Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Constructive Field Theory”

Esta tese trata a existência de Princpios de Grandes Desvios (PGD), no âmbito de sistemas fermiônicos em equilbrio. A motivação fsica detrás de nossos estudos são medidas experimentais de resistência elétrica de nanofios de silcio dopados com átomos de fósforo. Estas medidas mostram que efeitos quânticos no transporte de carga elétrica quase desaparecem para nanofios de comprimentos maiores que alguns nanômetros, mesmo para temperaturas muito baixas (4.2°K). A fim de provar matematicamente tal efeito, dividimos nosso trabalho em diversos passos: 1. No primeiro passo, para férmions não interagentes numa rede com desordem, mostramos que a incerteza quântica da densidade da corrente elétrica microscópica, em torno de seus valores macroscópicos(clássicos), é suprimida exponencialmente rápido em relação ao volume da região da rede onde um campo elétrico externo é aplicado. A desordem é modelada como um potencial elétrico aleatório juntamente com amplitudes aleatórias de saltos com valores complexos. O célebre modelo de Anderson de tight-binding é um exemplo particular do caso geral considerado aqui. Nossa análise matemática é baseada em estimativas de Combes-Thomas, o Teorema Ergódico de Akcoglu-Krengel e no formalismo de Grandes Desvios, em particular o Teorema de Gärtner-Ellis. 2. Em segundo lugar, provamos que, para férmions interagindo fracamente na rede, as funções geradoras J(s), s R de cumulantes de distribuições de probabilidades associadas com estados KMS pode ser escrito como o limite de logartmos de integrais gaussianas de Berezin. Mostramos que os determinantes das covariáncias associadas às integrais gaussianas são majorados uniformemente (via desigualdades de Hölder para normas Schatten). Tais covariâncias são também somáveis, em casos gerais de interesse, incluindo assim, sistemas que não são invariantes por translação. 3. No terceiro passo, analisamos expansões de logartmos de integrais gaussianas de Berezin, e assim combinando com métodos construtivos de teoria quântica de campos, mostramos a analiticidade de J(s) para s nas vizinhanças de 0. Finalmente, discutimos como combinar os passos 2-3, a fim de provar (matematicamente falando) os resultados experimentais mencionados acima para férmions interagindo em equilbrio. De fato, os resultados encontrados nesta tese, generalizam trabalhos prévios no âmbito do PGD usado para o estudo de sistemas quânticos.<br>This Thesis deals with the existence of Large Deviation Principles (LDP) in the scope of fermionic systems at equilibrium. The physical motivation beyond our studies are experimental measures of electric resistance of nanowires in silicon doped with phosphorus atoms. The latter demonstrate that quantum effects on charge transport almost disappear for nanowires of lengths larger than a few nanometers, even at very low temperature (4.2°K). In order to mathematically prove the latter, we divide our work in several steps: 1. In the first step, for noninteracting lattice fermions with disorder, we show that quantum uncertainty of microscopic electric current density around their (classical) macroscopic values is suppressed, exponentially fast with respect to the volume of the region of the lattice where an external electric field is applied. Disorder is modeled by a random external potential along with random, complex-valued, hopping amplitudes. The celebrated tight-binding Anderson model is one particular example of the general case considered here. Our mathematical analysis is based on Combes-Thomas estimates, the Akcoglu-Krengel ergodic theorem, and the large deviation formalism, in particular the Gärtner-Ellis theorem. 2. Secondly, we prove that for weakly interacting fermions on the lattice, the logarithm moment generating function J(s), s R of probability distributions associated with KMS states can be written as the limit of logarithms of Gaussian Berezin integrals. The covariances of the Gaussian integrals are shown to have a uniform determinant bound (via Hölder inequalities for Schatten norms) and to be summable in general cases of interest, including systems that are not translation invariant. 3. In the third step we analyze expansions of logarithms of Gaussian Berezin integrals, which combined with constructive methods of quantum field theory is useful to show the analyticity of J(s) for s in a neighborhood of 0. We finally discuss how to combine steps 2-3 in order to prove (mathematically speaking) for interacting fermions in equilibrium the experimental results above mentioned. In fact, the found results in this Thesis generalize previous works in the scope of LDP used to study quantum systems.

