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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Criminal behavior – united states”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena. "Empirical Models of Criminal Behavior: How Significant a Factor is Race?" Review of Black Political Economy 15, no. 1 (1986): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903857.

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Empirical models of the supply of criminal offenses in the United States have shown a positive relationship between the proportion of the population that is non-white (RACE) and crime rates. Though non-whites in the United States possess more “criminal capital” than the average person, such studies do not take into consideration this excess criminal capital. Since RACE and the omitted excess criminal capital are correlated, it will pick up the influence of the excess criminal capital. Using cross-sectional data from Florida's municipalities, we show that after adjusting for excess criminal cap

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Lazzarini, Zita, Sarah Bray, and Scott Burris. "Evaluating the Impact of Criminal Laws on HIV Risk Behavior." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00390.x.

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Criminal law is one of the regulatory tools being used in the United States to influence risk behavior by people who have HIV/AIDS. Several different types of laws have been or could be used in this way These include:HIV-specific exposure and transmission laws — i.e., laws that explicitly mention and exclusively apply to conduct by people with HIV;public health statutes prohibiting conduct that would expose others to communicable diseases and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); andgeneral criminal laws governing attempted murder and assault.

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Carroll, Bruce A. "Book Review: Fair or Foul: Sports and Criminal Behavior in the United States." Criminal Justice Review 37, no. 2 (2012): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016811420710.

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Anderson, Reyn C., and John S. Magney. "Recent Developments in Criminal Enforcement of US Antitrust Laws." World Competition 27, Issue 1 (2004): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2004007.

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The United States Department of Justice (``DOJ'') continues its aggressive pursuit of International Cartels. In addition to obtaining record levels of fines for corporations convicted of price fixing, the DOJ continues to seek more jail time for individual defendants found guilty of these crimes. The DOJ supports legislation now before Congress that would significantly increase penalties for both corporations and individuals convicted of antitrust violations. Increasingly, many of the individuals serving time in US prisons for antitrust crimes are foreign nationals not just US citizens. The th

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Zhang, Zihao, Zun Wu, Yuwei Sun, and Lexin Yang. "The Research of Chinese Immigrants and Crime." International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration 7, no. 2 (2025): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijsspa.v7n2.06.

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This study delves into the historical background of Chinese immigrants in the United States, crime issues, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on Chinese criminal behavior. The article first provides an overview of American immigration and the history of Chinese immigration, then analyzes the general situation of crime problems in the 1850s, with a particular focus on Chinese criminal activities. In the literature review section, this paper thoroughly examines the scale of Chinese criminal activity, crimes targeting Chinese individuals, motives behind these crimes, and the social impacts t

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Reiss, Albert J. "Perplexing questions in the understanding and control of violent behavior." International Annals of Criminology 28, no. 1-2 (1990): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003445290008832.

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This paper has two objectives. The first is to frame and answer two perplexing questions : How shall we compare the violent behavior of societies and their members? This question arises in part from a subsidiary question often asked in the United States. Is the United States a violent society? This question can be formulated somewhat differently : By what measures shall we compare the violent behavior of societies? A second perplexing question is : How can we understand or explain differences in the kind and amount of violent behavior within and among societies? These questions are deliberatel

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Berry, Bonnie, and Earl Smith. "Race, Sport, and Crime: The Misrepresentation of African Americans in Team Sports and Crime." Sociology of Sport Journal 17, no. 2 (2000): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.2.171.

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Criminological literature and statistics show that African Americans are comparatively overrepresented in the United States criminal justice system. This study explores whether African American athletes are similarly overrepresented as criminally involved sports figures. Data abundantly illustrate that African Americans fare worse in all phases of criminal justice compared to whites. It has been speculated that African Americans, perhaps due to cultural influences or blocked opportunities, do commit more crime than other racial categories. There is equally strong reason to believe that the rep

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Razi Khademi, Fatemeh, Amir Iravanian, and Amir Paknahad. "Judicial Misconduct in the Context of Criminal Policy in Iran and the United States." Comparative Studies in Jurisprudence, Law, and Politics 5, no. 4 (2023): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/csjlp.5.4.8.

