Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Companies with board of directors

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Companies with board of directors”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 19 kwietnia 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Bar-Hava, Keren, Feng Gu i Baruch Lev. "Market Evidence on Investor Preference for Fewer Directorships". Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, nr 3 (28.01.2019): 931–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109019000085.

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We examine investors’ preference for directors serving on fewer versus more boards (“busy directors”) by measuring market reaction to busy directors’ resignations at the companies that still keep these directors on the board. We find a positive reaction implying a preference for fewer directorships. The reaction is more positive when the need for the director’s services is greater, when the resignation frees up more of the director’s time, and when the director is of higher quality. Furthermore, we find that following their resignation, directors increase their board responsibilities/leadership at firms that still retain them and seek no board appointments elsewhere.

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Grove, Hugh, Mac Clouse i Tracy Xu. "Benchmarking boards of directors for better corporate governance". Corporate Board role duties and composition 16, nr 2 (2020): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv16i2art1.

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The key question and major lessons learned in this research are that individual companies and their boards of directors could use the board director benchmarking information compiled in the Conference Board Report to assess their own boards of directors’ corporate governance practices. For an initial benchmarking approach, this paper compared a poor long-term market performance company (Grove & Clouse, 2019) with a strong long-term market performance company (Grove & Lockhart, 2019). The following benchmarked differences in the boards of directors of these two companies were key success factors for constellation: specific industry knowledge, younger directors, coaching/nurturing, involved roles, long-term compensation of directors, no board entrenchment, board assessment, and board committee rotation. The major sections of this paper are literature review, corporate board practices, benchmarking board of directors: poor long-term market performance example, benchmarking board of directors: strong long-term market performance example, conclusions, and future research. A major limitation of this paper, which could be investigated in future research, is to analyze benchmarked board categories to see if they help explain differences in comparative long-term market performances by many companies since companies and their markets are diverse.

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Meiliana, Meiliana, i Iven Julia. "Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Dewan Direksi terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan". Global Financial Accounting Journal 6, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v6i1.6683.

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Purpose - This study aims to determine the effect of the board structure on company performance. This study has 6 independent variables, which consist of the size of the board of directors, independent directors, board of directors meetings, board of directors education, female directors, and managerial ownership. Research Method - The sample used in this research is quantitative data with a purposive sampling technique. Based on the criteria, the samples collected from 473 companies in the period 2014-2018. The sample data is tested using panel data regression. Findings - This study concludes that all the independent variables have no significant effect on company performance. Board of directors still needs to be controlled to achieve good performance. Independent directors rarely interfere on other director decision. Board of director’s meetings only incurs unnecessary expenses. Board of director's education is just a qualification. Women's board of directors in each country could have difference effect because of cultural differences. There are still many directors in public companies that do not have ownership in the company, so there is still no visible effect on managerial ownership. Implication - The findings of this study imply that corporate governance still needs to be strengthened to improve company performance. There are still many problems within the company due to poor governance.

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Kostyuk, Alexander N. "A practitioner’s research: Director remuneration in Ukraine". Corporate Board role duties and composition 2, nr 2 (2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv2i2art4.

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Remuneration of members of the supervisory boards in Ukrainian joint-stock companies is the most controversial issue of the corporate board practices. Despite the firm belief of the shareholders that the director remuneration is one of the most important factors influencing the board performance, there are still many companies (21 per cent) where directors are not remunerated for their work on the supervisory board. This report examines practices of the director’s remuneration in Ukraine.

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Daily, Catherine M., i Dan R. Dalton. "Are Director Equity Policies Exclusionary?" Business Ethics Quarterly 13, nr 4 (październik 2003): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200313433.

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Abstract:This paper examines two recent trends relative to boards of directors’ compensation, and their potential incompatibility. There has been some progress in increasing board diversity, specifically the inclusion of women and minorities on boards. The increasing trend requiring directors to hold/purchase equity as a requirement of board membership may seriously compromise further improvements in diversifying boards. Also, an increasing number of companies compensate directors partially or fully in stock grants and options. These compensation policies may be exclusionary, especially for women and minorities, impacting the quality of boardroom discussions and decisions. This study systematically examines whether corporations requiring director equity are exclusionary toward women and minority directors. Contrary to being exclusionary, companies with director stock requirements and annual stock awards have greater representation by women and minorities on their board. Moreover, larger companies are both more likely to have such policies and have higher proportions of women and minorities on the board.

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Mans-Kemp, Nadia, Suzette Viviers i Jenna Weir. "Investigating the extent and impact of director overboardedness using a comprehensive measure". Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 20, nr 5 (20.05.2020): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-07-2019-0234.

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Purpose Directors can become overextended when they serve on multiple boards simultaneously. Previous scholars mostly considered directorships held at listed companies. This study aims to investigate the extent and impact of director overboardedness in an emerging market by using a comprehensive measure. Design/methodology/approach The analysis covered 1,600 directors who served on the boards of the 100 largest companies listed in South Africa over the period 2011–2016. In addition to directorships held at listed companies, board positions at unlisted companies and other entities such as state-owned enterprises were considered. Board committee memberships at the sample companies were furthermore included. Random effects ANOVA was conducted to test for significant differences in board and committee meeting attendance. Findings Two-thirds of the considered directors were overboarded when accounting for all their positions. Board committee memberships increased notably over the research period. There was no significant difference in the percentage of board meetings attended between overboarded and non-overboarded directors. However, those directors who held three or more positions simultaneously attended significantly more board committee meetings than their counterparts who held fewer positions. Of the considered committees, the remuneration committee typically had the highest proportion of overboarded directors. Originality/value Eligible board candidates are in high demand given the limited talent pool in South Africa. The findings contradict the busyness hypothesis and suggest that director overboardedness should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

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Dimovski, Bill, Luisa Lombardi, Christopher Ratcliffe i Barry John Cooper. "Australian Real Estate Management and Development companies and women directors". Property Management 34, nr 1 (15.02.2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-12-2014-0052.

