "Biological flow of thermally intense cilia generated motion of non-Newtonian fluid in a curved channel." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (March 2023): 168781322311571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132231157179.

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The energy loss during the beating cilia phenomenon in the human stomach causing acidity in the blood flow under certain conditions has been a serious topic in the modern medical field. Therefore, the current study intends to exhibit a theoretical analysis of mixed convective transport of non-Newtonian Casson fluid observed by ciliary motion walls in the curved channel. The flow of constitutive equations is used to modify in curvilinear coordinates into a wave frame for two-dimensional flow due to the complication of the flow regime. The attributes of biological ciliary approximation are revea

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17

Paff, Tamara, Heymut Omran, Kim G. Nielsen, and Eric G. Haarman. "Current and Future Treatments in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 9834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189834.

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic ciliopathy in which mucociliary clearance is disturbed by the abnormal motion of cilia or there is a severe reduction in the generation of multiple motile cilia. Lung damage ensues due to recurrent airway infections, sometimes even resulting in respiratory failure. So far, no causative treatment is available and treatment efforts are primarily aimed at improving mucociliary clearance and early treatment of bacterial airway infections. Treatment guidelines are largely based on cystic fibrosis (CF) guidelines, as few studies have been performed

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18

Yang, T. Tony, Minh Nguyet Thi Tran, Weng Man Chong, Chia-En Huang, and Jung-Chi Liao. "Single-particle tracking localization microscopy reveals nonaxonemal dynamics of intraflagellar transport proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 7 (March 21, 2019): 828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0654.

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Primary cilia play a vital role in cellular sensing and signaling. An essential component of ciliogenesis is intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is involved in IFT protein recruitment, axonemal engagement of IFT protein complexes, and so on. The mechanistic understanding of these processes at the ciliary base was largely missing, because it is challenging to observe the motion of IFT proteins in this crowded region using conventional microscopy. Here, we report short-trajectory tracking of IFT proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia by optimizing single-particle tracking photoactivat

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19

Patel-King, Ramila S., Miho Sakato-Antoku, Maya Yankova, and Stephen M. King. "WDR92 is required for axonemal dynein heavy chain stability in cytoplasm." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 15 (July 15, 2019): 1834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0139.

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WDR92 associates with a prefoldin-like cochaperone complex and known dynein assembly factors. WDR92 has been very highly conserved and has a phylogenetic signature consistent with it playing a role in motile ciliary assembly or activity. Knockdown of WDR92 expression in planaria resulted in ciliary loss, reduced beat frequency and dyskinetic motion of the remaining ventral cilia. We have now identified a Chlamydomonas wdr92 mutant that encodes a protein missing the last four WD repeats. The wdr92-1 mutant builds only ∼0.7-μm cilia lacking both inner and outer dynein arms, but with intact doubl

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20

Gueron, Shay, and Konstantin Levit-Gurevich. "Computation of the Internal Forces in Cilia: Application to Ciliary Motion, the Effects of Viscosity, and Cilia Interactions." Biophysical Journal 74, no. 4 (April 1998): 1658–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77879-8.

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Farooq, A. A., and A. M. Siddiqui. "Mathematical model for the ciliary-induced transport of seminal liquids through the ductuli efferentes." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 03 (February 20, 2017): 1750031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500310.

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This study describes the consequences of the ciliary motion on the transport of seminal liquid through the ductus efferentes of the male reproductive tract. By assuming the seminal liquid as a couple stress fluid, we have formulated a mathematical model for a two-dimensional flow through an axially symmetric tube whose inner surface is ciliated in the form of a metachronal wave. The governing system consists of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations which is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by utilizing the long wavelength approximation in an environment of the

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Kiyota, Kouki, Hironori Ueno, Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta, Tomofumi Haga, Yohsuke Imai, Takami Yamaguchi, and Takuji Ishikawa. "Fluctuation of cilia-generated flow on the surface of the tracheal lumen." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 306, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): L144—L151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00117.2013.

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Although we inhale air that contains many harmful substances, including, for example, dust and viruses, these small particles are trapped on the surface of the tracheal lumen and transported towards the larynx by cilia-generated flow. The transport phenomena are affected not only by the time- and space-average flow field but also by the fluctuation of the flow. Because flow fluctuation has received little attention, we investigated it experimentally in mice. To understand the origin of flow fluctuation, we first measured the distribution of ciliated cells in the trachea and individual ciliary

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Salman, Huseyin Enes, Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi, and Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin. "Computational Modeling of Motile Cilia-Driven Cerebrospinal Flow in the Brain Ventricles of Zebrafish Embryo." Bioengineering 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090421.

