Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Convection drying

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Convection drying”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 28 maja 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Convection drying"

Kumar, Mahesh, Pankaj Khatak, Ravinder Kumar Sahdev i Om Prakash. "The effect of open sun and indoor forced convection on heat transfer coefficients for the drying of papad". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, nr 2 (1.05.2011): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i2a3214.

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In this research paper, a simulation study has been carried out for the determination of convective heat transfer coefficients of papad under open sun drying and indoor forced convection drying modes. Experimental data obtained from open sun and indoor forced convection drying modes for papad were used to determine the values of the constants (C and n) in Nusselt number expression by using linear regression analysis, and consequently convective heat transfer coefficients were evaluated. The average values of convective heat transfer coefficients were found to be 3.54 and 1.56 W/m2 oC under open sun drying and indoor forced convection drying modes respectively. The experimental errors in terms of percent uncertainty were also evaluated.

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Moguel-Ordóñez, Yolanda B., Diana L. Cabrera-Amaro, Maira R. Segura-Campos i Jorge C. Ruiz-Ruiz. "Studies on drying characteristic, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves". International Agrophysics 29, nr 3 (1.07.2015): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0039.

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Abstract Drying characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves using radiation drying, convection drying, sun drying, and shade drying treatments were investigated in a convective type. Results for all treatments indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. The chroma of the dried samples ranged between 29.66 and 23.85. Convection and shade drying samples were found better in colour and had the highest content of total pigments. The proximate and fibre composition were affected by the drying treatments. Extracts obtained from convection drying and shade drying leaves exhibited higher values of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities 416.89-423.64 mM mg−1 and ferric reducing power 85.19-87.97%. These extracts also showed ion chelating capacity 59.05-60.21% for Cu+2 and 55.05-59.11% for Fe+2. The results indicate that it is possible to select the drying treatment to obtain the best nutritional and biological properties. Convection drying and shade drying were the least aggressive treatments and leaf powders obtained by these drying methods could be used as sources of nutrients, fibre, and antioxidant compounds.

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EL-Mesery, Hany S., Abd El-Fatah Abomohra, Chan-Ung Kang, Ji-Kwang Cheon, Bikram Basak i Byong-Hun Jeon. "Evaluation of Infrared Radiation Combined with Hot Air Convection for Energy-Efficient Drying of Biomass". Energies 12, nr 14 (22.07.2019): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142818.

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Cost-effective biomass drying is a key challenge for energy recovery from biomass by direct combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. The aim of the present study was to optimize the process of biomass drying using hot air convection (HA), infrared (IR), and combined drying systems (IR-HA). The specific energy consumption (SEC) decreased significantly by increasing the drying temperature using convective drying, but higher air velocities increased the SEC. Similarly, increasing air velocity in the infrared dryer resulted in a significant increase in SEC. The lowest SEC was recorded at 7.8 MJ/kg at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s and an IR intensity of 0.30 W/cm2, while a maximum SEC (20.7 MJ/kg) was observed at 1.0 m/s and 0.15 W/cm2. However, a significant reduction in the SEC was noticed in the combined drying system. A minimum SEC of 3.8 MJ/kg was recorded using the combined infrared-hot air convection (IR-HA) drying system, which was 91.7% and 51.7% lower than convective and IR dryers, respectively. The present study suggested a combination of IR and hot air convection at 60 °C, 0.3 W/cm2 and 0.5 m/s as optimum conditions for efficient drying of biomass with a high water content.

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Mathuriya, Goldi. "Analysis Effects of Average Value of Convective and Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient on Solar Cabinet Dryer for Reduction of Mass of Papad". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 12 (31.12.2021): 1511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39522.

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Abstract: In this research paper, the behavior of heat and mass transfer phenomenon during greenhouse papad drying under forced convection mode has been investigated. Various experiments were performed during the month of April 2020 at SRCEM Banmore, morena (26o 34’13” N 78o 10’48” E). Experimental data obtained for forced convection greenhouse drying of papad were used to determine the constants in the Nusselt number expression by using the simple linear regression analysis and, consequently, the values of convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients were evaluated. The average values of experimental constants C and n were determined as 0.9714 and 0.0129 respectively. The average values of convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients were determined as 0.0886 W/m2 oC and 6.7583 W/m2 oC respectively. The experimental error in terms of percentage uncertainty was also evaluated. Keywords: Papad, Papad drying, Heat transfer coefficient, Convective, Evaporative, Forced convection greenhouse

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Kumar, Mahesh. "Experimental study on natural convection greenhouse drying of papad". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, nr 4 (1.11.2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i4a3144.

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In this paper, the convective heat transfer coefficients of papad for greenhouse drying under a natural convection mode are reported. Various experiments were conducted during the month of April 2010 at Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar, India (29o5’5” N 75o45’55” E). Experimental data obtained for the natural convection greenhouse drying of papad was used to evaluate the constants in the Nusselt number expression by using simple linear regression analysis. These values of the constant were used further to determine the values of the convective heat transfer coefficient. The average value of a convective heat transfer coefficient was determined as 1.23 W/m2 oC. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was also evaluated.

