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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Crop rotation – Western Australia”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

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1

Turner, NC. "Crop production on duplex soils: an introduction." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920797.

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Duplex or texture-contrast soils occur over about 60% of the agricultural areas of south-west Western Australia. Annual crops of wheat, barley, oats, and lupins predominate on these soils, grown in rotation with annual pastures. The climate is characterised by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Crop production is restricted to the winter and spring and is limited by waterlogging in the wet winter months and by water shortage during grain filling in spring. Research on crop production on duplex soils has been undertaken for the past 8 years by a collaborative team from the CSIRO Dryland Cr

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2

Bhathal, J. S., and R. Loughman. "Ability of retained stubble to carry-over leaf diseases of wheat in rotation crops." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 5 (2001): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00134.

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Increasingly, wheat rotations on sand-plain soils in Western Australia are being managed with stubble retention practices for reasons of moisture and soil conservation. A major concern in stubble retention practices is an associated increase in risk from septoria nodorum blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). These pathogens frequently occur together in the region and survive in crop surface residues. The amount of disease carry-over on stubble is an important determinant of the severity of leaf diseases during the entire crop season. To provide a ration

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3

Ewing, MA, AD Bathgate, RJ French, and CK Revell. "The role of crop and pasture legumes in rotations on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920971.

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Duplex soils are prominent in southern Australia and are generally low in fertility. Their agricultural performance is, therefore, suboptimal in most circumstances without an exogenous source of nitrogen. This is often supplied by legumes which are grown in rotation with non-leguminous crops. Both crop and pasture legumes are now widely used in southern Australia and the contribution that they make to the non-legume phase of rotations is through nitrogen fixation and through other mechanisms such as cereal disease breaks. We use a mathematical programming model, MIDAS (Model of an Integrated F

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4

Lawes, Roger, and Michael Renton. "The Land Use Sequence Optimiser (LUSO): A theoretical framework for analysing crop sequences in response to nitrogen, disease and weed populations." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 10 (2010): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10026.

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The break crop effect, where a non-cereal crop provides relief from soil pathogens, may increase soil nitrogen reserves for a cereal and help minimise populations of herbicide resistant weeds. It is widely used in agriculture to maximise the economic return and yield of cereal crops. In Western Australia, cereal crops are being grown with increasing frequency, at the expense of less profitable break crops and we have developed a land use sequence optimiser (LUSO) to analyse strategic break crop decisions across a suite of price, yield, nitrogen fertiliser cost, soil borne disease load and weed

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5

Kalkhoran, Sanaz Shoghi, David Pannell, Tas Thamo, Maksym Polyakov, and Benedict White. "Optimal lime rates for soil acidity mitigation: impacts of crop choice and nitrogen fertiliser in Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19101.

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Many agricultural soils are naturally acidic, and agricultural production can acidify soil through processes such as nitrogen (N) fixation by legumes and application of N fertiliser. This means that decisions about mitigation of soil acidity (e.g. through application of lime), crop rotation and N fertiliser application are interdependent. This paper presents a dynamic model to determine jointly the optimal lime application strategies and N application rates in a rainfed cropping system in Western Australia. The model accounts for two crop rotations (with and without a legume break crop), for t

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6

Thomson, C. J., C. K. Revell, N. C. Turner, M. A. Ewing, and I. F. Le Coultre. "Influence of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and composition of annual pastures in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a94082.

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A long-term rotation experiment located in south-western Australia was used to measure the effect of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and botanical composition of grazed annual pastures in 2 contrasting seasons in an environment with an average annual rainfall of 325 mm. The density of self-regenerating seedlings of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), and grasses (Lolium rigidum, Hordeum leporinum, Bromus diandrus) was greatly increased (approx. 3 times the density) when there was a second year of pasture after crop compared

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7

Ward, P. R. "Predicting the impact of perennial phases on average leakage from farming systems in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04137.

