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Dauphin, Joëlle. "Conception d'une interface de formation auditive". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ43811.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJedrkiewicz-Owczarek, Floriane. "La formation hybride : entre conception et usage". Thesis, Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01E012.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concept of hybrid training, combining activities in presence and distance, most often supported by a digital platform, before 2020 was a niche solution, little recognized. It was forcibly democratized with the covid-19 pandemic, even forcing the emergence of a new form of hybridization where the two modalities merge. The first definition of hybrid training appeared in 1995, written by Didier Valdès in his thesis for Paris 2 Panthéon Assas. He pointed out a certain number of criteria essential to the design of such training. However, the historiography concerning the study of these, from a erspective of definition, evaluation and design, was quickly turned upside down by the emergence of web 2.0. The design criteria adopted became more and more numerous and technical, the authors interviewing only a part of the actors (teachers or students), without a global vision and without taking into account their real activity. This approach, not integrating the activity of their operators, leads to complex hybrid training courses to be followed both for students and teachers, who may even be resistant to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ) employees, or even to training in general. We are therefore looking to observe a hybrid training taking into account the activity of the operators, in order to deduce design tracks more in line with it. We employ an ethnocentric methodology, based on the theoretical framework of the activity, with an associated method - in particular the notions of prescribed and real. We thus seek to go beyond the usual dichotomies with machine / without machine, and presence / distance. We refer particularly to the activity theory developed by Yrjö Engeström, and to the instrumental theory of Pierre Rabardel. We observe a hybrid module of initiation to information and Pix certification within a university course More specifically, we have retained for the analysis a chapter of the course comprising a 1h30 face-to-face session and work to be done remotely. All the data available over this observation period is used, i.e. a heterogeneous set including open observations in class, video recordings, interviews carried out with users and designers, questionnaire for students, collection of emails from the teacher, data generated through the IT platform, and presence on student workspaces and exchanges such as Facebook and Google Drive. These data are combined in quantitative and qualitative ways, and analyzed through the production of detailed chronologies, Engeström contradiction tables, and a revised version of Gaëtan Bourmaud's Method of Failures and Substitutions of Resources (MDSR). We highlight a clear gap between prescribed and actual training (that is to say between training designed and in situ), resulting from a design in use carried out by the actors - teachers and students. This implies paradigm shifts, particularly with regard to student autonomy, the objective of the training which disrupts the position of the teacher. This conception in use is the result of a collective work of the operators (teacher and students), practically leading to a redesign of the training according to the needs actually felt. The design of a hybrid training in accordance with this activity would thus suppose to use the distance for what it is, in order to facilitate the creation of a community of university learning
Lourdeaux, Domitile. "Réalité virtuelle et formation : conception d'environnements virtuels pédagogiques". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006475.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa réalité virtuelle (RV) est souvent utilisée comme moyen technique pour immerger un formé dans des environnements le plus proche possible de la réalité. Les limitations technologiques actuelles ne permettent pas de s'approcher parfaitement de la réalité. De plus, les formateurs ont souvent besoin de fournir des explications s'appuyant sur des situations éloignées du réel afin d'aider les formés à prendre du recul et à mieux comprendre cette réalité. Les nombreuses potentialités de la RV permettent de proposer différents niveaux de réalisme.
Pour gérer ces niveaux de réalisme et optimiser les fonctionnalités offertes par la RV en fonction de objectifs pédagogiques et des difficultés des formés, nous proposons un Agent Pédagogique Intelligent (HAL : Help Agent for Learning)
HAL a été conçu pour aider les formateurs à construire un discours pédagogique en environnement virtuel en proposant deux types de stratégies pédagogiques adaptatives. Les premières modifient des aspects du scénario (pannes, conditions météorologiques, etc.). Les secondes fournissent des aides pour la compréhension de la situation (suggérer où le formé peut trouver la connaissance, expliquer une règle, montrer la conséquence de ses erreurs, etc.). Ces stratégies peuvent être mise en œuvre grâce à différentes formes d'assistance pédagogique gérant différents niveaux de réalisme (enrichissement, visualisation de mécanismes cachés, modélisation de concepts abstraits, etc.) HAL est basé sur un système multi-agent permettant de décrire une architecture modulaire et distribuée.
Une application professionnelle et industrielle réelle nous a permis de mettre en œuvre notre méthodologie de conception basée sur les aspects cognitifs, d'exploiter un grand nombre de potentialités de la RV et de mettre en évidence l'apport de HAL pour gérer ces fonctionnalités. L'objectif de cette application est de former des conducteurs de TGV à l'intervention sur Lignes à Grande Vitesse (descente sur les voies et manipulation d'appareils de voie.)
Anani, Victorien. "Formes et formation de l'intelligence : vers une nouvelle conception". Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20084.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis exploratory study deals with the issue of the nature of intelligence from a new stand point and proposes a theory based on the use of symbols. French speaking school children from france and west africa experienced auditive and visual stimuli (verbal and schematic statements) of the physical world i. E the world of objects and the psychological world. The study explores the social, cultural and economical determinants of the graphic symbolisation of people namely the ability to understand, to conceive and to rebuilt statements, sequences, in short, forms which use semantic and cognitive structures. Having put forward an applied definition of thinking, the author endeavours to bring out the actual differences between the nature of language (semiotic) and that of thinking (symbolic), between form of content and form of expression, setting them in a cognitive space where "signifier" and "signified" concur. Two separate analyses made it possible to study first, the inter-relationships between the forms of content and expression, then the relationship between these forms and and the variables of the environment. The make up of thinking, the characteristics of which are the symbolic structuring factor, the subjective factor and the theoretical factor, was carried out within a theoretical framework open to techniques of linear regression analysis. The main issue of the relations existing between expression and content, between morphogenesis and structure may find certain elements of solution in this study
Anani, Victorien. "Formes et formation de l'intelligence vers une nouvelle conception /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376023251.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelgerie, Xavier. "Conception d’un simulateur de conduite pour véhicule Spyder". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9572.
