Rozprawy doktorskie: „Controlled motivation”

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Hornberger, Anna P. "A Randomized, Controlled Microtrial of an Ex-Offender-Focused Job Search Motivation Intervention". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3609537.

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Becoming employed after release is one of the most effective ways for returning citizens to successfully reintegrate into the community and to prevent recidivism. However, individuals recently released from jails and prisons face unique challenges, both personal and environmental, that impede this process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microtrial intervention for 47 recently released ex-offenders actively seeking employment. This intervention, tailored from the Michigan JOBS program, was designed to keep job seekers motivated. The researcher hypothesized that the intervention would increase levels of job search efficacy, self-efficacy, and job search behaviors both immediately after the intervention as well as at the two week follow-up, and that this relationship would be moderated by the personality factor of impulsivity. Previous research has linked higher levels of impulsivity with diminished follow-through and reduced engagement in goal-directed behaviors. The outcome of this study did not support this model, as impulsivity did not moderate this relationship, neither immediately after the intervention nor at the two week follow-up. Impulsivity was assessed using both self-report and behavioral measures. While it was predicted that the three measures of impulsivity would correlate highly and form a latent factor, the behavioral measure did not correlate strongly with one of the self-report measures, and therefore moderation analyses were run separately for each measure. Testing the effects of the intervention without the impulsivity moderator found that the inoculation against setbacks module increased levels of job search efficacy immediately after the intervention, but this effect faded by the two week follow-up. No other effects of the intervention by condition were found. The benefits and drawbacks of the microtrial methodology are described in greater detail, and future directions for interventions with this population are suggested.

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Cook, Amy. "Effects of telephone weight loss coaching on body composition in adults : a randomized controlled study /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1635.pdf.

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Cook, Amy Jensen. "Effects of Telephone Weight Loss Coaching on Body Composition in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1044.

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Objective: To determine the extent to which coaching over the telephone is an effective method in promoting the loss of body weight and body fat percentage. Research Methods and Procedures: Over a period of four months, in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, 120 overweight and obese (BMI 25-35 kg/m²) adults either received telephone coaching or no coaching. In addition, each participant was randomly assigned to take a supplement or placebo daily. Body weight and body fat percentage were measured at baseline, two months, and four months. Body weight was measured on an electronic scale and body fat percentage was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants in the coaching group each received a minimum of 10 coaching sessions, each at least one week apart. Age, gender, and supplement use were controlled statistically using partial correlation. Results: When using repeated measures ANOVA, telephone coaching had a significant and favorable effect on body weight loss over the three time periods when compared to participants who received no coaching (F = 3.9, p = 0.0216). Also, when weight changes from baseline to four months were compared, ignoring the two-month time period, those in the coaching group lost significantly more weight than their counterparts (F = 4.75, p = 0.0315). When weight changes from baseline were compared to the halfway mark (two months), telephone coaching resulted in significantly greater weight loss at the trend level (F = 3.42, p = 0.0671). However, during the second half of the study (two months compared to four months), the effect of coaching was weaker and non-significant. Controlling statistically for age, gender, and supplement use, individually and collectively, had no effect on the impact coaching had on body weight loss. Telephone coaching did not play a significant role in helping participants lose body fat percentage across the three time periods compared to those who received no coaching (F = 1.28, p = 0.2797). Similarly, baseline body fat percentage means contrasted with four-month means (F = 1.65, p = 0.2018) were not significant, and findings from the two halves of the study showed that telephone coaching did not have a significant effect on the loss of body fat percentage. Discussion: Telephone coaching is an effective and inexpensive method of helping overweight and obese adults lose body weight, but not body fat percentage, over a four-month period.

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Conde, Gonzalo R. "How the Conflict of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation Influences Sales Controls to Inside Sales Agents' Work Outcomes". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538772/.

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Through the use of multiple methodologies and analytical approaches, this dissertation combines (1) sales control; (2) call center service; and (3) motivational theory to extend sales control literature beyond its current state, to consider the conflicting motivational perspectives an inside sales agent has to experience. To achieve this unification, this dissertation consists of three essays intended to: (1) identify the influence of autonomous and controlled motivation on operational sales outcome controls and performance; (2) explore the influence these motivators have on sales controls and sales performance; and, (3) understand the impact of autonomous and controlled motivation on sales agent tenure.

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Lebisch, Oscar, i Tobias Ingman. "Motivation till gymträning i det moderniserade samhället : En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie om behovstillfredsställelse och motivation i förhållande till gymträning". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44149.

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Syftet med föreliggande kvantitativa tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka medierande effekter av självbestämmande respektive kontrollerad motivation kopplat till förhållandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och träning på gym. Detta baserat på tidigare forskning och med analytisk utgångspunkt i självbestämmandeteorin. I studien deltog 107 personer, varav 47 män och 60 kvinnor, i åldrarna 18-59 år (M=29.2, SD=8.4). Resultatet i studien påvisade att självbestämmande motivation medierar förhållandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och träning på gym, medan kontrollerad motivation inte gör det. Detta resultat överensstämmer med vad tidigare forskning visat och understryker vikten av självbestämmande motivation ytterligare. Författarna till studien efterlyser mer kvalitativ forskning på ämnet som kan utvinna empiri uttryckt i ord snarare än siffror.
The purpose of this study was to investigate mediating effects by self-determined motivation and controlled motivation on the relationship between need satisfaction and gym training. All based on previous research and with the Self-Determination Theory as an analytical standpoint. 107 people participated in the study, of which 47 were men and 60 were women, in ages between 18-59 (M= 29.2, SD=8.4). The result shows that self-determined motivation mediated the relationship between need satisfaction and gym training, while controlled motivation does not. This result correspond with what previous research has shown and emphasizes the importance of self-determined motivation further. The authors of this study calls for qualitative research on this field that can extract empirical data expressed in words rather than numbers.

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Pedlow, Carolyn Teal Carey Michael P. "Randomized controlled trial of a brief information, motivation, and behavioral skills intervention to reduce HIV/STD risk in young women". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Cunningham, Carlton. "Using Learner Controlled Progress-Based Rewards to Promote Motivation and Achievement of At-Risk Students in Managed Online Learning Environments". NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/126.

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Technology enhancements of the past two decades have not successfully overcome the problem of low motivation in Kindergarten through Grade 12 (K-12). Motivation and math achievement have been identified as major factors contributing to the high school dropout problem (30-50% in traditional/online programs). The impact of extrinsic rewards on achievement and the dropout problem, however, remains a subject of debate. This dissertation seeks first to address this debate, through an investigation of reward system effectiveness in the blended learning environment, on at-risk students with varied intrinsic motivation factor scores. Next, the dissertation explores the importance of fit between students' reward perceptions and reward values when motivating student progress. To this end, the author has developed a new 6-factor motivation orientation model for students in blended learning environments, and a learner-configurable progress-based reward system (PBR) for Learner Content Management Systems (LCMS) based on this model. The hypothesized model was tested for fit with a sample of 353 at-risk high school math students in Miami, Florida. The PBR was developed based upon the findings from interviews with subject matter experts and students, factor and regression analyses used to test hypotheses about learner motivation and predict learner progress. Conclusions from the study informed the design of an integrated PBR. A 6-factor motivation orientation model was found to explain more of the variance (74%) in student motivation than earlier models. Contrary to Deci et al. (1999), hypothesis test results did not confirm adversarial extrinsic rewards/intrinsic motivation relationships. Furthermore, consistent with person-environment fit theory, learners demonstrated superior progress and achievement when extrinsic reward perceptions and values were well aligned. With critical input from flexible learning theorists, teachers, and students, the emerging PBR design may ultimately be integrated through mobile learning applications and social media, within LCMS solutions such as Blackboard, and systems commonly used in K-12, such as Apex. Although beyond the scope of the dissertation, the emerging Web-based design promises to play an important role in engaging a K-12 Community of Practice (CoP), consisting of telecommunications partners, game developers, retailers, and education stakeholders sharing a significant interest in future innovations that address the dropout problem.

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Liljedahl, Viktor, i Karin Lövgren. "Relationen mellan behovsfrustration, motivation, motion och psykisk hälsa hos gymnasieungdomar". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36156.

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Det senaste decenniet har visat en tydlig trend av ökad psykisk ohälsa, samt fysisk inaktivitet hos ungdomar i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att undersöka relationen mellan grundläggande psykologiska behov och psykisk hälsa genom de mellanliggande variablerna motivation och motionsbeteende hos gymnasieungdomar baserat på Självbestämmandeteorin. En kvantitativ undersökning genomfördes med 160 deltagare, varav 106 kvinnor och 54 män, i åldrarna 16 till 19 år (M=17,04, SD=0,93). Följande mätinstrument användes: Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, Psychological Need Thwarting Scale och Self-Rated Mental Health. Resultatet från medieringsanalyserna visade ett tydligt negativt samband mellan behovsfrustration och psykisk hälsa. Hela medieringsmodellen visade även att kontrollerad motivation och motionsbeteende kunde mediera relationen mellan tillhörighetsfrustration och psykisk hälsa. Behovsfrustration är ett relativt nytt och understuderat begrepp, vilket gör att studiens resultat kan bidra till ökad kunskap kring de faktorer som påverkar ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Till framtida forskning föreslås att inkludera variabler som rör autonomistöd samt fortsatt fördjupning i tillhörighetsbehovet i motion- och skolmiljöer. Detta skulle kunna ge mer kunskap och förståelse för ungdomars psykiska hälsa och motivationsorientering, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna gynna hälsoinsatser och promotion för ökad hälsa bland ungdomar.

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Karlsson, Mina, i Linnéa Wahlström. "Relationen mellan motivationsreglering, behovstillfredsställelse och idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet : En tvärsnittsstudie baserad på Crossfit deltagare". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43839.

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Studiens syfte var att undersöka om (a) självbestämmande motivation medierar sambandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. Samt om (b) kontrollerad motivation medierar sambandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. Föreliggande studie är en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och datainsamling genomfördes via tillgänglighetsurval. Totalt deltog 138 Crossfit deltagare i åldrarna 19 - 58 år (M= 32.19, Sd= 9.02). Baserat på studies syftet skapades två hypoteser som vidare testades i varsin medieringsanalys. Medieringsanalys 1 kunde inte bekräfta hypotesmodell 1 då resultatet påvisar en icke signifikant indirekt effekt mellan behovstillfredsställelse och idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet via självbestämmande motivation. Å andra sidan kunde medieringsanalys 2 bekräfta hypotesmodell 2 eftersom resultatet visar en signifikant indirekt effekt mellan behovstillfredsställelse och idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet via kontrollerad motivation. Resultatet tydliggör förståelsen av att kontrollerad motivation inom Crossfit anses bidrar med lägre grad av behovstillfredsställelse och ökar risken för utveckling av idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet.
The purpose of the study was to investigate if (a) self-determining motivation mediates the correlation between psychological need satisfaction and athletic burnout. Also, if (b) controlled motivation mediates the correlation between psychological need satisfaction and athletic burnout. The current study is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Data was collected by accessibility sampling. There were 138 Crossfit participants who participated in the ages 19 - 58 (M= 32.19, Sd= 9.02). Based on the purpose of the study were two hypotheses created and tested in two separated mediation analysis. Mediation analysis 1 in the study could not accept hypotheses 1, based on the result which indicated no significant indirect effect between psychological need satisfaction and athletic burnout through self- determination motivation. Opposite, mediation analysis 2 could accept hypotheses 2 based on the result which indicated a significant indirect effect between psychological need satisfaction and athletic burnout through controlled motivation. The results illustrate the understanding of controlled motivation in Crossfit because it contributes lower psychological need satisfaction and higher the risk of developing athletic burnout.

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E, Block Hanna, i Eva Forssell. "Hur påverkas den autonoma och kontrollerade motivationen av budgetlös styrning?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21256.

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Syfte: Med utgångspunkt från Self Determination Theory belysa hur den autonoma och kontrollerade motivationen påverkas hos medarbetare då företag arbetar budgetlöst med avseende på decentralisering, målstyrning och belöningssystem. Metod: Studien har utgått från ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv där fenomenet som studerats ses vara av socialkonstruktivistisk art. Teori och empiri har arbetats fram iterativt med hjälp av abduktion där grunden för studien har varit i form av en fallstudie med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuguiden används som utgångspunkt vid kategoriseringen i empirin vilket analysen baseras på. Resultat & slutsats: Studien tyder på att decentralisering och målstyrning inom budgetlös styrning främst påverkar den autonoma motivationen. Gällande belöningssystem gav inte studien något entydigt resultat men vissa indikationer på att det fanns en risk för att en kontrollerad motivation skulle kunna uppstå. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Till vidare forskning inom budgetlös styrning föreslår vi att undersöka belöningssystem ur ett ledningsperspektiv och påverkan på deras motivation samt att undersöka huruvida det finns ett samband mellan principerna bakom en fungerande decentralisering och motivation. Studiens bidrag: Teoretiskt bidrar studien med att decentralisering och målstyrning påverkar den autonoma motivationen positivt medans belöningssystem kan bidra till att kontrollerad motivation uppstår. Praktiskt bidrag visar att decentralisering och målstyrning ökar möjligheten till eget ansvar och beslutsfattande, detta bör dock företag arbeta mer aktivt med.
Aim: Based on the self-determination theory shed light on how the autonomous and controlled motivation affects the employees in companies using beyond budgeting regarding to decentralization , management by objectives and reward systems. Method: This study has a hermeneutic perspective with a base of social constructivism. The theory and the empirical material have been approached iteratively with the help of abduction method. The design of the study is a case study with a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews.The interview guide is used as the basis for categorization of empirical data which the analysis is based upon. Result & Conclusion: The study suggests that decentralization and management by objectives using beyond budgeting primarily affects the autonomic motivation. Current reward system did not show any unequivocal results but some indications that there was a risk that a controlled motivation could arise. Suggestions for future research: For further research in Beyond Budgeting, we propose to investigate the reward system from a management perspective and the impact on their motivation and to investigate whether there is a connection between the principles behind the functioning of decentralization and motivation. Contribution of the thesis: From a theoretical point of view, this study contributes to decentralization and management by objectives primarily affects the autonomous motivation while the reward system may contribute to controlled motivation. Practical contribution shows that decentralization and management by objectives within Beyond Budgeting increases the possibility of personal responsibility and decision-making, this should companies work more actively with.

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Broc, Guillaume. "De la motivation à l’implication : application de l’entretien motivationnel et de la communication engageante au dépistage du cancer colorectal. Études randomisées contrôlées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0020/document.

