Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Cushion gas

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Cushion gas”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 24 kwietnia 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Cushion gas"

Zhang, Jun An, Kai Ren, Lina Wang i Bo Liu. "Camping Performance Experiment of Gas Thrust Bearing with Elastic Pressure Equalizing Groove". Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (lipiec 2011): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.547.

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Camping is a major parameter of floatation cushion dynamic performance, we could get floatation cushion dynamic performance parameter through research floatation cushion camping performance.This paper uses experiment method to measure floatation cushion film gap and then data processing is by wavelet felixgong principle.Through the comparison of two curves we can observe that the camping of the gas lubricated thrust bearing with elastic pressure equalizing groove is obviously bigger than the gas lubricated thrust bearing with stiffness pressure equalizing groove.So elastic cushion could decay the external drive faster which can improve the cushion’s stability and could be widely used in the future.

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Luboń, Katarzyna, i Radosław Tarkowski. "Hydrogen Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers: Non-Recoverable Cushion Gas after Storage". Energies 17, nr 6 (21.03.2024): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061493.

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Underground hydrogen storage facilities require cushion gas to operate, which is an expensive one-time investment. Only some of this gas is recoverable after the end of UHS operation. A significant percentage of the hydrogen will remain in underground storage as non-recoverable cushion gas. Efforts must be made to reduce it. This article presents the results of modeling the cushion gas withdrawal after the end of cyclical storage operation. It was found that the amount of non-recoverable cushion gas is fundamentally influenced by the duration of the initial hydrogen filling period, the hydrogen flow rate, and the timing of the upconing occurrence. Upconing is one of the main technical barriers to hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers. The ratio of non-recoverable cushion gas to cushion gas (NRCG/CG) decreases with an increasing amount of cushion gas. The highest ratio, 0.63, was obtained in the shortest 2-year initial filling period. The lowest ratio, 0.35, was obtained when utilizing the longest initial filling period of 4 years and employing the largest amount of cushion gas. The presented cases of cushion gas recovery can help investors decide which storage option is the most advantageous based on the criteria that are important to them.

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Cao, Cheng, Jianxing Liao, Zhengmeng Hou, Hongcheng Xu, Faisal Mehmood i Xuning Wu. "Utilization of CO2 as Cushion Gas for Depleted Gas Reservoir Transformed Gas Storage Reservoir". Energies 13, nr 3 (25.01.2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030576.

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Underground gas storage reservoirs (UGSRs) are used to keep the natural gas supply smooth. Native natural gas is commonly used as cushion gas to maintain the reservoir pressure and cannot be extracted in the depleted gas reservoir transformed UGSR, which leads to wasting huge amounts of this natural energy resource. CO2 is an alternative gas to avoid this particular issue. However, the mixing of CO2 and CH4 in the UGSR challenges the application of CO2 as cushion gas. In this work, the Donghae gas reservoir is used to investigate the suitability of using CO2 as cushion gas in depleted gas reservoir transformed UGSR. The impact of the geological and engineering parameters, including the CO2 fraction for cushion gas, reservoir temperature, reservoir permeability, residual water and production rate, on the reservoir pressure, gas mixing behavior, and CO2 production are analyzed detailly based on the 15 years cyclic gas injection and production. The results showed that the maximum accepted CO2 concentration for cushion gas is 9% under the condition of production and injection for 120 d and 180 d in a production cycle at a rate of 4.05 kg/s and 2.7 kg/s, respectively. The typical curve of the mixing zone thickness can be divided into four stages, which include the increasing stage, the smooth stage, the suddenly increasing stage, and the periodic change stage. In the periodic change stage, the mixed zone increases with the increasing of CO2 fraction, temperature, production rate, and the decreasing of permeability and water saturation. The CO2 fraction in cushion gas, reservoir permeability, and production rate have a significant effect on the breakthrough of CO2 in the production well, while the effect of water saturation and temperature is limited.

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Heinemann, Niklas, Mark Wilkinson, Kate Adie, Katriona Edlmann, Eike Marie Thaysen, Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband i Robert Stuart Haszeldine. "Cushion Gas in Hydrogen Storage—A Costly CAPEX or a Valuable Resource for Energy Crises?" Hydrogen 3, nr 4 (12.12.2022): 550–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040035.