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Purpose – There is a large literature advocating the importance of a greater proportion of women directors on boards of publicly listed firms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors, including women executive directors, on listed Australian Real Estate Management and Development (REMD) companies to identify how prevalent women directors are on such boards. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines the numbers and proportions of women directors for 35 REMDs in 2011 and compares this to the broad board composition data on 1,715 Australian Stock Exchange listed entities. Statistically significant findings are evident due to the identified low proportions. Findings – The study finds that of all the Financials Sub Industry sector groups, REMDs have the lowest proportion of female directors on theirs boards – eight women on each of 35 company boards compared to 159 men on these 35 boards at 2011. Of the eight, there were only two women executive directors on boards compared to 50 men. Statistically, it appears that having women directors on REMD boards is not considered important. Even at December 2014, there are only ten women on seven company boards and only one remaining executive director of an REMD company. Practical implications – Given that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that there is a growing voice for legislation to impose mandatory proportions of women directors on boards around the world, it may be in the interests of REMD boards to consider appointing more women more quickly. Originality/value – The study is the first to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors amongst REMD companies to identify the paucity of such women directors.

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Das, Pradip Kumar. "Impact of Women Directors on Corporate Financial Performance-Indian Context". World Journal of Social Science Research 6, nr 3 (23.07.2019): p320. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n3p320.

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Good corporate governance creates the properly structured board of directors capable of taking independent decisions for the welfare of the company. Women directors or female directors with varied backgrounds and experiences tend to look at problems and solutions from wider perspectives, thereby, diversity in boards has been widely considered as an important contributor to improved decision-making. Against this backdrop, the paper empirically investigates the association between participation of female director on board with the financial performance of corporate, using a sample of 16 listed companies’ board membership in India. The study reflects positive and significant impact of female directors on financial performance in the listed companies. The findings could be scientific basis for Indian company to build the most proper board for themselves and contributes to the existing literature through the empirical evidence with more insight into the effect of corporate governance, particularly female directors on firm outcomes from a typical developing country, India. Thus, it is suggested that Indian companies should think about the femininity on board and in senior management to improve financial viability and performance to achieve sustainable growth.

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Narayan, Shannu. "Corporate Board Governance from Critical Mass Theory Lens: Revisiting Indian Companies Act 2013". GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, nr 3 (22.03.2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.69974/glskalp.01.03.56.

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Indian gender quota rule mandates to have at least one-woman director on corporate board. Gender diversity of board is a tool to assess a corporate governance compliance. The subject can be addressed from legal, public policy, political science and business studies gamut considering and realising that corporate governance norm compliance is very significant. Gender quota provision chiefly impacts the composition of boards of directors and thus the strategic direction of these publicly traded and state-owned enterprises. Critical mass theory which is applied to various fields, could be applied in this field also to ensure efficacy of the board by merit and composition. This paper highlights the need for “atleast three women directors” or one-third of the board should be women directors” for making the change.

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Oosthuizen, A., i S. Lahner. "Board diversity and sustainability performance". Southern African Business Review 20, nr 1 (27.03.2019): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6046.

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The purpose to this study was to describe and explore the difference in the board composition and characteristics of sustainability performing companies compared with other companies in terms of gender, ethnicity, and affiliation, uniquely, the inclusion of directors from a non-business background. This exploratory study used a cross-sectional design in the form of a quantitative comparative analysis, and a longitudinal design in the form of a trend analysis to compare the differences in board composition between a sample of sustainability performing companies and a sample of other companies listed on the FTSE/JSE All Share Index between 2004 and 2010. Inclusion on the Social Responsibility Investment (SRI) Index was used as a proxy for sustainability performance. 13The study provided support that director background as a board attribute may be linked to overall sustainability performance. It further provided insight into who board members should be, namely non-executive directors with non-business backgrounds. 14The findings of this study suggest that the nomination committees of companies wanting to improve sustainability performance should consider the recruitment and appointment of non-executive directors from non-business backgrounds on to their boards. The study provides grounds for further empirical studies on the causal relationship between board compositions and sustainability performance

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Alamri, Maree Ali. "Corporate governance and the Board of Directors in Saudi-listed companies". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/47f5d91d-73c0-45d1-8ee7-8ea3fdee4a4e.

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Corporate Governance has been a focus of attention in many countries around the world. A renaissance in governance issues has led global convergence to codes of good governance and practices. This study examines the adoption of a relatively new corporate governance code for KSA listed companies and its adaptation in an institutional setting where family and government ownership prevails. The study focuses on the governance mechanisms adopted by companies and the influences on such practices, and identifies those that are not being practiced and the reasons behind such resistance using both interviews and a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that coercive pressures has resulted in the diffusion of some governance practices, but normative isomorphic tendencies arising from sociocultural factors have prevented governance practices from being adopted effectively leading companies to decouple material practice for merely ceremonial practices. The prevailing institutional logics within government and family owned companies leads to heterogeneity among listed companies regarding their governance structures and practices. The findings of this thesis show that policy makers should consider the network of actors that determine practice in order to improve the governance framework.

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Wang, Yi. "Board independence and firm performance evidence from ASX-listed companies /". Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/66774.

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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009.
A thesis is submitted for the degree Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology - 2009. Typescript. "August 2009". Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-189)

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Wu, Wei. "Board composition and firm performance : a quantitative study on Chinese listed companies". Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36075.

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Smith, Kevin John. "Do board contacts matter? : an analysis of the relationship between boards of directors’ ties and the performance of Australia’s largest companies". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32188/1/Kevin_Smith_Thesis.pdf.

