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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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Ljesevic, Milutin, Milutin Mrksa i Misko Milanovic. "Environmental aspects of rural development planning". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, nr 1 (2011): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1101033l.
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Environment of rural areas is specific. Rural area is different from the city because of the different densities of housing, different economic activities and different social psychological characteristics of the population. In contrast to the urban rural areas are mostly developed elementary, while the city doing different types of urban plans and development. Opinion is that the rural environment and healthier preserved from the city. However, as rising demand for food, so it is coming to an increase of different agro chemicals, additives and hormones. In recent times the current problems of genetically modified agricultural products. Therefore, is control and environmental management has become liabilities.
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Mottaeva, Angela, Natalya Kalinina, Anna Kuzmina, Olga Olenina i Aznaur Glashev. "Ecological aspects of modern city-planning". E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 08072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199108072.
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Directions for creation of a steady eco-city (or an eco-district) and the criteria of stability and environmental friendliness of the cities are presented. The authors also recognize that the sustainable eco-friendly development of the city demands association of the matters of the so called “green” agenda and the “brown” agenda. On the other hand, there are places where the sharp social inequality and the interfaced social problems are presented. The authors prove that, although the economic activity of cities leads to serious environmental problems, cities have the greatest potential for developing ways of sustainable environmental development.
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Arif, A. A. "Green city Banda Aceh: city planning approach and environmental aspects". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 56 (luty 2017): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/56/1/012004.
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Zhang, Peng. "Research of City Environmental Pollution and City Planning for the Future". Advanced Materials Research 908 (marzec 2014): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.375.
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City environment problem increasingly troubles the people living in the city. What the human doings are against the city environment and damage their homes. This paper analyzes the causes of city environmental pollution and several aspects of pollution, and probes into the problems of city pollution and environmental planning for the future. The goal is to find an effective solution to resolve these problems. Finally, the solution of the problem from three aspects in city planning is proposed for improving the living environment and purifying homes.
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Tomić, Miloš, i Dušan Kesić. "Strategic planning in the development of 'smart' cities: Environmental and security aspects". Bezbednost, Beograd 66, nr 2 (2024): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2402147t.
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The application of the 'smart city' concept represents one of the practical (innovative) solutions for overcoming the problem of sudden urbanization and the associated negative environmental and security consequences. By analyzing the global trend of mass application of modern information and communication systems and their role in the process of integrated management of urban areas, certain advantages of achieving the goals of sustainable development can be seen. Accordingly, the paper presents a dynamic research model of the application of the 'smart city' concept through six key dimensions (smart environment, smart economy, smart people, smart life, smart management and smart mobility) that have a high degree of concordance with the goals of sustainable development presented by of the United Nations Development Programme. The projected goal of this research is a systematic description of the global phenomenon of 'smart city' with a special focus on the ecological and security aspects of the application of certain innovative solutions to urban problems. On the basis of the research results obtained by applying the content analysis technique of a series of relevant scientific works, it can be concluded that the analysis and evaluation of the implementation of the 'smart city' concept requires a comprehensive social approach and the adoption of adequate normative measures, bearing in mind the specific inconsistencies between technological progress and increased vulnerability of urban population.
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Zhang, Xin Sheng, Chang Yong Jing i Shao Hua Ling. "The Measures and Benefit Analysis of Qinhuangdao City Create a National Environmental Protection Model City". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (luty 2013): 2159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2159.
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Qinhuangdao City, introduced a National Environmental Protection Model City of the planning area and planning objectives, and focuses on the goal to complete the record mode the main measures taken, including "the implementation of 'Tourism Li City' development strategies to accelerate industrial restructuring and development patterns; optimizing energy structure, depth and energy saving; strengthen pollution reduction, improving environmental quality, "and other aspects. Finally, the analysis of Qinhuangdao City, after completion of the National Environmental Protection Model City, will be in the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the comprehensive benefit.
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Sari Mandeli, Riso, Rahman Arief, Muhammad Raja Firmansyah, Nurhasansyah Nurhasansyah, Heldi Heldi i Indra Chatri. "IMPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ECOCITY IN CITY PLANNING IN INDONESIA". EXTRA TERITORIAL 1, nr 02 (1.06.2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54482/teritorial.v1i02.113.
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Concern for the environment that has worldwide affects various aspects of life, including in terms of urban planning. The application of the concept of an ecological city in sustainable urban planning pays close attention to the local aspects of the community and also the dynamic functions of the city based on current adaptations and developments. With the application of an ecological city, there is a balance between urban development and development and environmental tranquility. A city that applies an ecological concept will be able to create a city with a safe, clean, and comfortable situation for its people by maximizing all the potential of the community through empowerment, facilities, and in sync with urban planning. To be able to implement it, good cooperation between communities is needed to build a city with a balanced environmental, economic, and socio-cultural life for a better future life.
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Rikza, Rikza, i Agung Budi Sardjono. "Sustainable Aspects in the Peunayong Heritage Area". International Journal of Social Health 2, nr 7 (22.07.2023): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i7.68.
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Peunayong is a trading area in Chinatown village. It has also been designated as a cultural heritage area in Banda Aceh City. The sustainable aspects of the Peunayong area need to be considered so that the area's historical value can still be enjoyed in the future. This study aims to discuss how the Banda Aceh City government has acted to preserve environmental functions and the sustainability of City development for a long time in terms of sustainability aspects. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and field observations. The City Government has designated the Peunayong area as one of its strategic areas, and it needs preservation according to the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029. strategic area of the City, where spatial planning is prioritized because it impacts economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. Article 69 RTRW Banda Aceh No. 4 of 2009-2029 mentions the City's strategic efforts with the development of a waterfront city.