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Motile cilia are hair-like microscopic structures which generate directional flow to provide fluid transport in various biological processes. Ciliary beating is one of the sources of cerebrospinal flow (CSF) in brain ventricles. In this study, we investigated how the tilt angle, quantity, and phase relationship of cilia affect CSF flow patterns in the brain ventricles of zebrafish embryos. For this purpose, two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to determine the flow fields generated by the motile cilia. The cilia are modeled as thin membranes with prescri

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Akbar, Noreen Sher, and Adil Wahid Butt. "Heat transfer analysis of viscoelastic fluid flow due to metachronal wave of cilia." International Journal of Biomathematics 07, no. 06 (November 2014): 1450066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524514500661.

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This study describes ciliary motion on the transport of fluids in human body with heat transfer. The mathematical model of the flow of a Jeffrey fluid in a tube of finite length is considered due to metachronal wave of cilia motion. Flow equations have been modeled and simplified using similarity variables. Exact solutions of the formulated problem have been obtained for velocity, temperature and pressure gradient and graphs for velocity, pressure rise, pressure gradient and temperature profile have been plotted and studied for different values of specific physical parameters. Trapping phenome

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Sher Akbar, Noreen. "Biomathematical analysis of carbon nanotubes due to ciliary motion." International Journal of Biomathematics 08, no. 02 (February 25, 2015): 1550023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524515500230.

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In this paper, the consequences of cilia motion are reflected by the CNTs nanoparticles. The problem is expressed in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls. Exact solutions of the governing flow problem are obtained for pressure gradient, temperature and velocities of the fluid. Streamlines for the velocity profile are plotted to discuss the trapping phenomenon.

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Cui, Zhiwei, Ye Wang, and Jaap M. J. den Toonder. "Metachronal Motion of Biological and Artificial Cilia." Biomimetics 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040198.

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Cilia are slender, hair-like cell protrusions that are present ubiquitously in the natural world. They perform essential functions, such as generating fluid flow, propulsion, and feeding, in organisms ranging from protozoa to the human body. The coordinated beating of cilia, which results in wavelike motions known as metachrony, has fascinated researchers for decades for its role in functions such as flow generation and mucus transport. Inspired by nature, researchers have explored diverse materials for the fabrication of artificial cilia and developed several methods to mimic the metachronal

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Pang, Chuan, Fengwei An, Shiming Yang, Ning Yu, Daishi Chen, and Lei Chen. "In vivo and in vitro observation of nasal ciliary motion in a guinea pig model." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 12 (May 20, 2020): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220926443.

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In vitro airway specimens are widely used to evaluate airway ciliary function. However, the function of in vitro ciliated cells may be far different from their actual in vivo physiological conditions. Due to the lack of a valid technique, direct images of in vivo airway ciliary motion have never been captured and analyzed before. This study aims to examine nasal ciliary motion in living guinea pigs with comparison to in vitro observation. Nasal septum mucosa was exposed in anaesthetized guinea pigs and directly examined using a digital microscopy system. The study included three parts: (1) mea

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Ramachandran, Saravana, Kuppalapalle Vajravelu, K. V. Prasad, and S. Sreenadh. "Peristaltic-Ciliary Flow of A Casson Fluid through An Inclined Tube." Communication in Biomathematical Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2021.4.1.3.

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The paper is concerned with the peristaltic-ciliary transport of a viscoplastic fluid (Casson fluid) through an inclined cylindrical tube. The peristalsis-cilia induced motion is analysed in the moving frame of reference under the lubrication approximations. Solutions to the flow characteristics petering to yielded and unyielded regions are obtained. The effects of various physical parameters on the axial velocity, the pumping characteristics, the pressure rise, and the frictional force over one wavelength, along with the trapping phenomenon are presented through graphs. Further, the peristalt

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Morgan, Darrell D., and Anthony G. Moss. "The Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Porcine Airway Epithelium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 1076–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600025502.

