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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Citizen participation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Knott, Cindy. "Citizen participation in child welfare, toward real citizen power." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ45073.pdf.

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Albarran, Ilyana. "Decentralization and Citizen Participation in Mexico." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2223.

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During the past few decades, decentralization efforts in México have coincided with efforts to democratize the administrative decision-making process. Adopted in 1988, the Programa Nacional de Solidaridad (National Solidarity Program; PRONASOL) required citizen participation in decisions involving the use of federal resources for regional development and poverty alleviation projects. In 1998, Section 33 of the Ley de Coordinación Fiscal (Fiscal Coordination Law; LCF) placed Social Infrastructure Funds (SIF) directly under the supervision of municipalities and retained the requirement that citi

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3

Aboucaya, William. "Collaborative systems for large scale citizen participation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS461.pdf.

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Les plates-formes participatives en ligne sont devenues un moyen courant d'impliquer les citoyens dans la prise de décision publique, permettant une participation à plus grande échelle que leurs homologues hors ligne, à la fois en termes de nombre de participants et de répartition géographique. Cependant, le terme "plateforme participative" recouvre un large éventail de systèmes extrêmement différents, ce qui implique des différences dans les problèmes rencontrés par les administrateurs et les contributeurs des plateformes. Plus précisément, ces plateformes font face à des problèmes spécifique

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4

Sanchez, Julio Cesar. "Citizen participation and public recreation planning : case study and definition of criteria for citizen participation, Santa Cruz, Bolivia." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935909.

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The city of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, has grown the last 40 years according to an urban plan. However, this urban planning process does not permit the citizen participation in public recreation planning.The Popular Participation Law approved in April, 1994, open new possibilities for citizen participation in public recreation planning in Santa Cruz. However, there are limitation in the implementation of the law.In order to correct those limitation the present study proposes basic criteria for popular participation in management of public recreational facilities. These criteria refer to delimitation

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Enns, Cheryl Carlene. "Continuing citizen participation and local area planning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26461.

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Continued citizen participation in the Vancouver Local Area Planning Program (L.A.P.P) is not a new issue. As early as 1973, Vancouver planners documented a commitment to not only produce a plan for a local area, but to initiate an ongoing process that would respond to area issues and facilitate continuous citizen input (Community planning Division, 1973, 10). However, no firm policy establishes continued, effective citizen participation in the Vancouver planning process. Presently, planning staff work with a Citizen Planning Committee (C.P.C.) to create a plan for a local area, but upon compl

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6

Niemelä, A. (Arttu). "Mobile augmented reality client for citizen participation." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201802101224.

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The objective of this master’s thesis was to develop a mobile augmented reality (MAR) client application that enables citizen participationin design of services, products and city plans, for example. The application was developed to be a part of an existing citizen participation platform. The interest was on finding out what functions such an application should provide and what kind of user interface (UI) it should have. The application was developed iteratively, by building prototypes in parallel with researching best practices from existing literature. Especially finding suitable tracking so

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McClintock, Olive. "Towards citizen participation in housing policy decisions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.

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Wolfe, Douglas M. "Participatory liberalism : participation and contemporary liberal thought." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365520.

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Although it is widely accepted that the subject of accent is of general importance to theories of rhythm, there is considerable diversity and frequent contradiction among modern concepts of accent; there is little agreement about either a definition or a list of types. Furthermore, whilst there is Bruch of great value in modern accentology, none of the most important individual studies is wholly adequate. The broad explanatory context by which accent may be defined is metric theory, for accent is both a determinant and a function of metric structure. Ketric structure DUst necessarily be concei

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9

Tsai, Wing-lam, and 蔡榮林. "Citizen participation and urban redevelopment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574936.

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Ladjemi, Nasser. "Citizen Participation in the Restoration of Old Havana." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95750.