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Inscription de la thèse. La présente thèse a fait l’objet d’une Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE) entre le laboratoire de Psychologie EA-4139 Santé et Qualité de Vie de Bordeaux et l’Association pour le Dépistage du Cancer Colorectal (ADECA Alsace) à Colmar.Objectifs. L’objectif principal de la thèse était d’améliorer la participation des 50-75 ans au programme de dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal en Alsace, cela dans le respect de leur autonomie de décision. La thèse était aussi l’occasion de mieux cerner les facteurs d’adhérence aux recommandations de santé. Plan de la thèse. La thèse se compose en deux grandes parties. Dans une première partie, théorique, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la place de la prévention dans nos sociétés hypermodernes (Aubert, 2006) tout en proposant une lecture intégrative de l’adhérence à travers le concept de motivation (Carré et Fenouillet, 2009). Le modèle articule en particulier les apports de l’autorégulation (Hall et Fong, 2007), de l’autodétermination (Ryan et Deci, 2000) et de la dissonance (Festinger, 1957). Il adresse aux professionnels de santé un certain nombre de préconisations destinées à les aider à optimiser leur communication de prévention. Dans une seconde partie, empirique, nous présentons les études randomisées contrôlées mettant à l’épreuve des faits les éléments du modèle articulateur. Deux stratégies motivationnelles ont été testées. Toutes deux greffées sur le dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal en Alsace. La première étude (N=48 413) a fait l’objet d’un article publié dans la revue médicale Gastroenterology et de deux communications, dont une internationale à la Disease Digestive Week de San Diego. Elle évalue l’apport d’un conseil téléphonique ajusté guidée par une approche transthéorique de la motivation (Weinstein, 1988), en particulier l’entretien motivationnel (Miller et Rollnick, 2006). La deuxième étude randomisée contrôlée (N=22397) est une intervention motivationnelle postale axée sur l’autonomie et l’implication. Elle s’inspire du choix informé (Gøtzsche et al., 2008) et de la communication engageante (Girandola et Joule, 2008). Principaux résultats. Les résultats démontrent dans la première étude qu’un conseil téléphonique personnalisé décuple le retour des exclusions médicales (19,2%>1,8%) χ2 (1, N=26425) = 2,603E3 ; p=.000 et permet de doubler, voire tripler la participation par rapport au courrier (30,4%>9,2%) χ2 (1, N=22535) = 1,140E3 ; p=.000 quel que soit le type de conseil χ2 (1, N=2 182) =1,195 ; p=.274. La procédure témoigne en revanche d’un réel écueil de faisabilité par rapport au courrier (3,8%<9,2%) χ2 (1, N=46773) = 5,781E2 ; p.000. La deuxième étude montre un bénéfice du choix informé sur la satisfaction du sujet eu égard au processus d’information F (4, N=63) = 8,570 ; p=.000 mais aucun effet du type de courrier sur la participation en phase de première invitation χ2 (4, N=11470) = 3,012 ; p=.556 comme en relance χ2 (4, N=10610) = 4,352 ; p=.360. Discussion. Les résultats sont discutés et interprétés à l’appui des considérations théoriques du modèle articulateur. Des préconisations pour les professionnels et pour des recherches futures sont soumises en fin de thèse
Context of the thesis: The present thesis is part of an Industrial Convention of Formation by Research (CIFRE) between the laboratory of Psychology EA-4139 Santé et Qualité de Vie of Bordeaux and the Association pour le Dépistage du Cancer Colorectal en Alsace (ADECA Alsace) in Colmar.Aims of the study: The main objective of the thesis was to improve the involvement of the 50-75 years old segment of the population of Alsace in the organized colorectal cancer screening, whilst respecting their personal decision. The thesis was also the opportunity to get a better understanding of the adherence factors to health recommendations. Structure of the thesis: The thesis is made up of two main parts. In a first theoretical part, we looked into the place of the prevention in our hypermodern societies (Aubert, 2006) while proposing an integrative reading of adherence through the concept of motivation (Carré & Fenouillet, 2009). The model underlines especially the contribution of self-regulation (Hall & Fong, 2007), self-determination (Ryan & Deci, 2000) and dissonance (Festinger, 1957). It provides health professionals with a wide range of recommendations to help them optimize their communication on prevention. In a second empirical part, we have put to the test the components of the articulator model by the randomized controlled studies and, in this way, tested two motivational strategies both related to organized colorectal cancer screening program in Alsace. The first study (N=48 413) resulted in an article published in the Gastroenterology medical review and two conferences, one of which in the international Disease Digestive Week in San Diego. It evaluates the contribution of an adjusted phone counselling guided by a transtheoric approach of motivation (Weinstein, 1988), amongst other things motivational interviewing (Miller & Rollnick, 2006). The second randomized controlled study (N=22397) is a postal motivational intervention focused on self-reliance and involvement inspired by the informed choice (Gøtzsche et al., 2008) and the engaging communication (Girandola & Joule, 2008). Main outcomes: The results of the first study demonstrate that an individualized phone counselling enables to get a tenfold increase in the return of medical exclusions (19,2%>1,8%) χ2 (1, N=26425) = 2,603E3 ; p=.000 and to double or even triple the participation compared to mail (30,4%> 9,2%) χ2 (1, N=22535) = 1,140E3; p=.000 whatever the type of advice χ2 (1, N=2 182) =1,195; p=.274. However, the procedure encounters barriers with regard to its feasibility compared to mail (3,8%< 9,2%) χ2 (1, N=46773) = 5,781E2; p.000. The second study shows a benefit of the informed choice on the satisfaction of the subject related to the information process F (4, N=63) = 8,570 ; p=.000 but no effects of the type of mail on the participation in the course of the phase of first invitation χ2 (4, N=11470) = 3,012 ; p=.556 and even in the relaunching process χ2 (4, N=10610) = 4,352 ; p=.360. Discussion: The results are discussed and interpreted with the support of the theoretical consideration of the articulator model. Recommendations for health professionals and further research projects are submitted at the end of the thesis

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Yang, Di. "Expatriados chineses em Portugal : motivação, adaptação sociocultural, engagement e intenção de ficar". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18441.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Este estudo tem por objetivos explorar o papel dos diferentes tipos de motivação (autónoma e controlada) e da adaptação sociocultural como antecedentes da intenção de ficar e do engagement para o caso específico dos expatriados Chineses em Portugal. A amostra total é construída por de 84 expatriados Chineses em Portugal, que foram convidados a participar no estudo por e-mail, o qual incluía um link de acesso ao questionário individual, colocado na plataforma Qualtrics. Os resultados da análise fatorial revelaram que, para os expatriados Chineses, para além da motivação autónoma e controlada, existia um terceiro fator que era relativo à obrigatoriedade da expatriação. A motivação autónoma e controlada estão ambas positivamente associadas ao engagement, mas não têm uma relação significativa com a intenção de ficar. A obrigatoriedade da expatriação não tem relação significativa nem com o engagement, nem com a intenção de ficar. No que diz respeito ao efeito mediador de adaptação sociocultural, verificou-se que esta tem um efeito mediador na relação entre motivação controlada e o engagement. No entanto, o efeito não é significativo na relação entre a motivação autónoma e o engagement. Não há o efeito mediador entre a motivação e a intenção de ficar visto que a adaptação sociocultural não está correlacionada com a intenção de ficar. Quando está em causa a obrigatoriedade de expatriação, a adaptação sociocultural tem efeito mediador em relação ao engagement mas não em relação à intenção de ficar.
The study aims to explore the role of different types of motivation (autonomous and controlled) and of sociocultural adaptation as precedents for the intention of staying and for levels of engagement in the specific case of Chinese expatriates in Portugal. The sample for the present study is composed of 84 Chinese expatriates in Portugal, who were invited to participate in this study via email, in which a link to the platform Qualtrics for individual access was provided. The results of a factor analysis revealed that, for Chinese expatriates, and beyond autonomous and controlled motivation, a third factor relating to the obligatoriness of expat is at play. Autonomous and controlled motivation are both positively associated with engagement levels, but they do not present a significant relation with the intention of staying. Regarding the mediating effect of sociocultural adaptation, it was possible to establish that it plays a mediation role in the relation between controlled motivation and engagement. However, this effect is not significant in the relation between autonomous motivation and engagement. There is no mediating effect between motivation and intention to stay since sociocultural adaptation is not correlated with the intention of staying. When focused on the obligatoriness of expatriation, sociocultural adaptation has a mediating effect in engagement levels but does not influence the intention of staying.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Nekovarova, Iva. "A feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using the Personal Aspirations and Concerns Inventory for Offenders (PACIO) to improve short-term offenders' motivation for, and participation in, custodial education and to reduce reconviction". Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7954.

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Offenders’ treatment motivation has been linked to improved treatment engagement (Sellen et al, 2009; Campbell et al., 2010) and in turn treatment completion is associated with better rehabilitation outcomes (McMurran & Theodosi, 2007). Custodial education has been suggested to reduce reoffending (e.g., Zgoba et al., 2008) and so it may be useful to develop ways of motivating offenders to participate in custodial workshops and education classes. Firstly, the exploratory study investigated post-release employment issues in short-term offenders (STOs) sentenced to custody of less than 12 months. Secondly, the main study described a feasibility study examining STOs’ motivation to participate in education. The Personal Aspiration and Concerns Inventory for Offenders (PACIO) is a goal-based motivational interview aimed at enhancing treatment motivation and assessing its adaptive and maladaptive dimensions (Campbell et al., 2010). Firstly, the PACIO was used as a preparatory motivational intervention to investigate its effect on education participation compared with STOs who received the PACIO plus a motivational interview (PACIO plus) and a non-intervention. Secondly, the effect of education participation on reconviction rates was investigated. Thirdly, the influence of adaptive motivation (AM) and learned helplessness/ powerlessness (LH/P) profiles were investigated in terms of education participation. The PACIO and PACIO plus did not increase STOs’ motivation and education participation. However, education participation reduced reconviction. AM and LH/P did not predict education participation. Since these results did not confirm the hypothesised outcomes, it is not feasible to use the PACIO or the PACIO plus to improve and assess STOs’ motivation for and participation in custodial education. Future research should focus on developing an effective preparatory motivational intervention for STOs to participate in education.

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Carlsson, Lars. "Healthcare and patient factors affecting sick leave : From a primary health care perspective". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327290.

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Background: For indeterminate reasons, there have been major variations in sick leave in Sweden, and many physicians have perceived sick leave assignments as burdensome. Aim: To gain more knowledge and understanding, from a perspective of primary health care, about factors in health care and patients that affect sick leave. Thereby help patients in the best way, facilitate the work of physicians and other health professionals involved in the rehabilitation process, and use the health care resources optimally. Methods: This thesis is based on a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in a primary health care centre with participants on short-term sick leave, due to pain and/or mental illness, who received a multidisciplinary assessment. Qualitative focus-group discussions with physicians in primary health care centres. A cohort of women on very long-term sick leave due to pain and/or mental illness, who lost sickness benefits due to a new time limit on sickness insurance, were randomised to multidisciplinary assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), or to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In an extended cohort, including some men on very long-term sick leave due to pain and/or mental illness, the importance of the motivation for return to work (RTW) was investigated. Results. Very early multidisciplinary assessment increased days on sick leave in the first three month period. Physicians at primary health care centres perceived sick leave assignments as burdensome, but clearer rules and cooperation with other professionals have made sick leave assignments less burdensome. TEAM intervention resulted in an increase in working hours per week as well as an increase in work-related engagements, compared to control in the RCT. Motivation for RTW was associated with RTW or increased employability in the rehabilitation of patients Conclusions: Continued studies are needed to find those who are at risk of long-term sick leave, the time when rehabilitation efforts should be started, and the content of rehabilitation. Collaboration in teams facilitates sick leave assignments for physicians at primary care health centres. Motivation for RTW might be a factor of importance for the effect of rehabilitation and needs to be studied further.

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Burke, Brian A. "Motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280346.

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This is a meta-analytic review of controlled clinical trials investigating adaptations of motivational interviewing (AMIs), a promising approach to treating problem behaviors. For each study, descriptive characteristics were coded and individual effect sizes (Cohen's d) were computed. In order to evaluate comparative efficacy, combined effect sizes for AMIs were calculated, separated by comparison group and problem area. To test for sustained efficacy, post-treatment & follow-up effect sizes for AMIs were compared. Additional data were compiled to evaluate the clinical impact of AMIs. Finally, potential moderators were analyzed to test five specific hypotheses related to the effects of AMIs. Thirty clinical trials were included in this review, representing a wide variety of studies. AMIs were equivalent to other active treatments and yielded moderate effects (ranging from .25 to .57) compared to no-treatment or placebo controls for problems involving alcohol, drugs, and diet & exercise. These effects were sustained through an average of 67 weeks of follow-up and for as long as 4 years post-treatment. Based on four studies, there was weak evidence for AMIs in the areas of smoking cessation and HIV-risk behaviors. Overall, AMIs demonstrated considerable clinical impact, with 51% improvement rates, a mean within-group effect size of .82, a 56% reduction in client drinking, and moderate effects on social impact measures (d = .47) such as days of work lost due to substance use. Each of the five specific hypotheses in this meta-analysis was at least partially confirmed. Miller's lab (the founder of motivational interviewing) produced the best outcomes for AMIs, while AMI treatments were most efficacious for severe client samples. AMIs generated the best results when used as preludes to further clinical services rather than as stand-alone treatments. Studies of low methodological quality yielded better outcomes for AMIs than did high quality studies, although the overall picture with regards to quality was unclear. Finally. AMIs showed a significant dose-effect relationship, with higher treatment doses resulting in better study outcomes. Additional analyses provided evidence that the conclusions of this meta-analysis are reasonably immune to the effects of client attrition as well as to publication bias.

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Prod'Homme, Nadine. "Le role des mobiles dans le controle des restructurations (contribution a l'analyse du role du juge en matiere de restructurations)". Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN0060.

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Le role des mobiles dans le controle des restructurations, c'est a dire de toutes les modifications de la forme d'une societe ou de ses modes de controle, est croissant. La necessite de controler le mobile des initiateurs de ces operations est manifeste dans la mesure ou le mobile est le seul critere qui permette d'aller au-dela de la regularite formelle de ces operations pour sanctionner celles qui seraient illicites, abusives ou frauduleuses, et est le seul element qui permette de saisir toute la coherence d'un montage juridique. Toutefois, la reference recurrente au mobile suscite egalement des inquietudes. D'une part, a la croissance du role des mobiles semble correspondre un controle judiciaire de plus en plus intense, lequel conduit a s'interroger sur des risques d'immixtion judiciaire. D'autre part, le subjectivisme inherent a cette notion laisse craindre des solutions aleatoires lesquelles nuisent a la securite juridique des transactions. Cette etude a donc pour objet de mesurer l'intensite du controle judiciaire en matiere de restructurations, d'en apprecier la legitimite, et de rechercher les moyens d'encadrer le role des mobiles en se referant aux mecanismes deja eprouves par la theorie generale des obligations ou le droit fiscal, ou en substituant des criteres objectifs a ce critere subjectif. Elle conduit egalement a observer l'existence d'un veritable controle d'opportunite des restructurations par le juge. Mais contrairement a toute attente, le mobile apparait comme une limite au controle d'opportunite, et ce dernier n'est pas necessairement l'expression d'une ingerence judiciaire dans les affaires sociales. En effet, des lors qu'une norme confere aux magistrats le pouvoir d'apprecier l'adequation d'une decision de restructurer aux motifs de fait qui l'ont provoquee, ce controle judiciaire est necessairement une forme de controle de legalite.