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Rising watertables and dryland salinity in southern Australia are due to excess groundwater recharge after the replacement of native vegetation by annual crops and pastures. The inclusion of perennial plants into agricultural systems has been proposed as a possible method of recharge reduction, through the creation of a buffer (extra water storage capacity generated by the perennial in comparison with an annual crop or pasture). However, the role of perennial phases under conditions of highly episodic leakage is not well understood. In this paper, a simple Leakage/Buffer Model (LeBuM) was deve

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8

Osler, Graham H. R., Petra C. J. van Vliet, Craig S. Gauci, and Lynette K. Abbott. "Changes in free living soil nematode and micro-arthropod communities under a canola - wheat - lupin rotation in Western Australia." Soil Research 38, no. 1 (2000): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99050.

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Diversification of the crops used in wheat production systems provides alternative sources of income and can interrupt wheat pathogen lifecycles. Two important alternative crops in Western Australia are canola and lupins, which may both improve growth of following wheat. Improved growth of wheat following canola may be the consequence of biofumigation or increased root penetration by the wheat. Available nitrogen may be increased following lupins. We examined free-living soil fauna in a canola–wheat–lupin rotation near Moora, Western Australia, to determine the effects of these crops on the so

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9

Humphries, A. W., X. G. Zhang, K. S. McDonald, R. A. Latta, and G. C. Auricht. "Persistence of diverse lucerne (Medicago sativa sspp.) germplasm under farmer management across a range of soil types in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 2 (2008): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07037.

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The persistence of a diverse group of lucerne (Medicago sativa sspp.) germplasm was evaluated under farmer management across a range of acidic and neutral-alkaline soils at 8 sites in South and Western Australia. Dryland field trials were sown in parallel with commercial lucerne paddocks being grown in rotation with cereal crops, remaining unfenced and under management by the farmer for the life of the stand. The combined differences in soil type, grazing management, and low rainfall contributed to large differences in average lucerne persistence between sites in South Australia and Western Au

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10

Whish, J. P. M., P. Castor, and P. S. Carberry. "Managing production constraints to the reliability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) within marginal areas of the northern grains region of Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 5 (2007): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06179.

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The poor reliability of chickpea yield produced in the marginal (<600 mm rainfall) areas of the northern cropping zone is a constraint to the wide adoption of the crop. Chickpea is a valuable rotation crop and is currently the only viable winter grain legume suitable to this region. This paper uses results from in-crop monitoring and crop simulation, to identify practical management strategies to improve the reliability of chickpea crops in this region. APSIM-Chickpea successfully simulated the commercial yields of chickpea crops monitored during the study. Soil water at sowing and sowing d

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11

Moore, Andrew D. "Opportunities and trade-offs in dual-purpose cereals across the southern Australian mixed-farming zone: a modelling study." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09006.

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Dual-purpose cereals are employed in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia to provide additional winter forage. Recently there has been interest in applying this technology in the drier environments of South and Western Australia. It would therefore be useful to gain an understanding of the trade-offs and risks associated with grazing wheat crops in different locations. In this study the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) crop and soil simulation models were linked to the GRAZPLAN pasture and livestock models and used to examine the benefits and costs of grazing cereal cr

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12

Anderson, WK, and WR Smith. "Increasing wheat yields in a high rainfall area of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900607.

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Average commercial wheat yields in the southern, high rainfall area of Western Australia have seldom exceeded 1.5 t/ha and wheat is not widely grown. However, the average annual rainfall and length of growing season (>400 mm and >6 months) are conducive to much larger yields. Thirteen factorial experiments with mid and long season cultivars (Aroona and Osprey), 2 levels of applied nitrogen (N) (40 and 80 kg N/ha), 2 seed rates (50 and 100 kg/ha) and with or without fungicide were conducted at 8 sites over 2 seasons. The experiment was done to investigate combinations of cultivar and agro

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13

Anderson, W. K., M. A. Hamza, D. L. Sharma, M. F. D'Antuono, F. C. Hoyle, N. Hill, B. J. Shackley, M. Amjad, and C. Zaicou-Kunesch. "The role of management in yield improvement of the wheat crop—a review with special emphasis on Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05077.