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Boards of directors are thought to provide access to a wealth of knowledge and resources for the companies they serve, and are considered important to corporate governance. Under the Resource Based View (RBV) of the firm (Wernerfelt, 1984) boards are viewed as a strategic resource available to firms. As a consequence there has been a significant research effort aimed at establishing a link between board attributes and company performance. In this thesis I explore and extend the study of interlocking directorships (Mizruchi, 1996; Scott 1991a) by examining the links between directors’ opportunity networks and firm performance. Specifically, I use resource dependence theory (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978) and social capital theory (Burt, 1980b; Coleman, 1988) as the basis for a new measure of a board’s opportunity network. I contend that both directors’ formal company ties and their social ties determine a director’s opportunity network through which they are able to access and mobilise resources for their firms. This approach is based on recent studies that suggest the measurement of interlocks at the director level, rather than at the firm level, may be a more reliable indicator of this phenomenon. This research uses publicly available data drawn from Australia’s top-105 listed companies and their directors in 1999. I employ Social Network Analysis (SNA) (Scott, 1991b) using the UCINET software to analyse the individual director’s formal and social networks. SNA is used to measure a the number of ties a director has to other directors in the top-105 company director network at both one and two degrees of separation, that is, direct ties and indirect (or ‘friend of a friend’) ties. These individual measures of director connectedness are aggregated to produce a board-level network metric for comparison with measures of a firm’s performance using multiple regression analysis. Performance is measured with accounting-based and market-based measures. Findings indicate that better-connected boards are associated with higher market-based company performance (measured by Tobin’s q). However, weaker and mostly unreliable associations were found for accounting-based performance measure ROA. Furthermore, formal (or corporate) network ties are a stronger predictor of market performance than total network ties (comprising social and corporate ties). Similarly, strong ties (connectedness at degree-1) are better predictors of performance than weak ties (connectedness at degree-2). My research makes four contributions to the literature on director interlocks. First, it extends a new way of measuring a board’s opportunity network based on the director rather than the company as the unit of interlock. Second, it establishes evidence of a relationship between market-based measures of firm performance and the connectedness of that firm’s board. Third, it establishes that director’s formal corporate ties matter more to market-based firm performance than their social ties. Fourth, it establishes that director’s strong direct ties are more important to market-based performance than weak ties. The thesis concludes with implications for research and practice, including a more speculative interpretation of these results. In particular, I raise the possibility of reverse causality – that is networked directors seek to join high-performing companies. Thus, the relationship may be a result of symbolic action by companies seeking to increase the legitimacy of their firms rather than a reflection of the social capital available to the companies. This is an important consideration worthy of future investigation.

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Wang, Zijian. "Board characteristics, audit committee, and audit fees : Evidence from Swedish listed companies". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202576.

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This thesis examines the empirical relationship between a set of board characteristics (i.e. independence, diligence and expertise), audit committee (existence, characteristics and status within the board), and audit fees in a sample of Nasdaq OMX Stockholm-listed companies. The author investigates the relationship using a sample of 187 company-year observations for year 2011. Through multivariate regression analysis, the author found that more independent boards are associated with lower audit fees, while more expert boards and audit committee existence are associated with higher audit fees at the conventional levels. Results as such suggest that board independence, expertise and audit committee existence can influence the demand for audit coverage. Through further analyzing a subsample of 116 companies with audit committees, the author additionally found that more audit committee meetings are associated with higher audit fees, while wholly independent audit committees and an increase in the relative size of audit committee to nomination committee are associated with lower audit fees at the conventional levels. These findings are supportive for the Swedish regulatory requirement of adopting audit committees in the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm-listed companies effective from 2009 and have implications for enhancing board- and audit committee effectiveness in the Swedish listed companies.

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Puteh, Salin Ahmad Saiful. "Corporate governance, board ethical commitment and corporate performance of Malaysian listed companies". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1943.

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The failures of high profile international companies such as Enron, Parmalat and Barings Bank and also companies in Malaysia such as Transmile, Idris Hydraulic, Aokam, PWE Industries and Hwa Tai Industries have triggered much interest to researchers and regulatory bodies on the work of company directors, arguably the front liners that are responsible for the success of the company. Although many reforms were taken in the last decade to prevent corporate collapses, how directors work and whether there are specified internal guidelines that guide their decision making, which affects the stakeholders of the company have been neglected. The collapse of many large companies gives significant evidence that without ethical leaders, corporate governance mechanisms and any type of control may malfunction. In 2012 the Securities Commission of Malaysia added a new principle, board ethical commitment, in the revised Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG). These developments have motivated the current study to explore and investigate the contribution of board ethical commitment towards the sustainable performance of the company. While there has been research on the association between corporate governance and firm performance, most of the studies use single measures of each corporate governance principle and no known archival research has been conducted on board ethical commitment. This study looks at multiple measures of each corporate governance principle and their association with firm performance. It also aims to examine the extent of companies compliance and disclosure with respect to board ethical commitment, test whether board ethical commitment is associated with firm performance and whether it will enhance the association between corporate governance and firm performance. This study uses two methods of data collection. First, archival analysis of the annual reports and websites of Malaysian listed companies. The MCCG 2012 Index was created to assess the compliance of companies with the corporate governance requirements while a comprehensive checklist was developed from international best practices to assess the level of board ethical commitment. Second, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with directors of the listed companies were conducted to draw insights into the reasons and justifications of the results of the archival analysis. This study found that in general, corporate governance does not have a significant positive relationship with corporate performance. Further analysis found evidence that only two specific corporate governance practices namely sustainable policies and proactive shareholders engagement have a significant positive relationship with performance of the company. This study also found that there is a relationship between board ethical commitment and company performance. In addition, the board ethical commitment enhanced the relationship between corporate governance and corporate performance. This finding indicate the importance of business ethics generally and ethical leadership particularly in contributing good corporate performance.

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Khalid, Akhma Adlin. "Determinants and impacts of directors' remuneration disclosure : evidence from Malaysian FTSE30 companies". Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16352.