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Barreto, Alberto A., Mauri Fortes, Wanyr R. Ferreira i Luiz C. A. Crespo. "Transport coefficients for low and high-rate mass transfer along a biological horizontal cylinder". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 10, nr 2 (czerwiec 2006): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662006000200027.

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Knowledge of heat and mass transfer coefficients is essential for drying simulation studies or design of food and grain thermal processes, including drying. This work presents the full development of a segregated finite element method to solve convection-diffusion problems. The developed scheme allows solving the incompressible, steady-state Navier-Stokes equations and convective-diffusive problems with temperature and moisture dependent properties. The problem of simultaneous energy, momentum and species transfer along an infinite, horizontal cylinder under drying conditions in forced convection is presented, considering conditions normally found in biological material thermal treatment or drying. Numerical results for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were compared against available empirical expressions; the results agreed within the associated experimental errors. For high rate mass transport processes, the proposed methodology allows to simulate drying conditions involving wall convective mass flux by a simple inclusion of the appropriated boundary conditions.

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Martínez-Castaño, Marcela, Diana Paola Mejía Díaz, José Contreras-Calderón i Cecilia Gallardo Cabrera. "Physicochemical properties of bean pod (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour and its potential as a raw material for the food industry". Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 73, nr 2 (1.05.2020): 9179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.81564.

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The sustainable development of agro-industry requires the efficient use of all raw matters, which implies physicochemical and functional studies of by-products for finding their potential usage in industrial processes. The objective of the present study was to assess some physicochemical and functional properties of fIour obtained from the bean pod. Two types of drying methods were tested: convection and vacuum. The fIours tended to yellow color according to b* parameter values (convection drying: 17.54; vacuum drying: 18.35), with a slight red hue. They also showed high water-holding (convection drying: 8.30 g g-1; vacuum drying: 7.56 g g-1) and oil holding capacity (convection drying: 2.53 g g-1; vacuum drying: 2.56 g g-1), polyphenols content (convection drying: 26.62 mg GAE g-1 DW; vacuum drying: 3.77 mg GAE g-1 DW) and antioxidant capacity (convection drying: 33.42 µmol Trolox g-1; vacuum drying: 5.27 µmol Trolox g-1). The results were similar for the two types of drying methods, except for the antioxidant capacity. Since convection drying is more economical and available than vacuum drying, only the fIour obtained by convection method was analyzed on compositional and structural characteristics. This fIour showed to be a good source of dietary fiber (66.93%), being the insoluble fiber the predominant fraction (59.97%). Moreover, a high content of ash (6.65%) and low lipid content (0.58%) were also found. The IR spectrum showed signs corroborating the presence of dietary fiber, which also was evidenced morphologically. Overall, the results obtained indicated that the bean pod fIour obtained by convection drying has potential use as a raw material for the food industry.

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Adabi, Esmaeili, Ali Motevali, Ali Nikbakht i Hadi Khoshtaghaza. "Investigation of some pretreatments on energy and specific energy consumption drying of black mulberry". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 19, nr 1 (2013): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111120045a.

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Massive consumption of energy in drying industry makes it a matter of challenge regarding economical aspects and limited recourses. Several methods for drying including hot air convection, vacuum, infrared and hot air convection-infrared technologies were applied in order to estimate the consumed energy during the drying of mulberry fruit. Moreover, microwave heating, chemical (ethyl oleate and potassium), mechanical (ultrasonic) and blanching (hot water) pretreatments were compared. According to the Results, maximum energy consumption was recorded when no pretreatment was performed. Microwave heating in the hot air convection-infrared dryer resulted in the lowest consumption of energy. Total energy requirement decreased with the temperature in the convection dryer res. Conversely, energy increased with air velocity. The vacuum dryer consumed the highest amount of energy which was measured to be 46.95 kWh while the lowest energy was recorded with using infrared-convective dryers. Also Experimental results showed that minimum and maximum specific energy consumption in the drying of black mulberry were associated with microwave pretreatment in IR-hot air dryer and control treatment in vacuum dryer, respectively. The minimum color change (?E) for drying of black mulberry was found in microwave pretreated samples dried with the vacuum dryer, yet maximum ?E was observed in hot air dryer when no pretreatment was applied.

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Inoue, Kuniaki, i Larissa E. Back. "Gross Moist Stability Assessment during TOGA COARE: Various Interpretations of Gross Moist Stability". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, nr 11 (1.11.2015): 4148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0092.1.

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Abstract Daily averaged TOGA COARE data are analyzed to investigate the convective amplification/decay mechanisms. The gross moist stability (GMS), which represents moist static energy (MSE) export efficiency by large-scale circulations associated with the convection, is studied together with two quantities, called the critical GMS (a ratio of diabatic forcing to the convective intensity) and the drying efficiency [a version of the effective GMS (GMS minus critical GMS)]. The analyses reveal that convection intensifies (decays) via negative (positive) drying efficiency. The authors illustrate that variability of the drying efficiency during the convective amplifying phase is predominantly explained by the vertical MSE advection (or vertical GMS), which imports MSE via bottom-heavy vertical velocity profiles (associated with negative vertical GMS) and eventually starts exporting MSE via top-heavy profiles (associated with positive vertical GMS). The variability of the drying efficiency during the decaying phase is, in contrast, explained by the horizontal MSE advection. The critical GMS, which is moistening efficiency due to the diabatic forcing, is broadly constant throughout the convective life cycle, indicating that the diabatic forcing always tends to destabilize the convective system in a constant manner. The authors propose various ways of computing quasi-time-independent “characteristic GMS” and demonstrate that all of them are equivalent and can be interpreted as (i) the critical GMS, (ii) the GMS at the maximum precipitation, and (iii) a combination of feedback constants between the radiation, evaporation, and convection. Those interpretations indicate that each convective life cycle is a fluctuation of rapidly changing GMS around slowly changing characteristic GMS.