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he extraordinary power invested in the judiciary necessitates a high standard of conduct, a commitment to upholding the law, and performing duties in an impartial manner. Appropriate behavior both within and outside the courtroom is a fundamental requirement of judicial duty. As judicial power increases, there is a corresponding need to adhere to clear ethical standards. When there are violations of laws and behavioral standards, accountability and disciplinary proceedings are essential. The Iranian legislator, through the "Law on Supervision of Judges' Behavior," seeks to regulate judges' con

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Hendricks, Peter S., Michael Scott Crawford, Karen L. Cropsey, et al. "The relationships of classic psychedelic use with criminal behavior in the United States adult population." Journal of Psychopharmacology 32, no. 1 (2017): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117735685.

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Fondacaro, Mark R., and Megan J. O'Toole. "American Punitiveness and Mass Incarceration." New Criminal Law Review 18, no. 4 (2015): 477–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2015.18.4.477.

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A recent National Academy of Sciences Report entitled, “The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences,” examined the drivers of the fourfold increase in incarceration rates in the United States and provided a firm recommendation for significant reduction in incarceration rates (Travis, Western, & Redburn, 2014). Policy makers representing the entire political spectrum are now publicly airing their views on the need for reform. Although public sentiment is generally favorably disposed toward reform in the abstract, when confronted with specific examples

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Boreiko, Halyna, and Vira Navrotska. "Abuse of the right to prosecution in criminal proceedings: The experience of Ukraine and the United States." Social Legal Studios 6, no. 4 (2023): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/sals4.2023.38.

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Unfair use of the prosecutorʼs discretionary powers leads to violations of the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of a person. Examining the main ways of abusing the right to prosecution will help prevent negative manifestations in criminal proceedings that hinder the performance of its tasks. The purpose of the study is to identify specific examples of unfair behaviour by prosecutors in Ukraine and the United States during criminal proceedings. The paper uses a set of methods of scientific knowledge: abstraction, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal legal, modelling methods.

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Shotwell, Trent. "Book Review: The State of American Policing: Psychology, Behavior, Problems, and Solutions." Reference & User Services Quarterly 59, no. 1 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.59.1.7246.

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The State of American Policing: Psychology, Behavior, Problems, and Solutions by David J. Thomas observes the past and current roles of police in the United States. The purpose of this book is to closely examine the impact of policing minority members of the community and address recent instances of police use of deadly force. The author, David J. Thomas, provides expert perspective on policing with his background as a veteran police officer and criminal justice professor at Florida Gulf Coast University.

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Matz, Adam K. "Community Corrections and the Health of Criminal Justice Populations." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 41, no. 3 (2018): 348–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937391804100305.

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Community supervision remains the most prevalent form of correctional control in the United States, with 1 in 53 adults on probation supervision. A large proportion of probationers, as well as parolees, possess distinct health issues associated with substance abuse, mental illness, and co-occurring disorders. These behavioral disorders influence and interact with criminal behavior patterns, commonly expressed as dynamic risk factors, necessitating increased collaboration with community service providers and health organizations. This article provides an overview of community corrections, healt

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Whited, William H., Laura Wagar, Jon T. Mandracchia, and Robert D. Morgan. "Partners or Partners in Crime? The Relationship Between Criminal Associates and Criminogenic Thinking." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 5 (2016): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15599605.

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Meta-analyses examining the risk factors for recidivism have identified the importance of ties with criminal associates as well as thoughts and attitudes conducive to the continuance of criminal behavior (e.g., criminogenic thinking). Criminologists have theorized that a direct relationship exists between the association with criminal peers and the development of criminogenic thinking. The present study empirically explored the relationship between criminal associates and criminogenic thinking in 595 adult male inmates in the United States. It was hypothesized that the proportion of free time

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Gómez-Jara Díez, Carlos. "Corporate Culpability as a Limit to the Overcriminalization of Corporate Criminal Liability: The Interplay Between Self-Regulation, Corporate Compliance, and Corporate Citizenship." New Criminal Law Review 14, no. 1 (2011): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2011.14.1.78.

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This paper argues that there is clear sign of the overcriminalization of corporate conduct in America's criminal law and procedure: regardless of the evidence of a law-abiding behavior by a good corporate citizen, the corporation will be considered guilty if a member of its organization commits a crime within the scope of authority and with the intent to benefit the corporation. The paper explains that corporate culpability may function as a limit to this current overcriminalization as it demands in corporate criminal law what is requested in individual criminal law: that despite the agent's a

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Berger, Raqota. "Deviant Group Membership – Joining, Leaving, and Behavior in Criminal Groups." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 6 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i6.4427.