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Directors' remuneration has long attracted a great deal of attention from financial economists and academics due to its strategic role as a remedy to control agency problems. The key issue is the conflict between directors and shareholders on whether the remuneration is designed to maximise shareholders' value or to favour directors, who run the company on behalf of the investors. However, the conflict can never be detected when the disclosure of remuneration is not transparent. The study was conducted in Malaysia which provides a distinctive research setting different from other developing countries because Malaysia has a disclosure exercise that is still far below best practice as well as a unique Malaysian cultural and institutional environment. Thus, the unusual combination of politics (government) dominated by Malays and business dominated by the minority Chinese provides an interesting background to explore the determinants and consequences of directors' remuneration disclosure. This study's novelty stands on the exploration of ownership structure and board diversity in determining directors' remuneration disclosure, as well as the impact of disclosure towards firm value. The first chapter investigates the association between ownership structure and directors' remuneration disclosure. A significant and negative association is noted between family ownership and remuneration disclosure, suggesting that the traditional family control in Malaysia continue to be dominating outweighing the necessity of public disclosure. Moreover, this study encountered a non-linear relationship between government ownership and remuneration disclosure, indicating that the disclosure of directors' remuneration is positive up to a certain level of government ownership but reduces as government ownership increases. Evidently, directors in government-owned companies are being extra vigilant in disclosing their remuneration due to the political and personal security reasons, particularly post the 12th general election of Malaysia in 2008 that witnessed the government lose its two-thirds majority in parliament for the first time after 40 years. The second chapter examines how board diversity influences disclosure. The study found that only age diversity is significantly and negatively associated with directors' remuneration disclosure, supporting the age stereotype that characterised old directors who are wise and wisdom. Hence, the adverse disclosure behaviour can be explained by their ability to credibly withhold voluntary information and strategically disclose mandatory information on remuneration. Contrary to prior studies, this study found that ethnic diversity does not have a significant influence on directors' remuneration disclosure possibly due to the equal number of Malay and non-Malay directors on board throughout the period under review. Interestingly, cultural convergence is also known to be a contributing factor as both ethnics exercise their belief in determining the level of strategic remuneration disclosure. In line with upper echelon theory, the presence of female directors is found to be an insignificant determinant of remuneration disclosure possibly due to their risk-averse personality in the high-risk disclosure area. The third chapter aims to assess the extent to which directors' remuneration disclosure reflects information that is relevant to firm value. By using Tobin's Q, this chapter shows that directors' remuneration disclosure is value relevant in both financial and non-financial sectors among the FTSE30 companies. The finding implies that the market highly values directors' remuneration disclosure as it signals board transparency and provides a window to overall governance quality of an organisation. This chapter proposes that commitment to directors' remuneration disclosure has potential benefits that outweigh the risk of disclosing within the Malaysian context. Furthermore, this chapter explicitly addresses and justifies the potential endogeneity problem that has been ignored by typical accounting studies. Using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) technique to control for the endogeneity of voluntary remuneration disclosure in assessing its impact on firm value, findings from the robustness analysis carried out suggest that the empirical results reported are robust to potential endogeneity problems. Finally, this study provides two practical implications. First, it provides a disclosure incentive for directors to make better remuneration disclosure in the annual report. Despite that there is evidence of hesitancy to disclose due to the political volatility in Malaysia subsequent to the 12th general election in 2008, the market significantly values directors' remuneration disclosure as it signals good governance practice by the company as well as great reputation portrayed by the board members. More specifically, this study encourages disclosure on directors' remuneration as it positively affects firm value, in both financial and non-financial sectors. Secondly, this study offers essential guidelines for companies in determining the board composition. It suggests that a distinctive personality of each director can be a competitive advantage of a firm when it is properly transformed to make it congruent with the firm's objective, in achieving maximum efficiency of decision-making. While age diversity is found to be significantly associated with directors' remuneration disclosure, the remaining board diversity dimensions such as gender, and ethnicity are also significant in a condition when it is critically analysed using the upper echelon theory within the context of Malaysia. Overall, the study indicates the need to incorporate a diversified composition of the top decision-makers in deciding a strategic remuneration disclosure.

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Olofsson, Ida, i Mikaela Larsson. "Female board members and company performance : Do companies with female directors perform better than companies without females on their boards? Evidence from Sweden". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36578.

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Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden. Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.

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Wang, Ling. "Corporate governance in China : roles of state, the supervisory board and the board of directors in large listed companies /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/520496876.pdf.

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Kondlo, Nandipha. "The importance of corporate governance in South African family-owned companies : effects of ownership and board composition on performance". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5517.

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Książki na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Partnership, Monks, red. Board earnings in FTSE 100 companies: A study of board earnings from company annual reports. Saffron Walden: Monks Partnership, 1999.

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Ford, Roger H. Boards of directors and the privately owned firm: A guide for owners, officers, and directors. New York: Quorum Books, 1992.

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Committee on Corporate Governance of Public Companies in Nigeria. Report of the Committee on Corporate Governance of Public Companies in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria?: The Committee, 2003.

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McDonald, Dennis. Reprogramming the board: A comprehensive approach to aligning a company's board of directors and management team. [United States]: Aspatore Books, 2006.

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L, Ward John. Creating effective boards for private enterprises: Meeting the challenges of continuity and competition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1991.

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Neville, Mette, Karsten Engsig Sørensen i Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose. Boards of directors in European companies: Reshaping and harmonising their organisation and duties. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2013.

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Tobias, Nikoleyczik, i Schult Ludger, red. Manager liability in Germany: Director liability of members of management and supervisory boards of German companies. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2012.

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Hamid, Nasser. Directors & the companies act. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Gavel Publications, 2013.

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Marwick, KPMG Peat, red. Directors' compensation in industrial companies. [Montvile, N.J.]: KPMG Peat Marwick, 1988.

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Lahlou, Ismail. Corporate Board of Directors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05017-7.

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Części książek na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Blake, Allan. "Board Architecture and Entrepreneur Companies". W Dynamic Directors, 81–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14889-9_3.

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Blake, Allan. "Board Architecture and Family Companies". W Dynamic Directors, 96–127. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14889-9_4.

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Blake, Allan. "Board Architecture and Listed Companies". W Dynamic Directors, 128–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14889-9_5.