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The city district Old Havana that is on the World Heritage List because of its Spanish colonial architecture is undergoing a restoration project of great size. The project is run by the Office of the City Historian, which in Cuban proportions, is independent the state. Instead the Office is self-financed by the profits out of the 1,5 million annual tourists that visit the already, with its 63000 inhabitants, overcrowded Old Havana. Alongside the restoration of the deteriorated buildings, the goal is to make it without resettling the current residents. Instead the aim is to involve the citizen

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Tsai, Wing-lam. "Citizen participation and urban redevelopment in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574936.

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Baytok, Hazal. "Participation in Citizen Science : Motivational and Contextual Factors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI001.

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La science citoyenne est la participation de personnes qui ne sont pas des scientifiques à des processus de recherche tels que la collecte et l'analyse de données. La science citoyenne offre de nombreux avantages, tels qu'une collecte de données plus rapide et plus facile, l'étude des défis environnementaux, de la biodiversité au changement climatique, ainsi que la contribution à la recherche en astronomie et la collaboration entre les scientifiques et le public.La réalisation des avantages potentiels de la science citoyenne dépend de la compréhension des perspectives des participants. Dans ce

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13

Potgieter, Elnari. "Predictors of political participation in new democracies : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85612.

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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Comparative studies investigating predictors of political participation in new democracies are rare. This study addresses an identified gap in the literature on predictors of political participation in new democracies in order to build on the rich body of literature concerned with political participation and democratic consolidation which already exists, but also to contribute towards understanding the role of citizens and their decisions pertaining to political participation in new democracies. In order to address the ide

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14

Rebori, Marlene K. "The effectiveness of citizen participation in local governance : a case study of citizen advisory boards (CABs) /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3198199.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.<br>"May 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-134). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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15

Figueredo, Jorge Cesar. "Public Participation In Transportation: An Emperical Test For Authentic Participation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4265.

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This dissertation examines the public participation activities of State Departments of Transportation (SDOTs) in the United States. A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggests that an "authentic" public participation results when dimensions of representativeness, use of public inputs, interactiveness, and quality of citizen inputs have been achieved. The study sought to identify conditions that serve as measurements that must presumably be satisfied for authenticity to exist in public participation. The result was a Model of Authentic Public Participation that served as the b

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Magdziarz, Susan F. "Examining participation in a Dolphin Observation Citizen Science program." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523113.

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<p> This research project examined how people utilized the Dolphin Observation Citizen Science Kit at the Crystal Cove Beach Cottages. This study explored whether this citizen science program successfully engaged people in a recreational setting that is not normally associated with science learning opportunities. </p><p> Most research on citizen science programs has focused on projects that attract people who already have an interest in science. This study took place in a location that attracts people who may have weak science identities, which made it possible to learn more about how this a

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17

Sleight, Richard. "Citizen participation within UK pension fund responsible investment decisions." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23381.

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Pensions funds represent the collective savings of millions of people and the decisions and actions they take can be greatly beneficial or detrimental to the global economy, society, and the lives of people around the world. The aim of this project is to investigate the possibilities of citizen participation in relation to responsible investment in UK occupational pension funds, and what the barriers and opportunities are for citizens, in this context pension holders, to participate in financial decisions made on their behalf. The research questions focus on the arguments for and against such

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Schneer, Benjamin H. "How Electoral Institutions Shape Citizen Participation and Legislative Behavior." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493580.

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The electoral system is often treated as fixed, but throughout U.S. history significant changes in electoral institutions, or in political conditions dictated by electoral institutions, make it possible to identify more precisely the role that the electoral system plays in the democratic process. This dissertation examines three related questions, each focusing on an aspect of the influence of electoral rules on political behavior. How has the ability to directly elect representatives influenced other forms of citizen engagement with government? How has competitiveness influenced voter turnout

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Wilson, Catherine Heden Alvarez R. Michael. "Political information, institutions and citizen participation in American politics /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292003-160904.

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Bonney, Patrick. "Citizen science: Knowledge, networks and the boundaries of participation." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/175268.