<p> My dissertation traces the genesis and growth of the Chinese emergency management organizational field over the ten-year period since the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak. I conducted my fieldwork in Beijing in 2012, using a multi-method approach that involved interviews, participant observation, and analysis of archival materials. </p><p> I found that governing elites and academic experts within the emerging field&mdash;what I call the "establishment"&mdash;relied upon insider cultural knowledge (e.g., myths) and party-state ideologies (e.g., communist folklore) to legitimize a new risk governance framework and create an emergency management policy domain separate from existing domains. The emergency management establishment enabled these legitimizing claims through its embedded position in government and academia. By using a strategy of <i>curation,</i> it carefully (re)assembled culturally-accepted accounts and ideas, both indigenous and adapted from afar, to create its claims. By becoming <i>institutional evangelists,</i> academic experts in particular entrenched the risk governance framework and propagated the ideas that helped form the field by advocating, advising, and training government officials through multiple field organizational entities. </p><p> By also incorporating Foucault's concept of governmentality, I found that the legitimacy project conducted by the establishment consisted of shaping the conduct of emergency management government officials according to its own risk governance framework. This expands current Foucauldian studies on governmentality by highlighting that not only the general population but also elites can be subjected to governmentalization. It also provides a more nuanced reading of the "hollowing of the state" thesis by highlighting how the Chinese party-state strengthened its role as the legitimate emergency manager by including the civil society and the private sector, albeit in lesser roles. </p><p> My findings draw attention to the foundational quality of cognitive legitimacy vis-&agrave;-vis pragmatic and moral legitimacy, an area which has received scant discussion in the neoinstitutional literature. It also informs the understudied topic of the interrelated influences of power relations, ideas, and experts on emerging organizational field formation within neoinstitutional theory, especially in a non-Western context. Finally, my research updates current understanding of national emergency management policies in the international arena, and especially in China.</p>

For K a cubic field with only one real embedding and α, β ϵ K, we show how to construct an increasing sequence {m_n} of positive integers and a subsequence {ψ_n} such that (for some constructible constants γ₁, γ₂ > 0): max{ǁm_nαǁ,ǁm_nβǁ} < [(γ₁)/(m_n^(¹/²))] and ǁψ_nαǁ < γ₂/[ψ_n^(¹/²) log ψ_n] for all n. As a consequence, we have ψ_nǁψ_nαǁǁψ_nβǁ < [(γ₁ γ₂)/(log ψ_n)] for all n, thus giving an effective proof of Littlewood's conjecture for the pair (α, β). Our proofs are elementary and use only standard results from algebraic number theory and the theory of continued fractions.

In this thesis we study Ax-Schanuel type inequalities for abstract differential equations. A motivating example is the exponential differential equation. The Ax-Schanuel theorem states positivity of a predimension defined on its solutions. The notion of a predimension was introduced by Hrushovski in his work from the 1990s where he uses an amalgamation-with-predimension technique to refute Zilber's Trichotomy Conjecture. In the differential setting one can carry out a similar construction with the predimension given by Ax-Schanuel. In this way one constructs a limit structure whose theory turns out to be precisely the first-order theory of the exponential differential equation (this analysis is due to Kirby (for semiabelian varieties) and Crampin, and it is based on Zilber's work on pseudo-exponentiation). One says in this case that the inequality is adequate. Thus, by an Ax-Schanuel type inequality we mean a predimension inequality for a differential equation. Our main question is to understand for which differential equations one can find an adequate predimension inequality. We show that this can be done for linear differential equations with constant coefficients by generalising the Ax-Schanuel theorem. Further, the question turns out to be closely related to the problem of recovering the differential structure in reducts of differentially closed fields where we keep the field structure (which is quite an interesting problem in its own right). So we explore that question and establish some criteria for recovering the derivation of the field. We also show (under some assumptions) that when the derivation is definable in a reduct then the latter cannot satisfy a non-trivial adequate predimension inequality. Another example of a predimension inequality is the analogue of Ax-Schanuel for the differential equation of the modular j-function due to Pila and Tsimerman. We carry out a Hrushovski construction with that predimension and give an axiomatisation of the first-order theory of the strong Fra&iuml;ss&eacute; limit. It will be the theory of the differential equation of j under the assumption of adequacy of the predimension. We also show that if a similar predimension inequality (not necessarily adequate) is known for a differential equation then the fibres of the latter have interesting model theoretic properties such as strong minimality and geometric triviality. This, in particular, gives a new proof for a theorem of Freitag and Scanlon stating that the differential equation of j defines a trivial strongly minimal set.