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Grandpeix, Jean-Yves, i Jean-Philippe Lafore. "A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part I: The Models". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, nr 4 (1.04.2010): 881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3044.1.

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Abstract The aim of the present series of papers is to develop a density current parameterization for global circulation models. This first paper is devoted to the presentation of this new wake parameterization coupled with Emanuel’s convective scheme. The model represents a population of identical circular cold pools (the wakes) with vertical frontiers. The wakes are cooled by the precipitating downdrafts while the outside area is warmed by the subsidence induced by the saturated drafts. The budget equations for mass, energy, and water yield evolution equations for the prognostic variables (the vertical profiles of the temperature and humidity differences between the wakes and their exterior). They also provide additional terms for the equations of the mean variables. The driving terms of the wake equations are the differential heating and drying due to convective drafts. The action of the convection on the wakes is implemented by splitting the convective tendency and attributing the effect of the precipitating downdrafts to the wake region and the effect of the saturated drafts to their exterior. Conversely, the action of the wakes on convection is implemented by introducing two new variables representing the convergence at the leading edge of the wakes. The available lifting energy (ALE) determines the triggers of deep convection: convection occurs when ALE exceeds the convective inhibition. The available lifting power (ALP) determines the intensity of convection; it is equal to the power input into the system by the collapse of the wakes. The ALE/ALP closure, together with the splitting of the convective heating and drying, implements the full coupling between wake and convection. The coupled wake–convection scheme thus created makes it possible to represent the moist convective processes more realistically, to prepare the coupling of convection with boundary layer and orographic processes, and to consider simulating the propagation of convective systems.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Convection drying"

Sotocinal, Samson A. "Design and testing of a natural convection solar fish dryer". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60638.

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A natural convection solar fish dryer consisting of a flat-plate solar collector, drying chamber, and an auxiliary heater was designed, constructed and tested in the Philippines. The dryer is capable of drying 5 kg of fish in 10 hours.
Water was first heated in a flat-plate solar collector then through thermosyphon effect, heat and mass was moved to the heat exchanger where heat was transferred to the air. Heated air was allowed to flow through the drying chamber where trays of prepared samples of fish were laid. Pre-drying treatment of fish similar to those used in commercial practice, were used for individual drying experiments in order to permit a general evaluation of the system.
Seven drying experiments using different fish samples were conducted and the data generated was used to determine the efficiency of the system in terms of solar energy utilization. Results indicate that the system function efficiently at a minimal water temperature increase of 10$ sp circ$C, and the dryer operates at a system efficiency of 9 per cent which compares well with the findings of Yu Wai Man (1986) which found that natural convection solar dryers operate in the efficiency range between 7 to 14 per cent.

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Ben, Nasrallah Sassi. "Contribution à l'étude des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse : application aux phénomènes d'évaporation par convection naturelle et du séchage convectif de milieux poreux". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2026.

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Etude des phenomenes de transferts couples de chaleur et de masse en milieux poreux et en milieux fluides. En milieu fluide, on s'est interesse aux phenomenes qui prennent lieu lors de l'evaporation par convection naturelle sur une plaque verticale chauffee par un flux variable. En milieu poreux, etude des problemes de formulation des transferts de chaleur et de masse et etude des transferts unidirectionnels lors du sechage convectif d'un milieu poreux prise en compte des effets bidimensionnels sur les transferts dans l'etude du sechage par convection naturelle d'un mur poreux vertical chauffe par un flux constant

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Berteli, Michele Nenhemy. "Estudo comparativo de processos de secagem de solidos granulados com e sem assistencia de microondas". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255322.

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Orientador: Antonio Marsaioli Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berteli_MicheleNenhemy_D.pdf: 3298845 bytes, checksum: ea9c6612c92dcdbe419e972f4ca5e13b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Korese, Joseph Kudadam [Verfasser]. "Experimental and modeling studies of forced convection storage and drying systems for sweet potatoes / Joseph Kudadam Korese". Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123676348/34.

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Youcef-Ali, Sabri. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des séchoirs solaires indirects à convection forcée : Application à la pomme de terre". Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7db5b7f1-e247-4d7f-9a14-5040200b9cb4.