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The geological storage of hydrogen is a seasonal energy storage solution, and the storage capacity of saline aquifers is most appropriately defined by quantifying the amount of hydrogen that can be injected and reproduced over a relevant time period. Cushion gas, stored in the reservoir to support the production of the working gas, is a CAPEX, which should be reduced to decrease implementation cost for gas storage. The cushion gas to working gas ratio provides a sufficiently accurate reflection of the storage efficiency, with higher ratios equating to larger initial investments. This paper investigates how technical measures, such as well configurations and adjustments to the operational size and schedule, can reduce this ratio, and the outcomes can inform optimisation strategies for hydrogen storage operations. Using a simplified open saline aquifer reservoir model, hydrogen storage is simulated with a single injection and production well. The results show that the injection process is more sensitive to technical measures than the production process; a shorter perforation and a smaller well diameter increases the required cushion gas for the injection process but has little impact on the production. If the storage operation capacity is expanded, and the working gas volume increased, the required cushion gas to working gas ratio increases for injection, reducing the efficiency of the injection process. When the reservoir pressure has more time to equilibrate, less cushion gas is required. It is shown that cushion gas plays an important role in storage operations and that the tested optimisation strategies impart only minor effects on the production process, however, there is significant need for careful optimisation of the injection process. It is suggested that the recoverable part of the cushion gas could be seen as a strategic gas reserve, which can be produced during an energy crisis. In this scenario, the recoverable cushion gas could be owned by the state, and the upfront costs for gas storage to the operator would be reduced, making the implementation of more gas storage and the onset of hydrogen storage more attractive to investors.

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Pancotto, Verónica, David Holl, Julio Escobar, María Florencia Castagnani i Lars Kutzbach. "Cushion bog plant community responses to passive warming in southern Patagonia". Biogeosciences 18, nr 16 (26.08.2021): 4817–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4817-2021.

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Abstract. Vascular plant-dominated cushion bogs, which are exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere, are highly productive and constitute large sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to their moss-dominated counterparts around the globe. In this study, we experimentally investigated how a cushion bog plant community responded to elevated surface temperature conditions as they are predicted to occur in a future climate. We conducted the study in a cushion bog dominated by Astelia pumila on Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. We installed a year-round passive warming experiment using semicircular plastic walls that raised average near-surface air temperatures by between 0.4 and 0.7 ∘C (at the 3 of the 10 treatment plots which were equipped with temperature sensors). We focused on characterizing differences in morphological cushion plant traits and in carbon dioxide exchange dynamics using chamber gas flux measurements. We used a mechanistic modeling approach to quantify physiological plant traits and to partition the net carbon dioxide flux into its two components of photosynthesis and total ecosystem respiration. We found that A. pumila reduced its photosynthetic activity under elevated temperatures. At the same time, we observed enhanced respiration which we largely attribute, due to the limited effect of our passive warming on soil temperatures, to an increase in autotrophic respiration. Passively warmed A. pumila cushions sequestered between 55 % and 85 % less carbon dioxide than untreated control cushions over the main growing season. Our results suggest that even moderate future warming under the SSP1-2.6 scenario could decrease the carbon sink function of austral cushion bogs.

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Song, Bo, Hongliang Chen, Long Sun, Kunpeng Xu i Xiaoyong Ren. "Improved Method for the Calculation of the Air Film Thickness of an Air Cushion Belt Conveyor". Materials 17, nr 23 (9.12.2024): 6020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236020.

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The air film thickness is an important parameter of an air cushion belt conveyor, which directly affects the compressed air supply power and operating resistance of the system. Therefore, it is important to calculate the bottom thickness of the gas film accurately in the design stage. A calculation method for the thickness of a conveyor air cushion was derived based on the mathematical model of the air cushion flow field for a multi row uniformly distributed air cushion structure. Meanwhile, the algorithm was validated based on a Fluent 3D flow field numerical simulation and experiments. Through verification, it was found that due to the algorithm’s assumption that the increase in the gas flow rate only existed at the axis of the gas hole, there was a sudden change in the calculation results of the gas flow rate at the axis of the gas hole. The sudden change in the gas flow rate had caused the calculation results of the air cushion thickness to experience abrupt and discontinuous changes. Furthermore, the calculation method for air cushion thickness was revised based on the verification results. Compared with the experimental test results, the average error of the calculation results of the algorithm proposed in this paper was 14.27%.