In Part I, we investigate the principal series representations of the n-fold covering groups of the special linear group over a p-adic field. Such representations are constructed via the Stone-von Neumann theorem. We have three interrelated results. We first compute the K-types of these representations. We then give a complete set of reducibility points for the unramified principal series representations. Among these are the unitary unramified principal series representations, for which we further investigate the distribution of the K-types among its irreducible components. In Part II, we demonstrate another application of the Stone-von Neumann theorem. Namely, we present a lower bound for the minimal degree of a faithful representation of an adjoint Chevalley group over a quotient ring of a non-Archimedean local field.

The context of this research project is Eersterust, a suburb situated east of Pretoria. Eersterust is hallmarked by socio-economic contrast: While some people in the community live comfortable lives, other community-members endure poverty and hardship. Eersterust is plagued by socio-economical problems including unemployment, crime, substance abuse and gang-activity. Music Therapy was established in Eersterust in 2003 at a community-based centre called YDO (The National Youth Development Outreach). YDO facilitates the social rehabilitation of adolescents who are at risk of coming in conflict with the law or have already committed some sort of petty crime. When Music Therapy was introduced at YDO it was isolated from the rest of the organisation as well as from the broader community of Eersterust. The Music Therapist at YDO realised that she had to adapt her work in order for it to justly address the needs of the context. In the process of adaptation, Music Therapy became integrated within the organisation and currently works both with and within the broader community of Eersterust. The adaptation of the Music Therapy practice has lead to some unconventional practices of Music Therapy according to traditional Music Therapy discourse. These Music Therapy practices may be described from a Community Music Therapy angle. The aim of this research project is to analyse the narrative of the Music Therapist working within YDO/Eersterust in order to describe the practice of Music Therapy within this context from the angle of Community Music Therapy. The following research questions were addressed in this research study: <ol><li> How is Community Music Therapy at Eersterust constructed in the context of a Music Therapy narrative? </li> <li>How does the narrative draw from and contribute to the emerging field of Community Music Therapy?</li></ol> The study is conducted within a qualitative paradigm and methods of narrative analysis were used to describe the practice of Music Therapy in the context of YDO/Eersterust. The research study is data-driven and raw data consisted of a single semi-structured interview conducted with the Music Therapist working at YDO. The narrative text was transcribed, coded and categorized. From the analysis process themes emerged that indicated the primacy of the context in influencing the construction of the narrative of the Music Therapist. These themes were used to answer the two pertaining research questions. The discussion focuses on the importance of the context as it seems to impinge directly on the Music Therapy practice within the context of YDO/Eersterust. The discussion draws from Social Construction Theory to explain how Community Music Therapy is constructed within the narrative of the Music Therapist. At the same time Community Music Therapy draws from and contributes to the narrative of the Music Therapist. Certain areas of discussion were highlighted in the emerging themes and these areas are used to describe Community Music Therapy within the context of YDO/Eersterust. In this research project the Consensus Model is presented as a contrasting thinking tool to Community Music Therapy discourse. The Consensus Model describes the standardised practice of Music Therapy as a neutral and transferable therapeutic model that can be applied in a similar way in all contexts while Community Music Therapy advocates context-bound and context-specific Music Therapy work with and within communities. Community Music Therapy implies that Music Therapy is not necessarily a neutral model that can be transferred from one context to the next. Areas may exist where Community Music Therapy and the Consensus Model may present different opinions regarding Music Therapy practice. The narrative data concludes that both Community Music Therapy and the Consensus Model are constructed within the narrative of the Music Therapist. Both these models exist simultaneously in the context of YDO/Eersterust. Music Therapy in South Africa is still an emerging field of practice. Community Music Therapy may be especially relevant to South Africa as Music Therapists are increasingly called upon to work in the contexts of socio-economically disadvantaged communities, similar to Eersterust. Whilst this study may have focused only on a single community in South Africa, my hope is that it will encourage Music Therapists in South Africa to review and research Music Therapy with and within communities in South Africa. This study will also contribute to the emerging discourse of Community Music Therapy.<br>Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005.<br>Music<br>Unrestricted