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Modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been well adapted for survival and production in water-limited environments since it was first domesticated in the Mediterranean basin at least 8000 years ago. Adaptation to various environments has been assisted through selection and cross-breeding for traits that contribute to high and stable yield since that time. Improvements in crop management aimed at improving yield and grain quality probably developed more slowly but the rate of change has accelerated in recent decades. Many studies have shown that the contribution to increased yield from impr

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14

Borger, C. P. D., G. P. Riethmuller, and A. Hashem. "Emergence, survival and seed production of Enteropogon ramosus in a pasture - wheat rotation or continuous pasture rotation in the wheatbelt of Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 8 (2010): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10135.

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Enteropogon ramosus is a native, perennial, C4 grass species found within the wheatbelt of Western Australia. Emergence, survival, seed production and seed dormancy of E. ramosus was investigated in a continuous pasture rotation, a pasture–minimum tillage wheat rotation, and a pasture–minimum tillage wheat rotation where a cultivation event at the beginning of the pasture year was used to kill all E. ramosus plants. The results indicated that E. ramosus could germinate throughout the year, although plant density (ranging annually from 0 to 17 plants m−2) was lowest in conditions of low rainfal

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15

Li, Guangdi D., Rajinder P. Singh, John P. Brennan, and Keith R. Helyar. "A financial analysis of lime application in a long-term agronomic experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 1 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09103.

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Management of Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER) is a long-term agronomic experiment commenced in 1992. There were 3 fundamental treatment contrasts in this experiment: (a) annual systems v. perennial systems; (b) limed v. unlimed treatments; and (c) permanent pastures v. pasture–crop rotations. The soil was acidic to depth with pH (in CaCl2) below 4.5 and exchangeable Al above 40% at 0.10–0.20 m when the experiment started. Lime was applied every 6 years to maintain soil pHCa at 5.5 in the 0–0.10 m soil depth. A financial analysis was undertaken to estimate potential benefits and

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16

Monjardino, M., D. J. Pannell, and S. B. Powles. "The economic value of pasture phases in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2004): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03050.

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Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum�L.). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. One important question in the design of such systems is whether and when the benefits of including pasture in rotation with crops exceed the costs. In this paper, the multi-species resistance and integrated management mode

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17

Hamza, M. A., and W. K. Anderson. "Improving soil physical fertility and crop yield on a clay soil in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 5 (2002): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01099.

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In the low rainfall area of Western Australia, clay soils with massive soil structure form a major part of the area sown to wheat. Yield increases on such soils have been poor in the last decade compared with those on other soil types. An experiment was conducted over 4 years (1997–2000) using a factorial combination of soil ripping to 0.4 m, application of commercial grade gypsum at 2.5 t/ha, and addition of complete nutrients based on soil test each year. All crop residues were retained after harvest and returned to the soil. The experiment was conducted in a wheat–field pea rotation at Merr

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18

Syme, H., T. L. Botwright Acuña, D. Abrecht, and L. J. Wade. "Nitrogen contributions in a windmill grass (Chloris truncata) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in south-western Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 8 (2007): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07159.

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Chloris truncata, a perennial grass that is native to Australia, has potential as a short-lived summer pasture in rotation with wheat and other winter crops in the low to medium rainfall zone of south-western Australia. In this paper we examine the nitrogen contributions from a C. truncata–wheat system, with the expectation that C. truncata may take up nitrate which would otherwise be lost to leaching, for later release to the following wheat crop. In glasshouse experiments, residual soil nitrate in bare soil was available for uptake and growth of wheat, with a greater response when N was appl

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19

Anderson, W. K., G. B. Crosbie, and W. J. Lambe. "Production practices in Western Australia for wheats suitable for white, salted noodles." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a95133.