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Hillhouse, Joel J., Rob Turrisi, Nichole M. Scaglione, Michael J. Cleveland, Katie Baker i L. Carter Florence. "A Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Indoor Tanning Motivations in Adolescents: a Randomized Controlled Trial". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/32.

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Youthful indoor tanning as few as ten sessions can increase the risk of melanoma by two to four times with each additional session adding another 2 % to the risk. Recent research estimates that indoor tanning can be linked to approximately 450,000 cases of skin cancer annually in the USA, Europe, and Australia. Despite these risks, indoor tanning remains popular with adolescents. This study tested the efficacy of a web-based skin cancer prevention intervention designed to reduce indoor tanning motivations in adolescent females. A nationally representative sample of 443 female teens was enrolled from an online panel into a two-arm, parallel group design, randomized controlled trial. Treatment participants received an appearance-focused intervention grounded in established health behavior change models. Controls viewed a teen alcohol prevention website. Outcome variables included willingness and intentions to indoor tan, willingness to sunless tan, and measures of indoor tanning attitudes and beliefs. The intervention decreased willingness and intentions to indoor tan and increased sunless tanning willingness relative to controls. We also examined indirect mechanisms of change through intervening variables (e.g., indoor tanning attitudes, norms, positive and negative expectancies) using the product of coefficient approach. The web-based intervention demonstrated efficacy in changing adolescent indoor tanning motivations and improving their orientation toward healthier alternatives. Results from the intervening variable analyses give guidance to future adolescent skin cancer prevention interventions.

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Zhang, Guohua. "Exploratory Robotic Controllers : An Evolution and Information Theory Driven Approach". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112208/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la conception de contrôleurs pour robots explorateurs autonomes basée sur une approche en ligne (online) intégrée, ne nécessitant pas de vérité terrain ni d'intervention de l'expert humain au cours du processus d'entrainement.Le travail présenté se focalise sur le domaine de la robotique autonome et plus particulièrement la conception de controleurs robotiques pour les essaims de robots.Ce contexte présente deux difficultés spécifiques. Premièrement, les approches basées sur l'usage de simulateur sont d'efficacité limitée : d'une part, la précision du simulateur est limitée compte tenu de la variabilité des robots élémentaires; d'autre part, la complexité de la simulation est super-linéaire en fonction du nombre de robots de l'essaim. Deuxièmement, les approches guidées par le but se heurtent au fait que la fonction objectif n'est pas définie au niveau du robot individuel, mais au niveau de l'essaim.Une première étape vers la conception de contrôleur explorateur autonome est proposée dans cette thèse. L'approche proposée, appelée exploration robotique fondée sur l'évolution et l'information (Ev-ITER) se fonde sur l'hybridation de la robotique évolutionnaire et de l'apprentissage par renforcement utilisant l'entropie. Cette approche procède en deux phases: (i) dans une première phase l'évolution artificielle est utilisée pour générer des contrôleurs primaires (crawlers), dont les trajectoires sont d'entropie élevée dans l'espace sensori-moteur; (ii) dans une seconde phase, l'archive des trajectoires acquises par les controleurs primaires est exploitée pour définir les controleurs secondaires, inspirés de la motivation intrinsèque robuste et permettant l'exploration rigoureuse de l'environnement.Les contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Premièrement, comme désiré Ev-ITER peut être lancé en ligne, et sans nécessiter de vérité terrain ou d'assistance. Deuxièmement, Ev-ITER surpasse les approches autonomes en robotique évolutionnaire en terme d'exploration de l'arène. Troisièmement, le contrôleur Ev-ITER est doté d'une certaine généralité, dans la mesure où il est capable d'explorer efficacement d'autres arènes que celle considérée pendant la première phase de l'évolution. Il est à souligner que la généralité du contrôleur appris vis-à-vis de l'environnement d'entrainement a rarement été considérée en apprentissage par renforcement ou en robotique évolutionnaire
This thesis is concerned with building autonomous exploratory robotic controllers in an online, on-board approach, with no requirement for ground truth or human intervention in the experimental setting.This study is primarily motivated by autonomous robotics, specifically autonomous robot swarms. In this context, one faces two difficulties. Firstly, standard simulator-based approaches are hardly effective due to computational efficiency and accuracy reasons. On the one hand, the simulator accuracy is hindered by the variability of the hardware; on the other hand, this approach faces a super-linear computational complexity w.r.t. the number of robots in the swarm. Secondly, the standard goal-driven approach used for controller design does not apply as there is no explicit objective function at the individual level, since the objective is defined at the swarm level.A first step toward autonomous exploratory controllers is proposed in the thesis. The Evolution & Information Theory-based Exploratory Robotics (Ev-ITER) approach is based on the hybridization of two approaches stemming from Evolutionary Robotics and from Reinforcement Learning, with the goal of getting the best of both worlds: (i) primary controllers, or crawling controllers, are evolved in order to generate sensori-motor trajectories with high entropy; (ii) the data repository built from the crawling controllers is exploited, providing prior knowledge to secondary controllers, inspired from the intrinsic robust motivation setting and achieving the thorough exploration of the environment.The contributions of the thesis are threefold. Firstly, Ev-ITER fulfills the desired requirement: it runs online, on-board and without requiring any ground truth or support. Secondly, Ev-ITER outperforms both the evolutionary and the information theory-based approaches standalone, in terms of actual exploration of the arena. Thirdly and most importantly, the Ev-ITER controller features some generality property, being able to efficiently explore other arenas than the one considered during the first evolutionary phase. It must be emphasized that the generality of the learned controller with respect to the considered environment has rarely been considered, neither in the reinforcement learning, nor in evolutionary robotics

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Kistenmacher, Barbara Rachel. "Motivational interviewing as a mechanism for change in men who batter : a randomized controlled trial /". view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9987427.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Long, Yanjin. "Supporting Learner-Controlled Problem Selection in Intelligent Tutoring Systems". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/653.

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Many online learning technologies grant students great autonomy and control, which imposes high demands for self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. With the fast development of online learning technologies, helping students acquire SRL skills becomes critical to student learning. Theories of SRL emphasize that making problem selection decisions is a critical SRL skill. Research has shown that appropriate problem selection that fit with students’ knowledge level will lead to effective and efficient learning. However, it has also been found that students are not good at making problem selection decisions, especially young learners. It is critical to help students become skilled in selecting appropriate problems in different learning technologies that offer learner control. I studied this question using, as platform, a technology called Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), a type of advanced learning technology that has proven to be effective in supporting students’ domain level learning. It has also been used to help students learn SRL skills such as help-seeking and self-assessment. However, it is an open question whether ITS can be designed to support students’ learning of problem selection skills that will have lasting effects on their problem selection decisions and future learning when the tutor support is not in effect. ITSs are good at adaptively selecting problems for students based on algorithms like Cognitive Mastery. It is likely, but unproven, that ITS problem selection algorithms could be used to provide tutoring on students’ problem selection skills through features like explicit instructions and instant feedback. Furthermore, theories of SRL emphasize the important role of motivations in facilitating effective SRL processes, but not much prior work in ITS has integrated designs that could foster the motivations (i.e., motivational design) to stimulate and sustain effective problem selection behaviors. Lastly, although students generally appreciate having learner control, prior research has found mixed results concerning the effects of learner control on students’ domain level learning outcomes and motivation. There is need to investigate how learner control over problem selection can be designed in learning technologies to enhance students’ learning and motivation. My dissertation work consists of two parts. The first part focuses on creating and scaffolding shared student/system control over problem selection in ITSs by redesigning an Open Learner Model (OLM, visualizations of learning analytics that show students’ learning progress) and integrating gamification features to enhance students’ domain level learning and enjoyment. I conducted three classroom experiments with a total of 566 7th and 8th grade students to investigate the effectiveness of these new designs. The results of the experiments show that an OLM can be designed to support students’ self-assessment and problem selection, resulting in greater learning gains in an ITS when shared control over problem selection is enabled. The experiments also showed that a combination of gamification features (rewards plus allowing re-practice of completed problems, a common game design pattern) integrated with shared control was detrimental to student learning. In the second part of my dissertation, I apply motivational design and user-centered design techniques to extend an ITS with shared control over problem selection so that it helps students learn problem selection skills, with a lasting effect on their problem selection decisions and future learning. I designed a set iv of tutor features that aim at fostering a mastery-approach orientation and learning of a specific problem selection rule, the Mastery Rule. (I will refer to these features as the mastery-oriented features.) I conducted a fourth classroom experiment with 200 6th – 8th grade students to investigate the effectiveness of shared control with mastery-oriented features on students’ domain level learning outcomes, problem selection skills and enjoyment. This experiment also measured whether there were lasting effects of the mastery-oriented shared control on students’ problem selection decisions and learning in new tutor units. The results of the experiment show that shared control over problem selection accompanied by the mastery-oriented features leads to significantly better learning outcomes, as compared to full system-controlled problem selection in the ITS. Furthermore, the mastery-oriented shared control has lasting effects on students’ declarative knowledge of problem selection skills. Nevertheless, there was no effect on future problem selection and future learning, possibly because the tutor greatly facilitated problem selection (through its OLM and badges). My dissertation contributes to the literatures on the effects of learner control on students’ domain level learning outcomes in learning technologies. Specifically, I have shown that a form of learner control (i.e., shared control over problem selection, with mastery-oriented features) can lead to superior learning outcomes than system-controlled problem selection, whereas most prior work has found results in favor of system control. I have also demonstrated that Open Learner Models can be designed to enhance student learning when shared control over problem selection is provided. Further, I have identified a specific combination of gamification features integrated with shared control that may be detrimental to student learning. A second line of contributions of my dissertation concerns research on supporting SRL in ITSs. My work demonstrates that supporting SRL processes in ITSs can lead to improved domain level learning outcomes. It also shows that the shared control with mastery-oriented features have lasting effects on improving students’ declarative knowledge of problem selection skills. Regarding using ITSs to help students learn problem selection skill, the user-centered motivational design identifies mastery-approach orientation as important design focus plus tutor features that can support problem selection in a mastery-oriented way. Lastly, the dissertation contributes to human-computer interaction by generating design recommendations for how to design learner control over problem selection in learning technologies that can support students’ domain level learning, motivation and SRL.

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Brinson, David Raymond. "Buddy-Motivational Interviewing (buddy-MI) to increase physical activity in community settings: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Health Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8922.

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Populations in developed and developing countries are becoming increasingly sedentary and the adverse health effects of relatively sedentary lifestyles, the so called lifestyle diseases, are now obvious. However, moderately vigorous physical activity is positively linked via a cause-and-effect relationship with a range of improved health outcomes. Broadly, current physical activity recommendations suggest that adults should achieve a total of at least 30 minutes a day of at least moderate intensity physical activity on five or more days of the week; however, estimates suggest that the majority of adults in the Western World do not meet these recommendations. Many of the factors involved in the initiation and long-term maintenance of physical activity are not fully understood. Considering the rapid pace of technological development and the general move away from labour-based economies, it does appear that the required level of physical activity necessary for optimal health needs to come from leisure-time activity– specifically, planned, regular, moderately vigorous exercise and/or sport. Unfortunately, many people experience great difficulty in engaging with and maintaining a physically active lifestyle and typically there is a rather large gap between what people know to be healthy and what they actually do. The general aim of this project was to design, implement and evaluate the clinical, social and behavioural effectiveness of a buddy-Motivational Interviewing intervention (buddy-MI) in assisting relatively sedentary adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity for the purpose of improving their cardio-respiratory fitness, health, and quality of life. Specific aims of the intervention included formally involving social support (via the self-selected motivational-buddy) and strengthening individuals’ motivation for and movement toward their physical activity goals. The experimental intervention specifically aimed to extend the MI treatment effect by enhancing participants’ commitment to physical activity over time via intra-treatment social support (support provided within treatment sessions) as well as extra-treatment social support (day-to-day support) provided by the motivational-buddy. A fundamental was to deliver the intervention in a format that could realistically be implemented within typical primary care settings, workplaces, schools or other similar setting: to work towards healthier more active communities and to potentially reduce health system resource utilisation. Using a repeated-measures pragmatic parallel group randomised controlled trial (RCT) design, relatively sedentary adolescents and adults, in stable health, recruited from a university campus population were allocated to one of two interventions. In the experimental intervention, participants were supported by a self-selected motivational-buddy and they received 2-4 sessions of buddy-MI over a period of 12-months (participant determined schedule) as well as pro-active follow-up emails. The control intervention was standard care MI, and the same email follow-up as in the experimental group but without the additional support of a motivational-buddy. The main outcomes were self-reported physical activity, cardio-respiratory fitness and health related quality of life. These primary outcomes were measured at four time-points over the 12-months intervention and follow-up period and quantitative methods were used to analyse the data. Qualitative data were also analysed and presented in relation to the motivational-buddy component of the intervention. The study evaluated the feasibility and incremental effectiveness of motivational-buddy support compared to one-on-one MI in people who had expressed an interest in becoming more physically active. It used a novel intervention design incorporating self-selected motivational-buddies in an effort to mitigate the twin problems of poor adherence and behavioural regression that are commonly associated with physical activity promotion programmes. The intervention was found to have merit and the potential implications for the health-care system, and the wider community, are discussed.

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Taylor, Gavin H. "Improving cardiac rehabilitation session attendance using the Self-Regulatory Model and motivational interviewing : a randomised controlled trial". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1191/.

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a theory-based, one-session intervention in enhancing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) adherence among patients attending their first class. The intervention session was structured to elicit and change patients' illness perceptions, and to enhance motivation. Design: Randomised, controlled trial. Participants: Patients attending for their first Phase III CR class were recruited. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the number of rehabilitation exercise sessions attended, providing data on participant adherence to the programme. The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised was used as a secondary outcome measure. Sociodemographic data and information on coping style and mood were also collected. Results: Patients in the intervention group were found to attend significantly more CR classes than the control group (p<.05). Illness perceptions were not found to be different between groups at three-month follow up. Sociodemographic, medical and psychological variables were not found to be associated with CR adherence, although high levels of anxiety and depression were reported among participants. Conclusions: Rates of initial CR attendance and ongoing adherence were relatively high among all participants. Improved adherence among the intervention group suggests that brief psychological intervention sessions may be useful within a CR setting. However, the lack of change in illness perceptions following intervention suggests that more research is necessary in order to understand the present findings. Other recommendations for future research are also discussed.

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Al, Jalal Zahraa Sabeeh Mohammed Ali. "Impact of motivational interviews within pharmacy care upon adherence to cardiovascular medicines : a feasibility pilot controlled trial". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1482236/.

