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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Conidiation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 5 lutego 2022

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1

Berlin, V., and C. Yanofsky. "Protein changes during the asexual cycle of Neurospora crassa." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.839.

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A method for synchronizing conidiation and isolating large numbers of cells at discrete stages of conidia development is described. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein profiles of mycelia, aerial hyphae, and conidia and observed that the concentration of 14 polypeptides increase and 38 decrease during the asexual cycle. Twelve polypeptides were present in extracts of aerial hyphae or conidia, but not mycelia, suggesting that they may be conidiation specific. The protein profiles of mutants defective in conidiation were also analyzed. Differences were detected in

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2

Berlin, V., and C. Yanofsky. "Protein changes during the asexual cycle of Neurospora crassa." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.839-848.1985.

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A method for synchronizing conidiation and isolating large numbers of cells at discrete stages of conidia development is described. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein profiles of mycelia, aerial hyphae, and conidia and observed that the concentration of 14 polypeptides increase and 38 decrease during the asexual cycle. Twelve polypeptides were present in extracts of aerial hyphae or conidia, but not mycelia, suggesting that they may be conidiation specific. The protein profiles of mutants defective in conidiation were also analyzed. Differences were detected in

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3

Hao, R., and J. C. Schmit. "Cloning of the gene for glutamate decarboxylase and its expression during conidiation in Neurospora crassa." Biochemical Journal 293, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2930735.

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Neurospora crassa glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is produced during conidiation and stored in dormant conidia. Polyclonal antibody was generated to GAD that had been purified to homogeneity. The anti-GAD antibody was specific for N. crassa GAD and inhibited GAD activity. The level of GAD protein decreased during conidial germination, indicating that GAD was degraded during this phase of development. The anti-GAD antibody was used to isolate a cDNA clone of GAD from a lambda ZAP cDNA expression library. Escherichia coli containing a plasmid with the cDNA insert produced GAD activity. The cDNA cl

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4

Mah, Jae-Hyung, and Jae-Hyuk Yu. "Upstream and Downstream Regulation of Asexual Development in Aspergillus fumigatus." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 10 (October 2006): 1585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00192-06.

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ABSTRACT The opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus produces a large quantity of asexual spores (conidia), which are the primary agent causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. We investigated the mechanisms controlling asexual sporulation (conidiation) in A. fumigatus via examining functions of four key regulators, GpaA (Gα), AfFlbA (RGS), AfFluG, and AfBrlA, previously studied in Aspergillus nidulans. Expression analyses of gpaA, AfflbA, AffluG, AfbrlA, and AfwetA throughout the life cycle of A. fumigatus revealed that, while transcripts of AfflbA and AffluG a

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5

Correa, Alejandro, and Deborah Bell-Pedersen. "Distinct Signaling Pathways from the Circadian Clock Participate in Regulation of Rhythmic Conidiospore Development in Neurospora crassa." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 2 (April 2002): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.2.273-280.2002.

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ABSTRACT Several different environmental signals can induce asexual spore development (conidiation) and expression of developmentally regulated genes in Neurospora crassa. However, under constant conditions, where no environmental cues for conidiation are present, the endogenous circadian clock in N. crassa promotes daily rhythms in expression of known developmental genes and of conidiation. We anticipated that the same pathway of gene regulation would be followed during clock-controlled conidiation and environmental induction of conidiation and that the circadian clock would need only to cont

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6

Roncal, Tomás, Shandra Cordobés, Olov Sterner, and Unai Ugalde. "Conidiation in Penicillium cyclopium Is Induced by Conidiogenone, an Endogenous Diterpene." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 5 (October 2002): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.5.823-829.2002.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous fungus Penicillium cyclopium conidiates in the presence of calcium ions in submerged culture without nutrient limitation according to a precisely timed program. Conidiation could be prematurely induced in a nutritionally sufficient medium which had previously supported growth, suggesting that a metabolite which influenced the process was produced. A diterpenoid with conidiation-inducing activity, conidiogenone, was purified from the culture medium, along with conidiogenol, a putative derivative with delayed activity. Contrary to previous thought, the presence of calciu

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7

Roncal, Tomás, and Unai Ugalde. "Conidiation induction in Penicillium." Research in Microbiology 154, no. 8 (October 2003): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00168-2.