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Prigmore, Sadie, Omolabake Abiodun Okon-Akan, Imuentinyan P. Egharevba, Chukwuma C. Ogbaga, Patrick U. Okoye, Emmanuel Epelle i Jude A. Okolie. "Cushion Gas Consideration for Underground Hydrogen Storage". Encyclopedia 4, nr 2 (14.05.2024): 847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020054.

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Due to the increasing world population and environmental considerations, there has been a tremendous interest in alternative energy sources. Hydrogen plays a major role as an energy carrier due to its environmentally benign nature. The combustion of hydrogen releases water vapor while it also has a vast industrial application in aerospace, pharmaceutical, and metallurgical industries. Although promising, hydrogen faces storage challenges. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) presents a promising method of safely storing hydrogen. The selection of the appropriate cushion gas for UHS is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of the storage system. Cushion gas plays a pivotal role in maintaining the necessary pressure within the storage reservoir, thereby enabling consistent injection and withdrawal rates of hydrogen. One of the key functions of the cushion gas is to act as a buffer, ensuring that the storage pressure remains within the desired range despite fluctuations in hydrogen demand or supply. This is achieved by alternately expanding and compressing the cushion gas during the injection and withdrawal cycles, thereby effectively regulating the overall pressure dynamics within the storage facility. Furthermore, the choice of cushion gas can have significant implications on the performance and long-term stability of the UHS system. Factors such as compatibility with hydrogen, cost-effectiveness, availability, and environmental impact must be carefully considered when selecting the most suitable cushion gas. The present study provides a comprehensive review of different types of cushion gases commonly used in UHS, including nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. By examining the advantages, limitations, and practical considerations associated with each option, the study aims to offer valuable insights into optimizing the performance and reliability of UHS systems. Ultimately, the successful implementation of UHS hinges not only on technological innovation but also on strategic decisions regarding cushion gas selection and management. By addressing these challenges proactively, stakeholders can unlock the full potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier, thereby contributing to the global transition towards a low-carbon future.

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Zhang, Jun An, Hao Dong, Fang Jie Ma i Bo Liu. "Performance Analysis of the Flotation Cushion with Elastic Pressure Equalizing Groove for Aerostatic Slideway". Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (styczeń 2012): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.743.

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In order to improve stiffness of the flotation cushion, a new type of flotation cushion with variable-section pressure equalizing groove of elastic plate for aerostatic slideway was designed. Gas film pressure distribution and load carrying capacity of this flotation cushion was studied through theoretical analysis. The grid was generated by taking advantage of overlapping stitching technique. By using the coupling calculation of the gas lubrication governing equation and elastic deformation of thin plate governing equation, the load carrying capacity and stiffness of the new flotation cushion were obtained. Some experiments were made to verify the result of theoretical calculation. The experimental results show that the stiffness of new flotation cushion is much higher than conventional flotation cushion.This new flotation cushion has a wider application space.

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Fedorov, S. V., i V. M. Vasilyev. "Simulation of an air cushion inverted siphon". Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, nr 2 (2021): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-158-165.

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The article considers the problem of silting-up of sewage inverted siphons. A review of modern methods of hydraulic flushing is presented. To ensure reliable and energy-efficient operation of the inverted siphon, it is proposed to use the air cushion effect. To ensure the stable operation of the structure, a simulation of the inverted siphon installation was performed, consisting of two sections with nodes for receiving runoff from the drop risers, a node that provides water removal and a node for regulating the pressure in the air cushion. As a result of the simulation, there has been obtained the distribution of the volume fraction of the water phase and the gas phase, the pressure distribution in the horizontal and vertical inverted siphon pipelines and the values of the flow velocity during the formation of the air cushion. The use of separation partition walls at the ends of horizontal siphon pipelines allows creating autonomous air cushions and regulating the work for each section separately. The adaptation of the air cushion inverted siphon technology in relation to the main sewer system is considered to be promising.

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Liu, Bin, Xingyuan Huang, Shaoyi Ren i Cheng Luo. "Effect of Pressure Difference between Inner and Outer Gas Layer on Micro-Tube Deformation during Gas-Assisted Extrusion". Polymers 14, nr 17 (29.08.2022): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173559.