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Background Non adherence to medication in myocardial infarction patients ranges from 13-60% (Garavalia et al, 2009). Consistent use of secondary prevention medication after a coronary event is associated with lower adjusted mortality and higher survival rates compared with patients who are not compliant (Newby et al, 2006). Strategies to tackle the burden of non adherence could involve pharmacy care and services including Medication Use Review and the New Medicine Service with a motivational interview as part of the counselling session of a community pharmacist. Objective To investigate the feasibility and potential impact of a pharmacy care intervention involving motivational interviews and referral to the community pharmacy services, amongst patients with acute coronary syndrome, on adherence to medication and on health outcomes. Methods This thesis reports a prospective, intervention, controlled feasibility/pilot study. Seventy one patients discharged from a London Heart Attack Centre following acute treatment for a coronary event were enrolled and followed up for six months. Thirty two pharmacies in London were allocated into intervention or control sites. The intervention was delivered by community pharmacists face-to-face in the pharmacy, or by telephone as part of the New Medicine Service or a Medication Use Review. The consultation included a 15-20 minute motivational interviewing session aimed at improving protective cardiovascular medicine adherence. As this was a feasibility study, measures of uptake, workability and acceptability were gathered from all stakeholders. A measure of fidelity to the intervention was also performed. The primary outcome measure was adherence to secondary prevention medication using a self report adherence measure. Secondary clinical outcomes included blood pressure and LDL-C. Data collection of outcome measures took place at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted for the outcome measures. Results Given a small sample size, the feasibility study was not powered to measure clinical outcomes. However, at 3 and 6 months there was a statistically significant difference in adherence between the intervention group and the control group (P= 0.026), (P=0.004) respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of adherence at 3 months and beliefs regarding medicines (P=0.028). Patients who reported better adherence expressed positive beliefs regarding the necessity of taking their medicines. However, given the small sample size, no statistically significant outcome difference in terms of recorded blood pressure and LDL-C was observed over the six months of the study. Conclusion The feasibility, acceptability and potentially positive clinical outcome of the intervention was demonstrated, along with a high level of patient acceptability. It had a significant impact on cardiovascular medicine taking adherence. But these findings must be interpreted with caution. The intervention should be tested in a larger trial to ascertain its full clinical utility.

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Asvat, Patel Yasmin. "Motivational Interviewing to Promote Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Survivors". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4629.

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Abstract Despite documented health benefits, most breast cancer survivors (BCS) do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines. Hence, evaluating diverse intervention approaches to promote PA in BCS is imperative. Motivational Interviewing (MI) offers a non-prescriptive, client-centered approach to PA promotion that has not been adequately evaluated in BCS. In this randomized-controlled trial, 66 Stage 0-IIIa BCS within three years post-treatment, insufficiently active and contemplating increasing PA were randomly assigned to a MI intervention or an active control condition. The MI intervention implemented motivational and behavior change strategies consistent with MI principles. The active control condition provided education and prescriptive recommendations on diet, PA, and stress management. Participants completed two in-person and one phone-based sessions over 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was efficacy of the MI intervention to promote PA. Contrary to the hypothesis that the MI intervention would be superior, PA improvements were evident for both groups, with 60% of all participants meeting PA guidelines at 12-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes involved intervention effects on depressive symptoms, fatigue, vigor, and aerobic fitness. Contrary to hypotheses, improvements in secondary outcomes were evident for both groups. Exploratory moderation analyses yielded no group differences in PA outcomes based on baseline activity level, perceived stress, age, or body mass index. Exploratory mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between group assignment and change in secondary outcomes were not mediated by change in PA. In analyses of the combined sample, higher baseline aerobic fitness predicted greater improvement in PA over time. Overall, results suggest that diverse intervention approaches can help promote PA in BCS. Future research should evaluate long-term maintenance of gains and theoretical mechanisms of the intervention effect.

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Aazh, H. "Feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial on the effect of motivational interviewing in facilitating hearing aid use". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2016. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2531233/.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) in facilitating hearing aid use. Methods used and their results are presented in the 3 sections below: (1) A cross-sectional survey where a questionnaire, including the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids was posted to all patients fitted with hearing aids at the Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, between 2011 and 2012 (N=1874). 1023 questionnaires were completed and returned (response rate of 55%). 29% of responders did not use their hearing aids on a regular basis (i.e., used them less than 4 hours per day). (2) 220 patients who reported using their hearing aid(s) less than 4 hours per day in the above survey were invited to take part in a pilot single-blind RCT. 37 were enrolled and randomised to MI combined with hearing aid adjustments (n=20) or hearing aid adjustments only (n=17). The results showed that it was feasible to deliver MI for facilitating hearing aid use. Hearing aid use as measured via data logging 1 month after interventions favoured the MI group. (3) A qualitative enquiry embedded in the above pilot RCT was conducted. 34 out of 37 participants underwent in-depth interviews. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Five themes were identified in relation to participants’ perspectives about the key components of the research programme which influenced their decision about using their hearing aids. Conclusion: Conducting an RCT on the effect of MI in facilitating hearing aid use in people who do not use their hearing aids is feasible and that MI combined with audiology standard care may have positive effects on hearing aid use.

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La, Rosa Salas Virginia. "Combining motivational and volitional physical activity and fruit & vegetable intake : a single blind randomised controlled trial with Spanish university students". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/combining-motivational-and-volitional-physical-activity-and-fruit--vegetable-intake(d8f7e257-748e-41c1-a64e-b71a7c10b95a).html.

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Walpole, Beverly. "Motivational Interviewing to Enhance Self-Efficacy and Promote Weight-loss in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Thesis, A portion of this thesis was published: Beverly Walpole, Elizabeth Dettmer, Barbara A. Morrongiello, Brian W. McCrindle, and Jill Hamilton. "Motivational Interviewing to Enhance Self-Efficacy and Promote Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial." in J. Pediatr. Psychol. first published online May 13, 2013 doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jst023 (10 pages), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7261.

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Childhood obesity is associated with serious physiological and psychological consequences including type 2 diabetes, higher rates of depression and low self-esteem. With the population of overweight and obese youth increasing, appropriate interventions are needed that speak to the issue of motivation to maintain adherence to healthy behavior changes. The current investigation was a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an intervention for promoting self-efficacy and weight-loss in a sample of overweight and obese youth. Participants (N = 42) ages 10-18, were randomly assigned to a control (social skills training) or treatment (MI) group. Both groups received individual therapy (~30 minutes/month) in addition to usual care of diet/exercise counseling. Pre and post (at 6 months follow-up) variables included measures of self-efficacy and anthropometrics. Results indicated that while significant between-group differences were not found, individuals in the MI group attended more sessions. Overall, participants in both groups showed significant increases in self-efficacy and a trend of decreased BMI z-scores. Though health benefits from participation in individual therapy may have been accrued, specific benefits attributable to MI were limited. Findings from the current study suggest that more than one type of counseling intervention (i.e., MI and social skills training) may be beneficial when providing integrative treatment for obese youth.
Canadian Institutes of Health and Research (CIHR)

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Lovejoy, Travis I. "Telephone-Administered Motivational Interviewing Reduces Risky Sexual Behavior in HIV-Positive Late Middle-Age and Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1312573034.

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Costa, Vladimir Morcillo da. "Prova pericial no processo penal: motivação e controle das decisões judiciais". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1974.

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Tendo como premissas a conformação constitucional do Estado de Direito e das garantias processuais, este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à dicsussão acerca da utilização da prova pericial, sua admissibilidade, valoração controle, no sistema processual brasileiro. O Estado Democrático de Direito impõe aos seus agentes a motivação, não somente das decisões judiciais, mas de todos os atos que tenham cunho decisório, e imponham alguma restrição, por menor que seja, à liberdade do indivíduo. Por sua vez, o contraditório, expressão do princípio político da participação democrática, afirma a necessidade de possibilitar a participação do indivíduo na formação de uma decisão que afete sua esfera de interesses. A orientação do processo como instrumento a serviço da realização da justiça, e da construção de decisões justas, pressupõe o correto acertamento da verdade fática. Isto impõe que seja adotada uma concepção do fenômeno probatório que a compreenda como um instrumento demonstrativo e epistemológico. Nessa perspectiva, a utilização da prova pericial, especialmente aquelas que se revestem de cunho científico, se mostra um eficaz meio da obtenção da verdade no processo, desde que, tais provas sejam relevantes e confiáveis, demonstrando a necessidade de seu controle.
Taking as premises the conformation of the constitutional rule of law and procedural safeguards, this study is a contribution to the dicsussion about the use of expert evidence, its admissibility, and valuation control, at the Brazilian procedural system. The Democratic State imposes on its agents the motivation, not only of judgments, but of all the acts that have decision-making matrix, and impose some restrictions, however small, in the freedom of the individual. In turn, the contradictory, expression of political principle of democratic participation, says the need to enable participation of the individual in forming a decision that affects their area of interest. The orientation of the process as a tool in the service of achieving justice, and the construction of fair decisions, presupposes a correct assertion of factual truth. This requires that adopted a conception of the phenomenon that the evidence as a tool to understand and epistemological statement. From this perspective, the use of expert testimony, especially those which are of a scientific nature, proves an effective means of obtaining the truth in the process, provided that such evidence is relevant and reliable, demonstrating the need for its control.

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Costa, S?rgio Araujo da. "Controle Interno e Avalia??o de Desempenho em Centros de Responsabilidade: um estudo de caso". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2003. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/960.

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This work was accomplished with the objective of exploring the literature regarding the planning and managerial control, mainly, evidencing the organized structures in units of business, approaching their systems of acting evaluation and the indicators more used, trying to relate them to the control structure implemented by a bank under state control, as well as the measures adopted to evaluate their employees acting. Those structures are being the form adopted by several companies to increase her competitive capacity more and more in an atmosphere dynamic, where the answer speed to the changes is critical factor for the success of their activities. To the they understand that the financial measures of acting possess limitations that restrict her use as only representative parameter of the acting of the units of businesses, the companies are looking for to identify another measured of acting that they can complement the financial ones, in the sense of feeling to the high administration an including vision of the acting of those units of businesses. Before this picture, lo research as the companies measures the financial result of their units of businesses and that measured no financial they are used to complement the attendance of the acting of the units of businesses is the objective that she look for to reach with this case study. The used methodology was the one of case study through observation of the reality and oU exam oU documents of the company. In the analysis of the case it tried to compare the planning practices and control used by the bank with the referred theoretical base. The results confirmed the presence oU inherent limitations to the financial measures, be for her nature, be for her calculation form, and they appeared, among other evidences, the use of he ret um ou investment and oU tu e economi evalue added as measures including of that acting. The measures also verified the use oU measures no financial oU acting, as iniddle oU looking for au including attendance of the acting oU the units oU businesses.
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de explorar a literatura referente ao planejamento e controle gerenciais, principalmente, evidenciando as estruturas organizadas em unidades de neg?cio, abordando seus sistemas de avalia??o de desempenho e os indicadores mais utilizados, procurando relacion?-los ? estrutura de controle implementada por um banco sob controle estatal, bem como as medidas adotadas para avaliar o desempenho de seus empregados. Aquelas estruturas v?m sendo a forma adotada por diversas empresas para aumentar sua capacidade competitiva num ambiente cada vez mais din?mico, onde a velocidade de resposta ?s mudan?as ? fator cr?tico para o sucesso de suas atividades. Ao entenderem que as medidas financeiras de desempenho possuem limita??es que restringem sua utiliza??o como ?nico par?metro representativo do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios, as empresas v?m buscando identificar outras medidas de desempenho que possam complementar as financeiras, no sentido de dar-se ? alta administra??o uma vis?o mais abrangente do desempenho daquelas unidades de neg?cios. Diante deste quadro, pesquisar como as empresas mensuram o resultado financeiro de suas unidades de neg?cios e que medidas n?o financeiras s?o utilizadas para complementar o acompanhamento do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios ? o objetivo que se busca atingir com este estudo de caso. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de caso atrav?s de observa??o da realidade e de exame de documentos da empresa. Na an?lise do caso procurou-se comparar as pr?ticas de planejamento e controle utilizadas pelo banco com a base te?rica referenciada. Os resultados confirmaram a presen?a de limita??es inerentes ?s medidas financeiras quer por sua natureza, quer por sua forma de c?lculo, e apontaram, entre outras evid?ncias, a utiliza??o do retorno sobre investimento e do valor econ?mico agregado como medidas mais abrangente desse desempenho. A pesquisa tamb?m constatou a utiliza??o de medidas n?o financeiras de desempenho, como meio de buscar uma monitora??o mais abrangente do desempenho das unidades de neg?cios.

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Oliveira, Cassiana Morais de. "Fatores motivacionais relacionados ao início do tabagismo em estudantes adolescentes de Ribeirão Preto/SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-14012010-114209/.