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Cephalad pulmonary mucociliary clearance driven by cilia of the ciliated airway epithelium provides probably the most important line of defense against inhaled toxins and particulate material for organs of the thoracic cavity. We demonstrate the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticulum of airway epithelial cells upon cigarette smoke inhalation by employing DIC, LSCM, TEM and widefield fluorescence microscopy and have correlated this reorganization to changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) via FFT analysis. Neonatal pigs were used to provided healthy tracheal epithelial

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Wyatt, Todd A., Mary A. Forgèt, Jennifer M. Adams, and Joseph H. Sisson. "Both cAMP and cGMP are required for maximal ciliary beat stimulation in a cell-free model of bovine ciliary axonemes." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 288, no. 3 (March 2005): L546—L551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00107.2004.

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Previously, we have shown that the ATPase-dependent motion of cilia in bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) can be regulated through the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP via the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Both cyclic nucleotides cause an increase in cilia beat frequency (CBF). We hypothesized that cAMP and cGMP may act directly at the level of the ciliary axoneme in BBEC. To examine this, we employed a novel cell-free system utilizing detergent-extracted axonemes. Axoneme movement was whole-field analyzed digitally with the Sisson-Ammo

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Ferguson, Jonathan L., Thomas V. McCaffrey, Eugene B. Kern, and William J. Martin. "The Effects of Sinus Bacteria on Human Ciliated Nasal Epithelium in Vitro." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 98, no. 4 (April 1988): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988809800405.

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The mechanisms by which bacteria colonize and damage ciliated epithelium are important in understanding the pathophysiology of rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis. Bacteria that have the ability to impair mucociliary clearance would be at an advantage in establishing infection of ciliated surfaces. This study investigates the effect of Hemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Brahmanella catarralis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis on the ciliary activity of normal ciliated nasal epithelium in human beings. Ciliary activity of the nasal epithelium in the presence of each pathogen was assesse

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WU, Junlin, Jiaqi Yin, Zixiang Xu, Yingli Liu, Huanyong Qin, and Xin Sheng. "The function of ciliopathy protein FOP on cilia and cortical microtubule cytoskeleton in Euplotes amieti." Acta Protozoologica 62 (2023): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.23.005.18868.

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FOP is a centriole satellite protein involved in ciliogenesis. Although centriole satellites are involved in centrosome and ciliumrelated protein trafficking, their functions related to ciliary assembly and maintenance of ciliary microtubule stability remain unclear. In this study, the function of the FOP gene in Euplotes amieti was investigated by interfering with its expression using RNAi. As a result, expression levels of the ciliary assembly-related proteins BBS8 and IFT88 were down-regulated. Swimming speeds also decreased and the Euplotes were only able to spin in circles, which suggeste

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Stokes, M. "Larval locomotion of the lancelet." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 11 (January 1, 1997): 1661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.11.1661.

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The ontogeny of locomotion in the Florida lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae) is described for the early developmental stages through to metamorphosis. Recently hatched larvae swam at speeds up to 1 mm s-1 using their epidermal cilia; this speed decreased to approximately 0.2 mm s-1 by 60 h after fertilization. Changes in cilia-powered fluid flow could be related to changes in the distribution and density of the epidermal cilia during development. Cilia-powered hovering was the dominant behaviour until metamorphosis. The amount of energy expended by ciliating larvae ranged from 10(-9) to 10(-11)

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UENO, Hironori, Takuji ISHIKAWA, Khanh Huy BUI, Kohsuke GONDA, Takashi ISHIKAWA, and Takami YAMAGUCHI. "7G13 Analysis of ciliary motion and the axonemal structure in the mouse respiratory cilia." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2012.24 (2012): _7G13–1_—_7G13–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2012.24._7g13-1_.

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Roth, K. E., C. L. Rieder, and S. S. Bowser. "Flexible-substratum technique for viewing cells from the side: some in vivo properties of primary (9+0) cilia in cultured kidney epithelia." Journal of Cell Science 89, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.89.4.457.

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Cells cultured on thin plastic (e.g. Formvar, Teflon, polycarbonate) membranes can be clearly imaged from the side in vivo by video microscopy. We have used this flexible-substratum technique to examine the behaviour and properties of primary cilia in confluent cultures of the kidney epithelial cell lines PtK1, PtK2, LLC-PK1, MDCK and BSC-40. In these cells primary cilia appear as rigid rods, up to 55 micron long, which project at various angles from the dorsal cell surface. The length distribution of primary cilia in confluent cultures is a distinct characteristic of each established kidney c

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Smith, D. J., E. A. Gaffney, and J. R. Blake. "Mathematical modelling of cilia-driven transport of biological fluids." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 465, no. 2108 (June 2, 2009): 2417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0018.