Pełny tekst źródłaCastel, Philippe. "La semio-socio-psychologie : conception tridimensionnelle du sujet humain". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070105.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work submitted here concerns the socially integrated man, as a matter for social psychology. From this point of view, speech as been chosen as the strategic place of investigation. Regarded as linguistic social behaviour, it refers three determinations : one psychological, as indicated by its behavioural nature, another sociological, as shown by its contextualized character and a final one, semiological, as underlined by its linguistic material. The thesis consists mainly in the elaboration of a model of the subject pushing to the extreme this constitutive three dimensionalization of the speaker. The analysis of the most common concepts in social psychology provides the three basic notions that enable the framework of this model to be built. Work carried out on attitude puts action in the foreground ; studies on representations are centred round possession ; finally, research carried out on the identity approaches it as a specific state. The generalization of these methods of apprehension enables us to understand the nature of the three basic dimensions, i. E. To do, to have and to be. The systemization of these dimensions leads us to distinguish faculties, ressources and entities. The latter, i. E. The actor, the person and the individual, have the characteristics of being homogeneous in their composition and autonomous in their working. These properties are the object of a crucial experiment showing the exclusivity of the practices according to the entities in question. Finally, the heuristic quality of the model is tested through its use. .
Larpent, Patrick. "Tectonique moléculaire : conception et formation de polymères de coordination chiraux". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe synthesis and the use of porous chiral coordination polymers for enantioselective processes are of current interest and prime importance in chemistry. These crystalline materials are mainly obtained by combinations of well-designed organic tectons and properly chosen metallic components. This thesis deals with the synthesis of organic chiral building blocks and their combinations with a variety of metallic salts leading to chiral coordination networks. In a first part, the use of tectons bearing neutral coordinating sites is described. Homochiral cuboid architectures displaying monodimensional channels are presented. In the second part, mono- and bi-dimensional networks of various geometries are described. In some cases, within crystals, interactions lower in energy than the coordination bond are observed and are responsible for the formation of molecular networks of higher dimensionality. Finally, the use of organic tectons displaying charged interaction sites is presented. Their combination with metallatectons under thermal treatments affords robust tridimensional homochiralarchitectures displaying cavities. These materials are interesting candidates for enantioselective recognition and separation. Their gas adsorption propensity (N2 and CO2) is briefly discussed
Taupiac, Jean-Daniel. "Etude et conception d'environnements de formation pertinents en Réalité Virtuelle". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS040.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of Virtual Reality's democratization, the design of relevant training environments is an issue identified both at the academic and industrial level.In this thesis, prepared in throught a CIFRE contract between the LIRMM and Capgemini, an in-depth study of the literature and the industrial needs was carried out, allowing us to identify the precautions, the concepts and limitations to be considered in order to design relevant training environments.In particular, by using tools from the statistical field, we propose and apply experimental methodologies to assess the relevance of training environments for two use cases: procedural and social skills training.Finally, we also explore the use of Virtual Reality as a design tool, allowing to draw representative emotional facial expressions based on the perception of subjects
Robin, Jean-Yves. "Vers une conception de la formation des cadres : le cas particulier des ingénieurs". Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO20065.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo phases could chracterize the training of engineers. The first based on an essential pedagogy, would correspond to the initial learning and would aim at transmitting a technical and theoretical knowledge allowing the future engineer to be integrated in the professional environment. The second phase would be marked by the appropration of a professional knowled ge which would be acquired through various incidental experiences linked with the relational and political field of the enterprise frequented. In this view, the in-service training of executives could be conceived from an adultagogy of the existence. For this research, the methodology applied to the life accounts of the engineers encountered allowed us to perceive the nature of the learning that the latter had accomplished throughout their initial training and their professional history. This auto-biographical procedure has contributed to describe and identify the main stages which characterize the professional development of engineers
Chatigny, Céline. "La construction de ressources opératoires : contribution à la conception des conditions de formation en situation de travail". Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0376.
Pełny tekst źródłaGac, Pierre. "Conception et évaluation d’environnements virtuels pédagogiques : application à la formation professionnelle". Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe French educational system claims a digital transition. Using digital means is a good way for vocational training professionals to promote new pedagogical approaches. Vocational training suffers from a lack of means to offer new training situations. Thanks to technological improvements, Virtual Reality (VR) is now open to the public. It allows multiple relevant pedagogical simulations that are tailored to the professional world. This thesis is about designing and evaluating virtual environments (VE) in a vocational training context. The design of a training environment implies a high skill diversity for the designer to be usable in real conditions in schools. Like pedagogy for the targeted job or knowledge about students or teachers’ profiles. We expand in this manuscript several approaches that allow transcribing a real pedagogical situation into a relevant virtual scenario. For the developer, the complexity of the digitalization process relies on the need for the virtual situation to be suitable for both students and teachers. We propose a generic programming approach, allowing to quickly adapt the design process of a new virtual training scenario. For instance, we propose multi-support generic interactions or a virtual assistant to ease virtual interactions for the trainee. Additionally, students’ profiles need to be considered while designing the VR, especially regarding the choices of interactions by simplifying steps. Allowing the designer to remove didactic irrelevant parts for the benefit of more enlightening pedagogical actions. We expand in this thesis some exploitation approaches of VR in a real training context as well as evaluation techniques to assess students. Those discussions are supported by experimental results conducted in high schools to validate our technical and pedagogical approaches detailed in this manuscript
Clemente, Antonio. "Conception d'antennes à réseaux transmetteurs à dépointage et formation de faisceau". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S094.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis investigates the design and realisation of electronically reconfigurable transmit-array antennas. A transmit-array is composed of one or more focal sources illuminating a first antenna array operating in receive mode and connected, using phase-shift elements, to a second antenna array operating in transmission mode. The incident power received on the first array, as in the case of a lens, is transmitted in the free space and can be focused or collimated by tuning the transmission phase of the unit-cells in order to obtain a specific phase distribution across the array aperture. Beam-steering and beam-forming can be achieved using electronically tunable unit-cells. A theoretical study of transmit-arrays performances has been carried out using an in-house CAD tool based on analytical formulas. The reduction of the focal distance using multiple feeds and the reduction of the spill-over losses using a beam-formed focal source have been investigated as well. A linearly-polarized electronically reconfigurable transmit-array at X-band frequencies has been designed and demonstrated. This prototype is composed of 20×20 unit-cells. 800 PIN diodes have been integrated on the array in order to control the transmission phase of each unit-cell. A maximum broadside gain of 22,7 dBi, a bandwidth of 1,56 GHz (15,6% at 10 GHz), a total efficiency of 52,9% , and a 2D beam-steering capability of ±70% have been measured. Finally, the use of RF-MEMS switches to reduce the unit-cell insertion losses and the transmit-array total power consumption has been investigated