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OLIVEIRA, CASSIANA MORAIS DE. Fatores motivacionais relacionados ao início do tabagismo em estudantes adolescentes de Ribeirão Preto/SP. 2009. 134 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2009. De acordo com a OMS, um terço da população mundial adulta é fumante. A dependência à nicotina associa-se a altas taxas de mortalidade, malefícios à saúde e seu controle é considerado um desafio à saúde pública. Um aspecto importante relacionado ao tabagismo é que seu início ocorre predominantemente na adolescência. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os fatores motivacionais associados ao início do tabagismo, na percepção de adolescentes fumantes e não fumantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento transversal, analítico, com amostra de conveniência. Utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica quanti-qualitativa. Participaram 80 adolescentes, alunos do ensino médio de uma escola estadual de Ribeirão Preto/SP, de ambos os sexos, sendo 40 fumantes e 40 não fumantes. Foram utilizados um questionário para os pais, roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada e a Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Controle para os adolescentes. A média de idade para fumantes foi 16,8 e para não fumantes 16,2 anos. Notou-se uma proporção maior de mães dos adolescentes fumantes sem relacionamento estável. Observou-se maior utilização de bebida alcoólica entre os fumantes. O intervalo de idade mais freqüente de experimentação do primeiro cigarro foi 13 a 16 anos. Quanto ao consumo diário, 47,5% dos adolescentes relataram fumar 6 a 10 cigarros. Com relação à escala locus de controle, não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre os fumantes e não fumantes. Na dimensão internalidade, os fumantes (52,5%) e os não fumantes (47,5%) apresentaram pontuações mais freqüentes acima da média. Na dimensão externalidade-outros poderosos, houve predominância de escores abaixo da média em ambos os grupos. Em externalidade-acaso, observou-se maior freqüência de escores acima da média para os fumantes (40,0%) e não fumantes (30,0%). Na análise qualitativa, entre os não fumantes, a maioria das meninas opinou que o que faz as pessoas começarem a fumar é o alívio de emoções negativas, e para os meninos é a imitação do modelo de um fumante. A maioria das respostas, nos dois gêneros, avaliou que o modelo de um fumante influencia o adolescente a começar a fumar. Sobre o que acham de pais fumantes, houve predomínio de verbalizações masculinas na categoria estimula a curiosidade dos filhos, e nas femininas na categoria não gosta. Sobre o que acham de amigos fumantes, verificou-se predomínio de verbalizações femininas nas categorias não gosta e normal, já as masculinas foram em prejudicando a sua saúde e das pessoas ao seu redor e não gosta. Na amostra de fumantes, as meninas opinaram que o que faz as pessoas começarem a fumar é o alívio das emoções negativas; os meninos associaram o início do tabagismo a aspectos da adolescência. Sobre o que influencia os adolescentes a começarem a fumar e sobre a opinião quanto a pais fumantes, ambos os gêneros destacaram a imitação do modelo. Observou-se predomínio, nos dois gêneros, de verbalizações nas categorias normal e má influência quanto a amigos fumantes. Espera-se que este estudo identifique elementos relevantes para subsidiar programas e pesquisas futuras de controle e prevenção do tabagismo.
According to the World Health Organization, one third of the worlds adult population smokes. Nicotine dependence is associated with high mortality rates and damage to health, and its control has been considered a challenge to public health. An important aspect related to tobacco smoking is that it begins predominantly in adolescence. The objective of this research was to study the motivational factors associated with the initiation of tobacco smoking from the perception of smokers and non-smokers adolescents. The research has, both, a transverse and analytical outline with a convenience sample. The quantitative and qualitative methodological approach was used. There were 80 participants, both female and male adolescent students from a public high school in Ribeirão Preto/SP. Forty were smokers and the other 40 non-smokers and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. A semi-structured interview and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale were used. The mean age of smokers students was 16.8 years old, and 16.2 years old for non-smokers. We observed a higher proportion of non-stable relationships among the smokers adolescents mothers, as well as more frequent used of alcoholic drinks in the smokers group. The most frequent age range of the first smoked cigarette was between 13 to 16 years old. Regarding daily consumption, 47.5% of the adolescents reported to smoke from 6 to 10 cigarettes. Concerning the Locus of Control Scale, no substantial statistic difference was observed between the smokers and non-smokers groups. For the Internality dimension, both smokers (52.5%) and non-smokers (47.5%) showed more frequent above average scores. As for the Externality-powerful others dimension, there was predominance of below average scores in both groups. At the Externality-chance dimension, it was most frequently observed above average scores for smokers (40%) and (30%) for non-smokers. For the qualitative analysis, in the non-smokers sample, most girls stated that what makes people start smoking is the relief from negative emotions, and for the boys, it was the imitation of a smokers model. The most frequent response from both genders was that the model given by a smokers person influences the adolescent to start smoking. Concerning their thoughts about smokers parents, most of the boys verbalized their opinion in the category smokers parents stimulate childrens curiosity, while most girls verbalized their opinion in the dont like category. Regarding their opinion about smokers friends, there was a female predominance in the category dont like as well as in the normal category. The male predominance was in the categories damaging your health and the peoples health around you and in dont like. In the smokers sample, the girls stated that what makes people start to smoke is the relief from negative emotions. The boys associated the beginning of tobacco smoking with aspects of adolescence. Regarding what influences adolescents to start smokers and their opinion about smoking parents, both genders pointed out the imitation of the model. The predominance in both genders of opinions in the categories normal and bad influence about smokers friends was observed. It is expected that this study may identify important steps to subsidize future programs and researches about control and prevention of tabagism.

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Marcon, Roberta Maia. "O Comportamento Verbal do Esquizofrênico sob Múltiplas Condições de Controle". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2064.

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This study aimed at functionally analyzing the verbal behavior of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia undergoing treatment in a specialized service. The participant is a female, diagnosed with simple schizophrenia, 27 years old, from the state of Bahia, single, incomplete elementary school, low social-economic status, and presenting a history of treatment in several institutions. To control the procedures, we used the design of multiple conditions with three main conditions: condition attention (A), condition alone (S), and condition control (C). Condition (A) was manipulated in four sub-conditions: (A1) attention, eye contact (inappropriate speech was followed by 10 seconds of eye contact); (A2) attention, physical contact (inappropriate speech was followed by 10 seconds of physical contact); (A3) attention, comment (inappropriate speech was followed by the comment It is difficult to understand when you talk like this ); and (A4) attention, task execution (appropriate speech was followed by social attention in the form of signs of approval); condition (S) was manipulated in two sub-conditions: (S1) alone, without demand (participant remained in the room in the absence of the researcher) and (S2) alone, with demand (participant remained in the room in the absence of the researcher, with demand); and condition (C) (participant remained in the room composed by reinforcers, in the presence of the researcher, who was writing on a sheet of paper). Under the conditions studied, we also aimed at observing some emotional behaviors of the participant, such as annoyance, anger, pleasure, elation, anxiety, sadness, and relief inferred from the intonation of her voice and her behavioral topography. The results demonstrated that the social attention manipulated under the different conditions controlled the participant s inappropriate speech, which may have worked as a motivational operation for the occurrence of her verbalization. They also demonstrated that under condition (A) there were more manifestations of emotional phenomena, and rage (attention, eye contact, and alone, without demands) was the most frequent emotion, followed by elation (attention, comment), whereas the least frequent emotions were pleasure and relief (attention, comment, and eye contact, respectively). These findings are discussed in terms of the implications of the effects of a motivational operation as a component for the functional analysis of the verbal behavior of the participant in the present investigation.
O presente estudo objetivou analisar funcionalmente o comportamento verbal de uma pessoa esquizofrênica, que se encontrava em tratamento especializado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), fazendo uso de uma metodologia de análise funcional. A participante era do sexo feminino, diagnosticada com esquizofrenia simples, 27 anos de idade à época, natural do estado da Bahia, solteira, primeiro grau incompleto, de nível socioeconômico baixo e com histórico de internação em várias instituições. Para essa finalidade foi empregado o delineamento de múltiplas condições com três condições principais: condição atenção (A), condição sozinha (S) e condição controle (C). A condição (A) incluiu quatro subcondições: (A1) atenção, contato olho a olho (a fala inapropriada foi seguida por 10 segundos de contato olho a olho); (A2) atenção, contato físico (a fala inapropriada foi seguida por 10 segundos de contato físico); (A3) atenção, comentário (a fala inapropriada foi seguida pelo comentário Fica difícil compreender quando você fala assim ); e (A4) atenção, executar tarefa (o comportamento apropriado foi seguido pela atenção social sob a forma de sinais de aprovação); a condição (S) incluiu duas subcondições: (S1) sozinha, sem demanda (a participante permaneceu na sala na ausência da pesquisadora) e (S2) sozinha, com demanda (a participante permaneceu na sala na ausência da pesquisadora, com demanda); e a condição (C) (a participante permaneceu na sala composta por reforçadores, na presença da pesquisadora, que escrevia em uma folha de papel). Dentro das condições estudadas foi também objeto deste estudo observar alguns comportamentos emocionais da participante, tais como aborrecimento, raiva, prazer, elação, ansiedade, tristeza e alívio inferidos das entonações de sua voz e de suas topografias comportamentais. Os resultados demonstraram que a atenção social manipulada nas diferentes condições exerceu controle sobre o comportamento verbal da participante, o que pode ter funcionado como uma operação motivadora para a ocorrência de suas verbalizações. Demonstraram, ainda, que na condição atenção (A) houve maiores manifestações dos comportamentos emocionais, sendo a raiva a emoção mais frequente, seguida pela elação, enquanto as de menores ocorrências foram prazer e alívio. Esses achados foram discutidos em termos das implicações dos efeitos de uma operação motivadora como componente para a análise funcional do comportamento verbal da participante da presente investigação.

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Figueiredo, Edson Antônio de Freitas. "Controle e promoção de autonomia : um estudo com professores de instrumento musical". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115621.

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O ensino de instrumento musical é uma prática educativa que mantém vínculos com a tradição de transmissão de conhecimento entre mestre e aprendiz. Contudo, as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade nas últimas décadas trouxeram novas demandas ao ensino de música, implicando na necessidade de um contexto mais flexível de ensino. Neste cenário, o conceito de estilo motivacional possibilita uma discussão atualizada sobre o papel do professor na motivação do aluno, abstraídos por meio de traços característicos para dois estilos antagônicos, chamados de controle e promoção de autonomia. Por meio deste referencial teórico, o objetivo geral do estudo constituiu-se em investigar o estilo motivacional de professores de instrumento que atuam em escolas de música. Como metodologia primeiramente realizou-se a adaptação de uma escala que avalia o estilo motivacional do professor e posteriormente um survey com 358 professores de instrumento musical. Como resultado das propriedades psicométricas da escala constatou-se que não houve adequação ao modelo teórico, porém foi possível sugerir uma nova interpretação dos construtos, considerando controle e promoção de autonomia como fatores ortogonais. Esta interpretação serviu como base para a análise dos dados. Como resultado, as questões de gênero emergiram com um contraste acentuado ao constatar-se que homens possuem maior tendência para o controle. Da mesma forma, as questões trabalhistas relacionam-se com o estilo motivacional, considerando que professores de escola pública tendem a ser mais controladores em relação a professores de escola privada. Variáveis como idade, tempo de atuação e perfil de formação não parecem influenciar o estilo motivacional dos professores de música. Ao final, considera-se que o estilo motivacional do professor de instrumento é influenciado pelas questões de gênero e por questões trabalhistas ligadas a escola de música. Conclui-se também que a interpretação teórica proposta neste trabalho incita a realização de mais estudos que abordem a dinâmica do ensino individual de instrumento musical.
The instrumental musical education is an educational practice that maintains bonds with the tradition of knowledge transmission between master and apprentice. However, the changes occurred in society in recent decades have brought new demands to music education, implying the need for an education with a context more flexible. In this scenery, the concept of motivational style enables an updated discussion about the teacher's role in the student’s motivation abstracted through featureless for two antagonistic styles, called controlling and autonomy support. Through this theoretical reference, the general objective of this study was set up in investigating the motivational style of instrumental music teachers who work in music schools. In the methodology, first was accomplished an adaptation of a scale that evaluates the teacher’s motivational style and later was conducted a survey with 358 instrumental music teachers. As the psychometric properties results of the scale was found that there was no adjustment to the theoretical model, but we can suggest a new interpretation of the constructs, considering controlling and autonomy support as orthogonal factors. This interpretation was useful for the data analysis. As the result, gender issues emerged with an emphasized contrast when it was noticed that men have a greater tendency to the control. At the same way, the labor issues are related to the motivational style, considering that teachers from a public school tend to be more controlling than teachers from a private school. Variables such as age, work experience and background profile don’t seem to influence the instrumental music teachers’ motivational style. In the end, it is considered that instrumental music teachers’ motivational style is influenced by gender issues and labor issues related to music school. Thus, we also conclude that the theoretical interpretation proposed in this work stimulates the accomplishment for further studies that approach the dynamics of one-to-one music teaching.

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Arkkukangas, Marina. "Evaluation of the Otago Exercise Programme with or without motivational interviewing : Feasibility, experiences, effects and adherence among older community-dwelling people". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35208.

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Falls and injuries related to falls are one of the most common health problems among older people and are becoming increasingly more frequent. Regular exercise has been identified as one of the most effective fall-prevention activities for older people; however, awareness of the impact of exercise programmes and adherence to recommended exercise among the elderly population is generally low. Research examining how an exercise programme is administered to and experienced by elderly community-dwelling people is needed. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility, experiences and effects of and adherence to the fall-preventive Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) with or without motivational interviewing (MI) among community-dwelling people aged 75 years or older. Four studies were performed from October 2012 to May 2016 in a sample of 175 people. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The methods included the feasibility for conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (I), individual face-to-face interviews (II), an RCT (III) and a prospective cohort study (IV). The intervention was given to two groups. The participants who received OEP with or without MI were compared with a control group that received standard care. The feasibility of performing an exercise intervention with or without MI was acceptable from the perspective of the participating physiotherapists. From the perspective of the older participants performing the exercise with behavioural change support, the inclusion of monitored exercises in everyday life and daily routines was important. The participants also expressed experiencing more strength, improved physical functioning and greater hope for an extended active life during old age. From the short-term perspective, there were significant improvements within the OEP combined with MI group in terms of physical performance, fall self-efficacy, activity level, and handgrip strength. Improved physical performance and fall self-efficacy were also found within the control group; however, corresponding differences did not occur in the OEP group without MI. There were no significant differences between the study groups after 12 weeks of regular exercise. Adherence to the exercises in the pooled exercise group was 81% at the 12-week follow-up. At the 52-week follow-up, the behavioural factors being physically active and obtaining behavioural support in terms of MI had a significant association with adherence to the exercise programme. These studies provide some support for the combination of OEP with MI as the addition of MI was valuable for achieving adherence to the exercise programme over time in older community-dwelling people.

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Bandini, Marcia Cristina das Dores. "Impacto de ações de promoção da saúde incluídas no Programa de Controle Médico de Saúde Ocupacional de empresa do ramo alimentício". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-01062007-133255/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Promoção da saúde no ambiente de trabalho é um tema de interesse crescente, em especial nas duas últimas décadas. OBJETIVO: Este estudo foi desenvolvido para medir o impacto das ações de promoção da saúde, entre trabalhadores de uma empresa do ramo alimentício, nos indicadores relacionados a tabagismo, atividade física, alimentação saudável, controle de peso e qualidade de vida em saúde, e estágios de mudança comportamental, durante um período de 12 meses. INTERVENÇÃO: As ações de promoção da saúde incluíram treinamento de médicos do trabalho nas estratégias de aconselhamento em promoção da saúde, supervisão e divulgação de material informativo. Duzentos e um trabalhadores foram divididos em dois grupos (A e B). O Grupo A fez exames periódicos com médicos do trabalho treinados e recebeu material informativo sobre promoção da saúde. O Grupo B fez seus exames com médicos do trabalho sem treinamento. Os trabalhadores responderam a um questionário no início e no final do estudo. RESULTADOS: não houve mudança dos indicadores objetivos relacionados à prática de atividade física, alimentação saudável e Índice de Massa Corpórea. Dados relacionados a tabagismo não puderam ser analisados estatisticamente devido ao pequeno tamanho das amostras. Houve progressão dos estágios de mudança comportamental no Grupo A (p=0,008) e no Grupo B (p=0,001) para o aumento da prática de atividade física; e no Grupo A (p=0,001) para melhora da alimentação visando o controle do peso. A empresa sofreu uma grande reorganização estrutural durante o período do estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Intervenções simples de promoção de saúde, incluídas no Programa de Controle Médico de Saúde Ocupacional, podem modificar os estágios de mudança comportamental, mas não foram observadas modificações nos indicadores objetivos pesquisados. Mudanças organizacionais podem ter influenciado os resultados deste estudo.
INTRODUCTION: Health promotion in the workplace is a subject of growing interest, especially over the last two decades. OBJECTIVE: This study was developed to measure the impact of health promotion actions on indicators related to tobacco use, physical activity, healthy eating, weight control, quality of life and stages of behaviour change among workers of a food company, during a 12 months period. INTERVENTION: Health promotion actions included the training of occupational physicians in health promotion counselling strategies, supervision and the giving of informative material. Two hundred and one workers were split into two groups (A and B). Group A had periodic evaluations provided by trained occupational physicians and received informative material about health promotion. Group B had their periodic evaluations provided by occupational physicians without the training. All the workers answered a questionnaire at the beginning ad the end of the study. RESULTS: There were no changes in the indicators related to the practice of physical activity, healthy eating or Body Mass Index. Data related to tobacco use could not be statistically analysed due to the small size of the samples. There was a progression in the stages of behaviour change in Group A (p=0,008) and Group B (p=0,001) in the increase of the practice of physical activity. The same was observed in Group A(p=0,001) in the improvement of the weight control focused diet. The company underwent a large structural reorganization during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Simple health promotion interventions included in the Occupational Health Medical Control Program can modify the stages of change, but were not identified improvements in the researched indicators. Organizational changes could have influenced the results of this study.