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Feby Milanie. "Regional Development Of Medan City". International Journal of Management, Economic and Accounting 1, nr 2 (4.12.2023): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61306/ijmea.v1i2.23.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of biogeophysical aspects, economic aspects, location aspects, socio-cultural aspects, institutional aspects, and environmental aspects on water supply and clean water demand in Medan City.The data used in the study are secondary and primary data obtained from relevant agencies and communities in Medan City. Secondary data were obtained from 1990 - 2012, and primary data were obtained from 30 respondents. The analysis model used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) Lisrel PLS (Partial Least Square), the decision-making model or Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, and the strategic planning model or Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) model. The results showed that: biogeophysical aspects have a positive and significant effect on water supply and clean water demand
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Geng, Hong, Xin Tian, Yao Jiang i Xuan Ya Wang. "The Study on Prevent and Improve Ship Pollute Marine Environmental Emergency Response Capacity Building Planning". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.786.
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This article introduces the foreign ship pollution emergency response capacity building, and studies and discusses national, provincial, and city emergency response capacity building planning based on multiple aspects, like object of the planning, principle of the planning, content of the planning, method of planning, etc.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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James, Peggy. "Theoretical approaches to urban environmental planning". Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22296.
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Thesis (MSc)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of the Environment, 1998.Bibliography: leaves 102-116.
Introduction -- "Being" in environmental and planning theory -- "Knowing" in environmental and planning theory -- "Acting" in planning and environmental theory -- Philosophy in environmental and planning theory -- Conclusion.
This thesis documents and examines seven histories of environmental and planning thought over the last century, drawing on Yiftachel's (1989) classification of planning theories. It provides evidence that environmental and planning theory over time is moving: away from the understanding of nature as an object; away from the notion of a unitary public interest in planning theory; toward an increasing recognition of uncertainty in environmental decisionmaking; away from instrumental rationality in planning decisionmaking; away from hard determinism in urban design and planning control theory; away from direct pollution controls in environmental policy theory.-- This thesis argues that these changes can be understood in the context of broader philosophical shifts around the issues of being, knowing and acting, involving a reevaluation of the relationships between: subject and object; value and fact; cause and effect.-- It suggests that the changes indicate a shift away from philosophical rationalism in policy theory over time. The thesis concludes that neither the extremes of rationalism or relativism provide a sound theoretical foundation for environmental planning. It suggests that future theoretical development is likely to come from the interaction of theoretical approaches influenced by non-Western cultures, and innovations produced by local cultures adapting existing theories to meet their specific needs.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
116 leaves
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Ng, Wai-man, i 吳威文. "Environmental management through urban planning in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258086.
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Boyd, Richard Harold. "The death of the inner city: the contemporary American city and the problem of space". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23734.
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Sorensen, Paul Robert. "The Stone Mountain tollway; the Presidential Parkway; Slade, Jake, Val and the boss: the happenstance of making". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21663.
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Leung, King-kwok Godfrey, i 梁敬國. "How can town planning contribute to the greening of the city". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258323.
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Saunders, Todd D. "Ecology and community design : with special reference to Northern European ecological communities". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22548.
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I write this thesis based on the premise that many environmental problems are the result of conventional community design. I argue that conventional community designs are "anti-ecological" because they consume too much energy, produce an extraordinary amount of waste, are car-oriented, ignore any relationship with the natural environment, and reflect the irresponsible attitude of man conquering nature. However, I suggest that ecologically responsible community design alternatives do exist. I refer to these alternatives as "ecological communities". These communities attempt to function as ecosystems that conserve natural resources, are self-regulating, and produce little waste.I present the central principles of ecological communities, and then explore the validity of these assertions. Using five ecological communities from Northern Europe, I examine the following principles: (1) alternative energy systems at the community-scale, (2) wastewater treatment and water reclamation, (3) waste management in the community, (4) ecologically sustainable landscapes, and (5) environmentally responsible housing.
Finally, I present my observations and conclusions. The observations are intended to help community designers to understand the characteristics of ecological communities, and perhaps some of the conditions necessary for these communities to exist. The hope is that these observations may assist community designers avoid common mistakes on similar projects. The observations may shorten the time designers require to transfer their ideas from theory into practice. I conclude that when compared with conventional communities--not with perfection or the utopian dream--ecological communities and what they represent can provide designers with viable development alternatives.
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Kumar, Arvind School of the Built Environment UNSW. "Towards an integrated sustainability assessment of the built environment : the convergence of ecological footprint and spatial analysis to map the urban dynamics of a city". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of the Built Environment, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26124.
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This research examines ways to assess the built environment (BE) for its impacts on the ecosystems and its sustainability in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects on an urban scale. The examination is based on the argument, acknowledged in the literature, that urbanisation is one of the leading causes of unsustainable development, and that the BE makes a significant contribution to this. In order to accomplish this, urban dynamics are identified and mapped with respect to the built environment, and the relationship between urbanisation, the built environment, and the ecosystem is closely examined. The thesis argues that the common denominator in all efforts to move closer to sustainability is an effective assessment method, which not only quantifies the impacts but also informs and educates. The current methods used for assessment of the impacts of BE are found to be inadequate. An appraisal of contemporary assessment methods addressing sustainability and environmental issues at micro (individual building) and macro (urban system) levels is conducted to understand the mechanics of assessment theories. Based on this, a framework for a new assessment system which has the potential to overcome some of the observed weaknesses of the existing ones is proposed. Using multi-criteria analysis principles, this system uses ecological footprint and spatial analysis as its operational engine. It is then applied to a part of the Sydney Central Business District (CBD) for an integrated sustainability assessment. The ecological footprint of the building stock, transport, roads, waste disposal and water supply is calculated as a measure of the environmental impact of the built environment. In addition to this, ???return on investment??? (rental return on construction costs) as a measure of the economic aspect, embodied energy as a measure of material consumption, and ???proximity to facilities??? as a measure of the social benefit of the building stock, are calculated to assess the study area performance on these aspects. These are used to compute an integrated sustainability index for the study area. Various attributes of the built environment, such as total constructed area, height of building, road density etc., are analysed against the ecological footprint to understand the patterns of relationships between urban morphology and the state of sustainability.