This paper is a by-product of a minor field study conducted in Zanzibar, Tanzaniaduring eight consecutive weeks in early 2019. The purpose of the study was to examinehow colorism affects women’s identity and ethnicity construction through the researchquestions; how do women in Zanzibar experience colorism in their daily lives and; howdoes colorism affect their self-perception? The data was collected through seven semi-structured interviews with women in Zanzibar and observations. The concepts of identity and ethnicity saturated the study and the identity process theory (IPT) was used as a theoretical framework to analyze the inquiry. The findings suggest that colorist ideals were dominant in society as light and medium colors were more valued than dark. This was demonstrated by associating light and medium skin color, as well as relaxed and straight hair to “good” and “beautiful”. However, colorism proved to impact women in their daily lives to various degrees. Informants who grew up on the mainland admitted to being more affected and expressed feelings of unworthiness or praise, depending on skin color. Whereas women born and raised on Zanzibar, felt colorism affected their lives minimally, but nevertheless acknowledged the existing problems for many women of e.g. skin bleaching. According to the IPT, a strong sense of distinctiveness from mainlanders, a continuity in past and present identity and a highself-efficacy seemed to guard self-esteem against existing colorist ideals. Furthermore, inclusion to the Zanzibari ethnic identity proved not to be affected by colorism, as colorwas not a prerequisite factor to ethnicity but rather, shared land, religion, and history.

L'étude du nombre de points rationnels d'une courbe définie sur un corps fini se divise naturellement en deux cas : lorsque le genre est petit (typiquement g&lt;=50), et lorsqu'il tend vers l'infini. Nous consacrons une partie de cette thèse à chacun de ces cas. Dans la première partie de notre étude nous expliquons comment calculer l'équation de n'importe quel revêtement abélien d'une courbe définie sur un corps fini. Nous utilisons pour cela la théorie explicite du corps de classe fournie par les extensions de Kummer et d'Artin-Schreier-Witt. Nous détaillons également un algorithme pour la recherche de bonnes courbes, dont l'implémentation fournit de nouveaux records de nombre de points sur les corps finis d'ordres 2 et 3. Nous étudions dans la seconde partie une formule de trace d'opérateurs de Hecke sur des formes modulaires quaternioniques, et montrons que les courbes de Shimura associées forment naturellement des suites récursives de courbes asymptotiquement optimales sur une extension quadratique du corps de base. Nous prouvons également qu'alors la contribution essentielle en points rationnels est fournie par les points supersinguliers<br>The study of the number of rational points of a curve defined over a finite field naturally falls into two cases: when the genus is small (typically g&lt;=50), and when it tends to infinity. We devote one part of this thesis to each of these cases. In the first part of our study, we explain how to compute the equation of any abelian covering of a curve defined over a finite field. For this we use explicit class field theory provided by Kummer and Artin-Schreier-Witt extensions. We also detail an algorithm for the search of good curves, whose implementation provides new records of number of points over the finite fields of order 2 and 3. In the second part, we study a trace formula of Hecke operators on quaternionic modular forms, and we show that the associated Shimura curves of the form naturally form recursive sequences of asymptotically optimal curves over a quadratic extension of the base field. Moreover, we then prove that the essential contribution to the rational points is provided by supersingular points

<p>Conformal field theories (CFT) constitute an interesting class of twodimensionalquantum field theories, with applications in string theoryas well as condensed matter physics. The symmetries of a CFT can beencoded in the mathematical structure of a conformal vertex algebra.The rational CFT’s are distinguished by the property that the categoryof representations of the vertex algebra is a modular tensor category.The solution of a rational CFT can be split off into two separate tasks, apurely complex analytic and a purely algebraic part.</p><p>The TFT-construction gives a solution to the second part of the problem.This construction gets its name from one of the crucial ingredients,a three-dimensional topological field theory (TFT). The correlators obtainedby the TFT-construction satisfy all consistency conditions of thetheory. Among them are the factorization constraints, whose implicationsfor boundary conditions are the main topic of this thesis.</p><p>The main result reviewed in this thesis is that the factorization constraintsgive rise to a semisimple commutative associative complex algebrawhose irreducible representations are the so-called reflection coefficients.The reflection coefficients capture essential information aboutboundary conditions, such as ground-state degeneracies and Ramond-Ramond charges of string compactifications. We also show that the annuluspartition function can be derived fromthis classifying algebra andits representation theory.</p>

