Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Depression, Mental Depressed persons. Blacks.
Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Depression, Mental Depressed persons. Blacks”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Depression, Mental Depressed persons. Blacks”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Barry, Lisa C., Dorothy Wakefield, David C. Steffens i Yeates Conwell. "DISABILITY IN PRISON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER PRISONERS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2618.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The U.S. prison population is aging; more persons are being incarcerated in the second half of life and are aging “in place.” In the first prospective study to evaluate older prisoners’ mental health (Aging INSIDE), we determined if disability in activities of daily living specific to prison, prison activities of daily living (PADLs), predicts depression in this vulnerable population. To date, 134 older prisoners (age ≥50) sentenced at 9 Connecticut correctional facilities completed in-person interviews (baseline and one-year follow-up). A score of ≥10 on the 9-item Physician Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) indicated depression. Participants were considered to have PADL disability if they reported any of the following as “very difficult” or “cannot do”: climbing on/off the top bunk (34%), cleaning their cell (5%), hearing orders (6%), walking while wearing handcuffs (33%) or shackles (34%), standing in line for medications (4%), and walking to chow (5%). Participants were mean age 57.0±6.6 years (range 50-79 years), racially diverse (43% White, 38% Black, 19% Hispanic/Other), 69 (50%) had PADL disability, and 35 (25%) were depressed at follow-up. Using logistic regression and controlling for gender, number of chronic conditions, lifetime suicide attempt, and baseline depression, baseline PADL disability was associated with depression one year later (OR = 3.41; 95%CI = 1.16, 9.97). As depression is a strong risk factor for subsequent suicide, and given the high rate of suicide among older prisoners in the U.S., these preliminary results indicate that PADL assessment may offer a simple means of identifying older prisoners at risk of depression.
2
Kasen, S., P. Wickramaratne, M. J. Gameroff i M. M. Weissman. "Religiosity and resilience in persons at high risk for major depression". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 3 (17.08.2011): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001516.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundFew studies have examined religiosity as a protective factor using a longitudinal design to predict resilience in persons at high risk for major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodHigh-risk offspring selected for having a depressed parent and control offspring of non-depressed parents were evaluated for psychiatric disorders in childhood/adolescence and at 10-year and 20-year follow-ups. Religious/spiritual importance, services attendance and negative life events (NLEs) were assessed at the 10-year follow-up. Models tested differences in relationships between religiosity/spirituality and subsequent disorders among offspring based on parent depression status, history of prior MDD and level of NLE exposure. Resilience was defined as lower odds for disorders with greater religiosity/spirituality in higher-riskversuslower-risk offspring.ResultsIncreased attendance was associated with significantly reduced odds for mood disorder (by 43%) and any psychiatric disorder (by 53%) in all offspring; however, odds were significantly lower in offspring of non-depressed parents than in offspring of depressed parents. In analyses confined to offspring of depressed parents, those with high and those with average/low NLE exposure were compared: increased attendance was associated with significantly reduced odds for MDD, mood disorder and any psychiatric disorder (by 76, 69 and 64% respectively) and increased importance was associated with significantly reduced odds for mood disorder (by 74%) only in offspring of depressed parents with high NLE exposure. Moreover, those associations differed significantly between offspring of depressed parents with high NLE exposure and offspring of depressed parents with average/low NLE exposure.ConclusionsGreater religiosity may contribute to development of resilience in certain high-risk individuals.
3
Pantzar, A., E. Jonsson Laukka, S. Karlsson, L. Bäckman, A. R. Atti i L. Fratiglioni. "Self-reported depression in an older population: Effects on cognitive functioning". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72378-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionThe cognitive profile of the older depressed person includes impairments in executive functioning, episodic memory and processing speed. When in remission, executive functioning impairment may still remain. It is not known whether these impairments also exist in self-reported depression and if so, whether there are any performance differences between currently and remitted depression.ObjectivesTo examine differences in cognitive functioning between self-reported nondepressed, depressed, and remitted persons in young and older old.MethodsData were collected using interviews and cognitive testing (executive functioning, episodic memory, and processing speed) in the Swedish National study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). All non-demented participants (n = 2727) were categorized according to age (60–77 years, n = 1626, and +78 years, n = 1101), and depression status, 1) never depressed (n = 2200), 2) current depression (n = 214), and 3) remitted depression (n = 313).ResultsA 2 (age) × 3 (depression) MANOVA showed significant main effects of age, depression and a significant interaction effect. Younger outperformed older on all tests. Depression showed an effect on Trail Making Test B, where nondepressed outperformed currently depressed, and the remitted outperformed the currently depressed on free recall. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found for recognition, suggesting that decline in episodic memory is more pronounced in persons with self-reported depression when aging.ConclusionsSelf-reported depression in an older population affects executive functioning and episodic memory, but not processing speed. For persons in remission, we found remaining deficits in episodic memory, rather than executive functioning.
4
Zauszniewski, Jaclene A. "Severity of Depression, Cognitions, and Functioning Among Depressed Inpatients With and Without Coexisting Substance Abuse". Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 1, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107839039500100205.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BACKGROUND: Investigators have proposed that the cognitive-bebavioral patterns of persons with the dual diagnoses of depression and substance abuse differ from those of persons with only one of the disorders. However, researchers have not investi gated these differences. OBJECTIVE: This study examined differences in severity of depression, cognitions, and adaptive functioning among depressed persons with and without coexisting substance abuse. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used to compare depressed adult inpatients with (n = 31) and without (n = 32) coexisting substance abuse. RESULTS: Although both groups were found to be moderately depressed and limited in their functional ability, the dual diagnosis group was more severely depressed (F(1,60) = 4.05; p = .05), more limited in functioning (F(1,60) = 3.52; p = .07), and reported more depressive cognitions (F(1,60) = 7. 72; p =.01). The groups were similar in se verity of depression and adaptive functioning when the effects related to the depres sive cognitions were statistically controlled. CONCLUSION: The findings support the importance of using nursing interventions that involve cognitive restructuring to assist persons with the dual diagnoses of depressive illness and substance abuse to change their maladaptive ways of thinking to more healthy and adaptive thought processes. (JAM PSYCHIATR NURSES Assoc [1995]. 1, 55-60)
5
Kivelä, Sirkka-Liisa, Petteri Viramo i Kimmo Pahkala. "Factors Predicting Chronicity of Depression in Elderly Primary Care Patients". International Psychogeriatrics 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006311.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aim: The aim was to identify the factors predicting and related to chronicity of depression among depressed Finnish elderly subjects. Material and Methods: The study consisted of 97 depressed (DSM-III criteria) elderly (60 years or older) Finns treated in primary health care. The occurrence of depression was assessed after treatment and follow-up periods of about 15 months and 5 years, and the persons were classified according to their recovery: (a) persons depressed in all the three examinations (the chronically depressed) (n = 47), and (b) persons depressed in the first examination, but nondepressed in both follow-up examinations (the recovered) (n = 50). Results: Diurnal variation of symptoms and poor self-appreciation at the baseline and the onset of a severe disease, the deterioration of one's health status, and the death of a family member during the follow-up emerged as independent predictors or associates of the chronic course of depression in the logistic regression model. Conclusions: Depressed elderly subjects who develop a physical disease or whose family member dies during the treatment of depression have a high risk for a chronic course. Intensive antidepressant and psychotherapeutic treatment and adequate physical treatment of these patients are proposed, in order to increase the probability of recovery from depression.