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Marcon, Roberta Maia. "O controle pelos antecedentes e consequentes nas respostas verbais de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1765.

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This study intention was to experimentally investigate the control by antecedent events, such as control to respond to discriminative stimulus or by motivating operation, and also by consequent events on the verbal response from three people: two males and a female, diagnosed with schizophrenia, aged 26 and 53 years. It was applied functional assessment strategies through direct and indirect observation, as well as by functional analyses or function analyses methodology. The latter implicates in the environmental events manipulation, especially in four conditions: attention, control, escape demand and alone. These conditions were manipulated in the presence of motivating operation, identified based on context variables, and operation in the presence of positive and negative reinforcement (attention conditions and escape demand). Functional analyses data indicated that bizarre vocalizations were issued with high frequency conditions attention and escape demand; showing the control to respond to establishing or reinforcement operation. For the control condition it was possible to decrease the effect from changing the reinforced stimuli effectiveness from the establishing operation. However, bizarre vocalizations were not emitted as the reinforcement stimulus were offered regardless it occurred or not, as reinforcement operation was not used. When alone, the bizarre vocalizations were abolished, evidencing the control to respond to the presence of abolishing operation and without reinforcement operation. Based on this study information, the conclusion is that the control exercised by antecedent events explains the control exercised from consequent events. This is because in different antecedent conditions, the probability of bizarre vocalization changes, justifying the necessity to analyze with same relevance the control from antecedent and consequent events as response to experimental manipulation as in this context. The functional analysis was complementary to the functional assessment from direct observation, which data were not enough to elucidate controlled events to bizarre vocalization. In addition, it was complementary to the functional assessment by direct observation that, although with enough data to indicate manipulations, these are from an experimental strategy. For this reason it was justified the use of functional analysis methodology from empiric studies about the control from the antecedents from behavior, including bizarre vocalizations from people with schizophrenia.
O presente estudo objetivou investigar experimentalmente o controle exercido pelos eventos antecedentes seja o controle do responder pelo estímulo discriminativo ou pela operação motivadora , e também pelos eventos consequentes sobre as respostas verbais de três pessoas: duas do sexo masculino e uma do sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e idades entre 26 e 53 anos. Com essa finalidade, empregou-se estratégias de avaliação funcional por observação indireta e por observação direta e a análise funcional ou metodologia de análise funcional. Esta última envolveu a manipulação de eventos ambientais em quatro condições principais: atenção, controle, fuga de demanda e sozinho. Essas condições foram manipuladas na presença de operação motivadora, identificada com base em variáveis de contexto, e na presença de operação de reforçamento positivo e negativo (condições atenção e fuga de demanda). Os dados da análise funcional apontaram que as vocalizações bizarras foram emitidas com alta frequência nas condições atenção e fuga de demanda, sendo evidenciado o controle do responder pela operação estabelecedora e pela operação de reforçamento. Na condição controle foi possível deduzir o efeito de alterar a eficácia do estímulo reforçador pela operação estabelecedora. Contudo, as vocalizações bizarras não foram emitidas haja vista que o estímulo reforçador foi disponibilizado independentemente da ocorrência das mesmas, por estar ausente uma operação de reforçamento. Na condição sozinho as vocalizações bizarras foram suprimidas, sendo evidenciado o controle sobre o responder quando na presença de operação abolidora e ausência de operação de reforçamento. Com base nos dados deste estudo conclui-se que o controle do responder exercido pelos eventos antecedentes melhor elucida o controle exercido pelos eventos consequentes. Isso porque na presença de diferentes condições antecedentes as vocalizações bizarras alteraram sua probabilidade de ocorrência na operação de reforçamento, o que justifica a importância de se analisar, com igual relevância, o controle pelos eventos antecedentes e consequentes sobre o responder em manipulações experimentais no contexto aplicado. Cumpre ressaltar que a análise funcional mostrou-se complementar à avaliação funcional por observação indireta, cujos dados não se mostraram suficientes para elucidar eventos controladores das vocalizações bizarras. Também mostrou-se complementar à avaliação funcional por observação direta que, embora forneça dados suficientes para delinear manipulações, estas se dão por meio de uma estratégia com a estrutura de um experimento. Isso justifica o uso da metodologia de análise funcional em estudos empíricos acerca do controle exercido pelos antecedentes sobre o comportamento, incluindo vocalizações bizarras de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia.

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Assis, Gracilene Ramos de. "Aspectos psicossociais relacionados às práticas de controle de infecção de profissionais de saúde". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-15032018-103626/.

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As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) desafiam constantemente a qualidade da assistência prestada no sistema de saúde como um todo. Apesar do conhecimento acerca do conceito de infecção hospitalar, suas origens, fatores relacionados e principalmente as medidas gerais de prevenção e controle das IRAS, o que normalmente se verifica, é a baixa adesão dos PAS às medidas preventivas. Existem várias medidas fortemente embasadas em evidências científicas, porém, a utilização dessas medidas, por profissionais de saúde, permanece um grande desafio. Estudos mencionam que o não cumprimento das diretrizes é um problema universal, e para desenvolver intervenções bem-sucedidas, são necessárias mais pesquisas sobre os determinantes comportamentais. Diante disso este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a adesão às práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção dos (PAS) que atuam em UTI, tais como: cuidados de manipulação e curativo de cateteres venosos centrais (CVC) e manipulação direta do paciente e de seu ambiente próximo e investigar uma possível correlação entre a adesão dos PAS e o desempenho de seus testes psicológicos que avaliaram seus Estilos de pensamento, Autoestima, Qualidade de vida, Estresse e Personalidade. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, prospectivo, no período de julho de 2012 a dezembro de 2013 em quatro Unidades de Terapia Intensiva em um grande hospital escola. Foram realizadas 7.572 observações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas de 248 profissionais que atuaram em quatro UTIs, constituídos por médicos e enfermeiros (auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros). Para a equipe de enfermagem a proporção de adesão para o procedimento de cuidados com a manipulação variou entre 13% e 95%, ficando com a menor adesão as etapas que envolveram a higienização das mãos (HM) antes de manipular o cateter e a desinfecção da conexão do CVC. Para o procedimento de cuidados com o curativo do CVC a proporção de adesão variou entre 14% e 99%, ficando com a menor adesão novamente as etapas que envolveram a HM antes de iniciar a troca do curativo do CVC. Para avaliação da equipe médica foi observada a adesão à HM das mãos nos cinco momentos propostos pela OMS. A proporção de adesão variou entre 10% e 98%. Observou-se menor taxa de adesão para os momentos \"Antes do contato direto com o paciente\", \"Após contato com ambiente próximo ao paciente\" e \"Antes de procedimentos assépticos\". Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística ajustado para avaliar a associação entre à adesão às práticas de controle de infecção e os testes psicológicos dos profissionais de saúde e apenas a autoestima e aspectos de personalidade (agressão, assistência, deferência, afago e afiliação) obtiveram associação com a adesão às práticas de controle de infecção. Conhecer fatores biopsicossociais (características de personalidade e autoestima) capazes de gerar comportamentos que influenciam o ato de adesão dos PAS às práticas de controle de infecção, pode ser um passo importante para projetar estratégias de intervenção mais eficientes para modificar o comportamento dos profissionais de saúde e aumentar as boas práticas
Health care-associated infections (HAI) consistently challenge the quality of care provided in the health system as a whole. Despite knowledge about hospital infection, its origins, associated factors and the general measures of prevention and control, usually a low adherence of healthcare professional to preventive measures is observed. There are several scientifically-based preventive measures, however the use of these guidelines by health professionals remains a major challenge. Studies point out that failure to comply with the guidelines is a universal problem and for successful interventions to be developed further research on behavioral determinants is needed. The objective of this study was: -to evaluate the adherence to the prevention and infection control practices by healthcare professionals working in ICUs, during procedures such as handling and dressing of central venous catheters (CVC), and direct manipulation of the patient and the close environment to the patient; and -to investigate a possible correlation between adherence of healthcare professionals and their performance in psychological tests (Styles of Thought, Self Esteem, Quality of Life, Stress and Personality). An observational, prospective study was carried out from July 2012 to December 2013 in four Intensive Care Units in a large teaching hospital. A total of 7,572 observations was made, for 248 healthcare professionals who worked in four ICUs. These were doctors and nurses (nurse assistants, nurse technicians and registered nurses). For the nursing team the proportion of adherence to adequate procedures involving CVC manipulation varied between 13% and 95%. The steps with smaller adhesion were: hand hygiene (HM) before beginning the CVC manipulation and disinfection of the CVC hub. For the CVC dressing, adherence varied between 14% and 99%. Lowest adherence was observed for HM before beginning the dressing. For doctors, hand hygiene was observed during the five moments proposed by the WHO. Compliance varied between 10% and 98%. Lowest compliance was observed for the moments: \" Before direct contact with the patient \",\" After contact with environment close to the patient \"and\" Before aseptic procedure \". An adjusted regression logistics model was used to evaluate the correlation between adherence to infection control practices by the healthcare professionals and their psychological tests. Self-esteem and aspects of personality (aggression, attendance, affiliation and cuddle) were associated with compliance. We believe that knowing biopsychosocial factors (personality traits and self-esteem) that may influence adherence of healthcare professionals to infection control practices can be an important step to develop more efficient intervention strategies to modify behavior and increase quality of care for patients

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Vartanian, Joana Figueiredo. "Efeitos da evocação sobre os comportamentos clinicamente relevantes na psicoterapia analítica funcional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-26092017-110243/.

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A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) aponta a relação terapêutica como meio de promoção de mudanças clínicas. Os comportamentos do cliente em sessão são classificados como CCR1s (comportamentos problema), CCR2s (comportamentos de melhora) e CCR3 (descrições funcionais a respeito do próprio comportamento). É papel do terapeuta atuar sobre esses CCRs com o intuito de aumentar CCR2 e CCR3, bem como diminuir a emissão de CCR1, o que é planejado por meio das regras: estar atento aos CCRs (regra 1), evocar diretamente CCRs (regra 2), consequenciar CCRs (regra 3), observar os efeitos do seu comportamento sobre o comportamento do cliente (regra 4) e fornecer interpretações analítico-funcionais e implementar estratégias de generalização (regra 5). Compreende-se que a similaridade funcional do contexto terapêutico com outros ambientes do cliente possibilita o acesso do terapeuta à classe de comportamentos alvo de intervenção clínica e que, ainda, é papel do terapeuta evocá-los diretamente, componente da FAP expresso pela regra 2. As pesquisas que investigam o mecanismo de mudança da FAP têm enfatizado o papel da consequenciação (regra 3) sobre a mudança comportamental observada nos clientes, entretanto, há indícios de que tal mudança seja também resultado de um processo evocativo ocorrendo em sessão, responsável por produzir o aumento da emissão de CCR2s e diminuição de CCR1s quando a FAP é conduzida. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o identificar quais os efeitos da evocação direta pelo terapeuta na FAP (variável independente) sobre os CCRs do cliente em sessão (variáveis dependentes), sendo utilizado delineamento experimental de caso único de reversão, com arranjo A-B1-BC1-B2-BC2 para uma cliente, com controle da inserção da evocação (arranjo A-BC1-B1-BC2-B2) para outro cliente. A fase A foi correspondente à linha de base, com realização de análise de contingências externas, as fases B corresponderam à condução de FAP sem evocação direta e as fases BC, à FAP completa. As sessões foram categorizadas com o Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) pela terapeuta e aferidoras de concordância, foi aplicado semanalmente o Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) que possibilitou o acompanhamento da evolução global dos clientes. Após três meses do encerramento do estudo, foi realizada uma sessão de follow-up com cada cliente, a qual indicou a manutenção de progressos com os mesmos. Como resultado no FAPRS, registrou-se o abrupto aumento de CCR2s e diminuição de CCR1s quando a evocação direta foi inserida, o aumento de CCR1 e diminuição de CCR2 quando a mesma foi retirada, bem como a replicação dessas duas fases e de seus efeitos sobre os comportamentos dos dois clientes. Nas fases em que a evocação não esteve presente, as porcentagens de CCRs assemelharam-se às observadas na linha de base. Observou-se também a importância da consequenciação com função evocativa, o que sustenta que a evocação e a consequenciação atuam de forma complementar. Tais resultados solidificam a proposta de que a produção de CCR2 nas sessões FAP tenha também por base a existência de processos evocativos atuantes, já que diante da ausência da evocação, registrou-se imediata diminuição de sua ocorrência. Nesse sentido, a evocação direta pode ser destacada como possuindo impacto relevante no mecanismo de mudança dessa psicoterapia
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) points to the therapeutic relationship as a way of promoting clinical changes. The client behaviors in session are classified as CRB1s (problem behaviors), CRB2s (improvement behaviors) and CRB3 (functional descriptions regarding any client´s behavior). FAP therapist should act on these CRBs in order to increase CRB2 and CRB3 and to reduce the emission of CRB1, which is planned by using the rules: to be aware of CRBs (rule 1), to evoke CRBs directly (rule 2), to contingently respond to CRBs (rule 3), to observe the effects of therapist´s behavior on client´s behavior (rule 4) and to provide analytic-functional interpretations and implement generalization strategies (rule 5). It is understood that the functional similarity of the therapeutic context to other client environments allows the therapist to access the class of target behaviors of clinical intervention and that it is also the role of the therapist to directly evoke them, a component of FAP expressed by rule 2. Researches focused on investigate the mechanism of change in FAP have emphasized the role of consequence (rule 3) on behavioral change observed in clients, however, there is evidence that such a change is the result of an evocative process occurring in session, which is responsible for producing increased CRB2s and decreased CRB1s emissions when FAP is conducted. Thus, the goal of this investigation was to identify the effects of direct evocation by the therapist in FAP (independent variable) on client CRBs in session (dependent variables), using an experimental design of a single-case experimental procedure, with design A -B1-BC1-B2-BC2 for one client, with control of the insertion of the independent variable (design A-BC1-B1-BC2-B2) to another client. Phase A corresponded to the baseline, without systematic use of FAP, phases B corresponded to FAP without direct evocation and phases BC, to the use of complete FAP. The sessions were categorized with the instrument Functional Analytical Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) by the therapist and independent coders. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) was applied weekly, allowing the therapist to monitor the overall evolution of clients and after three months of the end of the phases, a follow-up session was conducted with each client, which indicated the maintenance of the observed effects. As a result in FAPRS, it occurred the abrupt increase of CRB2s and decrease of CCR1s when direct evocation was inserted, the increase of CRB1 and decrease of CRB2 when it was withdrawn, as well as the replication of these two phases and their effects on the behaviors of the two clients. In the phases in which evocation was not present, the percentages of CRBs were similar to those observed in baseline. It was also observed the importance of the consequences with evocative function, which maintains that the evocation and the consequences provided by the therapist act in a complementary way. These results solidify the proposal that the increase of CRB2 in FAP is also based on the existence of evocative processes, since in the absence of evocation it is observed its immediate decrease. Therefore, direct evocation can be highlighted as having a relevant impact on the mechanism of change of this psychotherapy

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Silva, Marco Antônio Vieira da 1975. "Impacto de estratégias motivacionais e de ativação da intenção na prática da atividade física, modalidade caminhada, em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo II : ensaio clínico randomizado controlado: um estudo piloto = Motivational impact of strategies and of activation of intention in practice of physical activity, mode walk, in people with diabetes mellitus type II : clinical trial randomized controlled : a pilot study". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290869.