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Nous avons développé un code de calcul permettant de simuler le comportement d'une chaine énergétique (insolateur-séchoir) fonctionnant en convection forcée pour des applications au séchage de produits agro-alimentaires. L’insolateur plan, relié à l'armoire de séchage, est à simple passe arrière, la veine d'air mobile pouvant être munie d'ailettes permettant d'améliorer les performances de ce capteur. Le séchoir est une armoire en bois comportant quatre grilles superposées, sur lesquelles le produit a séché et disposées en lits de rondelles. Dans le modèle théorique décrivant son comportement, nous tenons compte en particulier des pertes calorifiques à travers les parois latérales et du rétrécissement volumique du produit en cours de séchage, phénomènes généralement négligés. Le premier sous-programme itératif développé détermine les performances thermiques instantanées de l'insolateur. Le second gère un modèle théorique qui repose sur les équations de bilan de chaleur et de masse dans les milieux poreux. Dans ce modèle, intervient un coefficient de migration de l'eau dans la masse des particules propre au produit utilisé. Nous avons déterminé ce coefficient expérimentalement, pour plusieurs températures de l'air asséchant, en fonction de l'humidité absolue moyenne des rondelles, ce qui nous a permis de le représenter sous une forme mathématique exploitable dans l'algorithme de calcul. Le modèle théorique est validé par un grand nombre d'expériences en utilisant la pomme de terre, en ensoleillement artificiel et naturel. Cette validation nous a donc permis de tester les possibilités de la chaine étudiée (notamment à travers le coefficient d'efficacité que nous définissons par le rapport de la masse de produit à sécher au temps de séchage global) et de dégager certains principes permettant d'en tirer le maximum de production. Nous présentons enfin quelques prédictions du modèle numérique pour différentes valeurs des paramètres aérothermiques de l'air de séchage.

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Gamero, Rafael. "Transport Coefficients during Drying of Solids containing Multicomponent Mixtures". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknisk strömningslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28897.

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This study investigated the transport coefficients involved in mass and heat transfer during the drying of a porous solid partially saturated with multicomponent mixtures. It included the coefficients governing liquid transport through the solid, the matrix of multicomponent diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase, and the effective thermal conductivity. As it is not possible to determine these coefficients by theoretical considerations alone and considerable experimental work is required to determine them in a broad range of process conditions, the principle of this study has been the use of mathematical models complemented with some empirical parameters. These empirical parameters were determined by comparison between measurements in specially designed experiments and the results of mathematical models that describe the process. In addition, the application of the multicomponent diffusion coefficients is described in two cases where liquid diffusion is important: convective evaporation of a multicomponent stationary liquid film and a falling film. To study liquid transport through the solid, isothermal drying experiments were performed to determine the transient composition profiles and total liquid content of sand samples wetted with ternary liquid mixtures with different initial compositions and temperatures. A mathematical model including mass transfer by capillary movement of the liquid and interactive diffusion in both the gas and liquid phases was developed. To simulate the capillary movement of liquid mixtures, parameters experimentally determined for single liquids were weighed according to liquid composition. A fairly good agreement between theoretical and experimental liquid composition profiles was obtained considering that axial dispersion was included in the model. To study the matrix of multicomponent diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase, the redistribution of liquid composition in a partially filled tube exposed to a longitudinal temperature gradient was analysed. Experimental work was carried out using two main ternary mixtures with different initial compositions and temperature gradients. Experimental data were compared with the results of a theoretical model that describes the steady-state liquid composition distribution in a partially filled non-isothermal tube to find the empirical exponent that modifies the matrix of thermodynamic factors. Correlations for the exponents as a function of temperature were determined for each particular multicomponent mixture. The effective thermal conductivity of a porous solid containing multicomponent liquid mixtures was studied by measuring the liquid composition, liquid content and temperature distributions in a cylindrical sample dried by convection from the open upper side and heated by contact with a hot source at the bottom side. Simulations performed at a quasi steady state were compared with experiments to estimate the adjusting geometric parameter of Krischer’s model for effective thermal conductivity, which includes the contribution of the evaporation-diffusion-condensation mechanism. The results revealed that a resistance corresponding to a parallel arrangement between the phases seems to dominate in this case. In the study of the convective drying of a multicomponent stationary liquid film, the equations describing interactive mass transfer were decoupled by a similarity transformation and solved simultaneously with a conduction equation by the method of variable separation. Variations of physical properties along the process trajectory were taken into account by a stepwise application of the solution in time intervals with averaged coefficients from previous time steps. Despite simplifications, the analytical solution gives a good insight into the selectivity of the drying process and is computationally fast. On the other hand, numerical simulations of the convective evaporation of the multicomponent falling liquid film into an inert gas with a co-current flow arrangement of the phases almost always revealed a transition from liquid-phase-controlled conditions to a process in which neither the gas nor the liquid completely controls the evaporation. The results obtained in this work would be useful in implementing models to improve the design, process exploration and optimisation of dryers by incorporating the solid-side effects to describe the drying of liquid mixtures along the whole process.
QC 20110124