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Cilia-driven flow occurs in the airway surface liquid, in the female and male reproductive tracts and enables symmetry-breaking in the embryonic node. Viscoelastic rheology is found in healthy states in some systems, whereas in others may characterise disease, motivating the development of mathematical models that take this effect into account. We derive the fundamental solution for linear viscoelastic flow, which is subsequently used as a basis for slender-body theory. Our numerical algorithm allows efficient computation of three-dimensional time-dependent flow, bending moments, power and par

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Siddiqui, A. M., A. A. Farooq, and M. A. Rana. "An investigation of non-Newtonian fluid flow due to metachronal beating of cilia in a tube." International Journal of Biomathematics 08, no. 02 (February 25, 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524515500163.

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The aim of this study is to explain theoretically the role of ciliary motion on the transport of epididymal fluid through the ductus efferentes of the male reproductive track. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed for the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in an axisymmetric tube due to metachronal wave of cilia motion for the more realistic consequences. Carreau viscous fluid model is considered to see the rheological effects on the pumping characteristics of the flow. Regular perturbation method has been employed to obtain the analytical expressions for the stream function, th

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Umlauf, Benjamin. "DDEL-13. CILIA INHIBITORS SYNERGIZE WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE TO DRAMATICALLY IMPROVE SURVIVAL IN ORTHOTOPIC MURINE MODELS OF GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (November 1, 2023): v104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0392.

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Abstract Patients with malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma face a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than two years. Recent glymphatic studies demonstrate the interconnectivity between the fluid in the brain parenchymal and ventricular spaces. We reasoned enhancing the accumulation of a drug in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of the ventricular space will also enhance the accumulation of the drug in the parenchyma where a GBM resides. To improve drug accumulation in the CSF, we modulated the motility of ependymal cell cilia. Ependymal cells coat the ventricles and display mo

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Satir, P. "Mechanism of Ciliary Movement - What's New?" Physiology 4, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1989.4.4.153.

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The basic structure of cilia and flagella is highly conserved in eukaryotes from protozoa to humans, but the motions they perform may be strikingly different. Combined electron microscopic and biochemical studies have led to a unifying hypothesis about how movement is generated that may explain the different behaviors.

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Blanchon, Sylvain, Marie Legendre, Mathieu Bottier, Aline Tamalet, Guy Montantin, Nathalie Collot, Catherine Faucon, et al. "Deep phenotyping, including quantitative ciliary beating parameters, and extensive genotyping in primary ciliary dyskinesia." Journal of Medical Genetics 57, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106424.

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BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder resulting in abnormal ciliary motility/structure, extremely heterogeneous at genetic and ultrastructural levels. We aimed, in light of extensive genotyping, to identify specific and quantitative ciliary beating anomalies, according to the ultrastructural phenotype.MethodsWe prospectively included 75 patients with PCD exhibiting the main five ultrastructural phenotypes (n=15/group), screened all corresponding PCD genes and measured quantitative beating parameters by high-speed video-microscopy (HSV).ResultsSixty-eight (91%) p

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Sisson, J. H., D. J. Tuma, and S. I. Rennard. "Acetaldehyde-mediated cilia dysfunction in bovine bronchial epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): L29—L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1991.260.2.l29.

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Acetaldehyde, which is present in significant concentrations in cigarette smoke and is elevated during alcohol ingestion, has been demonstrated to impair mucociliary clearance of the lung. Acetaldehyde is also known to impair protein function through the formation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts. We hypothesized that acetaldehyde impairs bronchial epithelial cilia motion by inhibiting cilia dynein adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity through the formation of acetaldehyde adducts with cilia proteins. Acetaldehyde induced concentration- and time-dependent slowing of cilia beating and cilia-

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Masuda, Tsukuru, Aya Mizutani Akimoto, Kenichi Nagase, Teruo Okano, and Ryo Yoshida. "Artificial cilia as autonomous nanoactuators: Design of a gradient self-oscillating polymer brush with controlled unidirectional motion." Science Advances 2, no. 8 (August 2016): e1600902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600902.