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Blake, Allan. "Board Architecture and Groups of Companies". W Dynamic Directors, 151–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14889-9_6.

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Dart, Beatrix. "Governance of Gender Diversity Case". W Management for Professionals, 61–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48606-8_13.

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AbstractGender diversity on boards has become accepted as an important step to increase governance, risk assessment, and innovative thinking for companies. However, the arguments of finding merit-based candidates, a narrow definition of the board skills matrix, and the desire to add “who you know” have proven to be lasting obstacles for many female board candidates. This short case highlights the importance of making a conscious effort to expanding board searches past the usual networks to lead to boards with better decision-making abilities by adding female board directors.

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Blanc, Mathieu, Jean-Luc Chenaux i Edgar Philippin. "Corporate Purpose: How the Board of Directors Can Achieve an Inclusive Corporate Governance Regime". W The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 101–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_6.

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AbstractLarge corporations are currently facing critical challenges after many financial crises and scandals, which led to a loss of public confidence. In addition, inequality, climate change, and new technologies create systemic risks for corporations. In that context, economic and legal scholars, as well as directors and regulators, extensively debate issues revolving around the “profit” of corporations as well as about the “purpose” of companies, a notion that is different from their mere “object.” In our view, the theory of the purpose-driven company could help overcome the never-ending dispute between the partisans of shareholders’ wealth maximization and the promoters of stakeholder governance. To materialize and implement the company’s purpose, missions, and core values, the board of directors (in engagement with shareholders) shall assess its impact on a broader social and economic environment. The identification and expression of the purpose will facilitate the company’s value creation and long-term business sustainability. The board of directors shall further take into consideration all stakeholders as well as define and identify the main purpose recipient (customers, employees, environment, etc.). Within this frame, the board of directors will act as both a corporate purpose guardian and a mediator of the various (potentially) conflicting interests held by the different constituencies.

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Cardona, Pablo, i Carlos Rey. "What Are Companies For?" W Management by Missions, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83780-8_4.

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AbstractManagement by missions (MBM) starts by asking a fundamental question: What is your company for? It seems reasonable to assume that an organization and its members should have a clear idea of why they exist. In practice, however, that is not always the case. Very often, there is great confusion and conflict of opinion on this point, even within the board of directors or executive committee. In this chapter, we explore this fundamental question first by discussing the role of profit in business (as a mean or an end). Then we propose a specific definition of purpose as the synthesis of the ends of a company. We then introduce the three dimensions of an effective purpose: Authenticity, Coherence and Integrity. Finally, we discuss the relationship between personal and corporate purpose.

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Chen, Fang. "Authorities, Convening and Rules of Procedure of Board of Directors and Rights of Directors". W Essential Knowledge and Legal Practices for Establishing and Operating Companies in China, 315–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2239-8_58.

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Regine, Slagmulder. "Risk reporting to the board of directors". W The Routledge Companion to Accounting and Risk, 172–86. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315716756-12.

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Bradstreet, Richard S., i Helena Stoop. "Finding Space for the B Corporation Within the South African Legal Landscape". W The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 759–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_37.

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AbstractSouth African law has traditionally only recognised the corporate form as either a means of achieving shareholder wealth maximisation or pursuing non-profit objectives—these two purposes being mutually exclusive. The radically overhauled Companies Act of 2008 sought to, inter alia, reaffirm the concept of the company as a means of achieving both economic and social benefits, and provides some flexibility for directors of a profit company to actively pursue social objects although the board is ultimately mandated to act in the best interests of the company’s present and future shareholders. This chapter surveys the South African legal landscape of social enterprise regulation, and evaluates it from the perspective of the benefit corporation model, identifying impediments to the operation of entities with such dual profit and philanthropic purposes within the existing framework.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Bel Oms, Inmaculada, i Alfredo Juan Grau Grau. "The moderating effect of female directors in the relationship between board characteristics and board remuneration". W Corporate governance: Research and advanced practices, 13–18. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgrapp2.

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This study aims to analyze the influence of European sustainable companies’ board of directors (BoD) characteristics on directors’ remuneration, focusing on female directors’ supervisory role.This study provides international evidence of how board remuneration can be mitigated by some corporate governance mechanisms, such as board independence when moderated by board gender diversity.

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Grau Grau, Alfredo Juan, Manuel Castelo Branco i Inmaculada Bel Oms. "Do good governance practices, moderated by gender parity, strengthen environmental, social, and governance performance for European companies?" W Corporate governance: Research and advanced practices, 53–59. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgrapp8.

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This study examines how country-level gender parity interacts with board characteristics to affect environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in sustainable European firms. Higher gender parity nations amplify the positive effects of women on boards, non-executive directors, and stakeholder engagement on ESG while reducing the negative impacts of busy directors. Surprisingly, the combined effect of board gender diversity and national gender parity on ESG is negative, contrary to expectations. These findings enrich research on board characteristics and ESG performance, emphasizing the overlooked role of gender parity.

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Carabelli, Marina. "Women’s board presence and firm performance: Evidence from a sample of Italian listed companies". W Corporate governance: An interdisciplinary outlook. Virtus Interpress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgaiop2.

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This study analyzes the relationship between the presence of women on the board of directors and the performance results achieved by a sample of listed companies on the Italian stock market. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between women on board and corporate governance effectiveness, research results are inconclusive regarding their impact on corporate performance. The article analyzes a set of board attributes in relation to the presence of women on the board for 47 Italian listed companies for the years 2018 and 2019. Preliminary results show a positive correlation between the participation of women on the board of directors and sampled companies’ performance. Therefore, the results confirm the importance of women’s presence on the board of directors in influencing the financial performance of companies

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MICHALIČKA, Tomáš, Drahoslav LANČARIČ i Xénia SZARKOVÁ. "BOARD OF DIRECTORS & TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM GENDER DIVERSITY IN EUROPEAN COMPANIES". W 10th International Conference on Management. Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-820-7-0219.