Montalan, Marie-Annick. "Modélisation des compétences pour l'entreprise : conception et validation d'un système d'évaluation formative des compétences en comptabilité financière". Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10064.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research is a contribution to the modelling of competencies for business organisations, the problem being approached through the cognitive method, by studying the processes adopted by a learner in order to structure and mobilise both knowledge and know-how, when placed in an environment using formative assessment. Taking both the cognitive and normative aspects of the concept of competency, we attempted to find a point of coherence between the knowledge which has to do with the way of a human being functions (via the learning process) and the knowledge about the way organised action functions (via professional situations). There followed a reflection on the concept of the process of evaluating proficiency, on the one hand, and on the process of structuring knowledge, on the other, which led us to develop an assessment model in the form of a double loop, in which proficiency is both the regulating principle and the organising principle. This work on the concept was both validated and enriched when we designed a system generating questions on assessment in the field of financial accounting. This system was tested on various student groups, the validation having the dual goal of assessing the tool and assessing the competency model it is based on. This experiment made apparent what such a system has to offer, enabling us to approach the issue of evaluation dynamically by emphasising the procedures used rather than the performance achieved, and relying on repetition of the process. At the same time, it showed the way to new research themes in accounting, these new themes opened up by an approach to the field of accounting based on an educational issue, in which the didactic aspect and the professional aspect of competency are brought together
Duquesnoy, Laurent. "Aide à la conception, évaluation et démarche qualité pour le déploiement de formations multimédias en milieu industriel". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaA great number of high technology companies are confronted today with the problem of their technical know-how transmission, major condition of their continuity. In response to these shakes, we propose on the one hand a methodology to design training supports dedicated to operators or temporary workers, on the other hand the models and tools of evaluation and follow-up generated by the method. We analyze in a first part the needs of the actors within the framework of industrial training, and how the different kinds of training (know as academic or practices of e-training) can answer them. The second part proposes a methodology to develop technical environments of training in work station. It exploits generic models of design, implements a pedagogy based on double alternation theory/ practice and trainer presence/absence, and includes the evaluation tools as early as the design step. The third part relates the implementation of this method on a factory site ( TIV - Thales Electron Devices) while following a quality step (Six Sigma). It results in proposing a new model of multimedia teaching support, baptized SIMPA (Mediatized and Personalizable Interactive Support from Training). The originality of this model consists in a personalized mediation by two computerized tutors: the professor and the companion. Lastly, we present in a fourth part the return of use of SIMPA after 6 months in the company: actors satisfaction, effectiveness of the mediation functionalities. The first results show a significant reduction of the attendance time of the trainer and the reduction in design time. In conclusion, we propose some tracks of development for SIMPA, in particular according to collaborative and remote working methods
Duquesnoy, Laurent Prévot Patrick. "Aide à la conception, évaluation et démarche qualité pour le déploiement de formations multimédias en milieu industriel". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/duquesnoy/index.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaRieben, Pierre. "Processus de conception d'instruments et de dispositifs de formation : Le cas de la formation ouverte et à distance". Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21527.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe can consider that, since a year, the open and distance learning has gone beyond the stage of projects and tests pilote. To understand and discribe the design process of devices and tools for learning and teaching, to problematize the relations of learning, teaching and the relationship to knowledge in the case of open and distance learning, a triple examination has been commited (research in literature, study of three corpus, field study about the design of an e-portfolio. It's allowed to identify some queries. 1) the design process goes on into the use process which leads to ask again initial design ; 2) The representations that have structured the design of the e-portfolio also structured the group of design'actors - according to the hypothesis of Sallaberry ; 3) From Salais and Storper (coordinated action means that the actors have a common framework for action, but outside them likely to be re-built during the action), we have shown that the design of an e-portfolio as aprocess of coordinated action, based on agreements on coordinating the work of design ; 4) Considering artefacts developed in a process of design as objects intermediaries - according to the type of Jeantet and Vink -, we have identified, from the field study about the e-portfolio design process, as symbolic interfaces for structuring representations ans agreements actors on this design process ; 5) Looking after if it was relevant to consider the "report to know instrumented" notion, we have show that the use of an instrumentation in learning's field has an influence on the relationship to knowledge
Mariais, Christelle. "Modèles pour la conception de Learning Role-Playing Games en formation professionnelle". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702237.
Pełny tekst źródłaLardinois, Eric. "Le jeu : outil de communication commerciale : conception de produits et formation des clients". Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131032.
Pełny tekst źródłaSacilotto-Vasylenko, Marina. "VERS UNE NOUVELLE CONCEPTION DE LA FORMATION CONTINUE DES ENSEIGNANTS : ANALYSE COMPARATIVE FRANCE/UKRAINE". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260488.
Pełny tekst źródłaRichard, Bruno. "Une approche épiphyte pour la conception de systèmes conseillers". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491735.
Pełny tekst źródłaBistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels d'un système de formation". Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ036S/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe accession with the education of a number increasingly larger indivlduals resulted in regarding the performance of the systems of formation as a true factor of economic development. It is in ths context that our work of thesis is registered which aimed to the development of methods and tools for the assistance with the design of the operational part of an education system and in particular al the transformation s y s t v leading to the increase of students competences. After having presented an assessment of the education systems by defining their perimeter, their operation and results, we specify the factors whch led us to worry us about operational processes of the education systems. In a second chapter, we specifi the steps whch we chose to adopt and we decline the whole of our method, associated to specific tools, which aims to the assistance to the design and the setting of formations. We move away from the logic of supply to migrate towards logic of demand. We propose an identification of constraints in education systems (resources with limited capaciîy, teachmg coherence, unavailability of resources, competences and aptitudes of the resources, etc.) In a third part, we illustrate our concept by applying methods and tools developed with a practical case. Lastly, we conclude on the scientific contribution made up by t h work and open the way towards rnany prospects, the field of the engineering of the formation being still to its beginnings
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288748.
Pełny tekst źródłaAprès avoir présenté un bilan des systèmes de formation en définissant leur périmètre puis leur fonctionnement et résultats, nous précisons alors les facteurs qui nous ont conduits à nous préoccuper des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation.
Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous précisons la démarche que nous avons choisi d'adopter et déclinons ainsi l'ensemble de notre méthode, associée à des outils spécifiques, qui vise à l'aide à la conception et la mise en œuvre des formations. Nous nous éloignons de la logique de l'offre pour migrer vers une logique de la demande. Nous proposons une identification contraintes subies par un système de formation (ressources à capacité finie, cohérence pédagogique, indisponibilité de ressources, compétences et aptitudes des ressources, etc.)
Dans une troisième partie, nous illustrons notre propos en appliquant les méthodes et outils développés à un cas pratique.
Enfin, nous concluons sur l'apport scientifique constitué par ces travaux et ouvrons la voie vers de nombreuses perspectives, le domaine de l'ingénierie de la formation étant encore à ses balbutiements.
AMIR, SCHNEIDER MICHELINE. "La formation de l'enseignant formateur selon une conception integrative : la mediation du texte biblique". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20059.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlthough teacher educators require multi-directional training in their academic fields, methodology, education, interpersonal relations and group psychodynamics, there has been a perenial tendency to neglect the psychological and relational aspects of their training. Our action research was carried out from 1988 to 1995 in israel among orthodox jewish teacher educators in a training program in pedagogy and guidance, specializing in judaic studies. This population has difficulty creating interdisciplinary integration and relate to psychodynamics as alien to their role and to their culture. The qualitative research shows that these difficulties result from a perceived conflict of values between the teaching world and that of guidance as well as between judaism and psychology. Our objectives were twofold: to analyse the confrontation of values as it pertains to the perception of the teacher's role within its cultural context and to develop an appropriate method of intervention. It was found that teaching content, specifically that of bible studies, can serve as a catalyst for interaction among opposing attitudes, facilitating the aquisition of guidance tools such as empathy and feedback. Through the biblical metaphor, its style and multiple, sometimes paradoxical, meanings, the student experiences the co-existence of heteronomy, responsiveness to tradition and textual teaching, with free will, self-creativity and dialogue-based guidance. The mediator approach presented herein through a corpus of texts draws on the spiritual and cultural resources of the bible, not as a therapeutic tool, but as a learning content rich in the ethical values underlying interpersonal and transcendental relations. Those values affect guidance by promoting the integration of cultural and professional identities among teacher educators
Bistorin, Olivier Padilla Pierre. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels des sytèmes de formation". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Bistorin.Olivier.SMZ0736.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels d'un système de formation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ036S.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe accession with the education of a number increasingly larger indivlduals resulted in regarding the performance of the systems of formation as a true factor of economic development. It is in ths context that our work of thesis is registered which aimed to the development of methods and tools for the assistance with the design of the operational part of an education system and in particular al the transformation s y s t v leading to the increase of students competences. After having presented an assessment of the education systems by defining their perimeter, their operation and results, we specify the factors whch led us to worry us about operational processes of the education systems. In a second chapter, we specifi the steps whch we chose to adopt and we decline the whole of our method, associated to specific tools, which aims to the assistance to the design and the setting of formations. We move away from the logic of supply to migrate towards logic of demand. We propose an identification of constraints in education systems (resources with limited capaciîy, teachmg coherence, unavailability of resources, competences and aptitudes of the resources, etc.) In a third part, we illustrate our concept by applying methods and tools developed with a practical case. Lastly, we conclude on the scientific contribution made up by t h work and open the way towards rnany prospects, the field of the engineering of the formation being still to its beginnings
Trillaud, Fabrice. "Architecture pour le contrôle des interactions et le pilotage d’une application interactive multi-utilisateurs à exécution adaptative : application à un environnement de FOAD". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS414/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur works focus on the conception and development of an interactive and adaptive multi-users environment. We define mechanisms to handle distant interactions and adaptive execution in a generic scope, and the methodology to apply those mechanisms to a given domain. We use this methodology to produce a prototype environment dedicated to distant and semi-distant learning. One key aspect of our approach is the concept of transactional distance, which represent the distance that users feel when taking part into distant interaction. Our main objective is to reduce this distance through the conception of an environment that can allow us to impact each of the three elements defining it : dialogue, structure, and independence. Enhancing the dialogue means offering more various communication means, and improving their quality. Enhancing the structure means offering more flexibility. Finally, enhancing the independence means allowing users to divert from the structure. To achieve that, we propose to combine technologies from various domains such as interactive storytelling, context-awareness, and misunderstandings handling, to build a model for the conception of interactive scenarios. It consists in splitting interaction sequences into activity units, and building up scenarios from these units. One unit is called a situation, it can be basic or composed of other situations. The interactive storytelling mechanisms allow us to drive the execution of such scenarios in an adaptive way, giving users the freedom to divert from the structure, while guaranteeing the overall coherence of the execution. Moreover, the context-awareness and the analysis of the executions allow us to evaluate the quality of a scenario, and thus make it evolve between sessions. We call this mechanism the scenario's life-cycle, and allows the scenarios to be constantly improved. Those mechanisms are presented through the development of a prototype e-learning environment. This prototype also contains several tools to enhance interactions. These tools are based on gesture, voice and context utilisation. They use principles inspired by social networks and gamification to offer varied interactions and promote knowledge sharing. The prototype we present comes with almost no hardware or software prerequisite, and is free of proprietary technology. We also present a comparative study about the main existing e-learning environment, to position our prototype, which is proposed as a complementary tool to existing learning management systems. Our prototype has been tested by a small number of users, and scalability has been tested through simulations. We are currently planning the use of our system in real-life situations
Huchette, Michaël. "Evaluation expérimentale de l'apport, pour une formation d'ingénieurs, d'un simulateur informatique en travaux pratiques de bureau d'études mécaniques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136872.