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8

Pažoutová, Sylvie, Miroslav Kolařík, and Renata Kolínská. "Pleomorphic conidiation in Claviceps." Mycological Research 108, no. 2 (February 2004): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756203009067.

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9

Betina, V. "Photoinduced conidiation inTrichoderma viride." Folia Microbiologica 40, no. 3 (May 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814196.

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10

Hanlin, Richard T. "Microcycle conidiation–A review." Mycoscience 35, no. 1 (April 1994): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02268539.

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11

Khurana, N., R. K. Saxena, R. Gupta, and R. C. Kuhad. "Light-independent conidiation in Trichoderma spp.: a novel approach to microcycle conidiation." World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (May 1993): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00383079.

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12

Friedl, Martina A., Christian P. Kubicek, and Irina S. Druzhinina. "Carbon Source Dependence and Photostimulation of Conidiation in Hypocrea atroviridis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 1 (November 2, 2007): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02068-07.

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ABSTRACT Hypocrea atroviridis is frequently used as a photomorphogenetic model due to its ability to conidiate upon exposure to light. Light is thereby believed to be the primary trigger for spore formation. In contrast, we show here that conidiation is primarily carbon source dependent and that illumination plays a catalytic role; of a total of 95 tested carbon sources, only a small set of carbohydrates, polyols, and sugar acids allowed conidiation in darkness, and on most of them, conidiation was significantly more strongly expressed in light. In addition, there are also a number of carbon s

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13

Twumasi-Boateng, Kwame, Yan Yu, Dan Chen, Fabrice N. Gravelat, William C. Nierman, and Donald C. Sheppard. "Transcriptional Profiling Identifies a Role for BrlA in the Response to Nitrogen Depletion and for StuA in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Clusters in Aspergillus fumigatus." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 1 (November 21, 2008): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00265-08.

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ABSTRACT Conidiation (asexual sporulation) is a key developmental process in filamentous fungi. We examined the gene regulatory roles of the Aspergillus fumigatus developmental transcription factors StuAp and BrlAp during conidiation. Conidiation was completely abrogated in an A. fumigatus ΔbrlA mutant and was severely impaired in a ΔstuA mutant. We determined the full genome conidiation transcriptomes of wild-type and ΔbrlA and ΔstuA mutant A. fumigatus and found that BrlAp and StuAp governed overlapping but distinct transcriptional programs. Six secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters wer

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14

Kothe, Gregory O., and Stephen J. Free. "The Isolation and Characterization of nrc-1 and nrc-2, Two Genes Encoding Protein Kinases That Control Growth and Development in Neurospora crassa." Genetics 149, no. 1 (May 1, 1998): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.1.117.

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Abstract Using an insertional mutagenesis approach, a series of Neurospora crassa mutants affected in the ability to control entry into the conidiation developmental program were isolated. One such mutant, GTH16-T4, was found to lack normal vegetative hyphae and to undergo constitutive conidiation. The affected gene has been named nrc-1, for nonrepressible conidiation gene #1. The nrc-1 gene was cloned from the mutant genomic DNA by plasmid rescue, and was found to encode a protein closely related to the protein products of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE11 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe byr2

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15

Kamp, Andrena M., and Michael J. Bidochka. "Protein analysis in a pleomorphically deteriorated strain of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-074.

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Pleomorphic deterioration is a process where a fungal isolate loses the ability to produce conidia during repeated subculturing. We have previously isolated strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae that have irreversibly lost the ability to produce conidia and only produce mycelia when grown on agar. Gel electrophoresis was used to examine differences in intracellular protein patterns (urea-soluble proteins and urea-insoluble proteins (i.e., hydrophobins)) in conidiating and mycelial cultures of M. anisopliae. Two major proteins present in a conidiating culture and one fro

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16

Yamashiro, C. T., D. J. Ebbole, B. U. Lee, R. E. Brown, C. Bourland, L. Madi, and C. Yanofsky. "Characterization of rco-1 of Neurospora crassa, a pleiotropic gene affecting growth and development that encodes a homolog of Tup1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 11 (November 1996): 6218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.11.6218.