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Wheat cultivars acceptable for the Noodle wheat segregation in Western Australia were compared with cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade over the period 1989–93. Yield and grain quality responses to sowing time, nitrogen fertiliser, soil type, and cropping history were examined to determine management practices most likely to result in wheat grain suitable for the production of white, salted noodles. Thirty experiments were conducted in the 300–450 mm average annual rainfall zone between Three Springs in the north (approx. 29° 30′S) and Newdegate in the south (appro

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20

Anderson, WK, GB Crosbie, and K. Lemsom. "Production practices for high protein, hard wheat in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950589.

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Field experiments were conducted at 18 sites over 4 years in the eastern and north-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia where average annual rainfall is <400mm, to investigate suitable techniques for the production of high protein (>13%) wheat in an area that traditionally produces grain of a much lower average protein percentage. Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia but 5-10% less than cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade. Differences between cultivars were greatest

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21

Monjardino, M., D. J. Pannell, and S. B. Powles. "The economic value of haying and green manuring in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 12 (2004): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03144.

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Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. These systems include non-herbicide methods ranging from delayed seeding and high crop seeding rates to the use of non-cropping phases in the rotation. In this paper, the Multi-species RIM (resistance and integrated management) mode

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22

Hulugalle, N. R., P. C. Entwistle, F. Scott, and J. Kahl. "Rotation crops for irrigated cotton in a medium-fine, self-mulching, grey Vertosol." Soil Research 39, no. 2 (2001): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00035.

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Many cotton growers sow rotation crops after irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), assuming that they will improve soil quality and maintain profitability of cotton. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most common rotation crop, although more recently, legumes such as faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) have come into favour. This paper reports data on soil quality (organic C, nitrate-N, soil structure), yield (cotton lint and rotation crop grain yield, fibre quality), economic returns (gross margins/ha, gross margins/ML irrigation water), and management constraints

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23

Chapman, AL, and RJK Myers. "Nitrogen contributed by grain legumes to rice grown in rotation on the Cununurra soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1987): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870155.

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The uptake of nitrogen (N) by dry season rice following wet season crops of soybean (for grain or green manure), green gram, Sesbania cannabina (a native legume), a cereal (sorghum or dryland rice for grain), or bare fallow, was studied for 3 cropping cycles over 4 years. The work was done on Cununurra clay (0.04% N) at Kimberley Research Station near Kununurra, W.A., in the Ord Irrigation Area. Stubbles were returned to the soil except in the first cycle when (excluding the green manure treatment) all tops were removed from the plots at maturity. There was a 12-month bare fallow period betwee

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24

Dolling, P. J. "Water use and drainage under phalaris, annual pasture, and crops on a duplex soil in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99167.

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Rising water tables in southern Western Australia are causing waterlogging and salinity problems. These issues are related to a lower level of water use by annual plants than by the native vegetation. Phalaris can use more water than annual pastures and crops because of deeper rooting characteristics and longer growing season. However, there is limited information on the water use of phalaris in the Western Australian environment. There is also very little information on water balances under annual crops and pastures outside the growing season. A field experiment was carried out on a duplex so

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25

Ward, P. R., D. J. M. Hall, S. F. Micin, K. Whisson, T. M. Willis, K. Treble, and D. Tennant. "Water use by annual crops. 1. Role of dry matter production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07076.

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In southern Australia, expanding dryland salinity is the result of increased deep drainage associated with widespread replacement of native perennial vegetation by annual agricultural crops and pastures. Although perennial pastures have been shown to assist in slowing salinisation, their adoption has been slow, and annual crops and pastures are likely to remain as the dominant land use for the foreseeable future. Therefore, understanding the water balance of annual crops and pastures, and how it can be manipulated, is important in trying to manage salinity. In this research we investigate the

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26

Thomas, G. J., W. J. MacLeod, and M. W. Sweetingham. "Incidence of root and hypocotyl diseases in lupin crops in Western Australia between 1986 and 2005." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 3 (2010): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09208.