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Each year across the United States hundreds of thousands of individuals become involved in deviant groups, the most common being street gangs. Joining a deviant group is associated with higher rates of criminal offending, serious bodily injury, victimization, and even death. This study collected data from 124 individuals that have joined criminally-based groups at some point in their lives. These groups were identified by respondents as street gangs, crews, biker gangs, prison gangs, drug gangs, and car gangs. Most members joined their groups as teenagers ( = 15), and most left their groups d

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Bartol, Curt R., and Naomi J. Freeman. "History of the American Association for Correctional Psychology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 2 (2005): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804272893.

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The history of the American Association for Correctional Psychology (AACP) is traced from 1954 to the present. The article offers some insights into the beginnings and development of correctional psychology in the United States, including those individuals most influential in that development. The history of AACP publications is also outlined, including the newsletter Correctional Psychologist and the scholarly journal Criminal Justice and Behavior. An entire list of AACP presidents is provided.

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Sporer, Celia. "Holocaust lessons for the criminal justice classroom." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 8, no. 2 (2019): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jise.vi0.1390.

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The rise of antisemitic acts across the United States and worldwide and the general lack of Holocaust knowledge highlights the need to better integrate Holocaust education across disciplines, especially criminal justice. An undergraduate criminology class at Queensborough Community College (QCC) at the City University of New York (CUNY) was aligned with the goals and objectives of an on-campus exhibit, Conspiracy of Goodness, at the Kupferberg Holocaust Center. The exhibit focused on the rescuing behaviors of the village of Le Chambon during the Holocaust. Survey information suggested that pri

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Armenta, Amada. "Racializing Crimmigration." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 1 (2016): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216648714.

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Deporting “criminal aliens” has become the highest priority in American immigration enforcement. Today, most deportations are achieved through the “crimmigration” system, a term that describes the convergence of the criminal justice and immigration enforcement systems. Emerging research argues that U.S. immigration enforcement is a “racial project” that subordinates and racializes Latino residents in the United States. This article examines the role of local law enforcement agencies in the racialization process by focusing on the techniques and logics that drive law enforcement practices acros

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Milne, Emma. "Putting the Fetus First — Legal Regulation, Motherhood, and Pregnancy." Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, no. 27.1 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.27.1.putting.

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The fetus-first mentality advocates that pregnant women and women who could become pregnant should put the needs and well-being of their fetuses before their own. As this Article will illustrate, this popular public perception has pervaded criminal law, impacting responses to women deemed to be the “irresponsible” pregnant woman and so the “bad” mother. The Article considers cases from Alabama and Indiana in the United States and from England in the United Kingdom, providing clear evidence that concerns about the behavior of pregnant women now hang heavily over criminal justice responses to wo

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Arora, Ashna. "Juvenile Crime and Anticipated Punishment." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 15, no. 4 (2023): 522–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210530.

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Can sanctions deter juvenile crime? Research indicates that they may not, as offending barely decreases when individuals cross the age of criminal majority and begin to face harsher sanctions. Several models of criminal behavior predict, however, that these small reactions close to the threshold may mask larger behavioral responses among individuals below the age threshold. Policy variation between 2007–2015 in the United States is used to show evidence consistent with these predictions—juvenile crime increases when the age of majority is increased. This increase is driven by younger age group

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Wang, Ziyun. "Gender and Criminal Sentencing: A Comparative Analysis of Global Judicial Biases and Reform Efforts." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 42 (December 9, 2024): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.54097/8jkzs507.

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This paper delves into the intersection of gender and criminal law, with a particular focus on how gender influences sentencing practices across various jurisdictions. Through a comparative analysis of countries including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, and South Africa, it uncovers significant disparities in sentencing outcomes between male and female offenders. These disparities are not merely incidental but are deeply rooted in cultural norms, societal expectations, and judicial biases, which vary significantly across different legal contexts. The paper also

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CLEAR, TODD R., VAL B. CLEAR, and ANTHONY A. BRAGA. "Correctional Alternatives for Drug Offenders in an Era of Overcrowding." Prison Journal 73, no. 2 (1993): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855593073002004.

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Given the severe overcrowding suffered by nearly all state and federal correctional systems, the antidrug movement in the United States faces extreme resource constraints. This article argues that patterns in the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior call for different correctional strategies. The utility of various nontraditional correctional alternatives for drug offenders is described based on the drug-crime relationship. Recent research on correctional strategies is applied to the special problems involved in the management of drug offenders.