Nous donnons dans cette these deux formulations distinctes dans le super-espace etendu de deux series de hierarchies integrables supersymetriques n = 2 de type korteweg-de vries (kdv). Nous developpons d'une part un formalisme de gelfand-dickey qui utilise l'algebre des operateurs pseudo-differentiels n = 2 preservant la chiralite et une matrice-r non antisymetrique. Nous definissons ainsi une hierarchie de kp n = 2 qui est hamiltonienne par rapport a un crochet de poisson lineaire et a deux crochets quadratiques. Deux series de hierarchies de type kdv n = 2 sont obtenues comme reductions par rapport a l'un ou a l'autre des crochets quadratiques. Nous etudions d'autre part, au niveau bosonique, une extension de la construction de drinfeld-sokolov reposant sur un ensemble de conditions algebriques affaiblies et sur l'existence d'une matrce-r plus generale. La construction de drinfeld-sokolov et sa generalisation peuvent etre etendues au cas des superalgebres de boucles. Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes sur les donnees algebriques pour que les hierarchies integrables ainsi construites soient invariantes sous les transformations de supersymetrie n = 1 ou n = 2. La formulation de ces hierarchies dans le superespace rend la supersymetrie explicite. Cette methode est utilisee pour construire les deux series de hierarchies de type kdv n = 2 obtenues precedemment, ainsi que d'autres hierarchies comme celle de schrodinger non lineaire n = 2.