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Marshall, Stephen J. "Muncie's new urban'hood : conceptualization of the Delaware County, Indiana fairgrounds as an infill project using principles derived from the new urbanist movement". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1172472.
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This project will address the environmental and social issues associated with conventional community planning and propose solutions to these through written documentation as well as through masterplan-scale concepts of a proposed mixed-use project using principles derived from the New Urbanist movement. The site chosen to display these conceptualizations is that of the existing Delaware County Fairgrounds located in Muncie, Indiana. Two concepts for a traditional neighborhood development shall be the graphic product of the project. The concepts shall be used in a comparison of the potential for New Urbanist design principles applied within the confines of existing zoning and development regulation and New Urbanist-derived design principles applied in an unrestricted setting. The concepts will be used to illustrate the potential of the site as a primarily residential space.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Ho, Siu-cheong, i 何兆昌. "Implications of the implementation of the environmental chapter of Hong Kong planning standards and guidelines on residentialdevelopments in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125262X.
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唐思敏 i Serena Tong. "Walled buildings in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42929775.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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Meier, Richard L. Ecological planning and design. Berkeley, Ca: Center for Environmental Design Research, 1988.
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Magilavy, Beryl. San Francisco's sustainability planning process. [San Francisco, Calif.]: Dept. of the Environment, 1997.
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Nolan, Suzanne. Towards a sustainable Dublin: A basis for permacultural green planning. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1993.
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Adhikari, Ambika P. Urban & environmental planning in Nepal: Analysis, policies, and proposals. [Kathmandu]: IUCN-The World Conservation Union, 1998.
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Kullock, David. Planificación y medio ambiente: El caso de San Martín de los Andes. Buenos Aires: Secretaría de Investigación en Ciencia y Técnica, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, UBA, 1995.
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Keane, Patricia C. Developing urban environmental indicators to allow planning in Ireland meet the imperatives of sustainability. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1999.
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Zoest, Johan van. Leven in de stad: Betekenis en toepassing van natuur in de stedelijke omgeving. Utrecht: KNNV Uitgeverij, 2006.
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Register, Richard. Ecocity Berkeley: Building cities for a healthy future. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1987.
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Budihardjo, Eko. Lingkungan binaan dan tata ruang kota. Yogyakarta: Andi, 1997.
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Downey, John Kerill. The use of indicators for sustainable development in urban areas. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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Haselsteiner, Edeltraud. "Gender Matters! Thermal Comfort and Individual Perception of Indoor Environmental Quality: A Literature Review". W Future City, 169–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_9.
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AbstractThe use of technology in construction has allowed a significant increase in comfort and the construction of energy-efficient buildings. However, for indoor environmental comfort, there is no universal standard that fits all. The indoor climate is perceived individually and the requirements are subjectively shaped. In this paper, a literature review is carried out to describe particular aspects relevant to gender. The aim is to raise awareness of these aspects in order to advance equality orientation as an integral part of planning and energy-efficient building concepts. The findings show that thermal comfort is an essential parameter, and up to 3 °C of differences between women and men were found. This difference is most evident in offices where women show a better cognitive performance in a warmer environment, while men do better in colder temperatures. Gender was also found to be an influencing factor of satisfaction with humidity, acoustic conditions, visual comfort, privacy, air quality, health aspects, light preferences, and brightness perception. Moreover, sick-building syndrome is more common among women. In conclusion, the literature confirms that essential indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters vary significantly across men and women and should be taken more into account in the practice of building technology.
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Maass, Ruca, Monica Lillefjell i Geir Arild Espnes. "Applying Salutogenesis in Towns and Cities". W The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 361–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_34.
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AbstractThis chapter casts light on how cities can facilitate good health through urban planning, design and organisation, and collaboration between multiple sectors. The way we organise cities is one aspect of the social determinants of health and can manifest or balance several aspects of social injustice. This chapter focuses on matters of planning and maintaining infrastructure, including transportation systems, green spaces and walkability, as well as matters of environmental justice across cities. Moreover, it is discussed how a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach can be implemented at the city level, and in which ways the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Healthy City Network contributes to this work. The authors take a closer look at the evaluations of HiAP, as well as the Healthy Cities approach, and to what degree they facilitate long-lasting cross-sector collaboration. Last, it is discussed whether and how a salutogenic orientation can link places and environmental resources to health outcomes, and explore the implications of this approach for salutogenic practice and research.
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Kolbe, Thomas H., i Andreas Donaubauer. "Semantic 3D City Modeling and BIM". W Urban Informatics, 609–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_34.
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AbstractSemantic 3D city modeling and building information modeling (BIM) are methods for modeling, creating, and analyzing three-dimensional representations of physical objects of the environment. Digital modeling of the built environment has been approached from at least four different domains: computer graphics and gaming, planning and construction, urban simulation, and geomatics. This chapter introduces the similarities and differences of 3D models from these disciplines with regard to aspects like scale, level of detail, representation of spatial and semantic characteristics, and appearance. Exemplified by the international standards CityGML and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), information models from semantic 3D city modeling and BIM and their corresponding modeling approaches are explored, and the relationships between them are discussed. Based on use cases from infrastructure planning, approaches for integrating information from semantic 3D city modeling and BIM, such as semantic transformation between CityGML and IFC, are described. Furthermore, the role of semantic 3D city modeling and BIM for recent developments in urban informatics, such as smart cities and digital twins, is investigated and illustrated by real-world examples.
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Bisello, Adriano, Marta Bottero, Marco Volpatti i Tiziana Binda. "Multicriteria Spatial Economic Decision Support Systems to Support Positive Energy Districts: A Literature Review". W Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 15–31. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39206-1_2.