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The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa undergoes a well-defined developmental program, conidiation, that culminates in the production of numerous asexual spores, conidia. Several cloned genes, including con-10, are expressed during conidiation but not during mycelial growth. Using a previously described selection strategy, we isolated mutants that express con-10 during mycelial growth. Selection was based on expression of an integrated DNA fragment containing the con-10 promoter-regulatory region followed by the initial segment of the con-10 open reading frame fused in frame with the bacteri

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17

Li, Bo, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Guoqing Li, Mahammad Imran Hamid, and Xianhong Yi. "Cyclic GMP as a Second Messenger in the Nitric Oxide-Mediated Conidiation of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (March 5, 2010): 2830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02214-09.

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ABSTRACT Understanding signaling pathways that modulate conidiation of mitosporic fungi is of both practical and theoretical importance. The enzymatic origin of nitric oxide (NO) and its roles in conidiation by the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans were investigated. The activity of a nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) enzyme was detected in C. minitans as evidenced by the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline. Guanylate cyclase (GC) activity was also detected indirectly in C. minitans with the GC-specific inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), which signifi

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18

Yager, Lawrence N., Hyung-Ok Lee, Deborah L. Nagle, and John E. Zimmerman. "Analysis of fluG Mutations That Affect Light-Dependent Conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans." Genetics 149, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.4.1777.

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Abstract Conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans is induced by exposure to red light but can also be induced by blue light in certain mutant strains. We have isolated a mutation in the fluG gene that abolishes responsiveness to red light but does not affect the response to blue light. It has been shown that the veA1 (velvet) mutation allows conidiation to occur in the absence of light. We have identified three other fluG mutations that suppress the veA1 phenotype; these double mutants do not conidiate in the dark. The mutations described here define two new phenotypic classes of fluG alleles that

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19

Suzuki, Sakura, Satoshi Katagiri, and Hideaki Nakashima. "Mutants With Altered Sensitivity to a Calmodulin Antagonist Affect the Circadian Clock in Neurospora crassa." Genetics 143, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.3.1175.

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Abstract Two newly isolated mutant strains of Neurospora crassa, cpz-1 and cpz-2, were hypersensitive to chlorpromazine with respect to mycelial growth but responded differently to the drug with respect to the circadian conidiation rhythm. In the wild type, chlorpromazine caused shortening of the period length of the conidiation rhythm. Pulse treatment with the drug shifted the phase and inhibited light-induced phase shifting in Neurospora. By contrast to the wild type, the cpz-2 strain was resistant to these inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine. Inhibition of cpz-2 function by chlorpromazine

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20

Kays, Ann M., Patricia S. Rowley, Rudeina A. Baasiri та Katherine A. Borkovich. "Regulation of Conidiation and Adenylyl Cyclase Levels by the Gα Protein GNA-3 in Neurospora crassa". Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, № 20 (15 жовтня 2000): 7693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.20.7693-7705.2000.

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ABSTRACT We have identified a new gene encoding the G protein α subunit,gna-3, from the filamentous fungusNeurospora crassa. The predicted amino acid sequence of GNA-3 is most similar to the Gα proteins MOD-D, MAGA, and CPG-2 from the saprophytic fungus Podospora anserina and the pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe grisea and Cryphonectria parasitica, respectively. Deletion of gna-3 leads to shorter aerial hyphae and premature, dense conidiation during growth on solid medium or in standing liquid cultures and to inappropriate conidiation in submerged culture. The conidiation and aerial hypha defects

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21

Mat’at’a, Matej, Helena Galádová, L’udovít Varečka, and Martin Šimkovič. "The study of intracellular and secreted high-molecular-mass protease(s) of Trichoderma spp., and their responses to conidiation stimuli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 9 (September 2019): 653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0670.