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In the process of double-layer gas-assiste extrusion of a plastic micro-tube, the tugging effect caused by the pressure difference of the gas cushion layer inside the die has a great influence on the external dimensions of the micro-tube. Therefore, this study establishes a two-phase extrusion model based on compressible gas and incompressible melt. Ansys Polyflow finite element software was used to numerically simulate the extrusion process of the melt to analyze the effect of the gas cushion layer pressure difference on the micro-tube deformation. The research shows that the shrinkage rate of the micro-tube increases with increasing pressure of the outer cushion layer, and the degree of tube wall migration increases, too. In the process of extrusion, the first normal stress difference at the entrance of the gas cushion layer shows a significant effect on the melt velocity field distribution and the extruded micro-tube cross-sectional deformation.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Cushion gas"

Lekkala, Sudheer R. "Impact of injecting inert cushion gas into a gas storage reservoir". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10335.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 40 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

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Srinivasan, Balaji S. "The impact of reservoir properties on mixing of inert cushion and natural gas in storage reservoirs". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4653.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 88 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-49).

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Igue, Roberto T. "Experimental Investigation of a lift augmented ground effect platform". Wright-Patterson AFB, OH : Air Force Institute of Technology, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA440437.

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Sun, Guo Ke, i 孫國可. "Preliminary dynamic performance test of internal combustion engine with gas-cushioned piston". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84351651140516939136.

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Książki na temat "Cushion gas"

Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd: Application dated 23 November 2007 pursuant to sections 58 and 21 of the National Energy Board Act for the Keystone Cushing Expansion Project. Calgary, AB: The Board, 2008.

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Merrill, Lisa. When Romeo Was a Woman: Charlotte Cushman and Her Circle of Female Spectators. Redaktorzy Jill Dolan, David Román, Jennifer Brody, John Clum, David Drake, Holly Hughes, Peggy Phelan i in. Ann Arbor, USA: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

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Merrill, Lisa. When Romeo Was a Woman: Charlotte Cushman and Her Circle of Female Spectators (Triangulations: Lesbian/Gay/Queer Theater/Drama/Performance). University of Michigan Press, 2000.

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Części książek na temat "Cushion gas"

Steen, Idar Kjetil, i Arild Håkonsen. "Hycast Gas Cushion (GC) Billet Casting System". W Light Metals 2011, 791–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch136.

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Steen, Idar Kjetil, i Arild Håkonsen. "Hycast™ Gas Cushion (GC) Billet Casting System". W Light Metals 2011, 793–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_136.

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Takatani, T., i Y. Kato. "Vibration isolation of gas/water-filled cushion wall barrier". W Environmental Vibrations: Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation (ISEV 2005), 453–59. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003209379-67.

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Sun, Hengchao, Min Liu i Tao Song. "Parallel Tank Satellite Non-isobaric Gas Cushion Propellant Filling Capacity and Center of Mass Design". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 183–91. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2120-7_23.

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De Cock, F., i C. Legrand. "Influence of underground gas cushions on the wave propagation of ground vibrations". W Application of Stress-Wave Theory to Piles, 77–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137544-11.

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San, Saygin, Hatice Karakilcik, Mehmet Karakilcik, Mustafa Erden i Ayhan Atiz. "Investigation of cushion gas/working gas ratios of underground salt caverns for hydrogen storage". W Emerging Trends in Energy Storage Systems and Industrial Applications, 67–78. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90521-3.00003-x.

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Abhishek, Rockey, Karol Dąbrowski, Łukasz Klimkowski, Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, Mohsen Assadi i Prashant Jadhawar. "Opportunities and challenges in aquifer underground natural gas storage with a CO2 cushion". W Challenges and Recent Advances in Sustainable Oil and Gas Recovery and Transportation, 347–69. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99304-3.00005-4.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Reflections". W Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300994.003.0014.