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Lagodny, Otto. "Legally Protected Interests of the Abducted Alleged Offender." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016988.

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Professor S. Z. Feller, to whom this article respectfully is dedicated, wrote a critical attack on the problem of concurrent criminal jurisdiction. The adverse consequence of more than one state claiming jurisdiction over a given criminal behaviour may be the abduction of the alleged offender by officials of one of these states. This issue was recently raised in the United States Supreme Court in theAlvarez-Machaincase. Chief Justice Rehnquist's holding allowing a U.S. court to try Dr. Alvarez-Machain, who was abducted by U.S. authorities, caused vehement national and international criticism.

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Kirk, David S., Andrew V. Papachristos, Jeffrey Fagan, and Tom R. Tyler. "The Paradox of Law Enforcement in Immigrant Communities." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 641, no. 1 (2012): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211431818.

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Frustrated by federal inaction on immigration reform, several U.S. states in recent years have proposed or enacted laws designed to stem the flow of illegal immigrants into the United States and to facilitate their removal. An underappreciated implication of these laws is the potential alienation of immigrant communities—even law-abiding, cooperative individuals—from the criminal justice system. The ability of the criminal justice system to detect and sanction criminal behavior is dependent upon the cooperation of the general public, including acts such as the reporting of crime and identifyin

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Torres Quintero, Angélica Paola, Juliana Villanueva Congote, Maria Camila Jaramillo Bernal, Esteban Sotomayor Carreño, and Catherine Gutiérrez Congote. "Mental Health in the Attention Models for Juvenile Offenders. The Cases of Colombia, Argentina, United States and Canada." Universitas Médica 59, no. 4 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.umed59-4.infr.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate how mental health is understood and approached in the attention models of detention centers for the convicted underage population in Argentina, Colombia, United States and Canada. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the following key words: adolescence, mental health, juvenile justice, juvenile delinquency, risk factors, and interventions. Searches were done through the search engine Pubmed. Additionally, public institution websites for each country were consulted. Conclusions: Juvenile delinquency is now understood as a multi-factorial

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Sah, Sunita, Christopher T. Robertson, and Shima B. Baughman. "Blinding prosecutors to defendants’ race: A policy proposal to reduce unconscious bias in the criminal justice system." Behavioral Science & Policy 1, no. 2 (2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/237946151500100208.

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Racial minorities are disproportionately imprisoned in the United States. This disparity is unlikely to be due solely to differences in criminal behavior. Behavioral science research has documented that prosecutors harbor unconscious racial biases. These unconscious biases play a role whenever prosecutors exercise their broad discretion, such as in choosing what crimes to charge and when negotiating plea bargains. To reduce this risk of unconscious racial bias, we propose a policy change: Prosecutors should be blinded to the race of criminal defendants wherever feasible. This could be accompli

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Doleac, Jennifer L. "Encouraging Desistance from Crime." Journal of Economic Literature 61, no. 2 (2023): 383–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211536.

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Half of individuals released from prison in the United States will be re-incarcerated within three years, creating an incarceration cycle that is detrimental to individuals, families, and communities. There is tremendous public interest in ending this cycle, and public policies can help or hinder the reintegration of those released from jail and prison. This review summarizes the existing empirical evidence on how to intervene with existing offenders to reduce criminal behavior and improve social welfare. (JEL D91, I18, I28, I38, K42, R23)

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Niazi, Bilal Khan, and Javed Iqbal. "Exploring and Critically Analyzing Cybercrime Legislation and Digital Rights in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects." Indus Journal of Law and Social Sciences I, no. I (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.70540/ijlss.2022(i-i).01.

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Modern nations have sought to address the complexities of the digital realm by employing legal frameworks. These legal structures typically manifest as either regulatory measures or criminal statutes. For instance, the United States maintains a robust competition law, exemplified by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which scrutinizes the market dominance of tech corporations and governs their behavior through punitive enforcement actions. While the U.S. has adapted existing legislation to oversee the activities of private entities in cyberspace, the European Union (EU) has taken a distinct a

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DeLisi, Matt, Erik J. Nelson, Michael G. Vaughn, Brian B. Boutwell, and Christopher P. Salas-Wright. "An Epidemiological Study of Burglary Offenders: Trends and Predictors of Self-Reported Arrests for Burglary in the United States, 2002-2013." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 4 (2016): 1107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16670178.