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We continued our study of high-molecular-mass proteases (HMMPs) using several strains of the genus Trichoderma, and other filamentous fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum, and Penicillium purpurogenum). We found that five Trichoderma strains secreted HMMPs into the media after induction with bovine serum albumin. Botrytis cinerea and F. culmorum secreted proteases in the absence of inducer, while A. niger or P. purpurogenum did not secrete proteolytic activity (PA). The activity of HMMPs secreted by or intracellularly located in Trichoderma spp. represents the predomin

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22

Seo, Jeong-Ah, Yajun Guan, and Jae-Hyuk Yu. "Suppressor Mutations Bypass the Requirement of fluG for Asexual Sporulation and Sterigmatocystin Production in Aspergillus nidulans." Genetics 165, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.3.1083.

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Abstract Asexual sporulation (conidiation) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans requires the early developmental activator fluG. Loss of fluG results in the blockage of both conidiation and production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST). To investigate molecular mechanisms of fluG-dependent developmental activation, 40 suppressors of fluG (SFGs) that conidiate without fluG have been isolated and characterized. Genetic analyses showed that an individual suppression is caused by a single second-site mutation, and that all sfg mutations but one are recessive. Pairwise meiotic crosses

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23

Jung, Boknam, Soyeon Kim, and Jungkwan Lee. "Microcyle Conidiation in Filamentous Fungi." Mycobiology 42, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5941/myco.2014.42.1.1.

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24

Latgé, J. P., R. L. Cabrera Cabrera, and M. C. Prévost. "Microcycle conidiation in Hirsutella thompsonii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-103.

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A fermenter method for producing conidiospores of the acarine pathogen, Hirsutella thompsonii, was developed using a strain able to produce microcycle conidiation in submerged culture. The morphological changes occurring during microcycle formation were followed under electron microscopy. Growth and sporulation patterns of the fungus were examined in batch culture. An average of 2–5 × 108 spores/mL was obtained after 3 days of growth.

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25

Son, Hokyoung, Myung-Gu Kim, Kyunghun Min, Jae Yun Lim, Gyung Ja Choi, Jin-Cheol Kim, Suhn-Kee Chae, and Yin-Won Lee. "WetA Is Required for Conidiogenesis and Conidium Maturation in the Ascomycete Fungus Fusarium graminearum." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00220-13.

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ABSTRACTFusarium graminearum, a prominent fungal pathogen that infects major cereal crops, primarily utilizes asexual spores to spread disease. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying conidiogenesis inF. graminearum, we functionally characterized theF. graminearumortholog ofAspergillus nidulanswetA, which has been shown to be involved in conidiogenesis and conidium maturation. Deletion ofF. graminearumwetAdid not alter mycelial growth, sexual development, or virulence, but thewetAdeletion mutants produced longer conidia with fewer septa, and the conidia were sensitive to acute stress

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Krüger, Miriam, and Reinhard Fischer. "Isolation of Two apsA Suppressor Strains in Aspergillus nidulans." Genetics 144, no. 2 (October 1, 1996): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.2.533.

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Abstract Aspergillus nidulans reproduces asexually with single nucleated conidia. In apsA (anucleate primary sterigmata) strains, nuclear positioning is affected and conidiation is greatly reduced. To get further insights into the cellular functions of apSA, aconidial apsA strains were mutagenized and conidiating suppressor strains were isolated. The suppressors fell into two complementation groups, samA and samB (suppressor of anucleate metulae). samA mapped on linkage group I close to pyrG. The mutant allele was dominant in diploids homozygous for apsA. Viability of conidia of samA suppresso

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27

Sigl, Claudia, Hubertus Haas, Thomas Specht, Kristian Pfaller, Hubert Kürnsteiner, and Ivo Zadra. "Among Developmental Regulators, StuA but Not BrlA Is Essential for Penicillin V Production inPenicillium chrysogenum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 3 (December 10, 2010): 972–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01557-10.