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Three separate surveys were carried out in commercial lupin crops in the major lupin growing region of Western Australia in 1986, 1990, and 2004–05. In total, 333 sites were sampled and plants assessed for the incidence and cause of root and hypocotyl rots. Measurements were made of plant density and sowing depth at all sites. In all surveys, root rot was more common than hypocotyl rot. Root rot occurred in more than 95% of sites in each survey; however, a greater proportion of sites had high levels of root rot in early surveys. The incidence of root rot within sites decreased from an average

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27

Richards, Mark F., Aaron L. Preston, Tony Napier, Leigh Jenkins, and Lancelot Maphosa. "Sowing Date Affects the Timing and Duration of Key Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Growth Phases." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101257.

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Chickpea is the main legume rotation crop within farming systems in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and is grown mainly under rainfed conditions. Recent expansion of chickpea growing areas in southern and central western NSW expose them to abiotic stresses; however, knowledge about how these stresses affect overall crop development is limited. This study aimed to examine the influence of sowing time on the timing and duration of key chickpea phenological growth phases in southern and central western environments of NSW. Experiments were conducted over two years in southern NSW (Leet

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Kelly, Sean, and Ian Riley. "Radopholus nativus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a potential economic pest of wheat in Western Australia." Nematology 3, no. 1 (2001): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101300106856.

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AbstractLarge population densities (more than 100 000 per g dry weight of roots) of Radopholus nativus apparently caused economic damage to wheat near Wyalkatchem, Western Australia. Plants in large areas of poor growth were colonised by R. nativus, whereas in areas of better growth Pratylenchus neglectus occurred at lower population densities. The boundary between the areas was distinct. In the same year (1998), a further nine wheat samples were found to be infested with R. nativus through examination of 300 diagnostic samples submitted by Western Australian growers. Mixed Radopholus/Pratylen

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Loss, SP, GSP Ritchie, and AD Robson. "Effect of lupins and pasture on soil acidification and fertility in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930457.

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An 'across the fence' comparison of farmer paddocks with nearby virgin bush sites was made at 3 locations, to measure the effects of lupins and subterranean clover based pastures on the chemical properties of the soil. Estimated rates of acidification in the 0-60 cm depth were 0.29-0.55 kmol H+/ha.year for wheat-lupin paddocks and 0.16-0.2 1 kmol H+/ha .year for pasture paddocks. A significant proportion of this acidification occurred below 20 cm, particularly in the lupin paddocks (up to 70% of the total). Severe water repellency had developed at 1 location that had produced 30 lupin crops wi

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Spencer, Beren, Amir Abadi, John Bartle, Robert Sudmeyer, Sarah Van Gent, Mark Gibberd, and Ayalsew Zerihun. "Determinants of the economic viability of mallee eucalypts as a short rotation coppice crop integrated into farming systems of Western Australia." GCB Bioenergy 13, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12775.

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Hulugalle, N. R., T. B. Weaver, L. A. Finlay, and P. Lonergan. "Soil properties, black root-rot incidence, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated cotton cropping systems sown in a Vertosol with subsoil sodicity." Soil Research 50, no. 4 (2012): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12088.

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Comparative studies of soil quality and energy use in two- and three-crop rotations in irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based cropping systems under varying stubble management practices in Australian Vertosols are sparse. Our primary objective was to quantify selected soil quality indices (salinity, sodicity, exchangeable cations, nitrate-N, pH), crop yields, and greenhouse gas emissions in four irrigated cotton-based cropping systems sown on permanent beds in a Vertosol with subsoil sodicity near Narrabri in north-western New South Wales. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effi

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32

Damon, P., S. J. Rance, K. Shammas, A. M. O'Connell, T. S. Grove, and R. McMurtrie. "Contribution of decomposing harvest residues to nutrient cycling in a second rotation Eucalyptus globulus plantation in south-western Australia." Biology and Fertility of Soils 38, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0654-x.