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Burglary is serious property crime with a relatively high incidence and has been shown to be variously associated with other forms of criminal behavior. Unfortunately, an epidemiological understanding of burglary and its correlates is largely missing from the literature. Using public-use data collected between 2002 and 2013 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the current study compared those who self-reported burglary arrest in the prior 12 months with and without criminal history. The unadjusted prevalence estimates of self-reported burglary arrest were statisticall

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Robb, Kevin S., and Shan Patel. "The United States, the International Criminal Court, and Afghanistan: The Rupturing of Mutual Accommodation." International Criminal Law Review 20, no. 6 (2020): 1068–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10029.

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Abstract In September 2018, then U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton delivered a speech that ushered in a new, more aggressive era of U.S. foreign policy vis-à-vis the International Criminal Court (icc). Washington’s disapprobation over the icc’s interest in the alleged crimes of U.S. personnel in Afghanistan has been seen as the cause for this change. While this is certainly partly true, little attention has been paid to Fatou Bensouda’s prosecutorial behaviour as an explanatory factor. Using the framework from David Bosco’s Rough Justice, this article demonstrates that a distinct shif

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Horvath, Frank, and Robert Peters. "Polygraph Testing and Social Intolerance: A Warning to Examiners Outside of the United States." European Polygraph 16, no. 1 (2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ep-2022-0001.

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Abstract The use of polygraph testing in the applicant screening process for law enforcement positions is widely accepted in the United States and elsewhere. Generally, that testing includes questions related to past behaviors such as involvement in criminal activity, use of illegal drugs, falsified background information, employment misconduct and so forth. More recently some have advocated that such testing ought to include questions related to ‘social intolerance.” In this paper we argue that testing for such ‘intolerance’ is highly objectionable and is likely to encourage efforts to prohib

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Arno, Claudia. "Proportional Response: The Need for More—And More Standardized—Veterans’ Courts." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 48.4 (2015): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.48.4.proportional.

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Over the past two decades, judges and legislators in a number of states have recognized significant shortcomings in the ways traditional systems of criminal corrections address cases involving criminal offenders who are veterans of the U.S. armed services. This recognition has come at a time when policy-makers have similarly recognized that, for certain subsets of criminal offenders, “diversionary” programs may achieve better policy results than will traditional criminal punishment. In accordance with these dual recognitions, some states have implemented systems of veterans’ courts, in which c

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Elliott, Rebecca T. "Examining the Relationship Between Personality Characteristics and Unethical Behaviors Resulting in Economic Crime." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (2010): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.12.3.269.

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The current downward economic spiral in the United States has forced diffi cult, sometimes unethical financial decisions brought to public attention by high-profi le offenders. Previous research has not supported personality as a signifi cant factor in white-collar crime (Alalehto, 2003; Blickle, Schlegel, Fassbender, & Klein, 2006; Freeley, 2006). Current data and small research efforts indicate that some personality traits are more evident than others in the case of economic crime. Systematically examining personality traits as a factor in instances of embezzlement and fraudulent acts ma

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Finkelhor, David, and Melanie Johnson. "Has Psychiatric Medication Reduced Crime and Delinquency?" Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 3 (2015): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015620817.

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Several strands of research are consistent with the possibility that expansions in psychiatric medication usage have reduced crime and delinquency. Estimates suggest that medication usage has increased to as much as 9% of the youth population and up to 20% of the adult population in the United States and is high among populations associated with the criminal justice system. Studies show that four classes of commonly used psychiatric medication do reduce aggressive behavior, and crime rates are lower among diagnosed patients receiving such medications compared to those not. Prescriptions for me

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Scott, Bettina M., Robert W. Denniston, and Kathryn M. Magruder. "Alcohol Advertising in the African-American Community." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 2 (1992): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200219.

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Beverage alcohol is the most widely used, enjoyed, and abused addictive substance in the United States. Alcohol related problems — which range from alcoholism, cirrhosis, trauma, and criminal behavior to birth defects, cancer, and other long-term health problems — result in an estimated 100,000 deaths and cost the American society more than $135 billion each year. Alcohol abuse is the leading health and safety problem in the African-American community, making its health and social consequences especially severe. Given this backdrop, there are compelling reasons to be concerned when alcohol pro

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DeLuca, Joseph S., John Vaccaro, Amalia Rudnik, Nicole Graham, Anna Giannicchi, and Philip T. Yanos. "Sociodemographic Predictors of Sex Offender Stigma: How Politics Impact Attitudes, Social Distance, and Perceptions of Sex Offender Recidivism." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 10 (2017): 2879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17723639.