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ABSTRACTIn filamentous fungi, secondary metabolism is often linked with developmental processes such as conidiation. In this study we analyzed the link between secondary metabolism and conidiation in the main industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin, the ascomycetePenicillium chrysogenum. Therefore, we generated mutants defective in two central regulators of conidiation, the transcription factors BrlA and StuA. Inactivation of eitherbrlAorstuAblocked conidiation and altered hyphal morphology during growth on solid media, as shown by light and scanning electron microscopy, but

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Chang, Perng-Kuang, Leslie L. Scharfenstein, Brian Mack, and Kenneth C. Ehrlich. "Deletion of the Aspergillus flavus Orthologue ofA. nidulans fluGReduces Conidiation and Promotes Production of Sclerotia but Does Not Abolish Aflatoxin Biosynthesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 21 (August 17, 2012): 7557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01241-12.

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ABSTRACTThefluGgene is a member of a family of genes required for conidiation and sterigmatocystin production inAspergillus nidulans. We examined the role of theAspergillus flavus fluGorthologue in asexual development and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Deletion offluGinA. flavusyielded strains with an approximately 3-fold reduction in conidiation but a 30-fold increase in sclerotial formation when grown on potato dextrose agar in the dark. The concurrent developmental changes suggest thatA. flavusFluG exerts opposite effects on a mutual signaling pathway for both processes. The altered conidial devel

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Liu, Shaohua, та Ralph A. Dean. "G Protein α Subunit Genes Control Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, № 9 (грудень 1997): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.9.1075.

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Three G protein α subunit genes have been cloned and characterized from Magnaporthe grisea: magA is very similar to CPG-2 of Cryphonectria parasitica; magB is virtually identical to CPG-1 of Cryphonectria parasitica, to gna1 of Neurospora crassa, and to fadA of Emericella nidulans; and magC is most similar to gna2 of Neurospora crassa. Homologous recombination resulting in targeted deletion of magA had no effect on vegetative growth, conidiation, or appressorium formation. Deletion of magC reduced conidiation, but did not affect vegetative growth or appressorium formation. However, disruption

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Hou, Xingrong, Bang An, Qiannan Wang, Yunfeng Guo, Hongli Luo, and Chaozu He. "SGE1 is involved in conidiation and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 2018): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0638.

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The ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4 (Foc TR4) causes vascular wilt diseases in banana (Musa spp.). In the present study, the role of SGE1 in regulating growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of Foc TR4 was investigated. Deletion of SGE1 did not influence vegetative growth but impaired the conidiation of Foc TR4. Besides, the SGE1 deletion mutant basically lost pathogenicity on banana plantlets. Observation under the microscope indicated that the penetration and colonization processes were severely impaired in the SGE1 deletion mutant. Proteomics analysis suggested tha

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Mooney, J. L., D. E. Hassett, and L. N. Yager. "Genetic analysis of suppressors of the veA1 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans." Genetics 126, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.4.869.

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Abstract Light-dependent conidiation in the filamentous ascomycete, Aspergillus nidulans, is contingent on the allelic state of the velvet (veA) gene. Light dependence is abolished by a mutation in this gene (veA1), which allows conidiation to occur in the absence of light. We have isolated and characterized six extragenic suppressors of veA1 that restore the light-dependent conidiation phenotype. Alleles of four genes, defined by complementation tests, were subjected to extensive genetic and phenotypic analysis. The results of light-dark shifting experiments and the phenotypes of double mutan

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Iida, Y., T. Kurata, Y. Harimoto, and T. Tsuge. "Nitrite Reductase Gene Upregulated During Conidiation Is Involved in Macroconidium Formation in Fusarium oxysporum." Phytopathology® 98, no. 10 (October 2008): 1099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-10-1099.