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Orientador: Fabio Luiz Mialhe
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O sedentarismo e a má alimentação, tão comuns nos dias de hoje, levam a patologias crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo II. A atividade física é um dos pilares no tratamento do diabetes e está associada às melhorias nos níveis de glicose plasmática e à ação da insulina, o que acaba por melhorar a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Entretanto, tem-se verificado as dificuldades dos profissionais de saúde em promover a adesão e manutenção deste comportamento nos indivíduos diabéticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de duas estratégias de intervenção, na adesão da atividade física, após o período de dois meses. A primeira utilizou uma abordagem motivacional, cuja finalidade foi a de aumentar a intenção do diabético para a prática da atividade física, modalidade caminhada. A segunda utilizou a mesma abordagem motivacional, porém associada à estratégia de ativação da intenção, cuja finalidade foi a de implementar o novo comportamento da caminhada. A estratégia de ativação da intenção foi colocada em prática através de dois instrumentos sequencialmente utilizados no grupo intervenção, o planejamento da ação e o planejamento de enfrentamento de obstáculos, por meio da visita domiciliar e do reforço telefônico O estudo foi realizado em duas Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, junto aos pacientes diabéticos que aceitaram participar da intervenção. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, tipo ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, com seis etapas para o grupo intervenção (GI) e quatro etapas para o grupo controle (GC). Na primeira etapa (T0) foram coletados, para ambos os grupos, os dados sobre a caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica (incluindo o exame de hemoglobina glicada) dos pacientes e mensurada as variáveis psicossociais intenção e autoeficácia sobre a prática da atividade física. Foram coletados, também, os dados sobre o nível de prática habitual de atividade física, através do questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ), versão curta e do autorrelato do comportamento. Já na segunda etapa (T1), no mesmo dia que T0, foi realizada a fase motivacional, intervenção feita em comum para ambos os grupos e mensurada novamente as variáveis psicossociais intenção e autoeficácia. A terceira etapa (T2), realizada em até sete dias após T1 e a quarta etapa (T3), após 30 dias de T2, foram realizadas somente no grupo intervenção (GI), através das estratégias de Ativação da Intenção, por meio da visita domiciliar (T2) e do reforço telefônico (T3). Ao final de dois meses (T4), os participantes, de ambos os grupos, foram submetidos à quinta etapa para a coleta de dados, a fim de avaliar os resultados da intervenção. Após 90 dias, contados a partir de T0, realizou-se a sexta etapa (T5), em ambos os grupos, através da coleta de sangue para o exame de hemoglobina glicada, sendo esta a última etapa da pesquisa. A amostra foi constituída por aposentados, do gênero feminino, com média de 60,5 anos de idade, casados, com baixo nível socioeconômico e baixo nível de escolaridade. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, constatou-se, como principal comorbidade a hipertensão arterial, o elevado uso de antidiabéticos orais e ausência de dieta controlada por nutricionista. Houve diferença estatística significativa, após dois meses de seguimento, no grupo intervenção (GI), em se tratando do aumento da prática da caminhada, constatados após a mensuração do autorrelato do comportamento (p-valor 0,0050) e do questionário internacional de atividade física ¿ IPAQ em seus desmembramentos: IPAQ dias caminhados por semana (p-valor 0,0076), IPAQ minutos caminhados por dia (p-valor 0,0050) e IPAQ minutos caminhados por semana (p-valor 0,0015), como também, do aumento significativo da intenção em realizar a caminhada (p-valor 0,0107). E, em consequência desta mudança comportamental, houve uma diminuição significativa da circunferência abdominal, após dois meses, para o grupo intervenção (p-valor 0,0048). Os dados apontaram que a associação da fase motivacional com as estratégias de ativação da intenção, realizadas na visita domiciliar e por reforço telefônico foram efetivas, na promoção da atividade física, entre os portadores do diabetes mellitus tipo II
Abstract: Physical inactivity and poor diet, so common these days, lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II. Physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of diabetes and is associated with improvements in plasma glucose and insulin action, which ultimately improve the quality of life of the individual. However, there has been the difficulties of health professionals in promoting adhesion and maintenance of this behavior in diabetic individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two intervention strategies, the accession of physical activity after a period of two months. The first used a motivational approach, whose purpose was to increase the intention diabetic for physical activity, walking mode. The second used the same motivational approach, however associated with activation of intention strategy, whose aim was to implement the new behavior of the walk. The activation strategy of intention was acted sequentially through two instruments used in the intervention group, action planning and coping planning obstacles, through home visits and telephone reinforcement. The study was conducted in two Health Units family of a municipality in the state of São Paulo, with diabetic patients who agreed to participate in the intervention. This is a pilot study, a randomized controlled study with six stages in the intervention group (IG) and four steps to the control group (CG) clinical trial. In the first stage (T0) were collected for both groups, data on sociodemographic and clinical (including examination of glycated hemoglobin) of the patients and the psychosocial variables measured intention and self-efficacy on physical activity. Were also collected data on the level of habitual physical activity, through the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), short version and self-reported behavior. In the second stage (T1), the same day as T0, the motivational phase, action taken in common to both groups and the psychosocial variables measured intention and self-efficacy was performed again. The third phase (T2), held within seven days after T1 and the fourth stage (T3), after 30 days of T2, were performed only in the intervention group (IG), using strategies Activation of Intent, through home visits (T2) and telephone reinforcement (T3). At the end of two months (T4), participants of both groups were submitted to the fifth step to collect data in order to evaluate the results of the intervention. After 90 days, counted from T0, held the sixth stage (T5) in both groups through the collection of blood for examination of glycated hemoglobin, which is the last stage of the research. The sample consisted of retired females, with a mean of 60.5 years of age, married, with low socioeconomic status and low education levels. In relation to clinical variables, it was found, as the main comorbid hypertension, increased use of oral antidiabetics and absence of controlled diet dietitian. There was a statistically significant difference after two months of follow up, the intervention group (IG), in the case of increased practice of walking, observed after the measurement of self-reported behavior (p ¿ 0,0050) and international activity questionnaire physics - IPAQ in its ramifications : IPAQ footed days per week (p - 0,0076), IPAQ hiked minutes per day (p ¿ 0,0050) and hiked IPAQ minutes per week (p ¿ 0,0015), as also , the significant increase in the intention to make the trek (p ¿ 0,0107) . And in consequence of this behavioral change, there was a significant reduction in waist circumference after two months for the intervention group (p ¿ 0,0048). The data showed that the combination of motivational strategies phase with activation of intention made in home visits and telephone reinforcement were effective in promoting physical activity among patients with diabetes mellitus type II
Mestrado
Odontologia em Saude Coletiva
Mestre em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

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Khenayfis, Sandra Amoyr. "A influência da qualidade do atendimento na decisão de compra". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7827.

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This research investigates the influence of service quality on purchase decision in the mobile phone retail market, as well as a relationship between the consumer’s previous knowledge of mobile services and the importance of salesmen help during the sales encounter. In order to achieve that, a survey was conducted in Rio de Janeiro city using mobile phone retail stores as its research locus. Among other factors, the survey measured consumer’s previous knowledge of mobile services, consumer satisfaction, the importance attributed to salesperson’s help during the sales encounter and the intent to purchase. The quantitative phase was preceded by a qualitative one, in order to acknowledge which were the consumer’s most used attributes to measure service quality. As a result, it was found, in agreement with other previous studies, that service quality positively impacted on purchase decision. The results and both the academic and managerial implications are discussed in this work. Finally, suggestions of future studies are provided alongside the analysis.
Neste estudo verifica-se a influência da qualidade do atendimento na decisão de compra de planos pós-pagos de telefonia móvel celular, bem como a existência de uma correlação entre o grau de conhecimento que o consumidor já possui sobre o serviço antes de adquiri-lo e a importância atribuída ao auxílio do vendedor no momento da compra. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com pessoas que adquiriram planos pós-pagos nas lojas de uma operadora de telefonia móvel na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, por meio da qual foram analisados: o grau de conhecimento prévio dos compradores sobre os serviços, o grau de satisfação com o atendimento, a importância atribuída ao auxílio do vendedor para a tomada de decisão de compra, entre outros indicadores. A etapa quantitativa foi precedida de uma fase qualitativa, a fim de levantar os atributos considerados importantes pelos clientes para medir a qualidade de atendimento e, com base neles, construídos os questionários que, depois de aplicados e analisados, resultaram na constatação de uma correlação positiva entre a percepção de qualidade no atendimento e a decisão de compra. Os resultados são discutidos, bem como as implicações acadêmicas e gerenciais.

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Gonçalves, Priscila Dib. "Xadrez motivacional: uma nova abordagem de estimulação das funções executivas em dependentes de cocaína/crack". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-09022015-122038/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A dependência de cocaína/crack está associada a prejuízos neuropsicológicos, principalmente nas funções executivas, estas gerenciadas predominantemente pelo córtex préfrontal do cérebro. O jogo de xadrez é uma atividade que recruta funções executivas e tem sido empregado na reabilitação de pacientes com outros transtornos psiquiátricos; porém, nenhum estudo, até hoje, avaliou o impacto deste jogo em pacientes com dependência química. OBJETIVO: Investigar a viabilidade e o impacto de uma abordagem inovadora, o Xadrez Motivacional, com foco na estimulação das funções executivas, especialmente em memória de trabalho, planejamento e tomada de decisões. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 72 pacientes entre 18 e 45 anos que estavam internados na Enfermaria do Comportamento Impulsivo (ECIM) do IPq-HC-FMUSP com diagnóstico de dependência de cocaína/crack. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, o Grupo Intervenção (n=42), submetido ao Xadrez Motivacional (intervenções por meio de estratégias de Entrevista Motivacional e jogo de xadrez) e o Grupo Controle, (n=30) submetido a atividades recreativas. Os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção (aproximadamente um mês de abstinência) através de testes neuropsicológicos e escalas de autopreenchimento. RESULTADOS: Foi observada melhoria significativa na maioria das funções avaliadas, em ambos os grupos (intervenção e controle), porém a participação no Grupo Intervenção associou-se com uma melhoria mais significativa em memória de trabalho verbal. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados são promissores por demonstrarem a viabilidade do Xadrez Motivacional nesta população e, principalmente, por auxiliar significativamente na melhoria da memória de trabalho no Grupo Intervenção
INTRODUCTION: Crack cocaine dependence is associated with neuropsychological impairments, mainly in executive functions, managed predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The game of chess is an activity that recruits executive functions and has been used in the rehabilitation of patients with other psychiatric disorders, but no study to date has evaluated the impact of this game on patients with substance dependency. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and impact of an innovative approach, Motivational Chess, focusing on executive function stimulation, especially in working memory, planning and decision making. METHODS: The study enrolled 72 patients between 18 and 45 years who were admitted in the Impulsive Behavior Ward (ECIM) of IPq-HC-FMUSP diagnosed with crack/cocaine dependence. Patients were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n=42) underwent Motivational Chess (interventions using Motivational Interviewing strategies and chess game) and the control group (n=30) was submitted to recreational activities. Patients were assessed pre and post intervention (approximately one month of abstinence) using neuropsychological tests and self-report scales. RESULTS: We found significant improvement in most of the functions evaluated in both groups (control and intervention), but participation in the intervention group was associated with a more significant improvement in verbal working memory. CONCLUSION: These results are promising to show the feasibility of this approach of cognitive stimulation in this population and mainly to aid significantly improve of working memory

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Almeida, Bruno Miguel Matos de. "Executive compensation inside family-controlled firms : is self-motivation enough?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18794.

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The purpose of this research is to analyse the differences in chief executive officer (CEO) pay-to-performance sensitivity in family and non-family controlled firms. The corporate governance literature argues that CEOs in family businesses have superior incentives with regards to maximizing firm performance and therefore require less compensation-based incentives. In order to validate such assumptions, an analysis was carried out to test whether family CEOs´ total compensation and performance-based incentives are lower than in non-family controlled firms. Employing a fixed effects panel data regression on a sample of 80 firms it is shown that neither total pay nor equity-based compensation seems to be affected by the ownership structure of the firm. Furthermore, the change in the compensation scheme for a firm that replaced a family CEO with a non-family executive was studied. The case study suggests that family controlled firms should increase compensation of non-family related CEOs.

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"The Influence of Motivation on Evidence Assimilation in a Controlled Judgement Task". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53931.

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abstract: Prior research suggests that people ignore evidence that is inconsistent with what they want to believe. However, this research on motivated reasoning has focused on how people reason about familiar topics and in situations where the evidence presented interacts with strongly-held prior beliefs (e.g., the effectiveness of the death penalty as a crime deterrent). This makes it difficult to objectively assess how biased people are in motivated-reasoning contexts. Indeed, recent work by Jern and colleagues (2014) suggests that apparent instances of motivated reasoning may actually be instances of rational belief-updating. Inspired by this new account, the current studies reexamined motivated reasoning using a controlled categorization task and tested whether people assimilate evidence differently when they are motivated to maintain a certain belief versus when they are not. Contrary to earlier research on motivated reasoning, six studies with children and adults (N = 1295) suggest that participants’ motivations did not affect their information search and their beliefs were driven primarily by the evidence, even when the evidence was incongruent with their motivations. This work provides initial evidence for the account proposed by Jern and colleagues.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2019

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Bogdanovich, Vera. "Self-Determination Motivation and Perceived Barriers in the Vegetable Eating Context". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7385.