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Stigma toward general criminal offenders has been found to be particularly salient among community members who identify as politically conservative; however, less is known about how political identification relates to stigma toward sex offenders. This is a particularly important area of inquiry, given that criminal jurisprudence and politics legitimatize stigmatizing labels attributed to sex offenders through laws and policies that apply specifically to this group. A nonrandom sample ( N = 518) of participants living in the United States was recruited for this survey study. Findings indicated

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King, Ryan D., and Denise Obinna. "Violent Crime and Immigrant Removals: Reasons and Determinants of Immigrant Deportations, 1908-1986." Migration Letters 15, no. 2 (2018): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i2.371.

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This research describes and explains changes in non-citizen deportations from the United States between 1908 and 1986. Using data from historical immigration yearbooks, we first document and quantify the primary reasons given for removing immigrants from U.S. soil. A key finding is that perceived dispositional defects and threatening behavior (e.g., criminal behavior, mental or physical defects) accounted for a large proportion of deportations in the early 20th century, but these gave way to administrative rationales (e.g., improper documentation) as immigration law and the enforcement bureauc

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Haley, Patricia, and Darrell Norman Burrell. "Leveraging Geo-Profiling to Address Rape as a Public Health and Criminal Epidemic in the United States." Land Forces Academy Review 29, no. 3 (2024): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2024-0038.

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Abstract Rape, as a pervasive societal issue, transcends the boundaries of public safety, criminal justice, legal jurisprudence, and public health, casting a long shadow of fear, trauma, and profound consequences across communities. This article delves into the multifaceted nature of rape, recognizing it not solely as a criminal phenomenon but as a complex public health crisis demanding comprehensive intervention. In response to the imperative of addressing rape and serial rapists as a criminal and public health epidemic, this study introduces an innovative approach that harnesses the potentia

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Шкабин, Геннадий, and Gennadiy Shkabin. "CRIMINALLY-LEGAL MAINTENANCE OF OPERATIONAL-INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITY IN AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED STATES: THE EXPERIENCE FOR THE RUSSIAN LEGISLATOR." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 3 (2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_593fc343c04c73.33901692.

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For a relatively long time there is consideration of criminal law maintenance for secrecy activity of law enforcement agencies in order to combat crime in the legislation, judicial practice and jurisprudence of some foreign countries. In many states this process has undergone numerous changes. The article presents the experience of legal regulation of causing harm during performance of activities, which is called operational-investigative in Russia. The provisions of legal acts and court decisions of Australia and the United States as the countries with the most developed regulatory and scient

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Douglas, Emily, and Jennifer Vanderminden. "A Longitudinal, Multilevel Analysis of Homicide Against Children Aged 0–9 Years Using State-Level Characteristics: 1979–2007." Violence and Victims 29, no. 5 (2014): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00085.

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Annually, over a thousand children are the victims of homicide in the United States Homicide among younger children, 0–9 years of age, is usually perpetrated by parents and caregivers. Researchers neither have tracked changes in the homicide rate among young children over time nor have they used theory to understand what factors may drive these changes. In this analysis of state-level data, we used longitudinal growth modeling and ecological theory to examine changes in homicide rate against children aged 0–9 years from 1979 to 2007. Our results indicate that states are relatively consistent,

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Keitner, Chimène I. "Attribution by Indictment." AJIL Unbound 113 (2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.34.

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The challenges of attributing malicious cyber activity—that is, identifying its authors and provenance with a sufficient degree of certainty—are well documented. This essay focuses on a phenomenon that I call “attribution by indictment.” Since 2014, the United States has issued more than a dozen indictments that implicate four foreign states in malicious cyber activity: China, Iran, Russia, and North Korea. Ten of these indictments were issued in 2018, suggesting that this practice is likely to continue and even intensify in the near term. Attribution by indictment uses domestic criminal law,

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Korman, Benjamin A. "Recruitment discrimination of lifetime classic psychedelic users is unjustified: Evidence from employees' motivation-based workplace absenteeism." Journal of Psychedelic Studies 6, no. 3 (2023): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00240.