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Fusarium oxysporum produces three kinds of asexual spores, microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores. We previously found that the transcript level of the nitrite reductase gene of F. oxysporum, named FoNIIA, was markedly upregulated during conidiation compared with during vegetative growth. FoNIIA was also found to be positively regulated by Ren1 that is a transcription regulator controlling development of microconidia and macroconidia. In this study, we analyzed the function of FoNIIA in conidiation of F. oxysporum. Conidiation cultures showed markedly higher level of accumulation of Fo

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Nižnanský, Ľuboš, Ľudovít Varečka, and Svetlana Kryštofová. "Disruption of GABA shunt affects Trichoderma atroviride response to nutritional and environmental stimuli." Acta Chimica Slovaca 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2016-0019.

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Abstract The fungus Trichoderma atroviride is a member of the genus Trichoderma to which belong many species known for high cellulase production, formation of various antibiotics, plant biocontrol and antagonistic activities against other fungi. Deletion of T. atroviride glutamate decarboxylase gene gad caused minor defects in germination, hyphal branching, slower growth and disruption of conidiation pattern. GABA can be used by fungi as a secondary carbon source and as a primary nitrogen source. We analyzed the effect of different nutrient compositions and environmental conditions (light and

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Onai, Kiyoshi, and Hideaki Nakashima. "Mutation of the cys-9 Gene, Which Encodes Thioredoxin Reductase, Affects the Circadian Conidiation Rhythm in Neurospora crassa." Genetics 146, no. 1 (May 1, 1997): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.1.101.

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Ten cysteine auxotrophs of Neurospora crassa were examined with regard to the period lengths of their circadian conidiation rhythms. One of the these cysteine auxotrophs, cys-9, showed dramatic changes in the circadian conidiation rhythm. At 10 μm methionine, the cys-9 mutant had a period length that was 5 hr shorter than that of the wild-type strain during the first 3 days after transfer to continuous darkness. At this concentration of methionine, the period length was unstable after the fourth day and varied widely from 11 to 31 hr. In contrast, other cysteine auxotrophs did not show such in

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Thompson, Seona, Nirvana J. Croft, Antonis Sotiriou, Hugh D. Piggins, and Susan K. Crosthwaite. "Neurospora crassa heat shock factor 1 Is an Essential Gene; a Second Heat Shock Factor-Like Gene, hsf2, Is Required for Asexual Spore Formation." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 9 (June 27, 2008): 1573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00427-07.

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ABSTRACT Appropriate responses of organisms to heat stress are essential for their survival. In eukaryotes, adaptation to high temperatures is mediated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs). HSFs regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, which function as molecular chaperones assisting in protein folding and stability. In many model organisms a great deal is known about the products of hsf genes. An important exception is the filamentous fungus and model eukaryote Neurospora crassa. Here we show that two Neurospora crassa genes whose protein products share similarity to known HSFs p

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Bacon, Charles W., and Dorothy M. Hinton. "Microcyclic Conidiation Cycles in Epichloe typhina." Mycologia 83, no. 6 (November 1991): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760431.

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Lapaire, Carrie L., and Larry D. Dunkle. "Microcycle Conidiation in Cercospora zeae-maydis." Phytopathology® 93, no. 2 (February 2003): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.2.193.

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Conidia of Cercospora zeae-maydis are the primary inoculum causing gray leaf spot of maize. On nutrient-deficient substrates, but not on water on the leaf surface, conidia germinate and develop secondary conidia on conidiophores produced from germ tubes or conidial cells. A population of conidia increases its numbers more than twofold by 2 days on the surface of a water droplet and by fourfold on trichomes. This microcycle conidiation is suppressed by hydrogen peroxide and ammonium compounds but not by nitrate compounds, amino acids, or simple sugars. Microcycle conidiation is sensitive to α-a

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Bacon, Charles W., and Dorothy M. Hinton. "Microcyclic Conidiation Cycles in Epichloe Typhina." Mycologia 83, no. 6 (November 1991): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1991.12026079.

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Nakashima, Hideaki, and Kiyoshi Onai. "The circadian conidiation rhythm inNeurospora crassa." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 7, no. 6 (December 1996): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/scdb.1996.0094.