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The water-related challenges facing humanity are complex and urgent. Although solutions are not always clear, involving the public in localised knowledge production and policy development is widely recognised as a critical part of this larger effort. Such public engagement is increasingly achieved through “citizen science”—a practice that involves non-professionals in scientific research and monitoring. Academic literature has recognised that, while citizen science is both important and necessary to strengthen environmental policy, its acceptance and successful implementation is a difficult go

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21

Mtelera, Prince. "“Exploring barriers to citizen participation in development: a case study of a participatory broadcasting project in rural Malawi”." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016360.

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In Malawi, as in many newly-democratic countries in the developing world, donor organisations and NGOs have embarked on projects aimed at making reforms in governance which have generated a profusion of new spaces for citizen engagement. This thesis critically examines one such project in Malawi against the backdrop of a democratic nation emerging from a background of dictatorial regime. For thirty years, until 1994, Malawi was under the one-party regime of Kamuzu Banda which was characterised by dictatorial tendencies, in which participatory processes were non-existent and development was def

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22

Juslin, Emil. "Consulting with the Citizens : An Introductory Study on Citizen Participation in the European Commission ́s Online Consultations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374005.

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For a long time the citizen participation in the European Commission Online Consultations have been low and quite insignificant. This came to an abrupt change during 2018, with the consultation on Summertime arrangements bringing out over four million citizens to participate and it is now clear that the citizen impact on consultations are not something to overlook. So, who participates in the online consultations? It is assumed that biases generated through the voluntarily participation of the Online Consultations (OC) will provide discrepancies between the participants in OC:s compared to the

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Bangwanubusa, Theogene. "Participation of rural communities in development policy and practice : the South African experience and its relevance for Rwanda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52986.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLIAH ABSTRACT: Several indispensable variables for effective community development include, among others: development skills, networking and partnership, and community participation in the development project life cycle. The study aimed to derive relevant lessons about these factors for Rwanda from the South African community development experience. A literature study was first undertaken on key concepts such as participation, rural community, development, and policy and practice. Literature on principles and policies guidelines for comm

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Muriu, Abraham Rugo. "Decentralization, citizen participation and local public service delivery : a study on the nature and influence of citizen participation on decentralized service delivery in Kenya." Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6508/.

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Governments at central and sub-national levels are increasingly pursuing participatory mechanisms in a bid to improve governance and service delivery. This has been largely in the context of decentralization reforms in which central governments transfer (share) political, administrative, fiscal and economic powers and functions to sub-national units. Despite the great international support and advocacy for participatory governance where citizen’s voice plays a key role in decision making of decentralized service delivery, there is a notable dearth of empirical evidence as to the effect of such

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Durose, E. Joan. "Public involvement in public sector organisations : why do we find it so difficult?" Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288497.

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Flores, Lopez Jesus Arturo. "The politics of participatory democratic initiatives in Mexico : a comparative study of three localities." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10818/.

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Innes, Robert George. "An evaluation framework for citizen participation in urban transportation planning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28339.

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Although the planning and implementation of recent transportation projects have attempted to involve the public at critical stages, the persistence of conflicts between an efficient metropolitan transportation system and the needs of residents of the quiet enjoyment of their communities suggests the need to study and evaluate the effectiveness of participatory planning. This thesis explores the role of citizen participation in urban transportation planning and proposes an evaluation framework which is tested through its application to two recent transportation projects. This framewor

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Angelopoulou, Zoi. "ICTs and Citizen Participation : An Ethnography in the Municipality Level." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59778.

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This master thesis describes an ethnographic research under the critical paradigm of thoughtin the use of ICTs to support citizen participation in the Municipality level. The purpose ofthe research was to acquire an understanding of the perspective of citizens on the topic andprovide suggestions for the employment of ICTs in citizen participation on the specificcontext. The research setting is located in a neighborhood of a Municipality in Athens, thecapital of Greece. Participants included randomly selected citizens, representatives fromcitizens groups which are active in the neighborhood and

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Nleya, Ndodana. "Citizen participation and water services delivery in Khayelitsha, Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3394_1365671127.