Pełny tekst źródłaCohard, Philippe. "Conception et évaluation d’un serious game pour le personnel des EHPAD". Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100138.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research concerns the design and evaluation of a Serious Game (SG) for the staff of nursing homes (France's EHPADs, homes for elderly dependent people). The needs for training this specific type of staff will have to increase merely because of population ageing. More and more organizations are using SGs for training staff. However, the academic knowledge on these artifacts remains limited. By analysing the learning theories in e-learning systems and SGs one can bring out their differences and complementarities. This research offers a constructivist approach to SGs. The analysis of professional practice by the activity theory and the co-conception through an iterative and a participative process take account of the principles derived from design science. The SG designed presents three scenarios representative of nursing homes' activities: the admission of a new resident, meal supervision and health care refusal. The SG's qualitative evaluation is achieved by observing the staff while they are making use of the SG (216 observations performed). The SG’s success depends on its multimedia features and more especially on the quality of its training content since the designed scenario involved multidisciplinary teams. Whatever their age, staff are happy about and much interested in this type of training. Against the results of SG literature, we point out the negative environmental effect of SG training for nursing homes staff. Our research also shows that IS (artifact) and HR (learning) evaluations are complementary and that they are both necessary. To conclude, the research makes proposals for further SG design and development
Leclercq, Gilles. "Formation de base en économie : Conception, réalisation, expérimentation et évaluation d'un outil collectif de formation : Ethique, ingeniérie et pédagogie : Peut-on enseigner l'économie?" Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12008.
Pełny tekst źródłaLéger, Bertrand. "Recueil et formation de procédés experts pour conduire une protection intégrée du vignoble". Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsumption of phytopharmaceutics by French viticulture is high. Two fungal diseases, powdery mildew and downy mildew make up for 70% of the yearly pesticides spendings for that crop. As they can cause total destruction of the harvest these diseases are seen as pestilences by the growers. As of today, considering the risks, chemical protection is the sole efficient mean of protection. A Crop Health team (Santé Végétale in Bordeaux) has undertaken since 2001 to solve the difficult task of designing decisional pest management systems for the vineyard. Innovative systems have to demonstrate that, in conformance with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles, it is possible to produce high quality grape with a low number of fungicide treatments. The team achieves this by evaluating disease levels plot by plot and by structuring knowledge in what we call a Decision Workflow System (DeWS). The pathologists have adopted an iterative design scheme, interweaving design phases with plot scale experiments. At the end of the third iteration (2001 2003 2005) they felt the need for a more formalised approach. My task consisted in identifying, and, if required, creating the formal tools and methods that would allow the experts to ameliorate their design. The three following needs were stated: to be able to communicate the DeWS; to be able to evaluate its operational aspect; to make the DeWS reliable. The DeWS concept is a prescriptive approach, making decisions at the operational level, for which crop protection is seen as a process spanning over the whole season. Knowledge elicitation of the process was carried out using the discrete events system language Statechart. Statechart Diagrams have been used as the media between the expert designers and the knowledge engineer. This novel knowledge elicitation method is a research result on its own along with the resulting model of the Grapevine powdery and downy Mildew DecisionWorkflow System (GrapeMilDeWS) (POD Mildium in French). Two validation methods were designed to evaluate the quality of the elicited model and identify differences of behaviour between decision observed during the experiments and the model's simulations. The model has been validated against the data from two experiments (2005; 2006). It showed 85% decision similarity. This thesis highlights the advantages of the workflow management Engineering (using Statecharts) to analyse and design crop protection systems
Nadjafizadeh, Marjan. "Rapport à l’apprendre et développement d’une culture de recherche en formation médicale professionnalisante : l’effet du contexte pédagogique en médecine et en maïeutique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaApprehending the students' world cannot be undertaken without thinking about their ability to learn. How to be a student, the way to study and approaches as well as the variables that can affect the quality of learning have been studied for a considerable time. The way students conceptualise their learning, together with the study approaches specific to each profession could explain the learning style of individual students. It would be useful to investigate how students conceptualise their learning for university diplomas that lead to a degree as well as a professional qualification and normally require the undertaking of some research. We have explored the example of two health professions - medicine and midwifery. An interpretative comprehensive paradigm was used to understand the meaning given to the learning of research theory and practice by medical and midwifery students. Bearing in mind the meaning given by learners to their overall learning, to the more specific learning of research methodology as well as their perception of their learning environment, a typology of approaches has enabled the identification of various learning profiles for these students. The education to and by research does not occur at the same level in all learners. This study has found that the combination of an deep approach to learning, a positive perception of the study environment and an awareness of the usefulness of knowledge for its own sake all come into play and exercise an influence of their relation to learning. However, an appropriate teaching support also helps the learner better apprehend the meaning of learning and encourages reflection
Vacherand-Revel, Jacqueline. "Interaction cognitive et interface graphique : le cas de la conception/réalisation de logiciels multimédias de formation". Lyon 2, 1992. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1992/vacherand-revel_j.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the advent of micro-computers, computing underwent a major evolution which brought to the foreground the important problem of person-machine interaction. The interfaces developed, especially the graphical and spacial interfaces, created a whole new field for knowledge expression and an original space for users actions and interaction. Nevertheless, interacting with such interfaces raises specific question : can these interfaces sustain, even facilitate complex cognitive tasks not necessarily graphically oriented ? If so, what would be an appropriate modelling of this specific cognitive work that takes place when interacting in this different modalities? This problem was explored in the particular context of computer assisted learning (C. A. I) in adult training within a multimedia environnement field observations with a clinical approach took place during an ongoing interactive work situation, the main method consisting of verbal and non-verbal individual protocols. Analysis of the design-production activity of five experts in interaction resulted in circumscribing and exploring a specific cognitive space and in the proposal of a model of cognitive interaction, within the framework of a person-machine interaction, centered, not on the computer system, but on the user as subject
MICHEL, BERTRAND JUSTINE. "La formation des triples helices : conception et evaluation des derives quinazoliniques en substitution de la thymine". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30030.
Pełny tekst źródłaKasatkina, Olga. "Appropriation et utilisation des outils sémiotiques pour l’activité de conception innovante et la formation des ingénieurs". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere is an intensive growth of sociotechnical tools which are helpful for various tasks. These tools are becoming more and more visual, semiotic, graphic in contrast to written texts. A particularly appropriate domain for their use is individual or collaborative design. In the context of a project, graphical tools play a significant role both in the process of the development of a solution and in the representation of its result. Semiotic tools are widely used in scientific and technical training as well as in professional practice related to engineering. There are two types of graphical tools: some need to be taught, others are used without any training but call for tacit knowledge. In addition, there are tools for specific domains which can be utilized by other professions
Vacherand-Revel, Jacqueline Martin Robert. "Interaction cognitive et interface graphique le cas de la conception/réalisation de logiciels multimédias de formation /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1992/vacherand-revel_j.