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Wakefield, Laura, David M. Gadoury, Robert C. Seem, Michael G. Milgroom, Qi Sun, and Lance Cadle-Davidson. "Differential Gene Expression During Conidiation in the Grape Powdery Mildew Pathogen, Erysiphe necator." Phytopathology® 101, no. 7 (July 2011): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-10-0295.

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Asexual sporulation (conidiation) is coordinately regulated in the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator but nothing is known about its genetic regulation. We hypothesized that genes required for conidiation in other fungi would be upregulated at conidiophore initiation or full conidiation (relative to preconidiation vegetative growth and development of mature ascocarps), and that the obligate biotrophic lifestyle of E. necator would necessitate some novel gene regulation. cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 45 selective primer combinations produced ≈1,600 transc

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Tong, Sen-Miao, Ding-Yi Wang, Qing Cai, Sheng-Hua Ying, and Ming-Guang Feng. "Opposite Nuclear Dynamics of Two FRH-Dominated Frequency Proteins Orchestrate Non-Rhythmic Conidiation in Beauveria bassiana." Cells 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030626.

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Non-rhythmic conidiation favors large-scale production of conidia serving as active ingredients of fungal insecticides, but its regulatory mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that two FREQUENCY (FRQ) proteins (Frq1/2) governed by a unique FRQ-interacting RNA helicase (FRH) orchestrate this valuable trait in Beauveria bassiana, an asexual insect-pathogenic fungus. Frq1 (964 aa) and Frq2 (583 aa) exhibited opposite expression dynamics (rhythms) in nucleus and steadily high expression levels in cytoplasm under light or in darkness no matter whether one of them was present or absent. Such opposi

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Šimkovič, Martin, Peter Ditte, Anita Kurucová, Boris Lakatoš, and L’udovít Varečka. "Ca2+-dependent induction of conidiation in submerged cultures of Trichoderma viride." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 4 (April 2008): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-001.

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The presence of Ca2+ (up to 0.1 mol/L) in the cultivation media was found to induce the formation of conidia in submerged mycelia of Trichoderma viride in a concentration-dependent manner. Ca2+ dramatically stimulated conidiation after 70 h of cultivation. The effect was present in the dark, and illumination stimulated it only marginally. Low (less than 100 μmol/L) Ca2+ concentrations induced the formation of chlamydospores. Sr2+ could substitute Ca2+ in conidiogenesis with lower efficiency (almost 2 orders of magnitude), while the efficiency of Mg2+, Mn2+, or Ba2+ was lower by almost 3 orders

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Jørgensen, Thomas R., Kristian F. Nielsen, Mark Arentshorst, JooHae Park, Cees A. van den Hondel, Jens C. Frisvad, and Arthur F. Ram. "Submerged Conidiation and Product Formation by Aspergillus niger at Low Specific Growth Rates Are Affected in Aerial Developmental Mutants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 15 (June 7, 2011): 5270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00118-11.

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ABSTRACTExposure to an aerial environment or severe nutrient limitation induces asexual differentiation in filamentous fungi. Submerged cultivation ofAspergillus nigerin carbon- and energy-limited retentostat cultures both induces and fuels conidiation. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses have revealed that this differentiation strongly affects product formation. Since conidiation is inherent in the aerial environment, we hypothesized that product formation near zero growth can be influenced by affecting differentiation or development of aerial hyphae in general. To investigate this idea

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Kwon, Nak-Jung, Hee-Soo Park, Seunho Jung, Sun Chang Kim, and Jae-Hyuk Yu. "The Putative Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor RicA Mediates Upstream Signaling for Growth and Development in Aspergillus." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 11 (September 21, 2012): 1399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00255-12.

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ABSTRACTHeterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) govern growth, development, and secondary metabolism in various fungi. Here, we characterizedricA, which encodes a putative GDP/GTP exchange factor for G proteins in the model fungusAspergillus nidulansand the opportunistic human pathogenAspergillus fumigatus. In both species,ricAmRNA accumulates during vegetative growth and early developmental phases, but it is not present in spores. The deletion ofricAresults in severely impaired colony growth and the total (forA. nidulans) or near (forA. fumigatus) absence of asexual sporulation (conidiation).