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A gradient self-oscillating polymer brush surface with ordered, autonomous, and unidirectional ciliary motion has been designed. The self-oscillating polymer is a random copolymer composed of N-isopropylacrylamide and ruthenium tris(2,2′-bipyridine) [Ru(bpy)3], which acts as a catalyst for an oscillating chemical reaction, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The target polymer brush surface was designed to have a thickness gradient by using sacrificial-anode atom transfer radical polymerization. The gradient structure of the polymer brush was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomi

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Riaz, Arshad, Elena Bobescu, Katta Ramesh, and Rahmat Ellahi. "Entropy Analysis for Cilia-Generated Motion of Cu-Blood Flow of Nanofluid in an Annulus." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122358.

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In this study, a novel model of entropy generation effects measured in the Cu-blood flow of a nanofluid under the effect of ciliary-oriented motion is proposed. The effects of viscous dissipation are also taken into account. The physical model was composed with the incorporation of a low Reynolds number and long-wavelength phenomena. The exact solutions for the axial velocity, temperature and pressure gradient distribution were achieved successfully. Key findings are presented through a strategy of plotting the significant factors affecting the physical quantities of the stream. It was found t

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KANEKO, Toshiyasu, Kazuki WATANABE, Kenji NAGAOKA, and Kazuya YOSHIDA. "Motion Analysis of Ciliary Micro-Hopping Locomotion for an Asteroid Exploration Robot with Design Parameters of Cilia." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (2016): 2A2–17a1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.2a2-17a1.

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Hanasoge, Srinivas, Peter J. Hesketh, and Alexander Alexeev. "Metachronal motion of artificial magnetic cilia." Soft Matter 14, no. 19 (2018): 3689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00549d.

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Ide, Takahiro, Wang Kyaw Twan, Hao Lu, Yayoi Ikawa, Lin-Xenia Lim, Nicole Henninger, Hiromi Nishimura, et al. "CFAP53 regulates mammalian cilia-type motility patterns through differential localization and recruitment of axonemal dynein components." PLOS Genetics 16, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): e1009232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009232.

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Motile cilia can beat with distinct patterns, but how motility variations are regulated remain obscure. Here, we have studied the role of the coiled-coil protein CFAP53 in the motility of different cilia-types in the mouse. While node (9+0) cilia of Cfap53 mutants were immotile, tracheal and ependymal (9+2) cilia retained motility, albeit with an altered beat pattern. In node cilia, CFAP53 mainly localized at the base (centriolar satellites), whereas it was also present along the entire axoneme in tracheal cilia. CFAP53 associated tightly with microtubules and interacted with axonemal dyneins

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MAXEY, MARTIN R. "Biomimetics and cilia propulsion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 678 (June 17, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.145.

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Many swimming microorganisms are able to propel themselves by the organized beating motion of numerous short flagella or cilia attached to their body surface. For their small size and the inherently viscous nature of the motion, this mechanism is very effective and they can swim several body lengths per second. The quest has been to see if artificial cilia may be developed and if the strategy of cilia propulsion can be used in microfluidic devices to transport fluids in a localized and controllable manner. Babataheri et al. (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 678, 2011, pp. 5–13) explore the res

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Man, Yi, Feng Ling, and Eva Kanso. "Cilia oscillations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1792 (December 30, 2019): 20190157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0157.

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Cilia, or eukaryotic flagella, are microscopic active filaments expressed on the surface of many eukaryotic cells, from single-celled protozoa to mammalian epithelial surfaces. Cilia are characterized by a highly conserved and intricate internal structure in which molecular motors exert forces on microtubule doublets causing cilia oscillations. The spatial and temporal regulations of this molecular machinery are not well understood. Several theories suggest that geometric feedback control from cilium deformations to molecular activity is needed. Here, we implement a recent sliding control mode

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Hanasoge, Srinivas, Matthew Ballard, Peter J. Hesketh, and Alexander Alexeev. "Asymmetric motion of magnetically actuated artificial cilia." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 18 (2017): 3138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc00556c.

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Nakamura, S., and S. L. Tamm. "Calcium control of ciliary reversal in ionophore-treated and ATP-reactivated comb plates of ctenophores." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.5.1447.

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Previous work showed that ctenophore larvae swim backwards in high-KCl seawater, due to a 180 degrees reversal in the direction of effective stroke of their ciliary comb plates (Tamm, S. L., and S. Tamm, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 89: 495-509). Ion substitution and blocking experiments indicated that this response is Ca2+ dependent, but comb plate cells are innervated and presumably under nervous control. To determine whether Ca2+ is directly involved in activating the ciliary reversal mechanism and/or is required for synaptic triggering of the response, we (a) determined the effects of ionophore A2

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