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Abstract To meet the ambitious targets set by the European Union to reduce CO2 emissions, action in cities is essential. In fact, cities are responsible for 67% of the world's primary energy consumption and about 70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. To support the urban energy transition, widespread implementation of net-zero districts, or even better, positive energy districts (PEDs), is expected. PEDs could be defined as energy efficient and energy flexible urban areas that aim to provide a surplus of clean energy to the city through renewable energy. However, the development of the PED concept needs to take into account not only the technical issue of energy systems, but also the environmental, social, and economic aspects. To be effective, it is important to provide decision makers with tools based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach that can effectively assess the complexity of impacts from a multi-stakeholder perspective. The MCDA approach can be supported by a Geographic Information System (GIS) that helps to analyze the data and make it communicable to everyone. The purpose of this research, through a scientific literature review, is to investigate different MCDA supported by GIS in the framework of economic evaluation methods, aiming to contribute to the definition of an effective multi-criteria spatial economic decision making method to support and sustain the design and development of PEDs.
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LeGates, Richard T. "Environmental Planning". W City and Regional Planning, 283–309. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003195818-13.
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Abraham, Michael, i Carolin Schröder. "Mainstreaming Sustainable Urban Mobility – The Mieri-Mobil Project". W Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 3, 142–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26155-8_9.
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AbstractIn 2021, the Berlin district Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf offered residents various mobility options on a part of an urban square called Mierendorffplatz. The overall objective was to explore how people living at the square or in the closer neighbourhood could change their mobility habits to become more environmentally friendly. The test aimed at exploring how sustainable urban mobility can be successfully implemented on a wider scale in in other parts of the city - thus seeking to contribute to mainstreaming sustainable mobility planning in regular city-wide mobility planning processes.This article describes results from evaluating the project: Implementing such exploratory living labs successfully and without excluding specific user groups, depends on the integration of knowledge and resources of both the local governing bodies and civil society. This puts a focus on the question of accessibility of urban space and on the need to re-organize it differently if sustainability criteria should be met.It concludes that sustainable forms of mobility need to become more demand-orientated and that different legal and economic frameworks are necessary to make it a real alternative for everybody. These two aspects will be elaborated. The findings are based on empiric evaluation and validated through consultations with high-ranking experts.
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Daprà, Francesca, Davide Allegri i Erica Isa Mosca. "Tools and Strategies for Health Promotion in Urban Context: Technology and Innovation for Enhancing Parish Ecclesiastical Heritage Through Sport and Inclusion". W The Urban Book Series, 969–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_86.
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AbstractThe relationship between the built environment and health is an increasingly important issue in the planning and regeneration of the contemporary city. The contribution reflects on the impact of sport and social inclusion on the population’s health and well-being, moving from the results of a research experience. The project involves the parish ecclesiastical heritage. It proposes methods committed to its regeneration and innovation, aiming to enhance the oratorio sports facilities in a multi-generation, inclusive, and health education perspective. The definition of a multidisciplinary and analytical tool is based on a set of qualitative and quantitative criteria, for assessing the structures in different aspects, to reconsider the pre-existing sport facilities, and suggesting strategies for the renovation and innovation of their spaces and services. The application of the tool to the parish facilities brings extensive reflections on the importance of promotion of physical activity and of the creation of accessible social environments, suggesting strategies for more liveable and healthy community spaces; moreover, it contributes to the definition of systemic strategies and scientific tools for the enhancing of built heritage in the urban context.
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Zhang, Shangwu, Xiaoming Kuang, Ye Chen, Xueyuan Deng i Jun Chen. "Low-Carbon Healthy City Planning and Design". W Environmental Science and Engineering, 91–154. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49071-6_5.
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Weidner, Silke. "Urban Planning Aspects of the Resilient City". W Future of Business and Finance, 23–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89788-8_2.
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Beani, Egle, Elisabetta Colucci, Luigi La Riccia, Andrea Maria Lingua, Paolo Felice Maschio, Francesca Matrone, Alberto Possa i Ammj Traore. "The 3D Metric Survey for the Digital Cartographic Production to Support the Knowledge of the New Municipality of Mappano". W The Urban Book Series, 153–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33894-6_12.
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AbstractThe complexity of the territories and cities is the genesis of the need to carry out spatial analyses, simulations of complex phenomena and urban planning, requiring an evolution of very large-scale numerical cartography. The representation of cities has not to ignore some essential aspects as well as: the three-dimensionality of the land and all its natural and artificial objects, the multi-scale of geometric and descriptive information to allow different levels of detail and granularity according to the operational purposes, and the interoperability, which enable sharing of map data among various stakeholders and applications for complex analysis. The outcome resulted in the evolution of traditional cartography into numerical cartography toward new instruments and applications such as digital twins. They constitute a virtual replica of physical, potential, and actual resources equivalent to objects, processes, people, places, infrastructures, systems, and devices related to the city and the territory. The case study selected for this research is the recent municipality of Mappano, in the metropolitan city of Turin. The methodology consists of a semiautomatic extraction of cartographic information and geometry essential for defining a digital twin. It has been developed investigating the existing Piedmontese regional geoportal (BDTRE) datasets and data models, and the Geographic Information System (GIS) standard specification for 3D city models, CityGML, mainly considering the first three levels of detail (LoD). The methodology and the resulting spatial data application have been validated by in-loco surveys and digital tools in GIS environment. The starting base map entities derived from a high-resolution acquisition from drone photogrammetry (UAV, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, platforms have been adopted). The outputs of the aerial survey, orthophotos, and dense altimetric models (DTM, Digital Terrain Model and DSM, Digital Surface Model) were essential to extract various cartographic information.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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Ringenson, Tina, i Mattias Hojer. "Smart City Planning and Environmental Aspects: Lessons from Seven Cities". W ICT for Sustainability 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ict4s-16.2016.19.