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Lei, Hui, i Channi Liu. "Board of directors characteristics and internal control quality: Evidence from Chinese-listed companies". W 2014 26th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2014.6852261.

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Shahgholian, Azar, Razvan Muscalu i Babis Theodoulidis. "The Impact of Social Networks of SP1500 Companies Vision on Environmental Governance". W Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100375.

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Recently we are witnessing an increasing consensus among corporate leaders that any decision model for a successful business should link to the climate change. On the other hand, existing research works indicate that social networking affects the way companies make decisions in relation to their performance. This paper explores the effects of social networking characteristics among companies and the characteristics of board of directors on environmental governance. Our paper looks at the extent by adopting data mining techniques that comprehensively discover the effects for a sample of SP1500 companies in year 2010. Our analysis shows that this relationship indeed exists. More specifically, we show that companies that are highly inter-connected tend to have formal structures for environmental governance, such as: pay as well as non-monetary incentives related to climate change, environment-responsible committees, voluntary climate change communications, and publishing of climate change reports. In addition, companies who are highly connected tend to have larger boards of directors comprising of more independent directors. The positive outcome of this evaluation clearly demonstrates the direct and indirect power of information flow provided by social network characteristics on environmental governance.

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Arduino, Francesca Romana. "Board of directors and sustainability performance in the aerospace industry". W Corporate governance: Research and advanced practices, 32–38. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgrapp5.

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This study aims to investigate the role of the board of directors in promoting sustainability in the aerospace industry. Aerospace companies are facing substantial challenges stemming from sustainability-related issues like climate change and environmental regulations, underscoring the urgency of prioritizing sustainability within the corporate agenda. This study adds valuable insights to the ongoing discourse regarding the impact of the board of directors on corporate sustainability performance. By examining a sample comprising firms within the aerospace industry listed on the STOXX Europe 600 index from 2015 to 2022, it aims to elucidate the impact of various board characteristics on their sustainability results. Overall, the insights of this study underscore the critical role of board attributes in shaping Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance outcomes. By promoting gender diversity, fostering independent oversight, and mitigating Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality, aerospace organizations can effectively enhance their ESG performance and better position themselves to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities

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Cantone, Caterina, i Alessia Spignese. "Can ethical behavior reduce credit risk? Focus on the moderator role of the board of directors". W Corporate governance: Research and advanced practices, 39–43. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgrapp6.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate whether companies that act ethically benefit in terms of reducing credit risk and if the board of directors (BoD) characteristics play a moderator role in the relationship between the presence of the legality rating and the credit risk. The study sample consists of 285 Italian companies between 2012 and 2022. The information related to the legality rating (LR) was taken from the Authority Guarantor of Competition and the Market (AGCM) and the other information associated with the companies was from the AIDA database by Bureau Van Dijk. The results of the study show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the LR and the EM-Score and a positive association between women on the BoD and the EM-Score. Moreover, the research reveals that the presence of women on the BoD amplifies the relationship between LR and credit risk.

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Tatlı, Hasan Sadık, Melih Sefa Yavuz, Gökten Öngel i Gözde Bozkurt. "Board Structure and CEO Characteristics as Determinants of Firm Performance: An Analysis on BIST 100 Firms". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02859.

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Today, the Upper Echelon and Power theories are widely used to explain firm performance. These theories relate the size of top management and the power of managers (especially the CEO) to firm performance. However, no research has been found in the Turkish literature examining how senior management structure and CEO power affect firm performance. The aim of the study was determined as "detection of the effect of the structure of the board of directors and the characteristics of the CEO on the financial performance of the companies". In the research, a data set was created by considering the tenure of CEOs (7 years and above) in companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul 100 Index. The research data set includes 16 companies covering the period between 2016-2022, and the variables were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The dependent variables of the research are ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q, and the independent variables are CEO age, CEO duality, number of CEO titles, board size and board independence. Data were analyzed by the panel data analysis method. According to the research findings, CEO duality Tobin's Q, CEO age has a negative effect on ROA. Board size and CEO age have a positive effect on ROE. The number of titles held by the CEO and the board of directors' independence does not significantly affect firm performance. Research findings are important in showing the effect of board structure and CEO characteristics on firm performance.

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Grau Grau, Alfredo Juan, Inmaculada Bel Oms i Janny Magdeline Núñez Almonte. "Do board committees contribute to environmental, social, and governance performance: The moderating role of Global Gender Gap Index". W Corporate governance: Research and advanced practices, 60–64. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgrapp9.

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The main goal of our study is to examine the moderating effect of the GGGI in the association between the proportion of female directors on board and board sub-committees and ESG performance. Main findings reveal that the GGGI has a positive and significant effect on ESG performance. The degree of gender parity within a country, viewed as an external political and socio-cultural contingency factor, influences the ESG performance of sustainable European companies.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Companies with board of directors"

Shahgholian, Azar, i David Bryde. The Relationship Between The Board of Directors’ Social Capital and Construction Firms’ Environmental Profiles. Association for Project Management, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61175/rqve8344.

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The concept of environmental sustainability has been a hot topic in recent years and is becoming an increasingly important aspect of our everyday lives due to UN and UK government initiatives such as the NetZero Project. Our study conducted by Azar Shahgholian and David Bryde (Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool) takes the first step in providing data-driven evidence of the power of the social network in enhancing organisational performance relating to achieving environmental sustainability goals in a project-intensive industry sector. The aim is to show how the social capital of those individuals working at a board level in construction companies is utilised in different ways when carrying out practices that maximise environmental performance.

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Guevara-Castañeda, Diego Alejandro, Leonardo Villar-Gómez, Olga Lucía Acosta-Navarro, Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, Bibiana Taboada-Arango, Laura Moisá-Elicabide, César Augusto Giraldo-Giraldo, Roberto Steiner-Sampedro i Jaime Jaramillo-Vallejo. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia, February 2025. Banco de la República, marzec 2025. https://doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.01-2025.