6
Milne, Steven, Keith Matthews i G. W. Ashcroft. "Suicide in Scotland 1988–1989". British Journal of Psychiatry 165, nr 4 (październik 1994): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.4.541.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundThe aim was to identify the amount of psychiatric and physical morbidity identified in suicide victims prior to death.MethodA survey was made of primary care records of Scottish suicide victims in the years 1988 and 1989.ResultsLess morbidity was encountered than in previous studies. Single persons and persons from lower socio-economic groups were less likely to have a diagnosis of depression. No association was found between physical and psychiatric morbidity. Depressed single persons and depressed persons from lower socio-economic groups were less likely to receive antidepressants. GPs prescribed lower dosages of antidepressants than psychiatrists. Patients receiving antidepressants were more likely to die by drug overdose.ConclusionsThere are groups in whom depression may be being overlooked and others in whom depression could be treated more vigorously. There are risks in prescribing antidepressants which are potentially fatal in overdose.
7
Santos, Diego A. H. Ortega dos, i Claudio E. M. Banzato. "The depressed text". Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 24, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-4714.2021v24n1p188.10.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
North American writer David Foster Wallace wrote two short stories - The Planet Trillaphon As It Stands In Relation To The Bad Thing and The Depressed Person - that depict depression, in each one taking different yet complementary perspectives on this subject. Our aim is to analyze these texts and to discuss the role literature can have in regard to the apprehension of subjective experiences of others. Whereas the first text attempts to describe depression objectively, the second one describes the impossibility of doing so, focusing on literary techniques that create distressing subjective experiences in the reader, possibly resembling those felt by depressed persons. We suggest that literature might be helpful to comprehend some aspects of the experience of being depressed and that such an understanding may enrich psychiatric practice.
8
Ben-Arie, O., L. Swartz i B. J. Dickman. "Depression in the Elderly Living in the Community". British Journal of Psychiatry 150, nr 2 (luty 1987): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.2.169.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A prevalence of depression of 13% was found among 139 coloured persons aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Cape Town, which accords with figures elsewhere. A high rate of hypochondriasis was found, but there was a low rate of suicidal intent, which could be explained by good social support. Observed depression and a depressed mood occurred in almost all depressed patients; as defined in the Present State Examination, these items appear to be an excellent screen for depression.
9
Wassink-Vossen, Sanne, Rose M. Collard, Klaas J. Wardenaar, Peter F. M. Verhaak, Didi Rhebergen, Paul Naarding i Richard C. Oude Voshaar. "Trajectories and determinants of functional limitations in late-life depression: A 2-year prospective cohort study". European Psychiatry 62 (październik 2019): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.09.003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background: In mental health research, functional recovery is increasingly valued as an important outcome in addition to symptomatic remission. Methods: Course types of functional limitations among depressed older patients and its relation with symptomatic remission were explored in a naturalistic cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons). 378 depressed older patients (≥60 years) and 132 non-depressed persons were included. Depressive disorders were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview at baseline and two-year follow-up. Functional limitations were assessed every 6 months with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment II. Results: Depressed patients had more functional limitations compared to their non-depressed counterparts. Growth Mixture Modeling among depressed patients identified two trajectories of functional limitations, both starting at a high disability level. The largest subgroup (81.2%) was characterized by a course of high disability levels over time. The smaller subgroup (18.8%) had an improving course (functional recovery). After two years, the main predictor of functional recovery was the remission of depression. Among symptomatic remitted patients, female sex, higher level of education, higher gait speed, and less severe depression were associated with no functional recovery. Non-remitted patients without functional recovery were characterized by the presence of more chronic somatic diseases, a lower sense of mastery, and a higher level of anxiety. Conclusions: 1 in 5 depressed older patients have a course with functional recovery. Combining functional and symptomatic recovery points to a subgroup of older patients that might profit from more rigorous psychiatric treatment targeted at psychiatric comorbidity and a group of frail depressed older patients that might profit from integrated geriatric rehabilitation.
10
Wyman, Mary F., Erin M. Jonaitis, Earlise C. Ward, Megan Zuelsdorff i Carey E. Gleason. "Depressive role impairment and subthreshold depression in older black and white women: race differences in the clinical significance criterion". International Psychogeriatrics 32, nr 3 (28.08.2019): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219001133.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTObjectives:We examined race differences in the DSM-IV clinical significance criterion (CSC), an indicator of depressive role impairment, and its impact on assessment outcomes in older white and black women with diagnosed and subthreshold depression.Design:We conducted a secondary analysis of a community-based interview study, using group comparisons and logistic regression.Setting:Lower-income neighborhoods in a Midwestern city.Participants:411 community-dwelling depressed and non-depressed women ≥ 65 years (45.3% Black; mean age = 75.2, SD = 7.2) recruited through census tract-based telephone screening.Measurements:SCID interview for DSM-IV to assess major depression and dysthymia; Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale to define subthreshold depression (≥16 points); Mini-Mental State Examination, count of medical conditions, activities of daily living, and mental health treatment to assess health factors.Results:Black participants were less likely than Whites to endorse the CSC (11.8% vs. 24.1%; p = .002). There were few race differences in depressive symptom type, severity, or count. Blacks with subthreshold depression endorsed more symptoms, though this comparison was not significant after adjustments. Health factors did not account for race differences in CSC endorsement. Disregarding the CSC-eliminated differences in diagnosis rate, race was a significant predictor of CSC endorsement in a logistic regression.Conclusions:Race differences in CSC endorsement are not due to depressive symptom presentations or health factors. The use of the CSC may lead to underdiagnosis of depression among black older adults. Subthreshold depression among Blacks may be more severe compared to Whites, thus requiring tailored assessment and treatment approaches.