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MA, BAOMIN, i LEI LIN. "EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN CITY CONSTRUCTION". W Tall Buildings from Engineering to Sustainability - Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Mini Symposium on Sustainable Cities, Mini Symposium on Planning, Design and Socio-Economic Aspects of Tall Residential Living Environment. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701480_0123.
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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi i Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.
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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.
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Beria, Paolo, i Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė. "Transport Modelling During Preparation of General Plans in Big Cities: Reasons and Challenges". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.099.
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Rapidly growing mobility of people in European cities attaches greater importance to the sustainable development concept. The dynamics of European cities are however different. Cites such as Lithuanian, Slovakian and Polish ones will rapidly increase traffic flows and car ownership at fast pace. Also in most of Western Europe, even if at lower rates, private mobility is increasing. In some cities, however, car use and car ownership are finally decreasing, also thanks to policies implemented. Of course, an increase of traffic flows poses problems in terms of street space, pollution and liveability of cities. Sustainable integration of all kinds of transport into the urban development process is one of the most effective actions in the hands of city planners. The coordination between the planning of residential and business development areas and the expansion of public transport and its hierarchical integration is however a difficult but necessary exercise. Transport modelling tools, in particular, need important advancements to integrate transport and land use in simulations. This article analyses the main challenges in the use of transport models to support the construction of city plans by means of two case studies of Milan and Vilnius. The analysis deals both with traditional aspects, such as the proper simulation of multimodal choices, the level of detail of zoning, the issues associated to the simulation of traffic management policies. Then, we will focus on two aspects still open: the integration of transport modelling and economic assessment or ranking of actions, and the inclusion of land use changes in the modelling.
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Yi, Xiaoya. "Historical perspectiveness: characteristics identification and overall protection of historical cities from the perspective of spatial translation. Shipu, Zhejiang". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/eihc6183.
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The rapid development of Chinese cities in the past three decades has caused the transformation of the structure of historical urban spaces, resulting in the fragmentation of historical environment and the blurring of historical pattern. This study proposes to use the epistemology of historical prescriptiveness to recognize the characteristics of urban historical environment, so as to effectively protect the city as a whole. Historical prescriptiveness refers to the spatialtemporal correlation effect in the process of urban historical environment change, which makes the current historical elements of the city present as a whole with hierarchy, structure and system. This kind of epistemology is most prominent in ancient maps. The schema-symbol relation can express the paradigm of traditional structure, the schema-symbol choice can express the order of multiple symbols, and the schema-symbol intention can express the meaning of camp city culture. Based on these potential criteria, this study summarizes the logical relations and existing forms of the old and new elements in urban space, and then explores the historical prescriptive content. The specific content of historical prescriptiveness is embodied in the following aspects: the implicit control of the historical pattern in spatial positioning, the transformation and recognition of historical elements in evolutionary comparison, and the inheritance and continuation of urban memory in the extraction of connotations. Taking the ancient city of Shipu in Zhejiang as an example, the study explores the characteristics of the ancient city of Shipu from three aspects: the succession of Haiphong’s fortification and city-port structure, the alienation of the texture of the ancient towns and streets of Jiangnan, the rejuvenation of the city with the reappearance of culture in eastern Zhejiang. Based on this case, this study proposes a holistic conservation idea of historical city in the modern context of "space and time compression".
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Xia, Fujun. "Study on the strategy of improving urban resilience from the perspective of sponge city construction". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/czos3123.
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Urban resilience refers to the ability of a city to cope with disasters and recover its basic functions rapidly. Urban transportation, urban infrastructure, urban public policy-making and other aspects can improve the resilience of the city. At present, the urban water environment in China is still deteriorating, and the rainstorm and waterlogging disasters are still frequent. Therefore, the author chooses the sponge city construction to study the strategies to improve the urban resilience. The author chooses two aspects of urban storm and waterlogging disaster control and surface runoff, which are closely related to the improvement of urban resilience, as the main research objects, selects specific evaluation indexes and proposes calculation functions, and adopts multiple research methods such as typical case study, spatial model simulation quantitative analysis, statistical analysis and empirical research, through arc GIS analysis, PCSWMM modeling and grasshopper data-based research By means of design and horizontal comparative study of three practical cases, this paper makes a qualitative and quantitative study on the strategy of sponge city construction performance to improve the city's resilience, and the quantitative research is mainly used. There are two main achievements in this study: a set of quantitative research methods to improve the resilience of sponge city construction is preliminarily explored through the application of the evaluation model; some strategies to improve the resilience of sponge city construction are proposed.
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Edelman, Kristel, Riikka Franzen, Irina Wahlström, Anastasia Tsvetkova i Yiran Chen. "Smart Cities on the Waterfront: Citizens’ Perspectives on Smart City in the Context of a Port City". W 37th Bled eConference. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2024.30.
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This paper explores how smart city is defined by citizens in the context of a port city, and which aspects are prominent due to the significant role of a ferry port in such cities. Through a case study of a port city comprising a survey of its citizens, this research investigates citizens’ perceptions of a smart city, contextualised in the actual use of the area close to the port and expectations towards the development of this area. Utilizing thematic analysis of survey data, key themes identified include traffic, environmental sustainability, technology and digitalization, and the importance of focusing on people, their wellbeing and quality of life. The findings emphasise the citizens’ wish for prioritising environmental sustainability and wellbeing in the development of the smart city in a context of a port city and show that improvements in traffic around the port area and urban planning are seen as most topical.
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Leng, Hong, Huimin Zhao i Chunyu Zou. "Assessing the built environment of neighborhood in the winter city from the perspective of pupils' commuting safety". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hswz2399.