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In 2024, the macroeconomic adjustment process continued, characterized by a sustained reduction in inflation that began in 2023 and a decline in the current account deficit of the balance of payments. This adjustment took place in the context of a contractionary monetary policy, with a gradual reduction in the monetary policy interest rate. GDP grew by 1.7%, driven by investment and consumption, while employment increased by 2.2%. Foreign reserves remained at adequate levels, and Banco de la República recorded a profit of COP 10,041 billion, benefiting from the returns on foreign reserves. Macroeconomic environment The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank estimate that the global economy grew by 3.2% in 2024, a rate similar to that observed in 2023 (3.3%). This occurred in a context of moderating inflation and declining monetary policy interest rates in most countries. Global inflation moderated over the course of 2024. However, inflation rebounded toward the end of the year in some advanced economies, mainly due to rising energy costs. In Latin America, inflation trends were mixed. While some economies experienced sustained price stability, in most cases, inflation remained above the targets set by their respective central banks. Monetary policy interest rates in most Latin American economies continued to decline, reflecting a moderation in inflation and inflation expectations. However, some countries in the region recently raised interest rates in response to renewed inflationary pressures. Oil production increased in 2024, leading to a 3% decrease in oil prices, with Brent crude averaging around USD 80 per barrel. However, geopolitical tensions prevented a more pronounced decline. The U.S. dollar appreciated against most currencies, driven by expectations that the Federal Reserve (Fed) would implement more gradual policy rate cuts. In 2025, global economic growth is projected to be similar to that of 2024, supported by declining inflation, wage recovery, sustained employment growth, and a less restrictive monetary policy stance. However, geopolitical tensions and U.S. trade policies introduce uncertainty. More gradual reductions in the Fed’s interest rate are expected, with the possibility of pauses if inflationary pressures resurface. In Latin America, central banks are expected to continue cutting interest rates, although monetary policy may remain contractionary where inflation has not yet reached target levels. Domestic economic activity Colombia’s GDP grew by 1.7% in 2024, reflecting a moderate recovery compared to the previous year. This occurred in an environment of lower interest rates, improved domestic demand, and an increase in remittances and exports. Private consumption and fixed capital investment—particularly in infrastructure projects such as the Bogotá metro—contributed to economic growth. However, investment in housing declined. Agricultural and services sectors led economic growth, while mining and manufacturing contracted. The loan portfolio experienced low nominal growth, though some segments showed signs of recovery toward the end of the year. For 2025, economic activity is expected to continue recovering, approaching its productive capacity and aligning with the convergence of inflation toward its target. Employment Employment grew by 2.2% in 2024, resulting in the creation of 508,000 jobs. This expansion was driven by rural areas, where employment increased by 3.2%, surpassing the 1.4% growth in urban areas. The commerce, accommodation, manufacturing, public administration, health, and education sectors were the primary contributors to job creation. Wage employment grew by 2.7%, exceeding pre-pandemic levels, while non-wage employment increased by 1.8%, leading to a decline in informality to 55.6%. The national unemployment rate fell by 0.6 percentage points, reaching 9.7%, with a more pronounced reduction in rural areas. For 2025, the unemployment rate is expected to remain stable, supported by a positive economic outlook. Inflation and Monetary Policy Headline inflation in Colombia fell significantly from 9.3% in 2023 to 5.2% in 2024, primarily due to a restrictive monetary policy that moderated domestic demand and contributed to a reduction in the current account deficit. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated products) declined from 8.4% to 5.2%, reflecting the effectiveness of contractionary monetary policy. Inflation of goods dropped sharply, from 7.1% to 0.6%, due in part to the resolution of logistical disruptions and the appreciation of the peso. In contrast, services inflation declined more moderately, from 9% to 7%, influenced by indexation to past inflation and the increase in the minimum wage. Prices of food decreased from 5.0% to 3.3%, driven by lower pressures on processed food prices, benefiting from reduced costs of imported raw materials and a favorable exchange rate. Prices of regulated items dropped to 7.3%, following smaller adjustments in gasoline prices (after the required increases in 2023) and lower electricity and public service tariff increases, except for gas prices, which continued to rise. Inflation is expected to continue converging toward the 3% target in 2025, with headline inflation projected to close the year at around 4.1%, continuing its downward path into 2026. However, new risks have emerged, including a recent rise in producer costs, a significant increase in the minimum wage, and a rebound in inflation expectations. Balance of payments Colombia’s current account deficit narrowed to 1.7% of GDP between January and September 2024, down from 2.5% in the same period in 2023. This improvement was driven by higher remittance inflows, an improved services trade balance, and lower factor income outflows. Remittances reached a record USD 11,848 million, with the United States and Spain as the main sources of these inflows. A decline in the profits of foreign direct investment (FDI) companies, particularly in the oil and coal sectors, also contributed to reducing external imbalances. The trade deficit widened due to a greater imbalance in the trade of goods within a context of lower commodity prices. However, this was partially offset by strong agricultural and industrial exports. Additionally, the good performance of service exports, supported by higher international tourist arrivals, helped contain a larger trade imbalance. The financial account recorded net capital inflows equivalent to 1.1% of GDP, lower than the 2.5% recorded in 2023, primarily due to a decline in foreign direct investment in mining, transportation, and oil. This was partially offset by growth in financial and business services investment. The current account deficit is estimated to have closed 2024 at 1.8% of GDP, with a projected widening to 2.5% in 2025, in line with higher expected economic growth and stronger domestic demand. Public finances According to preliminary figures from the 2025 Financial Plan (PF-25) presented by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (MHCP), Colombia’s General Government deficit reached 4.8% of GDP in 2024, marking a 2.1 percentage-point increase compared to 2023. This deterioration was mainly driven by a worsening in the balances of the Central National Government (GNC) (2.6 pp) and the Social Security subsector (0.4 pp), partially offset by a 0.8 pp improvement in Regional and Local Government balances. The reduction in the deficit position of the Fuel Price Stabilization Fund (FEPC for its acronym in Spanish) was notable, following gasoline price adjustments, which closed the gap between the reference price and local market prices. However, fiscal pressures persist due to ongoing subsidies for ACPM (diesel fuel). The total and primary deficits of the Central Government stood at 6.8% and 2.4% of GDP, respectively, driven by a decline in tax revenue—particularly from income and external taxes—alongside increased government spending. The net debt of the Central Government increased to 60% of GDP, exceeding previous forecasts. For 2025, a total and primary deficit of 5.1% and 0.2% of GDP is projected, with tax revenue expected to grow by 22.6%. Compliance with the fiscal rule and the stabilization of public finances will be critical in 2025, given the potential impact of fiscal slippage on the country’s risk premiums. Failure to meet fiscal targets could raise interest rates for both the Government and the broader economy. Maintaining credibility in fiscal policy will be key to preventing macroeconomic adjustments from exerting additional pressure on interest rates. International Reserves As of December 31, 2024, Colombia’s net international reserves stood at USD 62,481 million, reflecting an increase of USD 2,873 million during the year. This growth was primarily driven by returns on reserves, which reached 3.65%, benefiting from higher global interest rates, and Banco de la República's reserve accumulation program, which added USD 1,479.4 million to reserves. According to the IMF’s reserve adequacy methodology, Colombia maintains a reserve ratio of 1.29. This falls within the adequate range (1.0 – 1.5), indicating that Colombia’s reserves are sufficient to withstand extreme external shocks and balance of payments risks. Profits obtained by Banco de la República The Bank's profits reached a record COP 10,041 billion in 2024, resulting from revenues of COP 13,948 billion and expenses of COP 3,907 billion. Profits increased by COP 815 billion compared to 2023, primarily due to lower expenses, although partially offset by a decline in revenues. For 2025, profits are projected at COP 10,512 billion, supported by the high expected profitability of foreign reserves. However, this projection is subject to uncertainty related to reserve performance and monetary base growth.