11
Husaini, Baqar, Robert Levine, Linda Sharp, Van Cain, Meggan Novotny, Pamela Hull, Gail Orum, Zahid Samad, Uchechukwu Sampson i Majaz Moonis. "Depression Increases Stroke Hospitalization Cost: An Analysis of 17,010 Stroke Patients in 2008 by Race and Gender". Stroke Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/846732.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objective. This analysis focuses on the effect of depression on the cost of hospitalization of stroke patients.Methods. Data on 17,010 stroke patients (primary diagnosis) were extracted from 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. Three groups of patients were compared: (1) stroke only (SO,n=7,850), (2) stroke + depression (S+D,n=3,965), and (3) stroke + other mental health diagnoses (S+M,n=5,195).Results. Of all adult patients, 4.3% were diagnosed with stroke. Stroke was more prevalent among blacks than whites (4.5% versus 4.2%,P<0.001) and among males than females (5.1% versus 3.7%,P<0.001). Nearly one-quarter of stroke patients (23.3%) were diagnosed with depression/anxiety. Hospital stroke cost was higher among depressed stroke patients (S+D) compared to stroke only (SO) patients ($77,864 versus $47,790,P<0.001), and amongS+D, cost was higher for black males compared to white depressed males ($97,196 versus $88,115,P<0.001). Similar racial trends in cost emerged amongS+Dfemales.Conclusion. Depression in stroke patients is associated with increased hospitalization costs. Higher stroke cost among blacks may reflect the impact of comorbidities and the delay in care of serious health conditions. Attention to early detection of depression in stroke patients might reduce inpatient healthcare costs.
12
Bogers, Ista C. H. M., Marij Zuidersma, Marjolein L. Boshuisen, Hannie C. Comijs i Richard C. Oude Voshaar. "Determinants of thoughts of death or suicide in depressed older persons". International Psychogeriatrics 25, nr 11 (9.08.2013): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213001166.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTBackground:In depressed persons, thoughts of death and suicide are assumed to represent different degrees of a construct: suicidality. However, this can be questioned in older persons facing physical and social losses. Thoughts of death in depressed older persons are hardly examined in the absence of suicidal ideation. Furthermore, most depression instruments do not discriminate suicidal ideation from thoughts of death only. We examined whether determinants of thoughts of death differ from determinants of suicidal ideation in late life depression.Methods:Past month's thoughts of death and suicidal ideation were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in 378 depressed older persons (>60 years of age). Multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and depression severity were used to identify socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical and somatic determinants of past month's thoughts of death, and suicidal ideation.Results:Compared with patients without thoughts of death or suicide (n = 267), patients reporting thoughts of death but no suicidal ideation (n = 74) were older (OR (95% confidence interval) = 1.04 (1.00–1.08)) and more severely depressed (OR = 1.06 (1.04–1.08)), whereas patients with suicidal ideation (n = 37) were also more severely depressed (OR = 1.09 (1.06–1.13)), but not older. This latter group was further characterized by more psychiatric comorbidity (dysthymia OR = 2.28 (1.08–4.85)), panic disorder (OR = 2.27 (1.00–518)), at-risk alcohol use (OR = 4.10 (1.42–11.90)), lifetime suicide attempts (OR = 3.37 (1.46–7.75)), loneliness (OR = 1.24 (1.07–1.43)), and recent life events (OR = 3.14 (1.48–6.67)).Conclusions:In depressed older persons thoughts of death and suicide differ in relevant demographic, social, and clinical characteristics, suggesting that the risks and consequences of the two conditions differ.
13
Shub, Denis, David M. Bass, Robert O. Morgan, Katherine S. Judge, A. Lynn Snow, Nancy L. Wilson, Annette Walder, Brian Murry i Mark E. Kunik. "Irritability and Social Isolation in Dementia Patients With and Without Depression". Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 24, nr 4 (grudzień 2011): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988711427039.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study examined the prevalence of irritability and social isolation in veterans with dementia, with and without depression. Participants were diagnosed with dementia and enrolled in a dementia care-coordination and support-service intervention. Participants were interviewed and underwent assessment with the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, a Patient Strain Measure and the Short Blessed Test. In all, of 294 participants completing interviews, 77 (26.2%) were depressed and 107 (36.4%) endorsed irritability; mean social isolation score was 1.59 ± 1.96. Irritability was significantly more likely to be present in depressed versus nondepressed participants ( P < .0001), but this relationship was moderated by dementia severity. The mean social isolation score was also significantly more elevated in depressed rather than nondepressed patients (2.82 ± 1.96 vs 1.15 ± 1.76, respectively). Conclusions: Depressed persons with dementia are significantly more likely to experience irritability and social isolation than those who are not depressed.