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In this book, I have chronicled eight categories of medicines. As a testament to the changing times, the old European master-apprentice relationship between drug discoverers is a thing of the past. This truth is exemplified by the feud between Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz (see chapter 2). I have no doubt that Waksman sincerely believed that he was the one responsible for the discovery of streptomycin. After all, streptomycin was the fruit of decades of his endeavor with soil microbiology in general and actinomycetes in particular. Schatz happened to be at the right place at the right time. Waksman’s conviction would have been completely acceptable if it had taken place just a century ago. Since the new millennium, vilifying the pharmaceutical industry has become fashionable. One of the crimes that the pharmaceutical industry is accused of committing involves the so-called me-too drugs. Even Merck’s former head of research Ed Scolnick once declared: “We at Merck do not do me-toos, if it is not innovative, we are not interested.” But history is replete with examples in which incremental improvements of a prototype yielded much better drugs. The first ACE inhibitor was teprotide, a peptide with nine amino acids, inspired by a Brazilian snake venom extract. Peptides did not survive in the stomach juice, which broke them down into amino acids. Therefore, the prototype teprotide could be used only by IV injection. With brilliant insight, David Cushman and Miguel Ondetti at Squibb Pharmaceuticals designed and synthesized captopril. Captopril was the first oral ACE inhibitor, which contributed tremendously to the management of hypertension. In theory, captopril is indeed a “me-too” drug to teprotide, but most patients would certainly prefer to take an oral drug than to have injections for the same purpose. Because captopril has a short duration of action, it has to be taken more than once a day. It possessed a trio of shortcomings: bone marrow suppression (due to a decrease in circulating white blood cells), skin rash, and a loss of taste.

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Dølvik, Jon Erik, i Johannes Oldervoll. "Norway". W Welfare and the Great Recession, 210–27. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830962.003.0012.

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In this chapter, Jon Erik Dølvik and Johannes Oldervoll review how recurrent crises since the 1980s have taught Norwegian policymakers to stabilize a crisis-prone petroleum economy through comprehensive macroeconomic policy coordination. While regaining monetary policy autonomy and establishing fiscal policy rules that enable countercyclical use of petroleum revenues, Norway has drawn on reinvigorated wage coordination and welfare state expansion to cushion joblessness and financial hardship in turbulent times. This coordination from the top has been successful in tackling economic volatility but has failed to stem widening wage and wealth gaps during recent years’ affluence and rise in cross-border labour mobility and immigration. Although seemingly robust in the face of periodic shocks, and helping Norway to avert increased financial hardship during the Great Recession, the Norwegian policy regime appears to have lost some of its capacity to balance equity and efficiency.

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Rumutsa, Maxwell Rumutsa, Brenda Nyeverwai Rumutsa i Norman Rumutsa. "Sustainability Issues in Gonimbrasia Belina Supply Chain in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe". W Handbook of Research on Managing the Urban-Rural Divide Through an Inclusive Framework, 246–64. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6258-4.ch014.

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Over the years, agriculture has been the main activity that rural communities in developing countries engage in for their subsistence existential needs. Due to the decline in harvests, people have been forced to look for other alternatives to cushion their livelihoods. Forest resources have proven to be a principal livelihood support that diversifies income with timber and non-timber products as alternatives. The exploitation of natural resources has correspondingly attracted progression in sustainable resource use. While sustainability is being glorified, there is scanty attention on how the mopane worm (Gonimbrasia belina) supply chain can narrow the existing gap between Zimbabwean urban-rural mopane worm-based livelihoods. This chapter, therefore, employs the triple bottom line (TBL) approach to build consciousness on the environmental, economic, and social elements at each stage of the mopane worm supply chain to achieve sustainability and narrow the cleavage between the rural and urban mopane worm-based livelihoods.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Cushion gas"

Kim, Juhyeon, Sunlee Han, Gilyong Sung i Youngsoo Lee. "Underground Gas Storage With CO2 Sequestration in a Depleted Gas Field". W ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54224.

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In this study, simulation research was performed in order to switch producing gas field over to UGS (Underground Gas Storage). Generally, a large amount of cushion gas that is mainly composed of CH4 is required to maintain the enough pressure in the UGS reservoir and it cannot be produced during the UGS operation. If there is an alternative way to mitigate the volume of cushion gas, more cost-effective operation is possible. In this reason, we injected CO2 as a cushion gas and determined optimal number of wells and injection/withdrawal rate without CO2 production. The reservoir opportunity index was used to select the target drilling points. The proper volume of working and cushion gas were obtained respectively in various gas rate case. As a result, injected CO2 can supply additional pressure to the reservoir that more effective UGS operation is possible. And injection rate is a critical factor for the stable working gas injection and production from the economic point of view. Also, a design for a complete CCS system was developed based on the existing off-shore pipeline in combination with new on-shore CO2 transport infrastructure.