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Constant, Thiéry. "Le séchage combiné convection-micro-ondes : modelisation-validation-optimisation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_CONSTANT_T.pdf.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude du séchage combiné convection-micro-ondes, le matériau choisi pour l'étude étant un béton cellulaire. Il comporte une partie théorique et une partie expérimentale. D’un point de vue théorique, deux points sont plus particulièrement discutés: la formulation du terme source volumique d'énergie et la modélisation des transferts de chaleur et de masse avec prise en compte du gradient de pression totale de la phase gazeuse. D’un point de vue expérimental, des mesures de perte de masse, de la quantité d'eau évacuée sous forme liquide, des températures et pressions internes ont été réalisées et sont comparées aux résultats théoriques. En parallèle, une étude a été menée sur le phénomène d'expulsion du liquide observable en début de séchage assisté par micro-ondes. Une expérience de drainage a été mise au point. Le modèle testé dans les mêmes conditions donne de bons résultats quantitatifs. En final, le logiciel est utilisé comme un outil d'optimisation, pour quantifier les gains de temps et d'énergie apportés par l'utilisation des micro-ondes en début et en fin de séchage

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Pavan, Sara. "Nouveaux schémas de convection pour les écoulements à surface libre". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1011/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif la construction de schémas d’ordre élevé et peu diffusifs pour le transport d’un scalaire dans les écoulements à surface libre, en deux ou trois dimensions. On souhaite en particulier obtenir des schémas robustes, qui gardent au niveau discret les propriétés mathématiques de l’équation de transport avec une faible diffusion numérique, et les utiliser sur des cas industriels. Dans ce travail deux méthodes numériques sont envisagées : une méthode aux volumes finis (VF) et une méthode aux résidus distribués (RD). Dans les deux cas, l’équation de transport est résolue avec une approche découplée, qui est la solution la plus avantageuse en termes de précision et de coûts de calcul. Pour ce qui concerne la méthode aux volumes finis, les équations de Saint-Venant couplées à l’équation du transport sont d’abord résolues avec un schéma dit vertex-centred où le flux numérique est approximé avec un solveur de Riemann appelé Harten-Lax-Van Leer-Contact [135]. A partir de cette approche, une formulation découplée est proposée. Cette dernière permet de résoudre l’équation du transport avec un pas de temps plus grand que celui de la formulation couplée. Cette idée a été d’abord proposée pour d’autres schémas dans [13]. Pour augmenter l’ordre de précision en espace, la technique MUSCL [89] est utilisée en combinaison avec l’approche découplée. Finalement, la problématique des zones sèches est abordée. Dans le cas de la méthode aux résidus distribués, les équations de Saint-Venant sont résolues avec une méthode éléments finis, et la méthode RD est utilisée seulement pour discrétiser l’équation du transport, en focalisant l’attention sur les problèmes non stationnaires. L’équation de continuité du fluide discrétisée est employée pour garantir la conservation de la masse et le principe du maximum. Pour obtenir des schémas d’ordre deux dans les problèmes non stationnaires, un schéma prédicteur-correcteur [112] est utilisé, en l’adaptant au cas de concentration moyennée sur la verticale. Une version d’ordre 1 mais peu diffusive, est aussi présentée dans ce travail. De plus, un schéma localement implicite, complètement nouveau, est aussi formulé pour pouvoir traiter le problème des bancs découvrant. Les deux techniques sont validées d’abord sur des cas simples, pour évaluer l’ordre de précision des schémas et ensuite sur des cas plus complexes pour vérifier aussi les autres propriétés numériques. Les résultats montrent que les nouveaux schémas sont à la fois précis et conservatifs, tout en gardant la monotonie comme le prévoient les démonstrations. Un cas d’application industriel est aussi présenté en conclusion. Le schéma prédicteur-correcteur RD est adapté aussi au cas 3D, sans aucun problème théorique nouveau, par rapport au cas 2D. Les propriétés de base des schémas sont validées sur des cas test préliminaires
The purpose of this thesis is to build higher order and less diffusive schemes for pollutant transport in shallow water flows or 3D free surface flows. We want robust schemes which respect the main mathematical properties of the advection equation with relatively low numerical diffusion and apply them to environmental industrial applications. Two techniques are tested in this work: a classical finite volume method and a residual distribution technique combined with a finite element method. For both methods we propose a decoupled approach since it is the most advantageous in terms of accuracy and CPU time. Concerning the first technique, a vertex-centred finite volume method is used to solve the augmented shallow water system where the numerical flux is computed through an Harten-Lax-Van Leer-Contact Riemannsolver [135]. Starting from this solution, a decoupled approach is formulated and is preferred since it allows to compute with a larger time step the advection of a tracer. This idea was inspired by [13]. The Monotonic Upwind Scheme for Conservation Law [89], combined with the decoupled approach, is then used for the second order extension in space. The wetting and drying problem is also analysed and a possible solution is presented. In the second case, the shallow water system is entirely solved using the finite element technique and the residual distribution method is applied to the solution of the tracer equation, focusing on the case of time-dependent problems. However, for consistency reasons the resolution of the continuity equation must be considered in the numerical discretization of the tracer. In order to get second order schemes for unsteady cases a predictor-corrector scheme [112] is used in this work. A first order but less diffusive version of the predictor-corrector scheme is also introduced. Moreover, we also present a new locally semi-implicit version of the residual distribution method which, in addition to good properties in terms of accuracy and stability, has the advantage to cope with dry zones. The two methods are first validated on academical test cases with analytical solution in order to assess the order of the schemes. Then more complex cases are addressed to test the robustness of the schemes and their performance under different flow conditions. Finally a real test case for which real data are available is carried out. An extension of the predictor-corrector residual distribution schemes to the 3D case is presented as final contribution. Even in this case the RD technique is completely compatible with the finite element framework used for the Navier-Stokes equations, thus its extension to the 3D case does not present any extra theoretical problem. The method is tested on preliminary cases

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Perré, Patrick. "Le sechage convectif de bois resineux : choix, validation et utilisation d'un modele". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077146.