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Bell, Michael J., Wayne Strong, Denis Elliott, and Charlie Walker. "Soil nitrogen—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12431.

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More than 1200 wheat and 120 barley experiments conducted in Australia to examine yield responses to applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser are contained in a national database of field crops nutrient research (BFDC National Database). The yield responses are accompanied by various pre-plant soil test data to quantify plant-available N and other indicators of soil fertility status or mineralisable N. A web application (BFDC Interrogator), developed to access the database, enables construction of calibrations between relative crop yield ((Y0/Ymax) × 100) and N soil test value. In this paper we report

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Lefroy, E. C., R. J. Stirzaker, and J. S. Pate. "The influence of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus Link.) trees on the water balance of an alley cropping system on deep sand in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00035.

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Components of the water balance of an alley cropping system were measured to assess the extent to which tree rows 30 m apart with access to a fresh, perched watertable at 5 m depth were able to capture deep drainage from an inter-cropped cereal–legume rotation. Neutron probe data showed that the 4-year-old trees, cut back to 0.6-m high at the beginning of the experiment, depleted soil water to 2, 4, and 8 m laterally from the tree rows in their first, second, and third years of coppice regrowth, respectively. Combining data from soil water depletion in summer and comparisons of deuterium: hydr

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Evans, J., A. M. McNeill, M. J. Unkovich, N. A. Fettell, and D. P. Heenan. "Net nitrogen balances for cool-season grain legume crops and contributions to wheat nitrogen uptake: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 3 (2001): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00036.

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The removal of nitrogen (N) in grain cereal and canola crops in Australia exceeds 0.3 million t N/year and is increasing with improvements in average crop yields. Although N fertiliser applications to cereals are also rising, N2-fixing legumes still play a pivotal role through inputs of biologically fixed N in crop and pasture systems. This review collates Australian data on the effects of grain legume N2 fixation, the net N balance of legume cropping, summarises trends in the soil N balance in grain legume–cereal rotations, and evaluates the direct contribution of grain legume stubble and roo

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MacNish, GC, and DA Nicholas. "Some effects of field history on the relationship between grass production in subterranean clover pasture, grain yield and take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) in a subsequent crop of wheat at Bannister, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 6 (1987): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9871011.

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The relationship between grass production in subterranean clover pastures with two different rotation histories and take-all in a subsequent wheat crop following barley was studied. Grass production in the pastures ranged from 0 to 1700 kg ha-1. The incidence of take-all in the wheat crop ranged from 10 to l00%, while the take-all severity percentage ranged from 4 to 99.In one rotation series (pasture 9 years; barley, barley, pasture, wheat), each kilogram increase in grass production in the last pasture year caused a 0.087% increase in the take-all severity rating. In the second series (pastu

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Hulugalle, N. R., G. Nachimuthu, K. Kirkby, P. Lonergan, V. Heimoana, M. D. Watkins, and L. A. Finlay. "Sowing maize as a rotation crop in irrigated cotton cropping systems in a Vertosol: effects on soil properties, greenhouse gas emissions, black root rot incidence, cotton lint yield and fibre quality." Soil Research 58, no. 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19242.

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Although sowing winter cereal crops in rotation with irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is practised by many Australian cotton growers, summer cereals such as maize (Zea mays L.) are sown more frequently than previously. Our objective was to quantify the impact of sowing maize rotation crops on soil properties, greenhouse gas emissions, incidence of black root rot (BRR) disease and crop yields in an ongoing long-term experiment located in a Vertosol in north-western New South Wales. The historical treatments were cotton monoculture (sown after either conventional or minimum tillage) and

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Anderson, G. C., I. R. P. Fillery, F. X. Dunin, P. J. Dolling, and S. Asseng. "Nitrogen and water flows under pasture - wheat and lupin - wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia. 2. Drainage and nitrate leaching." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97142.