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Safety commuting environment can promote children’s walking and cycling, thus reducing the risk of obesity and other diseases. Most of the existing studies on children’s safety focus on open space, but pay little attention to children's commuting environment. Moreover, few studies pay attention to the differences between open blocks and gated communities in winter city. Taking Harbin, a winter city in China, as an example, this study uses the optimized IPA method to explore the built environment factors affecting pupils’ commuting safety from three aspects: environment design, social management and road traffic. The results show that the influencing factors of road traffic have the highest impact on pupils‘ commuting safety. In addition, the occupation management in social management also has a great impact. In terms of satisfaction, the satisfaction with gated communities is generally higher than that with open blocks, but the satisfaction of open block is higher in neighbourhood relationship and street thermal environment. By coupling the importance and satisfaction of influencing factors, it is found that safety guardrail, signal identification, occupation management are in urgent need of renovation.
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Dhruve, Sakshi, i Sarang Barbarwar. "Augementation for liveability for transgender community through inclusionary public space: an architectural study of Raipur". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ddeq6025.
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Public spaces are the locus of activity and interaction in any urban area. Such spaces provide identity to cities, towns or neighborhoods and define the people and culture over there. Inclusiveness is one of the core aspects of livability and is directly associated with Public or Community Spaces. Large population and rapidly expanding urban areas have prompted the need of more inclusivity in public spaces to attain true livable spaces. The aim of the paper is to discuss the livability of Transgender community at Public spaces in India. The study shows how this community was legally included as ‘Third Gender’ in country’s legislation yet lacks social acceptance and security. It shows the challenges and issues faced by them at public spaces. The community was studied on ethnographic basis to understand their culture, lifestyle etc. The findings have indicated towards a social stigma from people and insensitivity in designing of civic spaces. The larger objective of the study is also to provide recommendations on the design aspects and interventions in public places to educate common people to increase their inclusiveness towards the Transgender society, through an integrated approach in architecture. Active engagement of multiple communities is the key to socio-economic and socio-cultural growth. In response, communities have to collaborate on working and living environment and incorporates the no gender-limit adaptability for an augmented livability.
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Bu, Jiatian, i Yifan Yu. "Spatial behaviour and healthy aging. A GPS-ased study of the older residents in Shanghai". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/obav2578.
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The spatial behavior of elderlies is essentially the result of interactions between people and the environment. In order to explore a demand-responsive spatial intervention through new types of data from the perspective of urban planning, this study attempts to identify the differentiated trip features within the aged group, and proceed to gain a further understanding of their daily trip pattern, trip chain, and daytime activity sequence . 76 older residents from a typical public housing neighborhood in Shanghai were asked to carry an Android Phone for 102 consecutive days. By collecting and analyzing the trajectory data, we found that even in a highly consistent social and physical environment, there are still significant differences among the elderlies’ daily activities, mainly existing in the age and gender aspects. The research indicates that elderlies’ daily trip patterns are related to the starting point, effective interval, travel time, and the physical conditions of the individuals.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "City planning Environmental aspects"
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CIE. CIE 234:2019 (ES) Guía para un plan director de iluminación urbana. International Commission on Illumination, wrzesień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.234.2019.es.
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El objetivo de esta publicación es proporcionar orientación sobre los objetivos y principios subyacentes relativos a aspectos de la iluminación del paisaje nocturno urbano. Se tratan los elementos visuales, organizativos, ambientales y técnicos de estos aspectos de la planificación urbana. Esta guía identifica los criterios de planificación del alumbrado que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de tomar iniciativas en relación con el alumbrado nuevo o existente en zonas urbanas, o en aglomeraciones urbanas de nueva planificación. Se ofrecen orientaciones tanto sobre los aspectos funcionales como sobre los aspectos expresivos del alumbrado. Esta publicación está destinada a apoyar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones que deben iniciar, promover y gestionar la imagen nocturna de su ciudad, y que necesitan tener un plan director que proporcione una base sólida para el desarrollo de la iluminación a largo plazo. The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance about the objectives and underlying principles relating to the lighting aspects of the urban nightscape. It deals with the visual, organizational, environmental, and technical elements of these aspects of urban planning. This guide identifies the lighting planning criteria that should be considered when initiatives are being taken in relation to new or existing lighting in urban areas or newly planned conurbations. Guidance is provided to both the functional and expressive aspects of lighting. This publication is intended to support those decision makers who are required to initiate, promote, and manage the night-time image of their city and who require a masterplan to provide a sound basis for long term lighting developments.
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Hästbacka Matti, Leppämäki Tatu i Torkko Jussi. Potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring : Report of the MOBICON workshop held in Helsinki 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030501.