14
Vollmann, Manja, Margreet Scharloo, Christel Salewski, Alexander Dienst, Klaus Schonauer i Britta Renner. "Illness representations of depression and perceptions of the helpfulness of social support: Comparing depressed and never-depressed persons". Journal of Affective Disorders 125, nr 1-3 (wrzesień 2010): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.075.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
Herwig, U., A. B. Brühl, T. Kaffenberger, T. Baumgartner, H. Boeker i L. Jäncke. "Neural correlates of ‘pessimistic’ attitude in depression". Psychological Medicine 40, nr 5 (7.09.2009): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991073.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundPreparing for potentially threatening events in the future is essential for survival. Anticipating the future to be unpleasant is also a cognitive key feature of depression. We hypothesized that ‘pessimism’-related emotion processing would characterize brain activity in major depression.MethodDuring functional magnetic resonance imaging, depressed patients and a healthy control group were cued to expect and then perceive pictures of known emotional valences – pleasant, unpleasant and neutral – and stimuli of unknown valence that could have been either pleasant or unpleasant. Brain activation associated with the ‘unknown’ expectation was compared with the ‘known’ expectation conditions.ResultsWhile anticipating pictures of unknown valence, activation patterns in depressed patients within the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal areas, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and medial thalamus were similar to activations associated with expecting unpleasant pictures, but not with expecting positive pictures. The activity within a majority of these areas correlated with the depression scores. Differences between healthy and depressed persons were found particularly for medial and dorsolateral prefrontal and insular activations.ConclusionsBrain activation in depression during expecting events of unknown emotional valence was comparable with activation while expecting certainly negative, but not positive events. This neurobiological finding is consistent with cognitive models supposing that depressed patients develop a ‘pessimistic’ attitude towards events with an unknown emotional meaning. Thereby, particularly the role of brain areas associated with the processing of cognitive and executive control and of the internal state is emphasized in contributing to major depression.
16
CURRIE, SHAWN R., i JIANLI WANG. "More data on major depression as an antecedent risk factor for first onset of chronic back pain". Psychological Medicine 35, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705004952.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. Few epidemiological studies have examined the temporal relationship between chronic pain and depression using longitudinal data. In the present study, we examined major depression as both an antecedent risk factor and consequence of chronic back pain (CBP) in the general population.Method. Data on 9909 pain-free individuals 15 years and older with no history of back problems were drawn from cycle 1 of the National Population Health Survey and followed up 24 months later. Major depression was assessed using a structured diagnostic interview.Results. At cycle 2, the rate of new cases of CBP in persons who were depressed at cycle 1 was 3·6% compared to 1·1% in non-depressed persons. Compared to pain-free individuals, new cases of CBP were more likely to perceive their health status as poor or fair at cycle 1, were less likely to be working, reported more chronic health problems, and sustained a back or neck injury in the preceding 12 months. After controlling for other factors, pain-free individuals diagnosed as major depressed at cycle 1 were almost three times more likely (OR 2·9, 95% CI 1·2–7·0) to develop CBP at cycle 2.Conclusions. Consistent with other longitudinal studies major depression increases the risk of developing future chronic pain. The causal mechanism linking these conditions is unknown however depression may represent a modifiable risk factor in the development of CBP.
17
Sibley, Alexandra A., Srijana Shrestha, Martha Lipovac-Dew i Mark E. Kunik. "Examining Depression Symptoms With/Without Coexisting Anxiety Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Persons With Dementia". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 36 (1.01.2021): 153331752199026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317521990267.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Depression and anxiety are common in persons with dementia (PWD) and associated with poor outcomes. We explored frequency, pharmacologic management and mental health service use in PWD and depression symptoms with/without coexisting anxiety symptoms. The sample comprised 160 community-dwelling PWD in a trial to prevent development of aggression. Baseline data on depression and anxiety symptoms, psychotropic medications and mental health service use were examined. Regarding participants, 65 (41%) lacked clinically significant depression or anxiety symptoms, 45 (28%) had depression symptoms, 43 (27%) had depression and anxiety symptoms, and 7 (4%) had anxiety symptoms. Comorbid anxiety was associated with more severe depression symptoms. One third with depression symptoms and one half with depression and anxiety symptoms were taking an antidepressant. Mental health service use was very low, regardless of depression symptom severity or coexisting anxiety. Research needs to evaluate therapies for depressed PWD, but treatment of those with comorbid anxiety and depression is more urgent. Clinical Trial Registration for Parent Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02380703)
18
Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Roland Nnaemeka Okoro i Adamu Zimboh. "The prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria". Journal of Public Mental Health 19, nr 2 (31.10.2019): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2019-0071.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Maiduguri. Design/methodology/approach The study was a cross-sectional study that took place among the six IDP camps located in Maiduguri metropolis in Borno State. A non-randomized technique was used to sample 1,200 respondents. Face-to-face interviews with selected members of households were carried out confidentially. The study used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Impact of Event Scale-6 which were translated to Kanuri. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using SPSS version 21. Findings The response rate was 100 percent. In total, 96.1 percent (1,153) of the respondents were depressed, while 78 percent (936) of the respondents were symptomatic for PTSD. The prevalence rate of comorbid PTSD with depression was 68.1 percent (817). About one-third of the respondents had moderately severe depression (29.6 percent, n=355) while about one in ten of them were severely depressed (11.3 percent, n=136). The odds of being depressed was 3.308 higher in people aged 51–60 years compared to people between 18 and 20 years. Significant predictors of depression in the sampled population were screening positive for PTSD and being unemployed. Practical implications The high prevalence of depression and PTSD among the sampled population calls for structured interventions to deal with mental health problems. The study findings suggest the need for more research (preferably qualitative) on the mental health issues in this population. Originality/value This study contributes to the sparse available literature on the mental health of IDPs in Nigeria.
19
Werner, Perla, Ifat Stein-Shvachman i Jeremia Heinik. "Perceptions of self-stigma and its correlates among older adults with depression: a preliminary study". International Psychogeriatrics 21, nr 6 (9.07.2009): 1180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990470.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTBackground: Depression is common in old age and is often associated with stigma. However, to date, little is known about self-stigma (internalization of stigmatic beliefs) in depressed older people despite its importance and consequences. The aim of this study was to examine self-stigma and its correlates in depressed older people.Methods: Phone interviews were conducted with 54 persons diagnosed with major depression (78% female, average age = 74) from a psychogeriatric clinic in the central area of Israel. Self-stigma was assessed using an adapted version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Health (ISMI) scale. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Self-esteem was measured using Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale. Information regarding sociodemographic and psychiatric health characteristics was also collected.Results: Self-stigma was relatively moderate with 10% to 20% of the participants reporting self-stigma. Those who reported higher levels of self-stigma were younger than those who did not report it. Income and education were lower in persons who reported high levels of stigmatization. Persons who reported stigmatization scored higher on the GDS and reported lower self-esteem than those without stigmatization.Conclusions: This study represents an effort to examine the correlates of self-stigma in depressed older people. Since self-stigma exists among older adults, further studies are required to extend this body of knowledge.