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<p>This study analyses the relationship between the manner of citizens&rsquo<br>engagement with the state and the level of service delivery they experience in their everyday lives, as residents of Khayelitsha. The phenomena of so-called &lsquo<br>service delivery&rsquo<br>protests across South Africa have now become a fixture of South African politics. Khayelitsha is one of the sites with frequent protests in Cape Town and is inhabited by poor people, 70 percent of whom live in informal settlements. While the lack of municipal services is undoubtedly a major problem for many poor people in Sou

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Williams, Cynthia Marie. "Citizen participation : a critical analysis of roles in organizational hierarchy." Kansas State University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36030.

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Robino, Carolina. "Citizen participation, decentralization and inclusive development : a survey on citizen participation and decentralization in South Africa with specific reference to the Eastern Cape c.2005." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/875.

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Contemporary debates about development confer a prominent role to citizen participation and decentralization. Growing scepticism about the efficacy of narrowly conceived measures add pressure to reform development both theoretically and in practical terms. There is a greater understanding that ‘traditional’ development approaches and policies need to be reformulated and decentralization and citizen participation have been proposed as remedies to previous development failures. It is frequently argued that citizen participation will improve the efficiency and efficacy of public services. Citizen

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Lam, Man-ying Josephine, and 林敏瑩. "A study of citizen participation in urban renewal in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893909.

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Chan, Cheuk-yu Vivian, and 陳焯瑜. "An organizational analysis of the Mong Kok District Board, its implication to citizen participation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974685.

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Smith, Leslie H. "Public attitudes as to the likelihood of occurrence of environmental problems in or near sanitary landfills." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/508008.

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Efforts by designers to produce solutions to environmental problems has become increasingly sophisticated. Inter-disciplinary teams of designers, engineers and scientists have proposed new and dynamic resolutions to environmental disturbances. There is a problem, however, in the ability of such proposals to be accepted and implemented.This study investigated the possibility that communication of these plans has been responsible for the lack of acceptance. Citizens and governmental officials must adequately comprehend the proposed solutions before they can gain confidence and judge them worthy

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Luehrmann, Laura. "Officials face the masses : citizen contacting in Modern China /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2000. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9962428.

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Yeung, Wing-shan Theresa, and 楊詠珊. "Citizen participation in the urban planning process: a comparative study of U.S.A., U.K. and H.K." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259339.

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Imon, Sharif Shams. "Sustainable urban conservation: the role of public participation in the conservation of urban heritage in oldDhaka." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36224091.

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McWilliam, Robert. "Public participation and rural planning : Texada Island, a case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25466.

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This thesis examines various approaches to public participation within rural planning. It deals with the roles rural residents, in unincorporated areas of British Columbia, can play in local planning. The thesis argues that effective planning in such areas only occurs if a rural planning approach, which considers distinctive rural characteristics, is applied to the planning process. Such planning generally requires the active involvement of rural people. To accomplish this objective a model is constructed of how rural residents participate in planning. Its theoretical framework is developed f

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Ingram, Booker T. "Citizen participation : an analysis of parent participation in district advisory councils in three Ohio school districts /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148769470278218.

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Bagui, Laban. "Public participation in government: the place of e-participation in the City of Cape Town-Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1375.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Technologiae: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013<br>South Africa can be seen as one of the most advanced democracies on the African continent. Its 1996 constitution and state institutions were developed to enable a representative, deliberative and participative democracy. The legislature is predominant and public participation is expected like the element that legitimates the institutions of the state, their decisions and their initiatives

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Moyo, Phoebe Michelle Zibusiso Sandi. "An assessment of community participation in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) development projects in Zimbabwe: the case of Bulilima and Mangwe Districts, Matabeleland South." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007232.