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Cohen, Lauren, Andrea Frazzini i Christopher Malloy. Hiring Cheerleaders: Board Appointments of "Independent" Directors. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, sierpień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14232.

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Ding, Wenzhi, Chen Lin, Thomas Schmid i Michael Weisbach. Risk Perceptions, Board Networks, and Directors’ Monitoring. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28974.

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Council, COPE. Guidelines for the Board of Directors of Learned Society Journals. Committee on Publication Ethics, październik 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.5.

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Ararat, Melsa, Esra Süel i Belgin Aytekin. Women on board Turkey: 2013 1st Annual Report (Independent Women Directors Project). Sabanci University, listopad 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5900/su_som_wp.2013.22323.

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Ararat, Melsa, Esra Süel, Belgin Aytekin i Sevda Alkan. Women on board Turkey: 2014 (2nd Annual Report: Independent Women Directors Project). Sabanci University, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5900/su_som_wp.2014.25068.

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Carrasquilla Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo Andrade, Gerardo Alfredo Hernández Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca Olano, Carolina Soto Losada, Roberto Steiner Sampedro i Juan José Echavarría Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, marzec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2020.

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The Board of Directors of the Central Bank, as per the provisions of Article 5 of Law 31 of 1992, submits a report to the Congress of the Republic that describes the macroeconomic performance for the first half of 2019 and its prospects for the remainder of the year. The last two chapters report on the composition of the country’s international reserves and the projection of the financial situation of Banco de la República for 2019. The last chapter analyzes the payment systems in the cou

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Carrasquilla-Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo-Andrade, Gerardo Hernández-Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca-Olano, Carolina Soto, Roberto Steiner-Sampedro i Juan José Echavarría-Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.07-2020.

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In Colombia, as well as in the rest of the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged the health and well-being of the people. In order to limit the damage, local and national authorities have had to order large sectors of the population to be confined at their homes for long periods of time. An inevitable consequence of isolation has been the collapse of economic activity, expenditure, and employment, a phenomenon that has hit many countries of the world affected by the disease. It is an unprecedented crisis in modern times, not so much for its intensity (which is undoubtedly immense), but because its origin is not economic. That is what makes it so unpredictable and difficult to manage. Naturally, its economic consequences are enormous. Governments and central banks from all over the world are struggling to mitigate them, but the final solution is not in the hands of the economic authorities. Only science can provide a way out. In the meantime, the economic indicators in Colombia and in the rest of the world cause concern. The output falls, the massive loss of jobs, and the closure of businesses of all sizes have become daily news. Added to this, there is the deterioration in global financial conditions and the increase in the risk indicators. Financial volatility has increased and stock indexes have fallen. In the face of the lower global demand, export prices of raw materials have fallen, affecting the terms of trade for producing countries. Workers’ remittances have declined due to the increase of unemployment in developed countries. This crisis has also generated a strong reduction of global trade of goods and services, and effects on the global value chains. Central banks around the world have reacted decisively and quickly with strong liquidity injections and significant cuts to their interest rates. By mid-July, such determined response had succeeded to revert much of the initial deterioration in global financial conditions. The stock exchanges stopped their fall, and showed significant recovery in several countries. Risk premia, which at the beginning of the crisis took an unusual leap, recorded substantial corrections. Something similar happened with the volatility indexes of global financial markets, which exhibited significant improvement. Flexibilization of confinement measures in some economies, broad global liquidity, and fiscal policy measures have also contributed to improve global external financial conditions, albeit with indicators that still do not return to their pre-Covid levels.

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Carrasquilla Barrera, Alberto, Carolina Soto Losada, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, Bibiana Taboada Arango i Leonardo Villar Gómez. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2021. Banco de la República, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2021.

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In compliance with Act of Congress 31/1992, Article 5, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República hereby submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a detailed report on the measures that Banco de la República has taken in the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 and presents the macroeconomic results for 2020 and the outlook for 2021 for its consideration. Furthermore, the breakdown of the Foreign Reserves and their performance, the financial position of the Bank and its forecasts, and the Bank’s Cultural management are described.

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