Régis par une rhétorique opposant « science » et « politique », les programmes de stations spatiales civiles sont présentés comme projets diplomatiques censés adoucir des tensions géopolitiques, justifiés par les possibilités d’expérimentation en condition de micropesanteur qu’ils octroient à la communauté scientifique et industrielle internationale. Précédée par des collaborations officieuses entre laboratoires européens et soviétiques, l’Europe de l’Ouest entre dans l’exploration spatiale habitée en 1982. Depuis, l’entraînement et le transport des astronautes de l’Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) se partagent entre les États-Unis (NASA) et la Russie (Roscosmos), dont les programmes nationaux pourvoient leur gouvernement en autonomie de lancement et de transport spatial. Au fil des décennies, alors que les agences spatiales détenant un programme habité (à l’exception de la Chine) se rejoignent dans un projet commun à partir de la fin des années 1990 (l’International Space Station), et alors que la Russie devient détentrice d’un monopole d’accès à l’espace à partir de 2011, les mécanismes symboliques et politiques structurant le programme spatial habité européen évoluent en conséquence. L’entraînement des astronautes en Russie, relatif à ce monopole des lancements habités, entraine la reproduction de traditions et rituels qui, hérités du spatial soviétique, en viennent à constituer l’armature symbolique et axiologique d’un corps d’astronautes en charge de représenter « l’unité dans la diversité » propre à l’Europe. Nourrissant des relations plus ou moins institutionnalisées avec d’anciennes républiques socialistes du fait de son autonomie (de plus en plus relative) vis-à-vis de l’Union Européenne, l’ESA devient progressivement une plateforme via laquelle le procès de restructuration des États d’Europe de l’Est entamé à la fin des années 1980 peut être analysé à l’aune des réseaux industriels, des interdépendances techniques et des échanges scientifiques qui y transitent. Afin de saisir ces relations d’interdépendances, une approche par la théorie des champs semble pertinente à deux points de vue. Tout d’abord, s’intéresser à la genèse et à l’organisation du programme spatial habité européen suppose de considérer ce dernier comme le résultat d’une trajectoire institutionnelle empruntant à différents champs : autorité cognitive de la science moderne, rôle de la production industrielle dans la construction étatique, et rapport à la territorialisation dans l’exercice d’un pouvoir politique national contribuent à la morphologie actuelle des affaires spatiales en Europe. Ensuite, une analyse bourdieusienne permet de circonscrire les vols habités comme un espace social structuré, où se convertissent, se maintiennent et se confrontent des capitaux portés par des acteurs de champs de production autonomes. L’économie des relations entre science, industrie et État, esquissée au gré de ce pari théorique, permet d’envisager certaines des conditions sociales par lesquelles les manières de « faire État » en Europe occidentale et le développement de la bureaucratie ont pu être nourris par des développements scientifiques et techniques profondément ancrés dans le temps comme dans l’espace. Mettant particulièrement en lumière la formation des habitus des astronautes de l’ESA, l’esquisse d’une théorie d’un « champ de médiation » est appréhendée, de manière à saisir les conditions de ces relations structurelles entre champs scientifique, industriel et bureaucratique dans le cas d’un secteur spatial en mutation<br>Ruled by a rhetoric which opposes “science” and “politics”, civil space stations programmes are often introduced as diplomatic projects supposed to soften geopolitical tensions, then justified by the possibilities of experimentation under microgravity that those stations grant to the international scientific and industrial community. Preceded by informal collaborations between European and Soviet laboratories, Western Europe starts its entry into human spaceflights in 1982. Since then, the training and transport of astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA) have been shared between United States (NASA) and Russia (Roscosmos), whose national programmes provide autonomous launch and space transport capacities. Over the decades, while space agencies holding a human space programme (except China) join in a common project from late 1990 (the International Space Station), and as Russia becomes the holder of a monopoly regarding access to space from 2011, symbolic and political mechanisms structuring the European human space programme evolve accordingly. The training of astronauts in Russia, relating to this monopoly of crews’ transportation, entails the reproduction of traditions and rituals which, inherited from the Soviet space era, contributes to the symbolic and axiological building of an astronaut corps in charge of representing Europe’s “unity in diversity”. Nourishing more or less institutionalized relations with former Socialist republics because of its (increasingly relative) autonomy towards the European Union, ESA gradually becomes a platform through which the structuration of Eastern European States, started in the late 1980s, can be analyzed through industrial networks, technical interdependencies and scientific exchanges that pass through. In order to grasp these interdependencies, the fruitfulness of an approach by the field theory can be resumed in two arguments. First, taking an interest in the genesis and organization of the European inhabited space programme implies that the latter should be regarded as the result of an institutional trajectory borrowing from different fields: cognitive authority of the occidental modern science, role of industrial production in State construction, and territorialization in the exercise of a national political power contribute to the current morphology of space affairs in Europe. Secondly, a Bourdieusien analysis allows circumscribing human space flights as a structured social space, where are converted, maintained and confronted capitals which are carried by actors of autonomous fields of production. This, without a priori postulating the loss of autonomy of one of these fields. The economy of relations between science, industry and the State, sketched at the whim of this theoretical wager, then allows to envisage some of the social conditions by which scientific and technical developments, deeply rooted in time and space, could contribute to shaping the ways of “making State” and to the development of bureaucracy in western Europe. With particular emphasis on the training of ESA astronauts, the outline of a “mediation field” theory is apprehended, so as to understand conditions of these structural relations between scientific, industrial and bureaucratic fields in the case of a changing space sector. Based on multisite and multilevel ethnography (United Nations, ESA technical centres, control centres), interviews with scientists, space agency officials, operators and crew members of the agencies contributing to the ISS (N = 182), as well as archival work (EU, ESA and Soviet Academy of Sciences), this study shows how “Space Europe” (as the EU and ESA refer to it) “takes shape” and reproduces the symbolic conditions of its internal cohesion (i.e. values and identity binding its member-States) through the daily organization (procedural, mental and carnal) of its crewed space program