20
Pantzar, A., E. J. Laukka, A. R. Atti, J. Fastbom, L. Fratiglioni i L. Bäckman. "Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression: a population-based study". Psychological Medicine 44, nr 5 (10.07.2013): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001736.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundThere is substantial variability in the degree of cognitive impairment among older depressed persons. Inconsistencies in previous findings may be due to differences in clinical and demographic characteristics across study samples. We assessed the influence of unipolar depression and severity of depression on cognitive performance in a population-based sample of elderly persons aged ⩾60 years.MethodEighty-nine persons fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression (mild, n = 48; moderate, n = 38; severe, n = 3) after thorough screening for dementia (DSM-IV criteria), psychiatric co-morbidities and antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Participants (n = 2486) were administered an extensive cognitive test battery.ResultsModerate/severe unipolar depression was associated with poorer performance on tasks assessing processing speed, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, episodic memory and vocabulary. Mild depression was associated with poorer performance in processing speed, and few differences between mild and moderate/severe depression were observed. No association between depression and short-term memory, general knowledge or spatial ability was observed. Increasing age did not exacerbate the depression-related cognitive deficits, and the deficits remained largely unchanged after excluding persons in a preclinical phase of dementia. Furthermore, depression-related cognitive deficits were not associated with other pharmacological treatments that may affect cognitive performance.ConclusionsCognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression involve a range of domains and the cognitive deficits seem to follow the spectrum of depression severity. The finding that mild depression was also associated with poorer cognitive functioning underscores the importance of detecting mild depression in elderly persons.
21
Hendricks, Jon, i Howard B. Turner. "Social Dimensions of Mental Illness among Rural Elderly Populations". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 26, nr 3 (kwiecień 1988): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/revp-59g8-3u2u-q2b0.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite growing concern with rural elderly populations, little attention has focused on their mental health, ways it may correlate with physical health, or how rural mental health patterns compare to urban. Popular wisdom contends that elderly people in general, and rural elderly persons in particular, are at increased risk for mental illness. This article examines these questions. A review of available literature suggests that elderly people may be at only slightly greater risk of mental illness than the population at large, though there are some indications that rates of depression may be somewhat higher among the elderly population. Much of this same literature implies that objective environmental conditions play a significant role in the incidence of depression. Analysis of data gathered in a statewide random poll ( N = 743) indicates that while physical health tends to be poorer among rural populations, when health is held constant there is actually an inverse relationship between age and depression. Therefore, rural elderly persons are no more likely to be depressed than their urban counterparts despite harsher living conditions. Both conceptual and policy implications are discussed.
22
Stjernswärd, Sigrid, i Margareta Östman. "Depression, e-health and family support. What the Internet offers the relatives of depressed persons". Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 61, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039480601121967.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Kleinberg, A., A. Aluoja i V. Vasar. "Social support in depression: structural and functional factors, perceived control and help-seeking". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, nr 4 (24.09.2013): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796013000504.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aims.This study examined the associations of social support, loneliness and locus of control with depression and help-seeking in persons with major depression.Methods.Twelve-month help-seeking for emotional problems was assessed in a cross-sectional 2006 Estonian Health Survey. Non-institutionalized individuals aged 18–84 years (n = 6105) were interviewed. A major depressive episode was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Factors describing social support, social and emotional loneliness and locus of control were assessed, and their associations with depression were analysed. The associations with reported help-seeking behaviour among people identified as having a major depressive episode (n = 343) were explored.Results.Low frequency of contacts with one's friends and parents, emotional loneliness, external locus of control and emotional dissatisfaction with couple relations were significant factors predicting depression in the multivariate model. External locus of control was associated with help-seeking in the depressed sample. Interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and frequency of contacts with parents significantly predicted help-seeking in the depressed sample.Conclusions.Depression is associated with structural and functional factors of social support and locus of control. Help-seeking of depressed persons depends on locus of control, interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and contacts with the parental family.
24
Halman, Mark. "Management of Depression and Related Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Associated with HIV/AIDS and Antiretroviral Therapy". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, suppl c (2001): 9C—19C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/821810.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Persons with HIV/AIDS may experience a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, suicidal ideation, agitation and insomnia. These symptoms may be related to psychosocial stressors, biological diathesis to psychiatric syndromes, HIV-related medical illness and/or the medications used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Depressed mood is the most common neuropsychiatric complaint in persons with HIV/AIDS seeking psychiatric evaluation. Prevalence rates of major depression in persons with HIV/AIDS have been reported to range between 22% and 45%. Despite the high prevalence, major depression remains underdiagnosed in patients with HIV/AIDS. Depression has a significant impact on quality of life, has a negative impact on antiretroviral adherence and is a significant risk factor for suicide. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS has evolved into a chronic, manageable illness. The management of mental health concerns and neuropsychiatric symptoms has, therefore, become an integral part of comprehensive HIV/AIDS care. Clinical experience to date suggests that psychiatric syndromes in persons with HIV/AIDS and treatment-emergent neuropsychiatric side effects related to antiretroviral medications can be successfully managed using standard psychiatric interventions. The present article focuses on the treatment and management of major depression, including the choice of antidepressants and potential drug interaction considerations. Management of related symptoms of agitation and sleep disturbances are also reviewed.
25
Holm, Anne Lise, Anne Lyberg, Ingela Berggren, Sture Åström i Elisabeth Severinsson. "Going around in a Circle: A Norwegian Study of Suicidal Experiences in Old Age". Nursing Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/734635.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Depression has repeatedly been found to be a risk factor for completed suicide, particularly when coupled with a pervasive sense of hopelessness. The aim of this study was to evaluate depressed older persons’ suicidal experiences. Data were collected by means of individual in-depth interviews with nine informants living in two districts of Norway. A hermeneutic analysis was performed. One main theme: Going around in a circle and two themes: being alone without meaning in life and struggling to achieve reconciliation emerged from the analysis. An important implication for mental healthcare practice is the need to develop a person’s ability to shape and take control of her/his life. The healthcare organisation must be committed to a plan that sets out strategies enabling suicidal individuals to avoid the negative experience of meaninglessness. It was concluded that suicidal depressed elderly persons need help to escape from their desperate situation. More research is urgently required in order to prevent suicide in depressed elderly persons whose emotional pain is unbearable.