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Quantification of nitrate (NO-3) leaching is fundamental to understanding the efficiency with which plants use soil-derived nitrogen (N). A deep sand located in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was maintained under a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) and a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based annual pasture-wheat rotation from 1994to 1996. Fluxes of water and NO-3 through, and beyond, the root-zone were examined. Drainage was calculated on a daily basis from measurements of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and the change in soil water content to a de

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Nichols, P. G. H., M. J. Barbetti, G. A. Sandral, B. S. Dear, C. T. de Koning, D. L. Lloyd, P. M. Evans, A. D. Craig, P. Si, and M. P. You. "Urana subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05083.

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Urana is a hardseeded, moderately early flowering F5-derived crossbred subterranean clover of var. subterraneum [(Katz. et Morley) Zohary and Heller] developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It has been selected for release as a new cultivar on the basis of its high winter and spring herbage production and overall field performance relative to other subterranean clovers of similar maturity. Urana is recommended for sowing in Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland. It is best suited to well-drai

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Sudmeyer, R. A., T. Daniels, H. Jones, and D. Huxtable. "The extent and cost of mallee - crop competition in unharvested carbon sequestration and harvested mallee biomass agroforestry systems." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 6 (2012): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12129.

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Mallee-based agroforestry has potential to provide farmers with new income sources derived from biofuels, biofeedstocks, and carbon sequestration. Although mallees are planted on >12 700 ha across the south-west of Western Australia, very little commercial harvesting of mallee has occurred to date. The development of biomass processing industries is constrained by lack of robust information regarding the productivity of integrated mallee and agricultural systems. This study addresses this constraint by quantifying the productivity and economics of agricultural crops and pastures growing in

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Latta, R. A., and A. Lyons. "The performance of lucerne - wheat rotations on Western Australian duplex soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04016.

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In field experiments on duplex soils in the south-eastern and central Western Australian wheatbelt, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture–crop rotations. Comparative pasture plant densities and biomass, soil water content, available soil nitrogen, wheat grain yield, and protein content were measured during 2 and 3 years of pasture followed by 2 and 1 year of wheat, respectively. Lucerne densities declined by 60–90% over the 3-year pasture phase but produced up to 3 times more total annual biomass than weed-dominant annual past

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Riley, MM, JW Gartrell, RF Brennan, J. Hamblin, and P. Coates. "Zinc deficiency in wheat and lupins in Western Australia is affected by the source of phosphate fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 4 (1992): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920455.

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A long-term field experiment is being conducted in the wheatbelt of Western Australia to determine the effects of source of phosphate fertiliser on the residual effectiveness of zinc (Zn) to wheat and to sweet, narrow-leafed lupins grown in rotation. The initial 2 years' results of that experiment reported here indicate that both wheat and lupins responded to the addition of Zn to the soil. The requirements of these crops for Zn, can be mostly met with the small amount of Zn that is a natural component in single superphosphate manufactured from rock phosphates, but not with diammonium phosphat

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Thompson, R. B., and I. R. P. Fillery. "Fate of urea nitrogen in sheep urine applied to soil at different times of the year in the pasture - wheat rotation in south Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97097.

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Sheep urine labelled with 15N-urea was applied toconfined micro-plots at different times of the year to follow the fate of ureaN in urine in the grazed pasture-wheat rotation in south Western Australia.Three field experiments were conducted on the same site on a loamy sand.Applications were made either to pasture residues (Expts 1 and 2) which weresubsequently sown to wheat, orto growing pasture in winter-spring, (Expt 3).In Expt 1, urine was applied in November 1990 (9·8 gN/m2) and April 1991 (46·1 gN/m2). From both applications, losses of15N attributed to NH3volatilisation were c. 50% within

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Gremigni, P., M. W. Sweetingham, and W. A. Cowling. "Seed alkaloid concentrations are not affected by agronomic and phosphorus-nutrition treatments that reduce Pleiochaeta setosa Hughes disease on narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 5 (2006): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05078.