Cette thèse est consacrée conjointement aux mobilisations et luttes de classement des groupes issus de la guerre de 1998-1999 au Kosovo et aux modalités d'accès à leur reconnaissance légale et légitime, ainsi qu'à l'étude du processus de construction de l’État au Kosovo et de la production de ses formes symboliques de consécration. Deux objectifs orientent ce travail : Le premier est de rompre avec certaines évidences et d'apporter de nouvelles pistes de réflexion sur la formation, l'identification, l'existence et la définition des groupes sociaux issus de la guerre (les victimes civiles, les anciens combattants, les prisonniers de guerre, les familles des personnes disparues, etc.). Le second est d'examiner les relations complexes entre le travail de domination symbolique de l’État au Kosovo et les luttes que mènent les groupes sociaux issus de la guerre pour pouvoir maintenir leur position dans l'espace social<br>This thesis examines jointly, the mobilizations and the classification struggles of the post-war groups in Kosovo after 1999, focusing on the access procedures toward their legal and legitimate recognition. It also analyzes the State formation process in Kosovo and the production of its symbolic forms of consecration. Two main contributions of this work are: First, it highlights a number of issues on post-war groups formation, identification, lifestyles and definition (civils victims, war veterans, war prisoners, families of missing persons, etc.) needing reflection and it questions the conventional wisdom. Second, it examines the complex relationships between the symbolic domination work of the State in Kosovo and the struggles of post-war groups in freeing from their social condition

La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

Doctor of Philosophy A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of The Witwatersrand, in ful llment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy<br>The AdS/CFT correspondence relates conformal eld theories in d dimensions to theories of quantum gravity, on negatively curved spacetimes in d+1 dimensions. The correspondence holds even for free CFTs which are dual to higher spin theories. Motivated by this duality, we consider a systematic study of primary operators in free CFTs. We devise an algorithm to derive a general counting formula for primary operators constructed from n copies of a scalar eld in a 4 dimensional free conformal eld theory (CFT4). This algorithm is extended to derive a counting formula for fermionic elds (spinors), O(N) vector models and matrix models. Using a duality between primary operators and multi-variable polynomials, the problem of constructing primary operators is translated into solving for multi-variable polynomials that obey a number of algebraic and di erential constraints. We identify a sector of holomorphic primary operators which obey extremality conditions. The operators correspond to polynomial functions on permutation orbifolds. These extremal counting of primary operators leads to palindromic Hilbert series, which indicates they are isomorphic to the ring of functions de ned on speci c Calabi-Yau orbifolds. The class of primary operators counted and constructed here generalize previous studies of primary operators. The data determining a CFT is the spectrum of primary operators and the OPE coe cients. In this thesis we have determined the complete spectrum of primary operators in free CFT in 4 dimensions. This data may play a role in attempts to give a derivation of a holographic dual to CFT4. Another possible application of our results concern recent studies of the epsilon expansion, which relates explicit data of the combinatorics of primary elds and OPE coe cients to anomalous dimensions of an interacting xed point<br>MT 2018

Irregular pagination: Page numbers 572 to 582 & 755 missing, 754 is not numbered<br>This thesis explores the stories of four Maori counsellors who are employed in Western style organisations. Two 'readings' of participants' narratives are provided. The 'readings' are constructed from two distinct discursive frames, identified as ENGLISH-Maori and MAORI-English. It is proposed that participants' conceptions of self and other are constructed through narratives based in a MAORI-English discursive frame, and that their models of counselling are developed within this discursive frame. It is further proposed that meanings made within this discursive frame are not readily available to 'others' whose constructions of self and other are based in an ENGLISH-Maori or Western discursive frame. This mismatch leads to misunderstandings which impact negatively on the credibility and status of Maori counsellors and Maori models of counselling when viewed from the perspective of Western models of counselling theory, practice and organisation. It is also posited in this thesis that a form of 'sub-textual' communication exists within which Maori meanings are made and conveyed in the English language