26
Seel, Ronald T., Stephen Macciocchi, Jeffrey S. Kreutzer, Darryl Kaelin i Douglas I. Katz. "Diagnosing Major Depression Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury—Evidence-based Recommendations for Clinicians". US Neurology 06, nr 02 (2010): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2010.06.02.41.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
While major depression (MD) is the most common psychiatric disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI), diagnosing MD can be challenging due to cognitive, emotional, and somatic symptoms that overlap with TBI and other psychiatric disorders. Current evidence suggests that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) works well in the TBI population. The presence of ‘organic’ TBI sequelae that overlap with DSM-IV MD criteria do not appear to lead to false-positive MD diagnoses. Rumination, self-criticism, and guilt may best differentiate depressed from non-depressed persons following TBI. Anxiety, aggression, sleep problems, alcohol use, lower income levels, poor social functioning, and negative thinking are primary risk factors for the development of MD following TBI. Current evidence suggests that the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is the best self-report scale option for depression screening after TBI. Apathy, anxiety, dysregulation, and emotional lability require careful clinical consideration when making a differential diagnosis of MD in persons with TBI. Research indicates that asking specific questions about depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, and psychosocial functioning yields the most accurate diagnosis. Practical recommendations are provided on how clinicians can improve MD diagnostic accuracy.
27
Seel, Ronald T., Stephen Macciocchi, Jeffrey S. Kreutzer, Darryl Kaelin i Douglas I. Katz. "Diagnosing Major Depression Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury – Evidence-based Recommendations for Clinicians". European Neurological Review 6, nr 1 (2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.01.24.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
While major depression (MD) is the most common psychiatric disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI), diagnosing MD can be challenging due to cognitive, emotional and somatic symptoms that overlap with TBI and other psychiatric disorders. Current evidence suggests that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) works well in the TBI population. The presence of ‘organic’ TBI sequelae that overlap with DSM-IV MD criteria do not appear to lead to false-positive MD diagnoses. Rumination, self-criticism and guilt may best differentiate depressed from non-depressed persons following TBI. Anxiety, aggression, sleep problems, alcohol use, lower income levels, poor social functioning and negative thinking are primary risk factors for the development of MD following TBI. Current evidence suggests that the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is the best self-report scale option for depression screening after TBI. Apathy, anxiety, dysregulation and emotional lability require careful clinical consideration when making a differential diagnosis of MD in persons with TBI. Research indicates that asking specific questions about depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure and psychosocial functioning yields the most accurate diagnosis. Practical recommendations are provided on how clinicians can improve MD diagnostic accuracy.
28
Hudson, Anna R., Corinne Orlemann, Tine Van Tricht, Marcel Brass i Sven C. Mueller. "Depression, trauma and mentalizing: No influence of depressive symptoms on spontaneous theory of mind in a subclinical sample". International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, nr 5 (20.04.2020): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020914918.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Depressive symptoms are associated with impaired social functioning, arguably because of reduced mentalizing abilities. However, findings in persons with depressive symptoms and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) are presently mixed, finding evidence both for and against the hypothesis of reduced mentalizing abilities. Aims: This study investigated spontaneous cognitive mentalizing in 36 age-, sex- and education-matched students with depressive symptoms and 45 comparisons with minimal depressive symptoms. Method: To assess spontaneous mentalizing, we used the implicit theory of mind (ToM) task, which looks specifically at spontaneous computation of false belief. Results: Bayesian analysis did not support the hypothesis of impaired mentalizing; in fact, it suggested that the results were 3.90 times more likely to have occurred under the null hypothesis. Results remained stable when comparing depressed and non-depressed individuals without maltreatment exposure but were inconclusive in the maltreatment-exposed groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest no effect of spontaneous mentalizing in a high-functioning depressed sample. Moreover, the findings also emphasize the need to control for childhood maltreatment experiences in future ToM and social functioning research, as these may constitute subgroups within depressed samples. Tailored therapy for maltreated depression individuals may be beneficial.
29
JORM, A. F., K. M. GRIFFITHS, H. CHRISTENSEN, A. E. KORTEN, R. A. PARSLOW i B. RODGERS. "Providing information about the effectiveness of treatment options to depressed people in the community: a randomized controlled trial of effects on mental health literacy, help-seeking and symptoms". Psychological Medicine 33, nr 6 (31.07.2003): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008079.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. Many people who are depressed do not receive any professional help and their beliefs about the helpfulness of treatment do not always correspond with those of health professionals. To facilitate choices about treatment, the present study examined the effects of providing depressed people in the community with evidence on whether various treatment options work.Method. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 1094 persons selected at random from the community who screened positive for depressive symptoms and agreed to participate. Participants were mailed either an evidence-based consumer guide to treatments for depression or, as a control, a general brochure on depression. Outcomes were the rated usefulness of the information provided, changes in attitudes to depression treatments, actions taken to reduce depression, and changes in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and disability.Results. Participants rated the evidence-based consumer guide as more useful than the control brochure. Attitudes to some treatments changed. Improvements in symptoms and disability did not differ significantly between interventions.Conclusion. Providing people who are depressed with evidence on which treatments work produces some changes in attitudes and behaviour. However, this intervention may need to be enhanced if it is to produce symptom change.
30
Stringer, Barbara, Berno van Meijel, Merijn Eikelenboom, Bauke Koekkoek, Peter F. M. Verhaak, Ad J. M. F. Kerkhof, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx i Aartjan T. F. Beekman. "Perceived Need for Care and Health Care Utilization Among Depressed and Anxious Patients With and Without Suicidal Ideation". Crisis 34, nr 3 (1.05.2013): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000182.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Information is scarce concerning the perceived needs and the amount of health-care utilization of persons with suicidal ideation (SI) compared to those without SI. Aims: To describe the needs and health care use of persons with and without SI and to investigate whether these differences are associated with the severity of the axis-I symptomatology. Method: Data were obtained from 1,699 respondents with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder who participated in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Persons with and without SI were distinguished. Outcome variables were perceived needs and health-care utilization. We used multivariate regression in two models: (1) adjusted only for sociodemographic variables and (2) adjusted additionally for severity of axis-I symptomatology. Results: Persons with SI had higher odds for both unmet and met needs in almost all domains and made more intensive use of mental-health care. Differences in needs and health-care utilization of persons with and without SI were strongly associated with severity of axis I symptomatology. Conclusions: Our results validate previous findings about perceived needs and health-care use of persons with SI. The results also suggest that suicidal persons are more seriously ill, and that they need more professional care, dedication, and specialized expertise than anxious and depressed persons without SI, especially in the domains of information and referral.