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Since the mid 1970s there has been an increasing effort to adopt community participation as a necessary instrument for people driven development. NGOs and governments have come to use this participatory approach not only to empower local people, but also to give them a platform to plan and implement their own development projects. However in Zimbabwe, the government has failed to fund most projects and it has created a gap for NGOs to provide most, if not all services in rural communities. NGOs have been seen as better institutions to facilitate development projects and to engage local people

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Andrews, Christopher Lee. "The Mandela Bay Development Agency's role in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project, Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020095.

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Community participation in urban renewal projects has become important in the South African government’s efforts to address past imbalances and improving the livelihoods of socially excluded and marginalised communities. In order for the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project to be successful and bring about sustainable change, it is vital that the community be allowed and encouraged to play an active role in consultation and participation initiatives. This study outlines the importance of community participation, the types, the incentives and disincentives as well as the possible barriers to effecti

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Dube, Nobayethi. "Evaluating community participation in development projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2139.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>Community participation is a concept that is frequently mentioned in community development. Practitioners in development believe that in order for projects to succeed, communities need to actively take part in designing, implementing and shaping the projects that affect them. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate community participation by measuring quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation. It is important to note that there are no universal indicators of participation. The thesis presents

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Farrington, C. J. T. "Islands of deliberation? : citizen participation in the Municipality of Quito, Ecuador." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598948.

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Latin American municipal governments have recently increased in significance due to widely-adopted decentralisation policies. Institutional shifts have created ‘new political spaces’, or spaces for citizen participation distinct from both electoral democracy and non-governmental activism. One such space is the ‘System of Participatory Action’ (SPA), established in 2001 by the Municipality of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. In theory at least, the SPA guarantees municipal accountability and offers citizens the opportunity to influence local policy through equitable participation in decision

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Curtis, Vickie. "Online citizen science projects : an exploration of motivation, contribution and participation." Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://oro.open.ac.uk/42239/.

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The number of online citizen science projects has increased significantly over the past decade, yet some aspects of participation are poorly understood as is the motivation behind the involvement of the scientists who set up these projects, and the citizen scientists who take part. This thesis explores three different online citizen science projects (Foldit, Folding@home and Planet Hunters) using a case study approach and data collected through online surveys, interviews and participant observation. It explores the motivations that initiate and sustain participation, and it examines the variou

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Hentschel, Valerie. "Empowering Civic Engagement in Energy Concepts : Design Implications for Citizen Participation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Medieteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41587.

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The threat of global warming calls for a major transformation of the energy system in the coming century. A positive and effective outcome of the development and implementation of municipal energy concepts relies heavily on public participation. Based on user research through qualitative interviews and an online questionnaire in Germany, this paper presents design implications regarding digital participatory technology for municipal energy concepts. The findings include reduction of barriers to enable participation, encouragement of discussion and debate, monitoring the progress and providing

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Lam, Man-ying Josephine. "A study of citizen participation in urban renewal in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1990678X.

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Clarke, Roland Tuwea. "Decentralization Policy and Citizen Participation in Government: The Case of Liberia." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6542.

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Political decentralization has been advanced in the 21st century as a prescription for enabling citizens' participation in politics and increasing good governance. However, empirical investigations have offered limited knowledge about decentralization efforts in Liberia. This study explored if decentralization could serve as a catalyst for citizens' participation and good governance in Liberia. The polarity of participation and representation - one of the pairs in the polarities of democracy model developed by Benet - was used to establish the theoretical foundation for this study. The study e

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Shyu, Chian-Woei, and 徐千偉. "Internet and Citizen Participation." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38199808673353235255.

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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>公共行政學系<br>88<br>Since the 1980''''s, many scholars, statesmen, and researchers have come to realize that the development and popularity of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Computer-mediated Communication (CMC), Internet, and the World Wide Web (WWW) will become the effective mechanism for citizen participation. The main purpose of this research paper is to study how government provides citizen participation through Internet. First, the paper will take the theory of Internet citizen participation to construct an ideal mechanism of Internet citize

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Lin, mingcheng, and 林閔政. "Citizen Participation in Taiwan Education." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35554703139409766877.

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