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De Moegen, H., i H. Giouse. "Long-Term Study of Cushion Gas Replacement by Inert Gas". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/19754-ms.

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Li, Dexuan, i Hamid Emami-Meybodi. "Hydrogen Mixing Dynamics in Depleted Gas Reservoirs". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220710-ms.

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Abstract Depleted gas reservoirs are suggested as a suitable choice for the sessional storage and utilization of hydrogen (H2) with the presence of surface infrastructure, large storage capacity, and available history data. However, hydrogen mixing with in-situ natural gas and cushion gas leads to contamination and subsequent loss of hydrogen. Hydrodynamic dispersion is an important driving mechanism for gas mixing during cyclic hydrogen injection/withdrawal. Accordingly, we investigate the mixing dynamics of hydrogen, cushion gas, and in-situ gas and their impacts on the recovery factor and purity of back-produced hydrogen. We construct a numerical model based on the finite-element method considering hydrodynamic dispersion. The model is then utilized to examine the mixing dynamics of injected hydrogen under various geological and operational parameters. The results reveal that the amount of injected cushion gas and in-situ significantly influences the purity of produced hydrogen. As the cushion and in-situ gas amount increases, the H2 purity, as well as the H2 recovery factor, decreases in each withdrawal. The hydrodynamic dispersion negatively impacts the produced H2 purity due to the expansion of the mixing region, leading to H2 contamination and a reduced recovery factor. The ultimate hydrogen recovery factor is around 6% lower when hydrodynamic dispersion is considered. However, compared with cushion and in-situ gas amount, the hydrodynamic plays a minor role in the performance of underground hydrogen storage.

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Tang, Kang, Xinwei Liao, Xiaoliang Zhao, Haojie Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Xiaochen Wang i Jiehan LI. "A Numerical Simulation Study of CO2 and N2 as Cushion Gas in an Underground Gas Storage". W SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205756-ms.

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Abstract Underground gas storage (UGS) is a beneficial economic method of compensating for the imbalance between natural gas supply and demand, which is currently considered an important part of the gas chain. To reduce the capital investment of gas storage, the use of alternative gases as cushion gas is a good choice. However, the mixing of different gases in the UGS challenges the application of alternative gases(N2and CO2) as cushion gas. In this paper, we first conduct the thermodynamic analysis of two alternative gases, namely, N2and CO2. The feasibility of these two gases as cushion gas is discussed. Secondly, a gas storage located in Eastern China is selected. Based on the physical properties of the reservoir, a simulation model with coupled diffusion mechanism is conducted. Finally, the effect of molecular diffusion, gas category and ratio on the dynamic operation of UGS is studied. In addition, the CO2storage capacity under different operating parameters was also analyzed. This study provided a scientific basis for the efficient operation of UGS and the geological storage of CO2.

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Wang, G., B. González, A. M. García, M. Chamorro i E. Mackay. "Repurposing Natural Gas Storage Fields for Hydrogen Storage: Design of Cushion Gas". W 84th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202310371.

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Ehrhardt, Jerome, i Iván Piñeiro. "High Contaminant Air Filtration System for US Navy Hovercraft Gas Turbines". W ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-502.

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The Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) is the U.S. Navy’s high speed hovercraft used for amphibious landings. The LCAC uses four Allied Signal TF40B gas turbines for propulsion and air cushion lift, and two Sundstrand T-62 gas turbines for auxiliary power. Because of the craft’s low height at sea, the air cushion pressure and the propeller thrust the LCAC generates a high volume of sea spray, dust and airborne beach sand during its amphibious mission. For what can be considered the most severe environment of any U.S. NAVY gas turbine application, a combustion air system was designed to efficiently remove the airborne contaminants of seawater, salt and sand. This paper discusses the design, developmental testing, fleet experience and improvements for the LCAC gas turbine combustion air inlet system.

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Edwards, Jack J. "Operating Experience of the Jeff (A) in the Arctic". W ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-127.