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The Changes in Nature Visitation and the Potential of Mobile Big Data for Visitor Monitoring workshop was held in Helsinki on 28.9.2023. We organized the workshop as part of the five-year MOBICON research project (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short- and long-term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation) funded by Kone Foundation. The aim of the workshop was to collect expert opinions related to the changes in the recreational use of nature, the monitoring needs related to the changing visitations, and to discuss the possibilities of various new data sources to meet managerial information needs. Eight experts from different organisations (Metsähallitus, City of Helsinki, Uusimaa Recreation Area Association Uuvi and Suomen Latu r.y.) participated in the event. Prior to the workshop, the participants had answered a survey about their experiences and information needs related to the changing visitations. The discussion progressed from the results of the survey to more in-depth discussions. Below we summarize the key results from the discussions. The recreational use of nature was seen to be changing. Recreational use is increasing and its temporal rhythms are changing. At the same time, the visitor base becomes more diverse because of the general diversification of society and the fact that new user-groups have started to explore nature. Activities and ways of being in nature are also diversifying. Approaching the changes through four megatrends (social, environmental, political and technological changes). The social and environmental drivers of change were seen as the most important. social changes were identified to be related to the ageing of the population and the diversification of nature visitors. Climate change, as an environmental factor, was identified as the most important driver of change, impacting both nature but also human behaviour. Among the political drivers of change, particularly the increasing polarisation of society emerged in the discussion. In addition, political decisions relating to everyone's rights, biodiversity protection and resources directed for the management of recreational areas were seen as important. Technological changes were identified as important and this change taking place as part of the broader technologization of society. On the one hand, this general technologization increases the opportunities for access to and sharing of information. On the other hand, the increased ‘measurement culture’ also affects the amounts of recreational use, as people are aiming to reach their kilometer or step targets. The information needs of organisations were recognized to include 1) planning of management actions, 2) justifying one's own activities for securing funding and 3) informing visitors. Information is needed on visitor flows and their spatial and temporal distribution. In addition, information about the visitors themselves was considered necessary, especially as the visitor base is becoming more diverse. The workshop participants also expressed concern about those who do not visit recreational areas: how get more information about them and the factors that limit nature visits. Collecting visitor data was seen as expensive and time-consuming, which is why finding new kinds of data sources has potential. Mobile data was evaluated as an interesting source of information and its various aspects were discussed through a SWOT analysis. However, it was clear that in operational use, information must be reliable and easily accessible and some doubts were raised on the potential of mobile big data from this aspect. The event was organised by Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko and Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund participated in the workshop from maternity leave. More information about the event or research can be found on the project's website or by e-mail to the project's researchers: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. The MOBICON project will operate from 2022 to 2026 and it is funded by Kone Foundation. Website: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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Guerra, Flávia, Marisol Romero Magallán, Acoyani Adame, Gorka Zubicaray, Michael Roll i Lucas Turmena. TUC City Profile: Naucalpan, Mexico. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/exzo5502.
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Naucalpan shares critical sustainability challenges with Mexico City due to geographic proximity, notably those related to transport. Furthermore, deindustrialization, lack of integrated urban planning and climate change exacerbate everyday problems in the municipality, including air and water pollution, poor waste management, inequality and poverty. Better understanding the links between these issues could inspire transformative climate action at the local level. A strategic long-term vision for a more sustainable Naucalpan could build upon existing multilevel collaboration agreements and transnational partnerships. Vertical and horizontal integration and formalization of climate change mitigation and adaptation programs and projects could help the municipality to bridge fragmented climate agendas, sectoral development projects and short-term administrations. Naucalpan residents are increasingly recognizing socio-environmental challenges and conflicts at the local level, as well as the shortcomings of the institutionalized channels for citizen participation. As a result, different informal spaces for citizens to voice their opinions regarding government decisions and projects are emerging in the municipality. Addressing significant gaps in municipal data, knowledge and capacity regarding climate change is critical to accelerate a transformation towards sustainability in Naucalpan. Furthermore, existing community-led initiatives could be leveraged to anchor climate action and ensure buy-in from different actors.
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Huynh, Diana N., i Johannes Lidmo. Nordic overview of national support initiatives in urban planning. Nordregio, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:7.2001-3876.
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The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable, and innovative development goals and targets. However, in the context of spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited ability to influence local and regional level priorities. As the Nordic region seeks a greener, more competitive, and socially sustainable future, understanding the diversity of ongoing national interventions and mechanisms in local and regional land use and spatial planning is needed. The focus on Nordic national support initiatives is therefore to understand both the regulative and national support aspects (top-down) and the actual needs (bottom-up) to achieve national cross-sectoral targets as these relate to green and inclusive urban development. This policy brief presents a mapping of the relevant initiatives across the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
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Hogan, Eileen, i Becci Jeffers. A sense of freedom: Exploring everyday experiences of cycling in an Irish regional city. Institute for Social Science in the 21st Century, University College Cork, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/10468/15138.
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In current policy and planning discourse, there is great interest in reimagining and redesigning cities as more cycling-friendly spaces. Research shows that good cycling infrastructure is the first step to increasing cycling rates. However, social and cultural factors are also important for understanding the attractions of cycling and barriers to cycling but these tend to be under-explored in transport policy and research. In partnership with the Cork Environmental Forum and the Cork Cycling Campaign, this study set out to develop social scientific knowledge about cycling as a social practice, focusing on Cork as a case study of an Irish regional city, with a view to informing pro-cycling policy.
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Lidmo, Johannes, Maja Brynteson i Ágúst Bogason. National Support Initiatives in Nordic Spatial Planning. Nordregio, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:61403-2503.
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The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable and innovative development goals and standards. When it comes to spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited power to influence local-level priorities, particularly with respect to regulating land use and adopting a range of policies that impact sustainable urban development. In parallel, various new planning approaches, as well as a range of nationwide support mechanisms have emerged in the Nordic countries, often with the aim of supporting and steering municipalities’ efforts to achieve sustainable urban development. Our report aims to better understand such initiatives and how they are connected to spatial planning efforts in Nordic municipalities by examining one national support initiative in each Nordic country, illustrated with learnings from municipal case studies. We examined FutureBuilt in Norway, the Partnership for Vibrant City Centres in Denmark, the Borgarlína project in Iceland, the Sustainable City programme in Finland and Visions: in the North in Sweden. As shown by the findings from our case studies, different perspectives on external governance – such as state intervention versus municipal self-governance in Nordic countries – highlight challenges in influencing local urban development due to limited state mandates. National support initiatives emerge as an alternative means to guide local development. They may serve to foster collaboration and inclusivity, particularly when inspiring local, strategic spatial planning, as seen in the Swedish case study. National support initiatives are viewed as complementary tools to spatial planning that support sustainable urban development processes and projects. Though they take various forms, their purpose and impact should be understood within the overall context. Collaboration and lessons learned from national support initiatives have the potential to enhance legislation or state intervention. However, an imbalance in municipalities’ access to support poses a challenge in each Nordic country. It is therefore crucial to assess the appropriateness and purpose of support, recognising that municipal pathways are influenced by the way in which support is designed. Striking a balance with respect to state-municipal governance is essential. In short, we can draw the following recommendations: A partnership-based approach with collaboration between various stakeholders enhances inclusivity. New ways of working that are agile and flexible and focus on the local context should be emphasised for effective outcomes. The importance of long-term commitments and policy coherence in the field of sustainable urban development should be emphasised at both national and municipal levels. Efforts should be made to ensure continuity in sustainable urban development initiatives beyond the duration of the given programme. A more formal and institutionalised way of obtaining government funding for sustainable urban development projects at the local level should be developed in some countries. That could level the playing field for municipalities with varying resources, knowledge and lobbying capabilities. In other countries, capacity building – including training and resources – can be provided to help municipalities navigate support options and apply for them. It is beneficial to create platforms providing information about support for sustainable urban development and to make municipalities aware of upcoming calls well in advance.