Tese de doutoramento em Sociologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>A presente tese consiste em um estudo sociológico a partir do caso da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte, em construção no Estado do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi dedicar um olhar para a questão da saúde a partir da perspectiva das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto hidroelétrico. O trabalho inicia com uma apresentação do histórico dos projetos de barramento do rio Xingu, em meados dos anos 1970. Dos primeiros estudos da bacia hidrográfica do Xingu até o início da obra de Belo Monte passaram-se aproximadamente trinta anos e, durante esse período, muitas polémicas e disputas envolveram as populações atingidas, políticos, intelectuais, artistas, cientistas, ativistas e movimentos sociais. Também é discutido nesta tese o modelo de desenvolvimento económico brasileiro, para se compreender como se dá a opção pela construção de grandes projetos de infraestrutura, como é o caso de Belo Monte. A partir dessa primeira abordagem ao megaprojeto, passo a dar ênfase à perspectiva das populações atingidas por Belo Monte. Para tanto, foi necessário, primeiramente, conhecer melhor o universo de populações atingidas, compostas por populações urbanas, rurais, comunidades ribeirinhas e indígenas. Através do trabalho empírico realizado em Brasília/DF e Altamira/PA, foi possível conhecer e reconhecer a diversidade dessas populações e, assim identificar algumas questões importantes que não foram objeto de debate com o poder público e o empreendedor. É o que Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) chama de produções de não existência, ou invisibilidades. A utilização da matriz teórica das epistemologias do Sul (Santos, 2002) permitiu o reconhecimento dessas invisibilidades, isto é, permitiu ver como as alterações no ambiente e nos modos de vidas das populações atingidas por Belo Monte afetam a saúde e a qualidade de vida destas. É a partir dessa lente que se dedica o olhar para a saúde das populações atingidas, e a problematização dessa questão é realizada nesta tese tendo como protagonistas as próprias populações atingidas. Assim foi identificado como um dos problemas relevantes decorrentes da construção da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte a relação entre o sofrimento sentido pelas populações atingidas e o surgimento de agravos à saúde. O sofrimento difuso é um conceito desenvolvido por Valla (2001) que será discutido nesta tese na medida em que é constatado como uma consequência de Belo Monte invisibilizada. Isto porque não foi previsto ou discutido como uma possibilidade, nem no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), nem no seu respectivo Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (Rima). Também não foi percebido como uma situação merecedora de atenção por parte do órgão fiscalizador responsável pela conceção das licenças que permitiram Belo Monte ser construída, o Ibama. Ainda, a relação entre o sofrimento e os agravos à saúde das populações atingidas não foi alvo de políticas públicas na área da saúde pública. Dessa forma, pretende este trabalho contribuir para a discussão sobre a saúde das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto Belo Monte, a partir do reconhecimento das populações atingidas como detentoras e produtoras de conhecimento relevante. ~This thesis consists of a sociological study from the case of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, under construction in the State of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to dedicate a look at the issue of health from the perspective of the people affected by hydroelectric megaproject. The work begins with a presentation of the history of the Xingu River dam projects in the mid-1970s From the first studies of the watershed of the Xingu to the early work of Belo Monte it took about thirty years and during this period, many controversies and disputes involving the populations concerned, politicians, intellectuals, artists, scientists, activists and social movements. It is also discussed in this thesis the Brazilian model of economic development, to understand how is the option for the construction of large infrastructure projects, such as the case of Belo Monte. From this first approach to megaproject, then I give emphasis to the perspective of populations affected by Belo Monte. Therefore, it was necessary, firstly, to know the universe of affected populations, composed of urban, rural populations, coastal communities and indigenous people. Through the empirical work done in Brasilia / DF and Altamira / PA, it was possible to know and recognize the diversity of these populations and thus identify some important issues that were not subject to discussion with the government and the entrepreneur. It's what Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) calls invisibilities. Using the theoretical framework of South epistemologies (Santos, 2002) allowed the recognition of these invisibilities, allowed to see how changes in the environment and ways of life of the populations affected by Belo Monte affect the health and quality of life of that people. It is from this lens that is dedicated to looking at the health of the populations, and the questioning of this issue is carried out in this thesis having as protagonists the affected populations themselves. Thus it was identified as one of the relevant issues arising from the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant the relationship between the suffering experienced by the affected populations and the emergence of health problems. The diffuse suffering is a concept developed by Valla (2001) which will be discussed in this thesis since it is found as a result of Belo Monte. This is because it was not planned or discussed as a possibility, or the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), or in their respective Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). It was also not perceived as a worthy position of attention by the supervisory body responsible for the design of the licenses that allowed Belo Monte is built, the Ibama. Also, the relationship between suffering and health problems of the affected population was not the target of public policies in the field of public health. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the discussion on the health of populations affected by Belo Monte mega-project, from the recognition of the people affected as having relevant knowledge.<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Nº BEX 1749-13-7