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Roberts, A. N., V. Berlin, K. M. Hager, and C. Yanofsky. "Molecular analysis of a Neurospora crassa gene expressed during conidiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 6 (June 1988): 2411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.6.2411.

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The asexual developmental pathway in the life cycle of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa culminates in the formation of spores called conidia. Several clones of genomic Neurospora DNA have been isolated that correspond to mRNA species expressed during conidiation and not during mycelial growth (V. Berlin and C. Yanofsky, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:849-855, 1985). In this paper we describe the characterization of one of these clones, named pCon-10a. This clone contains two genes, con-10 and con-13, which are induced coordinately during the later stages of conidiation. The two genes are separated

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Takano, Yoshitaka, Kenichi Komeda, Kaihei Kojima, and Tetsuro Okuno. "Proper Regulation of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Required for Growth, Conidiation, and Appressorium Function in the Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (October 2001): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1149.

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Colletotrichum lagenarium, the casual agent of anthracnose of cucumber, forms specialized infection structures, called appressoria, during infection. To evaluate the role of cAMP signaling in C. lagenarium, we isolated and functionally characterized the regulatory subunit gene of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The RPK1 gene encoding the PKA regulatory subunit was isolated from C. lagenarium by polymerase chain reaction-based screening. rpk1 mutants, generated by gene replacement, exhibited high PKA activity during vegetative growth, whereas the wild-type strain had basal level activi

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Waller, Timothy J., Jennifer Vaiciunas, Christine Constantelos, and Peter V. Oudemans. "Evidence that Blueberry Floral Extracts Influence Secondary Conidiation and Appressorial Formation of Colletotrichum fioriniae." Phytopathology® 108, no. 5 (May 2018): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-17-0263-r.

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Blueberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae, is a pre- and postharvest disease of cultivated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). During disease development, the pathogen undergoes several lifestyle changes during host colonization, including epiphytic, quiescent, and necrotrophic phases. It is not clear, however, what if any host signals alter the pattern of colonization during the initial epiphytic phase and infection. This research investigated the role of blueberry floral extracts (FE) on fungal development. Results show that FE significantly increased both the quantity

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Roberts, A. N., V. Berlin, K. M. Hager, and C. Yanofsky. "Molecular analysis of a Neurospora crassa gene expressed during conidiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 6 (June 1988): 2411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.6.2411-2418.1988.

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The asexual developmental pathway in the life cycle of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa culminates in the formation of spores called conidia. Several clones of genomic Neurospora DNA have been isolated that correspond to mRNA species expressed during conidiation and not during mycelial growth (V. Berlin and C. Yanofsky, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:849-855, 1985). In this paper we describe the characterization of one of these clones, named pCon-10a. This clone contains two genes, con-10 and con-13, which are induced coordinately during the later stages of conidiation. The two genes are separated

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Etxebeste, Oier, Min Ni, Aitor Garzia, Nak-Jung Kwon, Reinhard Fischer, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Eduardo A. Espeso, and Unai Ugalde. "Basic-Zipper-Type Transcription Factor FlbB Controls Asexual Development in Aspergillus nidulans." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 1 (November 9, 2007): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00207-07.

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ABSTRACT The fungal colony is a complex multicellular unit consisting of various cell types and functions. Asexual spore formation (conidiation) is integrated through sensory and regulatory elements into the general morphogenetic plan, in which the activation of the transcription factor BrlA is the first determining step. A number of early regulatory elements acting upstream of BrlA (fluG and flbA-E) have been identified, but their functional relations remain to be further investigated. In this report we describe FlbB as a putative basic-zipper-type transcription factor restricted to filamento

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Shrode, Lori Bailey, Zachary A. Lewis, Lori D. White, Deborah Bell-Pedersen, and Daniel J. Ebbole. "vvd Is Required for Light Adaptation of Conidiation-Specific Genes of Neurospora crassa, but Not Circadian Conidiation." Fungal Genetics and Biology 32, no. 3 (April 2001): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.2001.1264.

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