Pełny tekst źródłaRebai, Issam. "Conception et développement d'une plate-forme permettant la capitalisation de composants logiciels pour les environnements d'apprentissage humain". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis relates to the problems of capitalization and re-use of the software components (SC) for educational proposes. It approaches four themes : SC, metadata, interactive learning environments (ILE) and the indexing. After a state of the art on SC, metadata schema, knowledge pool and tools for metadata capture, the thesis proposes a classification of SC in four categories: Teaching, Service, Technique and Factory as well as a metadata schema narned LSCM (Leaming Software Component Metadata) to describe them. Thereafter, it proposes a pattern to implement application profiles and to specify how must be the man-metadata interaction. Lastly, it presents a dynamic generator of forms as well as a repository named ECR (Educational Component Repository) to store SC used by community
Lapujade, Anne. "Définition d'un méta-modèle et préservation de son intégrité dans la méta-atelier de conception de systèmes de formation MATIF [Marchés à terme d'instruments financiers]". Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10001.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur goal is to design and to develop a meta-case (computer assisted software engineering) tool to design training systems. Our meta-case tool allows us to generate design tools based on a training system design method. To reach this goal, we developed a dual problematic : firstly we designed a method meta-model, specific to the educational domain that is based on three components (meta-concepts, meta-rules and metaformalisms) and secondly, we developed a complete set of rules concerning the method meta-model. These rules have three objectives : to ensure the designer's modelling integrity, to define the meta-case design process and to help the expert to use the meta-case tool
Bensebaa, Tahar. "Conception et réalisation d'un tuteur pour la formation en milieu industriel : Application à la gestion d'un didacticiel cimentier". Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoes the contribution of the CAT corresponds to the industrial world 'a expectation ? After having mentioned the reasons wich justify the use of a tutor for this type of training. We present the architecture retained. This tutorial intended to organize a teaching adapted to each student and for this has to enable the integration of multiples scenarii and pedagogical tools. This gives it the role of federation. In order to decide on the next scenario to execute, the tutor relies on a student model, on teaching objectives, on the history of the training session
Ineichen, Julien. "Le Workshop d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (W-AU) comme dispositif pédagogique pour la formation à la conception collaborative". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe complexity level of challenges that face contemporary societies requires the development of solutions based on combinations of skills from multiple actors. This collective intelligence emerges from the capacity of actors to carry out projects in which their actions are highly interdependent. The traditional pedagogical system faces structural limitations in training students in this interdependent practice that we characterize as collaborative design. Despite the fact that studio-based learning model is mostly used in an individual authoring approach, this singular system which typify the architecture studies for the last 300 years, reveal a highly collective learning process. In this thesis, we argue that the Design Charrette is an evolution of this model which, by reconfiguring some of its parameters, has become a proper approach for collaborative design. Through a historical and theoretical anchor of the Design Charrette, a typology of its contemporary practices, and through action research conducted within 3 specific cases, this research identifies the potential strengths and limitations of the Design Charrette as a model for training students in collaborative design. Among the findings, this work highlights some key actors roles and governance configurations proper to mediate the collaborative process. It draws attention that appropriability, exoticism and collective interaction of the system structures, are key factors to catalyse collaborative design process. Finally, this work point to the fact that, despite the widespread practice of the Design Charrette, its specifics settings need to be better known to support effectively collaborative design process
A complexidade dos desafios que as sociedades contemporâneas enfrentam requer a concepção de soluções baseadas na mobilização das habilidades de múltiplos atores. Esta inteligência coletiva emerge da capacidade desses atores conduzirem projetos nos quais suas ações são altamente interdependentes. No entanto, o sistema tradicional de ensino, que está baseado em uma lógica disciplinar de avaliação individual, encontra dificuldades para formar estudantes a este tipo de práticas de concepção colaborativa. Na paisagem da educação de nível superior, o ensino da Arquitetura distingue-se da abordagem disciplinar unversitária por utilizar o dispositivo do Atelier, que visa a aprendizagem de competências através de uma abordagem integrativa dos conhecimentos num processo de projeto. Este processo de aprendizagem por meio do projeto é também realizado em um ambiente particular, caracterizado por padrões espaciais, temporais, físicos e sociais singulares. Embora o sistema de avaliação seja feito da mesma forma que o modelo umiversitário tradicional, que é estruturado em função de um trabalho individual, este dispositivo pedagógico se difere em primeiro lugar, pela postura de autor que o aluno deve demonstrar, e em segundo lugar, pela dinâmica coletiva de aprendizagem que é implementado neste ambiente particular de fornação. A partir dessas constatações, defendemos a tese de que o Atelier de Arquitetura é um dispositivo pedagógico capaz de formar à concepção colaborativa, desde que alguns dos seus parâmetros sejam reconfigurados. Nesta perspectiva, nós identificamos o atelier intensivo de curta duração como uma evolução contemporânea do dispositivo do Atelier que, graças a uma concentração de alguns dos seus parâmetros (espaciais, temporais, físicos e sociais), tornou-se um lugar de experimentação concreta da prática e da aprendizagem da concepçãocolaborativa. Nessa pesquisa, nós usamos o acrônimo "W-AU" (Workshop de Arquitetura e Urbanismo) para falar do atelier intensivo de curta duração, a fim de distingui-lo de sua versão longa. Para defender esta tese, em primeiro lugar, nós definimos o atelier tradicional através de uma perspectiva histórica, além de analisarmos sua estrutura e seu funcionamento para então identificar como este dispositivo dialoga com a noção de concepção colaborativa. Em seguida, nós realizamos uma tipologia do W-AU, em função de suas diferentes práticas contemporâneas, para situar três estudos de caso a partir dos quais, nós descrevemos diferentes implementações da concepção colaborativa. Esta análise nos permite trazer à luz o papel-chave dos diferentes atores, da configuração da governança e da configuração dos parâmetros do ambiente, visando promover o processo de concepção colaborativa. Esta pesquisa consiste portanto em identificar as potencialidades e limitações oferecidos pelo W-AU para a formação à concepção colaborativa nos estudos de Arquitetura. Dada a diversidade das variáveis que estão em jogo na implementação deste ambiente colaborativo, a ambição desta contribuição não é propor um procedimento-padrão para a realização deste gênero de dispositivo, mas sim identificar e divulgar algumas ferramentas e estratégias sucetíveis de serem mobilizadas pelos atores da concepção colaborativa, visando facilitar e otimizar a sua abordagem