31
Pahkala, Kimmo, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä i Pekka Laippala. "Relationships Between Social and Health Factors and Depression in Old Age in a Multivariate Analysis". International Psychogeriatrics 5, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029300136x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This community-based epidemiological survey concerns relationships between social and health factors and depression in a Finnish population aged 60 years or over. A multivariate analysis based on log-liner models is used in this study.The log-linear model showed five interactions for the depressed men and eight for the depressed women surveyed. These indicated that the depressive persons had experienced detrimental events either of an interpersonal nature or concerning health status more often than those who were not depressed. A positive connection between life stress and depression was found even though no cause-and-effect relationship could be defined. Social stress factors seemed somewhat important prior to the onset of depression in the women studied, whereas stressful health factors played a significant role for the men. Despite this, the log-linear models for the selected variables used here did not point to a combination of interactions between a high incidence of current social stress factors and a high incidence of stressful health factors during the six-month period prior to the onset of depression.
32
GEERLINGS, S. W., A. T. F. BEEKMAN, D. J. H. DEEG, J. W. R. TWISK i W. VAN TILBURG. "The longitudinal effect of depression on functional limitations and disability in older adults: an eight-wave prospective community-based study". Psychological Medicine 31, nr 8 (listopad 2001): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004639.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. The temporal relationship between depression and adverse functional outcomes in older adults is ambiguous. In the present eight-wave prospective community-based study, the longitudinal effect of depression on functional limitations and disability (in terms of disability days and bed days) was studied, thereby taking into account the role of chronic physical diseases.Methods. The study is based on a sample which at the outset consisted of 325 non-depressed and 327 depressed persons (55–85 years) drawn from a larger random community based sample in the Netherlands. Generalized estimating equations time-lag models were used to examine the longitudinal relation between depression and both functional limitations and disability.Results. Functional limitations were very persistent over time, whereas disability days and bed days were more fluctuating functional outcomes. Only in the presence of chronic physical diseases, there was a significant longitudinal association between depression at the previous measurement and functional limitations, disability days and bed days at the next measurement. The effect on functional limitations was small, which was probably partly due to their persistent nature.Conclusions. The finding of a longitudinal relationship between depression and functional outcomes in older adults with a compromised health status provides a rationale for treatment of chronic physical diseases as well as depression in depressed chronically ill elderly, in order to prevent a spiralling decline in psychological and physical health.
33
Birnbaum, H., R. Kessler, V. Joish, D. Kelley, R. Ben-Hamadi, M. Hsieh i P. Greenberg. "Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs of Mild, Moderate, and Severe Depression in the Workforce in the United States". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70847-8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objective:Document the healthcare resource utilization and costs by severity for persons in the workforce with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:Using the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication data, workforce respondents (n=4,465) were categorized by clinical severity (not clinically depressed, mild, moderate, severe) using standard scales (CIDI/QIDS-SR). Outcomes measured over 12 months included prevalence of medical services/antidepressant use, average number of visits and days on antidepressants, prevalence of treatment adequacy, and medical/drug costs. Costs represent insurer payments to providers and were estimated by weighting utilization measures by unit costs obtained for similar services used by depressed patients in a U.S. employer claims database for the corresponding period (2000-2001). Outcomes were compared across depression severity groups using multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics.Results:Among the 539 depressed workforce respondents, 13.8% were mildly, 38.5% moderately and 47.7% severely depressed. A significant association existed between severity and prevalence of mental health services usage (19.1%, 27.2%, and 40.3% respectively, p< 0.01) and average number of mental health practitioner visits. The use of antidepressants increased with depression severity (21.1%, 27.3%, and 39.5% respectively, p< 0.01). Similarly, the adequacy of mental health services increased with depression severity (6.2%, 11.8%, and 21.3% respectively, p< 0.05). Average 12-month costs per MDD patient were substantially higher for severe vs. mild (mental health services: $697 vs. $388; general medical services: $138 vs. $53; anti-depressant usage $256 vs. $88).Conclusions:Among workforce respondents, there was a significant association between depression severity and treatment usage and costs, and between treatment adequacy and severity.
34
van der Weele, Gerda M., Roos de Jong, Margot W. M. de Waal, Philip Spinhoven, Herman A. H. Rooze, Ria Reis, Willem J. J. Assendelft, Jacobijn Gussekloo i Roos C. van der Mast. "Response to an unsolicited intervention offer to persons aged ≥ 75 years after screening positive for depressive symptoms: a qualitative study". International Psychogeriatrics 24, nr 2 (16.08.2011): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211001530.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTBackground: Screening can increase detection of clinically relevant depressive symptoms, but screen-positive persons are not necessarily willing to accept a subsequent unsolicited treatment offer. Our objective was to explore limiting and motivating factors in accepting an offer to join a “coping with depression” course, and perceived needs among persons aged ≥75 years who screened positive for depressive symptoms in general practice.Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, in which 101 persons who had screened positive for depressive symptoms were offered a “coping with depression” course, a sample of 23 persons were interviewed, of whom five (22%) accepted the treatment offer. Interview transcripts were coded independently by two researchers.Results: All five individuals who accepted a place on the course felt depressed and/or lonely and had positive expectations about the course. The main reasons for declining to join the course were: not feeling depressed, or having negative thoughts about the course effect, concerns about group participation, or about being too old to change and learn new things. Although perceived needs to relieve depressive symptoms largely matched the elements of the course, most of those who had been screened were not (yet) prepared to accept an intervention offer. Many expressed the need to discuss this treatment decision with their general practitioner.Conclusions: Although the unsolicited treatment offer closely matched the perceived needs of people screening positive for depressive symptoms, only those who combined feelings of being depressed or lonely with positive expectations about the offered course accepted it. Treatment should perhaps be more individually tailored to the patient's motivational stage towards change, a process in which general practitioners can play an important role.