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During the winter of 1983–84, the JEFF (A), a self-propelled air cushion vehicle owned by the U.S. Navy and leased to RMI, operated under a time charter to Sohio Alaska Petroleum Company in the arctic region contiguous to the Beaufort Sea. The purpose of the JEFF (A) operation was to gather engineering data to expand the data base for arctic-use air cushion vehicle design and to provide additional insight into the relationship between air cushion vehicles and the indigenous logistic network. In the process of the data gathering, the JEFF (A) operated for more than three hundred hours from two distinct operational sites, hauled in excess of 1.8 million pounds of oil field support cargo, and participated in the conduct of three discrete engineering test programs. This paper will cover the operational experience of the JEFF (A) during the period, the modification made to the craft to perform in the arctic environment and the lessons learned from the experience.

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Luo Yulong. "Studies on gas loss of air cushion surge chamber based on gas seepage theory". W 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776019.

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Wang, Gang, Gillian Elizabeth Pickup, Kenneth Stuart Sorbie i Eric James Mackay. "Driving Factors for Purity of Withdrawn Hydrogen: A Numerical Study of Underground Hydrogen Storage with Various Cushion Gases". W SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209625-ms.

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Abstract The central objective of this study is to improve our current understanding of the hydrodynamic processes arising when hydrogen (H2) is stored in subsurface porous media. In this work, we compare the use of two cushion gases, namely carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), for H2storage ina synthetic aquifer. The impacts of viscous instability, gravity segregation, capillary trapping, and CO2 solubility in water on the recovery performance are investigated in detail.In the context of H2 storage, wefocus on both the amount and the purity of the H2that is back produced. A series of very fine-scale numerical simulationswas performed in 2D vertical systems using a fully compositional simulator. A simple three-stage operation strategy (cushion gas injection, H2 injection and H2 production) was designed to trigger the flow behaviour of interest. Based onscaling theory, we analysed the impacts of various mechanisms on the H2 recovery performance, from viscous dominated to gravity dominated flow regimes. Viscous instability and permeability heterogeneity may strongly degrade the purity of the back produced H2. No matter whichgas (CO2 or CH4) is selected as the cushion gas, the less viscous H2 infiltrates the cushion gas, meaning that the displacement does not proceed in a piston-like fashion. In the viscous-dominated scenario, H2 may even bypass the cushion gas of CO2, which subsequently leads to early breakthrough of the cushion gas and thus a dramatic reduction in H2 purity during back production. However, this effect does not arise in the case with CH4 as cushion gas. On the other hand, in the gravity-dominated case, the less dense H2 accumulates above the cushion gas and there is no flow infiltration or bypassing occurring in cases studied here. Therefore, the overall H2recovery performance is much better in the gravity-dominated regime than that in the viscous dominated regime. Finally, we demonstrate that it is important to include the solubility of CO2 when used as cushion gas in aquifer systems. This isbecause CO2 dissolution in water may significantly reduce its gas volume and lead to early water breakthrough during back production.

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Laille, J. P., J. E. Molinard i A. Wents. "Inert Gas Injection as Part of the Cushion of the Underground Storage of Saint-Clair-Sur-Epte, France". W SPE Gas Technology Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17740-ms.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Cushion gas"

Amores, Antonio F., Henrique Basso, Johannes Simeon Bischl, Paola De Agostini, Silvia De Poli, Emanuele Dicarlo, Maria Flevotomou i in. Inflation, fiscal policy and inequality. The distributional impact of fiscal measures to compensate for consumer inflation. Madrid: Banco de España, maj 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36624.

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This paper analyses the distributional impact of high consumer inflation in the euro area and government measures to compensate households in 2022. The study uses the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union (EUROMOD) with microdata as the input – EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) and household budget surveys (HBS) – to quantify the distributional impact of inflation, income support measures and measures aimed at containing prices. The analysis confirms that purchasing power and welfare were more severely affected by the 2022 inflation surge among lower-income households than among higher-income households. Fiscal measures compensated households for about a third of their welfare loss, though with significant differences across countries. At the same time, fiscal measures reduced the inequality gap between lower and higher-income households by around 60%. Most fiscal measures were not particularly well targeted at low-income households, resulting in a higher than necessary fiscal burden to cushion the distributional impact of the inflationary shock.

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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming

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