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On aborde les transferts couples de chaleur et de masse en milieu poreux a partir de la theorie de whitaker. Le logiciel de simulation developpe utilise une discretisation spaciale evolutive qui procure un excellent compromistemps de calcul/precision. Une etude de sensibilite est menee pour orienter l'etude experimentale. On concoit un dispositif de mesure de la permeabilite longitudinale et transverse a l'air, ainsi qu'une methode de mesure non destructive des profils de sechage par resistivite. Face aux resultats experimentaux, la theorie s'avere inadequate pour le bois: on la complete de facon a prendre en compte la migration de l'eau liee et l'aspiration des ponctuations areolees. Le modele modifie montre l'importance de la pression de la phase gazeuse meme en dessous du point d'ebullition. On applique le modele au calcul des contraintes de sechage en utilisant le cadre de l'elasticite lineaire orthotrope

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Khakpour, Yasmin. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement using Phase Change Materials". Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/241.

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Conventional heat transfer enhancement methods have focused on the surface characteristics of the heat-exchanger. The enhancement of heat transfer through altering the characteristics of the working fluid has become a new subject of interest. Micro-encapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) slurries show improved heat transfer abilities compared to single phase heat transfer fluids such as water due to their higher specific heat values in their phase change temperature range. The present work is a numerical and experimental study towards fundamental understanding of the impact of using PCM on thermal and fluid flow characteristics of different single-phase and two-phase heat transfer applications. The mathematical formulation to represent the presence of single and multi-component MEPCM is developed and incorporated into the numerical model for single-phase and two-phase fluid flow systems. In particular, the use of PCM in its encapsulated form for heat transfer enhancement of liquid flow in the presence of evaporation is explored. In addition, an experimental study is conducted to validate the numerical model in a setting of natural convection flow. Finally, the application of PCM in its layered form on the effectiveness of drying of moist porous materials (e.g. paper) is investigated.

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Książki na temat "Convection drying"

Almubarak, Abdulaziz Ali. Mechanisms of convective drying in thick beds of solids. Birmingham: Aston University. Department ofChemical Enginering and Applied Chemistry, 1995.

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Yang, Kun. Observed Regional Climate Change in Tibet over the Last Decades. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.587.

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is subjected to strong interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. The Plateau exerts huge thermal forcing on the mid-troposphere over the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere during spring and summer. This region also contains the headwaters of major rivers in Asia and provides a large portion of the water resources used for economic activities in adjacent regions. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the TP has undergone evident climate changes, with overall surface air warming and moistening, solar dimming, and decrease in wind speed. Surface warming, which depends on elevation and its horizontal pattern (warming in most of the TP but cooling in the westernmost TP), was consistent with glacial changes. Accompanying the warming was air moistening, with a sudden increase in precipitable water in 1998. Both triggered more deep clouds, which resulted in solar dimming. Surface wind speed declined from the 1970s and started to recover in 2002, as a result of atmospheric circulation adjustment caused by the differential surface warming between Asian high latitudes and low latitudes.The climate changes over the TP have changed energy and water cycles and has thus reshaped the local environment. Thermal forcing over the TP has weakened. The warming and decrease in wind speed lowered the Bowen ratio and has led to less surface sensible heating. Atmospheric radiative cooling has been enhanced, mainly through outgoing longwave emission from the warming planetary system and slightly enhanced solar radiation reflection. The trend in both energy terms has contributed to the weakening of thermal forcing over the Plateau. The water cycle has been significantly altered by the climate changes. The monsoon-impacted region (i.e., the southern and eastern regions of the TP) has received less precipitation, more evaporation, less soil moisture and less runoff, which has resulted in the general shrinkage of lakes and pools in this region, although glacier melt has increased. The region dominated by westerlies (i.e., central, northern and western regions of the TP) received more precipitation, more evaporation, more soil moisture and more runoff, which together with more glacier melt resulted in the general expansion of lakes in this region. The overall wetting in the TP is due to both the warmer and moister conditions at the surface, which increased convective available potential energy and may eventually depend on decadal variability of atmospheric circulations such as Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and an intensified Siberian High. The drying process in the southern region is perhaps related to the expansion of Hadley circulation. All these processes have not been well understood.

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Części książek na temat "Convection drying"

Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish i John C. F. Walker. "Airflow and Convection". W Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 203–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_9.

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Reay, David. "Modelling Continuous Convection Dryers for Particulate Solids — Progress and Problems". W Drying ’85, 67–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21830-3_7.

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Bhanu, Anagh S., E. Elavarasan, Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, A. Anandu i H. M. Senin. "Experimental Investigation of Drying Kinetics of Poovan Banana Under Forced Convection Solar Drying". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 621–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4795-3_56.