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Herman, Brook, William Slack i Todd Swannack. Developing conceptual models for assessing benefits and impacts of USACE activities on freshwater mussel communities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42161.
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In this report, we describe how aspects of existing freshwater mussel indices of biological integrity can be modified to fit within the planning paradigm established for developing and certifying ecological models for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ planning purposes. Herein, we present examples of using freshwater mussels for biological monitoring, how to calculate their associated IBIs specific to their region of origin and their potential use in ecosystem restoration planning. Additionally, we present general conceptual models that may be used in ecological model development and environmental benefits analysis for projects that focus on freshwater mussel habitat restoration.
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Bjelland, David, i Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn. Energy retrofitting of non-residential buildings with effects on the indoor environment: a study of university buildings at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541564763.
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The year 2050 is considered the deadline for achieving the European climate goal of net zero emissions, an essential sustainability milestone. Current strategies ask for higher retrofitting rates in the building sector, as most of today’s buildings will still be standing and be used in 2050, and longer. However, retrofitting strategies must consider energy and emissions reductions alongside social sustainability, targeting not only the building but also its users. Historically, the focus has been on indoor environmental quality, while other aspects of human well-being such as the quality of views were not addressed as frequently. Educational buildings can function as lighthouse projects, profiting from its many users as communicators. This article presents the retrofitting potential of the central building complex of the Gløshaugen campus of the NTNU in Trondheim in terms of energy, as basis to study the impact of retrofitting strategies on the indoor environment. The study consists of a selection of details, their building physical assessment, and a proposal of retrofitting measures. The results highlight the importance of human-centric definitions in the early (re-)design stages. Humancentric planning aspects can have diverse positive influences on the building’s users, especially in educational and other highly cognitive settings. Their impact however is strongly dependent on the selection of measures and their implementation. Interactions of the many aspects of well-being that can be addressed during retrofitting must be studied further as their interdependencies are often unclear and case specific. Human-centric retrofitting can function as a guide for upcoming mass retrofits throughout Europe for the sustainable achievement of climate goals.
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Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio. Trade Costs and the Economic Fundamentals of the Initiative for Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011053.
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In October 2000, the twelve countries of South America launched, a multinational, multisectoral and multidisciplinary initiative, whose main objective is to develop the region's infrastructure within a context of environmental sustainability. Supported by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Andean Development Corporation, and the Financial Fund for the Development of the River Plate Basin, the Initiative is based on a hub strategy and its action plan calls for (1) strengthening national investment planning and coordination among countries, (2) standardizing and harmonizing regulatory and institutional aspects and (3) developing a portfolio of projects that encourage private sector participation and innovative financing schemes. This paper revisits IIRSA's economic fundamentals, looking at: the motivation behind regional integration; the importance of transport versus policy related trade costs; and the likely impact of the initiative on regional disparities and growth.
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Zandiatashbar, Ahoura, Jochen Albrecht i Hilary Nixon. A Bike System for All in Silicon Valley: Equity Assessment of Bike Infrastructure in San José, CA. Mineta Transportation Institute, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2162.
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Investing in sustainable, multimodal infrastructure is of increasing importance throughout the United States and worldwide. Cities are increasingly making strategic capital investment decisions about bicycle infrastructure—decisions that need planning efforts that accurately assess the equity aspects of developments, achieve equitable distribution of infrastructures, and draw upon accurate assessment methods. Toward these efforts, this project uses a granular bike network dataset with statistical and geospatial analyses to quantify a bike infrastructure availability score (i.e., bike score) that accounts for the safety and comfort differences in bike path classes in San José, California. San José is the 10th largest U.S. city and a growing tech hub with a booming economy, factors that correlate with increased traffic congestion if adequate multimodal and active transportation infrastructure are not in place. Therefore, San José has been keen on becoming “one of the most bike-friendly communities in North America.” The City’s new plan, which builds on its first bike plan adopted in 2009, envisions a 557-mile network of allages-and-abilities bikeways to support a 20% bicycle mode split (i.e., 20% of all trips to be made by bike) by 2050. Hence, San José makes a perfect study area for piloting this project’s methodology for accurately assessing the equity of urban bike plans and infrastructures. The project uses the above-mentioned bike score (representing the bike infrastructure supply status) and San José residents’ bike travel patterns (to show bike trip demand status) utilizing StreetLight data to answer the following questions: (1) Where are San José's best (bike paradise) and worst (bike desert) regions for cycling? (2) How different are the socioeconomic attributes of San José’s bike desert and paradise residents? (3) Has San José succeeded in achieving an equitable infrastructure distribution and, if so, to what extent? And, (4) has the availability of infrastructure attracted riders from underserved communities and, if so, to what extent? Using the bike infrastructure availability score, this research measures and maps the City of San José's best and worst regions for cycling through geospatial analyses to answer Question 1 above. Further spatial and statistical analyses including t-tests, Pairwise Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive analysis, spatial visualization, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple regression models to answer Questions 2, 3, and 4. In addition to this report, the findings are used to develop an open access web-tool, the San José Bike Equity Web Map (SJ-BE iMap). This research contributes to the critical assessment and planning efforts of sustainable, multimodal infrastructure in California and beyond.