Bassil, Grappe Isabelle. "Conception et évaluation d'une formation de formateurs au français sur objectifs spécifiques à partir d'une approche sociolinguistique". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this action research training is to evaluate a methodology for training trainers in French for Specific Purposes (TTFSP) applied to the Lebanese context. To unlock oral expression of B2 level learners in a FSP course, this methodology has been designed by deepening the socio-cultural component of the action-oriented approach advocated in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The evaluation of this training was made from two interviews and two assessments carried out a year apart at the end of the course "French for management" by two different trainers and two groups of Lebanese learners with the same profile. Through the comparison of analysis of identities in trainers/learners interactions, with the first trainer who has succeeded and the second which has not been able to transfer this methodology with learners, we can plan for our next TTFSP to deepen the co-construction of the co-cultural competence (Puren, 2010). The development of the implicit of the target culture in needs analysis, the suggestion of descriptors about "mediation" (Coste, 2009) to manage the feeling of "linguistic security" (Calvet, 2009) and of "alter-action " (Coste, 2009) to co—act on identity strategies will help us in the next TTFSP to optimize to the maximum the capacity of the trainer to transfer this into the next trainings TTFSP. The learner may thus have more chance to unlock the processes that underlie the capacity corresponding to the descriptors of oral production at the B2 level of CEF R
Hassi, Abderrahman, i Abderrahman Hassi. "Influence de la culture nationale sur la conception de la formation du personnel en milieu de travail". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26726.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa présente thèse a pour but d’identifier des différences en matière de pratiques de conception de la formation du personnel dans quatre pays, à savoir l’Allemagne, le Canada, le Maroc et Singapour. Compte tenu de l’absence de modèle théorique liant la formation du personnel et la culture, un cadre opératoire a été élaboré pour supporter la présente recherche. Ce cadre comporte trois grandes catégories : 1) la variable indépendante (dimensions de la culture nationale de Hofstede) ; 2) la variable dépendante (conception de la formation); et 3) les variables de contrôle (poste du répondant ainsi que la taille, la culture, le statut et la syndicalisation de l’organisation du répondant). À la lumière des résultats de nos analyses, seule la dimension culturelle intitulée la « distance hiérarchique » a une incidence sur les pratiques de conception de la formation du personnel, à savoir la planification des objectifs, du contenu, des méthodes, de l’évaluation et du transfert de la formation à travers les quatre pays à l’étude. Les autres dimensions, soit l’évitement de l’incertitude, la masculinité-féminité et l’individualisme-collectivisme ne se sont pas avérées statistiquement significatives. Concernant les modes de participation des acteurs à la conception des activités de formation, les résultats révèlent que, dans les cultures à faible distance hiérarchique, la direction générale participe moins à la prise de décision. À l’opposé, dans les cultures à forte distance hiérarchique, la direction générale tend à décider seule sans consultation des autres acteurs des objets à portée stratégique de la formation. La formalisation de la démarche de conception de la formation ne varie en fonction d’aucune dimension culturelle. Enfin, les organisations appartenant à des cultures à forte distance hiérarchique laissent moins de latitude aux participants lors de la planification des activités de formation. Inversement, les organisations appartenant à des cultures à faible distance hiérarchique adoptent une démarche qui laisse plus de la latitude aux différents acteurs. Mots clés : conception de la formation du personnel; culture nationale, modèle de Hofstede; culture et conception de la formation.
The present thesis aims at identifying differences in designing employee training activities within public organizations across four countries, namely Canada, Germany, Morocco and Singapore. Given the lack of empirical literature on the subject and theoretical frameworks linking employee training and national culture, a research model was developed to guide the present study. This model is comprised of three major categories: 1) independent variable (Hofstede cultural dimensions); 2) dependent variable (designing employee training); and 3) control variables (respondents positions as well as size, culture, status and unionization of their organizations). In light of the findings, only the cultural dimension of power distance exerts influence on designing employee training practices across the four countries. The other three cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity and individualism-collectivism were not statistically significant in this regard. Concerning the modes of participation of organizational actors in designing employee training activities, the study results indicate that, in low power distance cultures, senior management participates less in the decision-making process. Conversely, in high power distance cultures, senior management tend to make decisions solely without consulting other organizational actors on training aspects of strategic importance. Formalization of the way the designing of employee training activities are carried out does not vary in light of any cultural dimension. Lastly, organizations belonging to high power distance cultures adopt an approach that grants less latitude to participants during the process of designing employee training activities. Conversely, organizations from low power distance cultures have the tendency to adopt an approach that accords more latitude to different actors. Keywords: designing employee training; national culture; Hofstede model; culture and training design.
The present thesis aims at identifying differences in designing employee training activities within public organizations across four countries, namely Canada, Germany, Morocco and Singapore. Given the lack of empirical literature on the subject and theoretical frameworks linking employee training and national culture, a research model was developed to guide the present study. This model is comprised of three major categories: 1) independent variable (Hofstede cultural dimensions); 2) dependent variable (designing employee training); and 3) control variables (respondents positions as well as size, culture, status and unionization of their organizations). In light of the findings, only the cultural dimension of power distance exerts influence on designing employee training practices across the four countries. The other three cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity and individualism-collectivism were not statistically significant in this regard. Concerning the modes of participation of organizational actors in designing employee training activities, the study results indicate that, in low power distance cultures, senior management participates less in the decision-making process. Conversely, in high power distance cultures, senior management tend to make decisions solely without consulting other organizational actors on training aspects of strategic importance. Formalization of the way the designing of employee training activities are carried out does not vary in light of any cultural dimension. Lastly, organizations belonging to high power distance cultures adopt an approach that grants less latitude to participants during the process of designing employee training activities. Conversely, organizations from low power distance cultures have the tendency to adopt an approach that accords more latitude to different actors. Keywords: designing employee training; national culture; Hofstede model; culture and training design.