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Pradhan, T. K., i P. K. Panigrahi. "Convection Inside a Pinned Water Droplet During Drying Process". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power – Contemporary Research, 1323–30. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_126.

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Zheplinska, Marija, Mikhailo Mushtruk, Volodymyr Vasyliv, Natalia Slobodyanyuk i Yuriy Boyko. "The Main Parameters of the Physalis Convection Drying Process". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 306–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_31.

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Jamradloedluk, Jindaporn, i Songchai Wiriyaumpaiwong. "Desorption Isotherms, Drying Characteristics and Qualities of Glace Tropical Fruits Undergoing Forced Convection Solar Drying". W Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 1960–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_399.

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Moussaoui, Haytem, Ahmed Aït Aghzzaf, Ali Idlimam i Abdelkader Lamharrar. "Modeling of a Forced Convection Solar Drying System by Experimental Designs". W Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 1497–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_436.

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Elavarasan, E., Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, Anagh S. Bhanu, A. Anandu i M. H. Senin. "Experimental Investigation of Drying Cucumber in a Double Slope Solar Dryer Under Natural Convection and Open Sun Drying". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 41–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4489-4_5.

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Elavarasan, E., Yogesh kumar, R. Mouresh i Sendhil Kumar Natarajan. "Experimental Investigation of Drying Tomato in a Double Slope Solar Dryer Under Natural Convection". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 179–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_16.

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Malakar, Santanu, i Vinkel Kumar Arora. "Mathematical Modeling of Drying Kinetics of Garlic Clove in Forced Convection Evacuated Tube Solar Dryer". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 813–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0159-0_72.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Convection drying"

Bahloul, Neila, M. A. Balti, M. S. Guellouze i Nabil Kechaou. "Coupling of microwave radiations to convective drying for improving fruit quality". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7794.

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The present study aims to find the best drying method to minimize the duration of the operation while respecting the nutritional value of the product. Experiments of convective drying and microwave radiation were respectively carried out with a convective dryer (heat temperature: 65 °C and air velocity: 1.3 m/s) and a microwave oven (power level: 100 W and frequency: 2450 MHz). Six coupling tests between the convective drying and microwave radiation were conducted. The only variable condition is the time output of tomatoes from the convective dryer or the microwave oven corresponding to an intermediate mass ratio (IMR) 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3. The microwave drying removes the bound water faster than convective drying. This explains the observed time savings due to convection-microwave and microwave-convection combined drying. The combination of convection drying and microwave drying to an IMR 0.5 preserved better the red color and the antioxidants of the tomato. Thus, the convection–microwave combined drying (IMR 0.5) proved most suitable for preserving the quality of tomatoes. Keywords: convective drying; microwave; coupled drying; color.

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Thorat, B., A. Chavan, A. Sikarwar i V. Tidke. "Augmenting natural convection and conduction based solar dryer". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7813.

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Solar conduction dryer (SCD) is a unique technology that uses conduction, convection and radiation mechanism of heat transfer making it one of the most efficient drying system. The SCD is one of the most effective piece of equipment’s designed indigenously and it has tremendous potential to capitalize in erstwhile nations of tropical and torrid region where there is abundance of solar insolation. SCD, the most cost-effective dryer which runs on no electricity has already made inroads in the global market. In the present study, CFD studies were carried out for a given geometry and the corresponding boundary conditions. Keywords: Solar Energy; Solar Conduction Dryer; CFD modeling

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Martynenko, Alex, Ivanna Bashkir i Tadeusz Kudra. "Electrically enhanced drying of white champignons". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7318.

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Effects of convective cross-flow of air in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying on drying rate of 5 mm slices of champignons have been investigated. Electro-convection issued from discharge electrode (42 needles arranged into 6×7 rows with 2×2 cm spacing, 18 kV DC voltage and 3.5 cm gap) provided average ionic wind velocity of 1.0 m/s flowing perpendicularly to the surface of champignons slices, while forced air stream at atmospheric pressure 1000 kPa, superficial velocity 1.0 m/s, temperature 22-24°C, and relative humidity 25-40%, was blown parallel to the surface of champignons slices. To study interactions between forced air cross-flow and electro-convection, the experimental protocol was designed, exploring three cases in various combinations: (1) Sole EHD, (2) air cross-flow, and (3) EHD with simultaneous air cross-flow. The case # 3 was found to be the most efficient, resulting in 10.2 g/h of water evaporation whereas drying rate was 6.6 g/h (# 1) and 3.6 g/h for (# 2). Such numbers imply that these effects are additive. In some combinations the effect of air cross-flow was the same (3.6 g/g), but electro-convection was significantly suppressed to 3.2 g/h likely because air stream removed surface water, which reduced charge transfer and electro-diffusion.In trials with different initial moisture content it was found that drying kinetics followed exponential decay in the wide range of initial moisture contents from 4.9 to 12.0 g/g (db). Drying rate due to forced air convection was found to be independent of moisture content, whereas drying rate due to electro-convection significantly depended on the moisture content. For example, the EHD drying rate of fresh-cut champignons slices with initial moisture content 10.74 g/g was 0.237 g/h, while the slices after two days in the cooler (initial moisture content dropped to 4.92 g/g) it was 0.418 g/h. Also, it was found that electro-convective drying could not remove all residual water. At the end of drying the equilibrium moisture content attained 0.2 - 0.3 g/g (aw~0.3).It appears that performance of EHD drying depends also on the product porosity as water can exist as free in open pores or be trapped in closed pores. In some experiments we observed rotation of champignon slices in the plane perpendicular to ionic wind. It happened at the end of drying when slices were light enough to be lifted by electrostatic force and dragged by the vortex. This phenomenon could be attributed either to the effect of DC electric field on polarized water molecules trapped in closed pores, or it could be electrostatic effect of ionic wind on charged porous body. Also, the hypothesis that EHD has both linear and rotational (vortex) components require further investigation.