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Mean daily vegetable consumption is below the recommended 7-10 servings in the diet of adult Canadians. This thesis aimed to investigate the moderating role of perceived barriers on the relationship between motivation and (greater) vegetable consumption. 606 people from the Ontario Food panel participated in the online study. The results identified a positive moderating effect of perceived barriers on the relationship between autonomous motivation and vegetable consumption (p < .05) and negative approaching significance moderating effect of perceived barriers on controlled motivation and vegetable intake (p = 0.056). Also four motivational profiles of consumers were identified and described in terms of vegetable consumption, food related behaviors, stages of change and socio-demographic characteristics. These results extend the Self-Determination Theory with perceived barriers component and can inform intervention program development for social marketers and policy makers.

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"A Study on the Motivation of Editorial Professionals in the Reform of A State-Controlled Media Group in China". Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38524.

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abstract: The traditional newspaper industry has been under tremendous pressure in recent years due to the emergence and growth of new media. Experiencing of a fast-shrinking market share, many traditional newspaper companies are either pushed out of business or are forced to innovate and reform. In this thesis, I investigate the organizational changes at one of the largest newspaper groups in China, particularly regarding its incentive systems as the group adjusts its business scopes under both internal and external institutional constraints. Publishers of newspapers were traditionally considered non-profit organizations or social institutions in China. Because of their focus on social goals, their activities were not market driven, including the incentive systems for editorial staff members who were central to the content of the newspapers. As the competition from market-driven new media companies increased, many traditional newspaper organizations started to transform themselves into profit-seeking companies. To survive and grow stronger in the new environment, the traditional newspaper industry needs to effectively motivate its workforce by implementing an effective incentive system for the editorial staff. In this study I first explain the difficulities the traditional newspaper organizations face to implement an incentive system that both satisfies media’s social responsibility and creates sufficient incentive for for editorial staff. Next, I provides a brief history of the reforms occurred in the Chinese newspaper industry in general and the reforms in Shanghai in particular. I then conduct in-depth case analyses of the incentive systems adopted by four successful companies, including one U.S. media company, two Chinese media groups, and one private non-media company in China. Based on the findings from these case analyses and a demographic analysis of the challenges in motivating editorial staff, a new incentive system is designed and implemented in a major newspaper/media group in Shanghai, followed by a survey of its effects on the editorial staff months later. According to the survey, I find that editorial staff members are generally positive about the reforms that have been carried out at this media group, reinforcing the confidence of the group’s leaders in continuing to push the reforms forward. This study concludes by proposing a framework that can be used to guide the transformation of the traditional newspaper organizations to market-driven new media companies.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

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Silva, Joana Daniela de Oliveira. "Impact of Exercise on Pain Control, Quality of Life and Motivation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86371.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina do Desporto apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina
Introdução:A artrose do joelho está entre os distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos mais prevalentes, sobretudo em idades mais avançada e o exercício é das opções mais eficazes de tratamento não farmacológico, embora o seu impacto não esteja totalmente estudado.Objetivo:Avaliar o impacto do exercício físico na gonalgia, motivação para o exercício físico e na qualidade de vida das pessoas com artrose do joelho no contexto de cuidados primários.Métodos: Ensaio clínico não farmacológico, randomizado e controlado. Amostra composta por pacientes dos cuidados de saúde primários com idade superior a 50 anos e diagnóstico de artrose de joelho randomizada em grupos de intervenção e controlo. Avaliação através de dados biométricos e questionários antes e depois do cumprimento do plano de exercício com 8 semanas de seguimento.Resultados: Vinte e sete pacientes foram estudados. A maioria era do sexo masculino, representando 51,9% da amostra. Os participantes tinham entre 59 e 85 anos, com idade média de 70,7 +/- 6,7 anos, sem diferenças biométricas ou demográficas entre os grupos. O grupo de intervenção teve uma diminuição no peso e IMC (p=0,009) e menor intensidade de dor depois do período experimental em relação ao grupo controlo (p = 0,178). Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos no perímetro abdominal (p = 0,050), qualidade de vida (p <0,001), motivação para exercício (p = 0,002) e nível de atividade física (p <0,001) no final do período experimental.Conclusão: Um programa de exercício físico de 8 semanas tem um impacto positivo no perímetro abdominal, qualidade de vida, motivação para o exercício e nível de atividade física em pacientes com artrose do joelho.
Introduction: Knee osteoarthrosis is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, especially in elderly and exercise is one of the most effective non-pharmacological treatment options, although its impact is not totally studied.Objective: Evaluate the impact of physical exercise on knee pain, quality of life and exercise motivation in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: Non-pharmacological, randomized, controlled clinical trial with a sample composed by primary care patients with age over 50 years, with diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis randomly assigned to a intervention and a control group. Evaluations through biometric data and questionnaires before and after exercise plan compliance with for 8 weeks follow-up.Results: Twenty seven patients were studied. The majority was male accounting for 51,9% (N=14) of the sample. The participants were between 59 and 85 years old with a mean age of 70,7 +/- 6,7 years, with no demographic or biometric differences between groups. The intervention group had a decrease in weight and BMI (p=0,009) and less and less pain intensity after the trial, compared to control group (p=0,178). Statistically significant differences between groups were found in abdominal perimeter (p=0,050), quality of life (p<0,001), motivation for exercise (p=0,002) and physical activity level (p<0,001) at the end of the trial.Conclusion: A physical exercise 8 week program has a positive impact in abdominal perimeter, quality of life, motivation for exercise and physical activity level in patients in knee osteoarthritis.

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"Growth Mindset Training to Increase Women's Self-Efficacy in Science and Engineering: A Randomized-Controlled Trial". Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25875.

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abstract: Undeclared undergraduates participated in an experimental study designed to explore the impact of an Internet-delivered "growth mindset" training on indicators of women's engagement in science, engineering, technology, and mathematics ("STEM") disciplines. This intervention was hypothesized to increase STEM self-efficacy and intentions to pursue STEM by strengthening beliefs in intelligence as malleable ("IQ attitude") and discrediting gender-math stereotypes (strengthening "stereotype disbelief"). Hypothesized relationships between these outcome variables were specified in a path model. The intervention was also hypothesized to bolster academic achievement. Participants consisted of 298 women and 191 men, the majority of whom were self-identified as White (62%) and 18 years old (85%) at the time of the study. Comparison group participants received training on persuasive writing styles and control group participants received no training. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment, comparison, or control groups. At posttest, treatment group scores on measures of IQ attitude, stereotype disbelief, and academic achievement were highest; the effects of group condition on these three outcomes were statistically significant as assessed by analysis of variance. Results of pairwise comparisons indicated that treatment group IQ attitude scores were significantly higher than the average IQ attitude scores of both comparison and control groups. Treatment group scores on stereotype disbelief were significantly higher than those of the comparison group but not those of the control group. GPAs of treatment group participants were significantly higher than those of control group participants but not those of comparison group participants. The effects of group condition on STEM self-efficacy or intentions to pursue STEM were not significant. Results of path analysis indicated that the hypothesized model of the relationships between variables fit to an acceptable degree. However, a model with gender-specific paths from IQ attitude and stereotype disbelief to STEM self-efficacy was found to be superior to the hypothesized model. IQ attitude and stereotype disbelief were positively related; IQ attitude was positively related to men's STEM self-efficacy; stereotype disbelief was positively related to women's STEM self-efficacy, and STEM self-efficacy was positively related to intentions to pursue STEM. Implications and study limitations are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Counseling Psychology 2014

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Marinho, Susana Raquel Marques. "The relationship between core self-evaluations and the perceived lack of health among unemployment individuals with autonomous and controlled motivayion as mediators". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22360.

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Previous research has shown a positive relationship between unemployed individuals and their perception of lack of health. This paper studies the impact psychological factors have on this relationship. Using motivation as a mediator on a sample of 298 unemployed individuals, it can be verified that core self-evaluations have, indeed, an impact on these individuals’ perception of lack of health. Moreover, unemployed individuals searching for a job in a controlled way, have a higher perception of lack of health. These conclusions lead to recommendations such as the implementation of psychological support on the job search.

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Gouveia, Rita Amaral Barata Beja Manaças. "Contágio motivacional : relação entre a perceção da motivação dos clientes, a motivação dos profissionais de exercício e as estratégias por estes utilizadas". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20271.

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Enquadramento: A promoção de estilos de vida ativos é um desafio diário para os profissionais de exercício. Conhecer a sua própria motivação para tal trabalho é fundamental para se perceber as estratégias que utilizam com os seus clientes. Objetivo: Tendo como base a Teoria da Auto Determinação, numa amostra de profissionais de exercício a trabalhar em contexto de ginásios e health clubs, procurou-se analisar as potenciais associações entre a perceção que estes profissionais têm do tipo de motivação dos seus clientes para o exercício, a sua própria motivação para a profissão, e o tipo de estratégias motivacionais (Controlo vs. Suporte à Autonomia) utilizadas. Foi ainda explorado o papel de variáveis sócio demográficas e laborais. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 366 profissionais (193 Homens, 172 Mulheres, 1 Não Especificado) em relação à motivação para o trabalho, à perceção de motivação dos clientes e às estratégias motivacionais utilizadas. O estudo foi realizado com análises descritivas, correlações bivariadas, testes t para amostras independentes e ANOVA. Resultados e Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que quanto maior a perceção de motivação autónoma para o exercício nos clientes, maior será a motivação autónoma e a motivação controlada para o trabalho nos profissionais. E quanto maior a perceção de motivação controlada nos clientes maior será a motivação para o trabalho (seja do tipo controlado ou autónomo). Já a perceção de amotivação no cliente associa-se a amotivação no profissional e com motivações controladas. O uso de estratégias de suporte às necessidades básicas está relacionado positivamente com a perceção de motivação autónoma nos clientes, verificandose também uma associação entre perceção de motivação controlada e uso de estratégias controladoras. O número de horas de trabalho e os anos de experiência são também fatores a ter em consideração, já que podem influenciar a perceção da motivação do cliente e o tipo de estratégias utilizadas.
Background: Promoting active lifestyles is a daily challenge for exercise professionals. Understanding work motivation in these professionals is of paramount importance for the type of strategies normally used with gym clients. Purpose: Based on Self Determination Theory, in a sample of exercise professionals working in the context of gyms and health clubs, we sought to analyze the potential associations amongst the perception they have of their client’s exercise motivation, their own motivation for their work, and the type of motivational strategies (Control vs. Autonomy Support) used. The role of socio-demographic and labor variables was also explored. Methods: A total of 366 professionals (193 males, 172 females, 1 non specified) were evaluated in relation to the motivation for the work, the perception of motivation of the clients and the motivational strategies used. The study was carried out with descriptive analyzes, bivariate correlations, t-tests for independent samples and ANOVA. Results and Conclusions: The results suggest that a higher perception of autonomous motivation in their clients is associated with greater work-related autonomous and controlled motivation. Furthermore, the greater the perception of controlled motivation in the clients, the greater work motivation (whether controlled or autonomous). Perceived client ’amotivation is associated with professional work amotivation, and with controlled motivations. The use of strategies to support basic needs is positively related to the perception of client autonomous motivation. An association between the perception of client ‘controlled motivation and the use of controlling strategies was also found. The number of working hours and years of experience are also factors to be taken into account, influencing both the perception of the client's motivation and the type of strategies used.

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Perreau-Linck, Elisabeth. "Évaluation de l’effet du neurofeedback sur les capacités d’inhibition d’enfants ayant un Trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4261.

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Le neurofeedback (NF) suscite actuellement un vif intérêt dans la prise en charge du trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) chez l’enfant. Proposée comme méthode alternative à la médication par de nombreux cliniciens, notamment aux États-Unis, le NF est une intervention non-invasive de type électrophysiologique qui repose sur l’apprentissage par conditionnement opérant de l’autorégulation d’ondes cérébrales déviantes. Les études empiriques qui étayent cette pratique font toutefois l’objet de virulentes critiques de la part de spécialistes dans le domaine du TDAH en raison de résultats systématiquement positifs mais non spécifiques, auxquels s’ajoutent de nombreuses lacunes méthodologiques. Les travaux de cette thèse visent à appliquer une méthodologie stricte de type essai clinique contrôlé avec assignation aléatoire afin d’isoler les effets particuliers du NF, en appliquant un protocole d’entraînement propre au déficit primaire sous-tendant le TDAH, soit l’inhibition motrice, dans le but d’évaluer la spécificité de cette intervention. Dans un premier temps, les connaissances relatives à la nosologie du TDAH, à ses principaux traitements, au NF et aux capacités d’inhibition chez l’enfant ayant un TDAH sont présentées (Chapitre 1). Ensuite, les études réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse sont exposées. Dans l’étude initiale, la spécificité du NF est évaluée sur les capacités d’inhibition grâce à des mesures subjectives, soit des questionnaires de comportements complétés par les parents, ainsi que des mesures objectives, à savoir des tâches neuropsychologiques (Chapitre 2). Afin de préciser davantage les conséquences d’un entraînement à l’autorégulation d’ondes cérébrales, l’étude subséquente s’est intéressée à l’impact neurophysiologiques de l’amélioration des capacités d’inhibition, par le biais d’une étude en potentiels évoqués employant une tâche de performance continue de type Stop-signal (Chapitre 3). Les principaux résultats reflètent un recrutement sous optimal, avec une puissance statistique insuffisante pour réaliser des statistiques quantitatives de groupe. Néanmoins, l’appréciation des données selon une approche d’étude de cas multiples permet de mettre en évidence la présence d’une réponse placebo sur les capacités d’inhibition suite à un entraînement en NF. Finalement, les implications de la taille de l’échantillon, ainsi que les limites et les critiques de ces études sont discutées au Chapitre 4.
In recent years, there has been a lively interest in the use of neurofeedback (NF) as an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy in pediatric Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NF is defined as an operant conditioning procedure whereby an individual learns to self-regulate electrical brain activity. Yet, empirical studies supporting its practice are harshly criticized in the field of ADHD research due to systematic unspecific positive results associated to numerous methodological flaws. Studies presented in this dissertation aim at applying a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to the investigation of NF specific effects. In order to further establish treatment specificity, we trained the participants using a NF protocol characteristic to motor-inhibition functioning since it has repeatedly been described as the core deficit in ADHD. The fist part of this thesis comprises a brief review of knowledge concerning ADHD, principal treatments offered for this disorder, NF research in pediatric ADHD and inhibition abilities in these children (Chapter 1). Following are the two studies conducted as part of this dissertation. In the initial study, effects of NF training are investigated on inhibition capacities by means of behavior rating scales and neuropsychological tests (Chapter 2). With the aim of further defining the consequence of training to self-regulate ones brain activity, the subsequent study looks at the neurophysiologic impact of improving inhibition capacities with an event-related potential study using a Stop-signal continuous performance task (Chapter 3). The principal results reveal a non optimal recruitment, with insufficient statistical power, thus precluding quantitative group statistics. Nevertheless, appreciating the data from a multiple case study perspective enables to suggest that a placebo response could be at play following NF training, such as measured by improvements on inhibition capacities. Finally, the implications of such a small sample size, limits and critics of these studies are discussed in Chapter 4.

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