Larouche, Véronique. "Conception, dispensation et évaluation d'une formation chez les infirmières de l'obstétrique en regard du soutien aux parturientes". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6922/1/030586117.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaYunda, Elena. "Conception de surfaces chimio-structurées pour l'étude de l'adhésion bactérienne et la formation contrôlée des biofilms bactériens". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria brings concerns, particularly in food and medical sectors, and is associated with high sanitary risks and economic losses. Biofilms of probiotic bacteria can potentially be used to prevent the surface contamination by pathogenic species. This work was focused on the investigation of the development of biofilms of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and the possible control of their formation by combining surface functionalisation and physico-chemical approaches. The effect of different environmental conditions on the kinetics of the biofilm growth and on its biochemical composition was analysed by in situ and real time measurements with infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) under flow conditions. These data were complemented by epifluorescence images providing information on the surface distribution and the shape of the bacterial cells at specific stages of the biofilm development. Compatible with ATR-FTIR measurements, a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal was chosen as a substrate, bare or functionalised with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). SAMs were formed from alkanethiols terminated by methyl (-CH3), hydroxyl (-OH) or amine (-NH2) groups to obtain hydrophobic, hydrophilic and positively charged substrates, respectively. The kinetics of self-assembly of the alkanethiols onto ZnSe, the organisation of the molecules, their areal density and the surface energy of thus obtained surfaces were studied preliminarily to the biofilm cultivation by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, high energy Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and contact angle measurements. The analysis of the ATR-FTIR spectra of LGG biofilms recorded in situ and in real time during 24 hours revealed an important role of the nutritive medium in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, phospholipids, polysaccharides and lactic acid. Substrate properties had low impact on the biochemical composition of LGG biofilms, but had a critical role in the strength of attachment of cultivated biofilms. The findings of this multidisciplinary work provide a fundamental understanding of how the direct environment, including a support surface, influences the properties of bacterial biofilms at the molecular and cellular scales, based on which favourable conditions for the enhancement of probiotic biofilm growth and its mechanical stability can be chosen
Yunda, Elena. "Conception de surfaces chimio-structurées pour l'étude de l'adhésion bactérienne et la formation contrôlée des biofilms bactériens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria brings concerns, particularly in food and medical sectors, and is associated with high sanitary risks and economic losses. Biofilms of probiotic bacteria can potentially be used to prevent the surface contamination by pathogenic species. This work was focused on the investigation of the development of biofilms of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and the possible control of their formation by combining surface functionalisation and physico-chemical approaches. The effect of different environmental conditions on the kinetics of the biofilm growth and on its biochemical composition was analysed by in situ and real time measurements with infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) under flow conditions. These data were complemented by epifluorescence images providing information on the surface distribution and the shape of the bacterial cells at specific stages of the biofilm development. Compatible with ATR-FTIR measurements, a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal was chosen as a substrate, bare or functionalised with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). SAMs were formed from alkanethiols terminated by methyl (-CH3), hydroxyl (-OH) or amine (-NH2) groups to obtain hydrophobic, hydrophilic and positively charged substrates, respectively. The kinetics of self-assembly of the alkanethiols onto ZnSe, the organisation of the molecules, their areal density and the surface energy of thus obtained surfaces were studied preliminarily to the biofilm cultivation by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, high energy Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and contact angle measurements. The analysis of the ATR-FTIR spectra of LGG biofilms recorded in situ and in real time during 24 hours revealed an important role of the nutritive medium in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, phospholipids, polysaccharides and lactic acid. Substrate properties had low impact on the biochemical composition of LGG biofilms, but had a critical role in the strength of attachment of cultivated biofilms. The findings of this multidisciplinary work provide a fundamental understanding of how the direct environment, including a support surface, influences the properties of bacterial biofilms at the molecular and cellular scales, based on which favourable conditions for the enhancement of probiotic biofilm growth and its mechanical stability can be chosen
Argentieri, Sylvain. "Conception d'un capteur sonore pour la localisation de source en robotique mobile". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148058.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalésys, Nicolas. "Modélisation probabiliste de formation de réseaux de fissures de fatigue thermique". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319993/fr/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThermal superficial crack networks have been detected in mixing zone of cooling system in nuclear power plants. Numerous experimental works have already been led to characterize initiation and propagation of these cracks. The random aspect of initiation led to propose a probabilistic model for the formation and propagation of crack networks in thermal fatigue. In a first part, uniaxial mechanical test were performed on smooth and slightly notched specimens in order to characterize the initiation of multiple cracks, their arrest due to obscuration and the coalescence phenomenon by recovery of amplification stress zones. In a second time, the probabilistic model was established under two assumptions : the continuous cracks initiation on surface, described by a Poisson point process law with threshold, and the shielding phenomenon which prohibits the initiation or the propagation of a crack if this one is in the relaxation stress zone of another existing crack. The crack propagation is assumed to follow a Paris’ law based on the computation of stress intensity factors at the top and the bottom of crack. The evolution of multiaxial cracks on the surface can be followed thanks to three quantities : the shielding probability, comparable to a damage variable of the structure, the initiated crack density, representing the total number of cracks per unit surface which can be compared to experimental observations, and the propagating crack density, representing the number per unit surface of active cracks in the network. The crack sizes distribution is also computed by the model allowing an easier comparison with experimental results
Bernad, Eric. "Conceptions et pratiques de l’accompagnement des formateurs auprès des professeurs des Écoles en formation spécialisée : un exemple de formation CAPA-SH option D en Val-de-Marne". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the aims of the CAPA-SH training (D2 option) alternately proposed in Val-de-Marne, is tofoster an attitude of reflective practitioner in future special education teachers. One of themethods adopted to achieve this is to offer these trainees an accompaniment by trainers on thetraining ground (professors of the IUFM and educational advisers). The purpose is to allow ananalysis of the professional practice within a specialized class.By integrating and combining systemic and clinical approaches, this doctoral researchinvestigates the organizing principles implemented within this professional relationship coaching,to identify postures trainers in connection with the objectives they aim.The analysis is based ontwo sources of data : - those from transcripts of semi-directive interviews that the researcher hasled with trainees and trainers ; - those corresponding to transcripts of analysis of professionalpractices experienced during the training year (2009/2010)
Abdallah, Ayman. "Contribution à l'étude d'une antenne adaptative et à la conception d'un démonstrateur". Limoges, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIMO4009.
Pełny tekst źródłaMbala, Hikolo Aloys. "Analyse, conception, spécification et développement d'un système multi-agents pour le soutien des activités en formation à distance". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000429.
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