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AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough large-scale population studies have linked the use of classic psychedelics (lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, or mescaline) to reduced odds of physical health problems, mental health problems, and criminal behavior, the roughly 35 million adults in the United States who have used classic psychedelics are nonetheless stigmatized in the American job market. Various federal organizations in the United States automatically reject applicants on the sole basis of prior psychedelic use, thereby practicing an open form of legal discrimination against these app

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Schehr, Robert. "The Emperor’s New Clothes." Texas A&M Law Review 2, no. 3 (2015): 385–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v2.i3.2.

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United States Supreme Court and jurisprudential rationalizations for the constitutionality, centrality, and finality of plea-bargaining signify intellectual dishonesty, ignorance of human behavior and decision-making, and a statesanctioned threat to personhood and liberty in the United States of America. It is the Author’s purpose to expose the imperious practice of plea-bargaining for what it is—a cynical and intellectually dishonest institutional remedy for an unwieldy judicial system that has knowingly rationalized the practice to facilitate expedient resolution of ever-increasing caseloads

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Nita. "Legal Aspects of Insider Dealing." Dagon University Research Journal Vol.3, no. 2011 (2019): Pg.41–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542332.

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Insider dealing or insider trading is the illegal buying or selling of securities on the basics of information that are unavailable to the public. Insider dealing involves the use of confidential information that would affect the price of the securities or stocks and shares that are being bought or sold. A person can only be an insider if he both know that information is inside information and he knows the information from an inside source. In UK, Criminal Justice Act 1993 provided only criminal penalty for insider dealing but later Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 introduced civil/admi

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Veggi, Sara, and Fausto Roveta. "Neurodegenerative Disorders in Criminal Offending and Cognitive Decline Among Aging Inmates." NeuroSci 6, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6010005.

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Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), presents critical challenges for correctional systems, particularly as global populations age. AD, affecting 60–80% of dementia cases, primarily impairs memory and cognition in individuals over 65. In contrast, FTD, rarer than AD but not uncommon in those under 65, affects the frontal and temporal brain regions, leading to deficits in social behavior, language, and impulse control, often resulting in antisocial actions and legal consequences. Behavioral variant FTD is especially associated with socially inappropria

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Epperson, Matthew W., Amy Blank Wilson, and Gina Fedock. "The Promise of Research to Advance Smart Decarceration." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 1 (2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820977587.

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This paper describes the concept of “Smart Decarceration” and introduces the special issue of Criminal Justice and Behavior entitled “Research to Advance Smart Decarceration Policies, Programs, and Interventions.” The concept of Smart Decarceration originated nearly a decade ago as the United States reached a tipping point in mass incarceration, and it focuses on three interrelated outcomes: substantially reducing the use of incarceration and other forms of punishment; reversing racial disparities and other inequities in the criminal justice system; and promoting safety and well-being, particu

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Zbigniew Lasocik. "The Professional Criminal." Archives of Criminology, no. XXVI (May 5, 2002): 17–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2001-2002b.

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The article seeks to sum up all that has been said on the subject of professional criminality in the past half-century. It was never any part of the author’s aim to offer an analysis of contemporary professional crime. He viewed his task in much more modest terms. First of all he presents the origins of professional crime in a historical perspective and adduces the traditional definitions of the phenomenon dating to the first decade of the 20th century. Next he addresses the issue of empirical determination of the scale of professional crime and presents more recent approaches to description o

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Aizer, Anna, and Joseph J. Doyle. "Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 2 (2015): 759–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv003.

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Abstract Over 130,000 juveniles are detained in the United States each year with 70,000 in detention on any given day, yet little is known about whether such a penalty deters future crime or interrupts social and human capital formation in a way that increases the likelihood of later criminal behavior. This article uses the incarceration tendency of randomly assigned judges as an instrumental variable to estimate causal effects of juvenile incarceration on high school completion and adult recidivism. Estimates based on over 35,000 juvenile offenders over a 10-year period from a large urban cou

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Lowe, Maria R., Angela Stroud, and Alice Nguyen. "Who Looks Suspicious? Racialized Surveillance in a Predominantly White Neighborhood." Social Currents 4, no. 1 (2016): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516651638.

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In recent decades, neighborhoods across the United States have begun to employ digital media to monitor their communities for outsiders who are seen as suspicious. Yet, little is known about these surveillance practices and their consequences at the individual and neighborhood levels. Such monitoring behaviors are important to analyze not only because of the ways that perceptions of criminal threat are often racialized but also because of the role that private citizens play in initiating contact between strangers and the police. Based on an analysis of e-mails submitted to a listserv in a libe

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