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The severity of brown spot caused by the fungus Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is reduced by improving phosphorus (P) nutrition and using agronomic treatments that extend crop rotation or increase cereal stubble retention. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of these treatments on the alkaloid concentrations of the harvested seed of 3 sweet cultivars of L. angustifolius that differed in their susceptibility to this fungal disease: Merrit (susceptible), Tallerack and Myallie (both moderately resistant). Because abiotic and bi

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Nichols, P. G. H., G. A. Sandral, B. S. Dear, C. T. de Koning, D. L. Lloyd, P. M. Evans, A. D. Craig, et al. "Izmir subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05283.

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Izmir is a hardseeded, early flowering, subterranean clover of var. subterraneum (Katz. et Morley) Zohary and Heller collected from Turkey and developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It is a more hardseeded replacement for Nungarin and best suited to well-drained, moderately acidic soils in areas with a growing season of less than 4.5 months. Izmir seed production and regeneration densities in 3-year pasture phases were similar to Nungarin in 21 trials across southern Australia, but markedly greater in years following a crop or no

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Zhang, Xuehua, and W. G. Dilantha Fernando. "Insights into fighting against blackleg disease of Brassica napus in Canada." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16401.

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Blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia, Canada and Europe. Although cultural strategies such as crop rotation, fungicide application, and tillage are adopted to control the disease, the most promising disease control strategy is the utilisation of resistant canola varieties. However, field populations of L. maculans display a high evolutionary potential and are able to overcome major resistance genes within a few years, making disease control relying on resistant varieties challenging.

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Bolland, M. D. A., and R. J. Gilkes. "Evaluation of two rock phosphates and a calcined rock phosphate as maintenance fertilizers for crop ? pasture rotations in Western Australia." Fertilizer Research 28, no. 1 (April 1991): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01048851.

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Anderson, G. C., I. R. P. Fillery, P. J. Dolling, and S. Asseng. "Nitrogen and water flows under pasture - wheat and lupin - wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia. 1. Nitrogen fixation in legumes, net N mineralisation,and utilisation of soil-derived nitrogen." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97141.

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Detailed studies on the eciency with which pastures and crops use soil-derived nitrogen (N) in southern Australia are limited. Inefficiencies in the N cycle are indicated by wide spread soilacidification and low N status in wheat grain. The aims of this study were to document rates of N2 fixation by subterranean clover-based pastures and narrow-leaf lupin, plant uptake of soil-derived N, mineralisation of organic N during legume and cereal phases, and export of N from pastures, lupin,and wheat in relation to climate and soil water. These measurements were undertaken in a rotation experiment co

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Chapman, D. F., D. Beca, J. Hill, J. Tharmaraj, J. L. Jacobs, and B. R. Cullen. "Increasing home-grown forage consumption and profit in non-irrigated dairy systems. 4. Economic performance." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13186.

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The profitability of dairy farm systems in southern Australia is closely related to the amount of pasture grown and consumed on-farm by dairy cows. However, there are doubts regarding the extent to which gains in feed supply from perennial ryegrass pasture can continue to support productivity growth in the industry. A farmlet experiment was conducted in south-western Victoria for 4 years (June 2005–May 2009), comparing a production system based on the use of forage species that complement perennial ryegrass in their seasonal growth pattern (‘Complementary Forages’, or CF) with a well managed s

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Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Comparing copper requirements of field pea and wheat grown on alkaline soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 9 (2004): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03091.

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Copper (Cu) is a common deficiency of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the major crop grown in south-western Australia. The Cu requirements of wheat are well known for soils in the region, but are not known for field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown in rotation with wheat on alkaline soils in the region. The Cu requirements of field pea and spring wheat were compared in a glasshouse experiment, using 2 alkaline soils from south-western Australia. The Cu was either incubated in moist soil at 22°C for 100 days before sowing (incubated Cu) or applied just before sowing (current Cu). Comparative C

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