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Kic, Pavel. "Drying process by forced convection of clover". W 16th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2017.16.n100.

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Eduardo Predolin, RODRIGO, Vicente Luiz Scalon i Geraldo Luiz Palma. "Development of natural convection solar drying system". W 18th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0603.

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Bardy, Erik, Merouane Hamdi, Michel Havet i Olivier Rouaud. "Transient Exergetic Efficiency of a Forced Convection Drying Process With and Without Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Enhancement". W ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38169.

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Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying is a novel drying method used to enhance forced convective drying by using a wire-electrode to create an electrostatic field. In this study, it was hypothesized that an EHD enhanced forced convective drying process will not only increase the drying rate, but also the exergetic efficiency over time. A transient exergetic efficiency was defined as the ratio of the exergy use rate in the removing of moisture from the drying product, to the exergy rate of the drying air supplied. In the case of EHD enhanced forced convection, the exergy rate supplied by the wire electrode was also accounted for. Forced convection drying experiments were run on a test specimen simulating a food product (methylcellulose gel) using an air flow channel with and without EHD enhancement with varying air flow velocities. Initial results show that the moisutre loss rate of the methylcellulose gel increased with the application of the electrostatic field. In addition, for low velocities, the exergetic efficiency of EHD enhanced forced convection was higher for the first few hours of drying as compared to conventional forced convection. The exergetic efficiency of both conventional and EHD enhanced forced convection converged at greater air flow velocities.

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Cui, Minghu. "Experiment and Analytical Studies Jujube Drying by the Solar Assisted Convection Drying". W ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65177.

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An experimental setup, a mini-cabinet with reflector at its top, has been designed to study the drying process of jujube fruit by the convection and the solar radiation with hot air convection. The research experimentally investigated the drying characteristics and behavior of heat and mass transfer. Also, drying curves were analyzed. It demonstrated that solar energy could play an important role in promoting heat and mass transfers and saves energy consumed. The optimum conditions of appropriated temperature and humidity were obtained to save energy in solar energy convection drying process.

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Zhao, Lijuan, Dandan Wang, Tengfei Du, Junhong Yang, Jianguo Li i Zhonghua Wu. "Bubble behavior of fructooligosaccharides syrup during the belt drying process". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7557.

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This paper is aiming to study experimentally the bubbling and drying characteristic of fructooligosaccharides syrup in the belt drying process. A series of bubble images were acquired by a high-speed image acquisition system during the drying process. By analyzing the characteristics of bubble and drying, the drying process of fructooligosaccharides was divided into three periods: boiling transfer, natural convection and conduction and diffusion period. The drying rate in different transfer stage was: boiling transfer > natural convection > heat conduction and diffusion. The results of the study are of reference value to belt drying. Keywords: fructooligosaccharides; belt drying; digital image processing; heat and mass transfer

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Shukla, S. K. "Evaluation of Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Open Sun and Green House Drying". W ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56162.

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In this communication, a study on open sun and green house drying has been performed to evaluate the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients as a function of climatic parameters. The hourly data for the rate of moisture removal, crop temperature, relative humidity inside greenhouse and outside greenhouse and ambient air temperature for complete drying have been recorded. The experiments were done in the premises of Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, after the crop-harvesting season from February 2006 to April 2006. Using these data, the value of convective heat and mass transfer in open sun drying (OSD) and green house sun drying (GHD) under natural and forced convection mode, have been calculated. Also the empirical relations of convective heat and mass transfer with drying time under natural and forced modes have been developed. On the basis of the present study, it is inferred that the value of convective heat and mass transfer is more in open sun drying than in the green house drying under natural convection mode. However its value increases in forced mode of greenhouse drying as compared to natural mode in the initial stage of drying.

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Bulegenov, D., Sayara Saliyeva, A. Sekerbayeva i Sergey Spotar. "Application of REA-method to a convective drying of apple rings at ambient temperature". W the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.006.

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This study focuses on the convective drying of apple rings without any extra-heating of the processing ambient air. The lumped reaction engineering approach (REA) model has been employed to determine the rate of drying for the apple rings under forced convection considered as a normal processing regime. The algorithm implies determination the activation energy curve from the accurate ‘reference’ measurements of the drying rate under natural convection conditions. The required for the model implementation mass transfer coefficients for the apple ring samples under natural and forced conditions were obtained in the series of customized experiments. The study does extend the application of REA for the limiting simplest case of convective drying of thick samples under ambient temperature condition."

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