35
Schutter, N., L. Koorevaar, T. J. Holwerda, M. L. Stek, J. Dekker i H. C. Comijs. "‘Big Five’ personality characteristics are associated with loneliness but not with social network size in older adults, irrespective of depression". International Psychogeriatrics 32, nr 1 (10.04.2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219000231.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTObjective:Loneliness and social isolation have negative health consequences and are associated with depression. Personality characteristics are important when studying persons at risk for loneliness and social isolation. The objective of this study was to clarify the association between personality factors, loneliness and social network, taking into account diagnosis of depression, partner status and gender.Design:Cross-sectional data of an ongoing prospective cohort study, the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO), were used.Setting and participants:474 participants were recruited from mental health care institutions and general practitioners in five different regions in the Netherlands.Measurements:NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) personality factors and loneliness and social network were measured as well as possible confounders. Multinominal logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse the associations between NEO-FFI factors and loneliness and social network. Interaction terms were investigated for depression, partner status and gender.Results:Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion in women and lower agreeableness in both men and women were associated with loneliness but not with social network size irrespective of the presence of depression. In the non-depressed group only, lower openness was associated with loneliness. Interaction terms with partner status were not significant.Conclusions:Personality factors are associated with loneliness especially in women. In men lower agreeableness contributes to higher loneliness. In non-depressed men and women, lower openness is associated with loneliness. Personality factors are not associated with social network size.
36
Kulaksizoglu, Isin Baral, Hakan Gürvit, Aslihan Polat, Hande Harmanci, Sibel Cakir, Hasmet Hanagasi, Basar Bilgic i Murat Emre. "Unrecognized depression in community-dwelling elderly persons in Istanbul". International Psychogeriatrics 17, nr 2 (1.11.2004): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610204000845.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objective: Depression, one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, causes disability and reduces quality of life. Rates of clinical depression in community samples of older adults range between 1–16%. Most studies of old age depression have been conducted in developed countries. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depressive disorders among Turkish elderly in an urban community.Method: This study was carried out in the Kadiköy district of Istanbul. The sample for the cross-sectional part of the study was 1067 individuals age 70 or older, randomly selected from population registries. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and demographic data were obtained by face-to-face home interviews. The data were analyzed using regression analysis for each variable.Results: The study group consisted of 623 (61%) females and 395 (39%) males. The mean age was 74.8 years, with 63% of subjects aged 70–74, 29% between 75–84 years old and 8% aged 85 and above. Sixteen percent (n=163) of the total group scored 14 or higher on the GDS. Only 9% of the depressed group were on antidepressant medication. Logistic regression analysis indicated that significant predictors for higher scores GDS scores were: illiteracy, aged 75–79 yrs, female sex and having 4 or more children.Conclusion: Depression is a common but unrecognized and thus untreated problem among the elderly population in Turkey. While gender and age are unmodifiable, education level and multiparity can be altered. Education of caregivers and medical staff about old age depression may increase its rate of detection and facilitate improved treatment.
37
AIRAKSINEN, E., M. LARSSON, I. LUNDBERG i Y. FORSELL. "Cognitive functions in depressive disorders: evidence from a population-based study". Psychological Medicine 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008559.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. Most of the available evidence on the effects of depression is based on in- and out-patient samples focusing on individuals suffering from major depression. The aims of this study were to examine cognitive functioning in population-based samples and to determine whether cognitive performance varies as a function of depression subgroup.Method. Population-based samples (aged 20–64 years) with major depression (N=68), dysthymia (N=28), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (N=25) and minor depression (N=66) were examined on a variety of cognitive tasks (i.e. episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual-motor speed and mental flexibility). One hundred and seventy-five non-depressed individuals served as controls.Results. The total group of depressed individuals showed impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility. Of more interest, however, was the observation that the pattern of impairments varied as a function of depression subgroup: the major depression and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder groups exhibited significant memory dysfunction, whereas individuals with dysthymia showed pronounced difficulties in mental flexibility. Minor depression did not affect cognitive performance. Verbal fluency and perceptual-motor speed were not affected by depression.Conclusions. These results indicate that persons with depressive disorders in the population exhibit cognitive impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility and that cognitive impairment varies as a function of depressive disorder.
38
Sandoval Garrido, Felipe Alfonso, Nanako Tamiya, Peter Lloyd-Sherlock i Haruko Noguchi. "Relation of depression with health behaviors and social conditions of dependent community-dwelling older persons in the Republic of Chile". International Psychogeriatrics 28, nr 12 (20.09.2016): 2029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001228.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTBackground:Depressive symptoms are a leading cause of disability and emotional suffering, particularly in old age. However, evidence on depression and old age in developing countries remains largely ignored. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between health behavior and social conditions with depression among dependent community-dwelling older persons in the Republic of Chile.Methods:This is a cross-sectional and inferential study, using nationally representative secondary data. Two models used logistic regression on 640 dependent community-dwelling older persons from all over Chile, who personally answered a depression assessment, excluding those taking antidepressants. The geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) was used as outcome. The first model aims at any kind of depression (GDS 5>). The second aims at severe depression (GDS 10>). As exposure, we used the health behavior and social conditions of the older persons. Socio-demographic and physical conditions were used as adjustment.Results:44.5% of the older persons presented depressive symptoms. Among them, 11% had severe depression. Logistic regression showed that significant detrimental factors for being depressed in both models were visiting the doctor five times or over because of acute diseases, feeling uncomfortable with their living arrangement, and feeling discriminated. On the other hand, every additional day of physical exercise and living alone had a beneficial and detrimental effect only in model one.Conclusion:Analyses on ways to support older persons living alone and the promotion of physical exercise to avoid depression are needed, along with a deeper understanding of the comfort with their living arrangement. Finally, ways to address the discrimination among older persons should be further explored.
39
Springgate, Benjamin, Lingqi Tang, Michael Ong, Wayne Aoki, Bowen Chung, Elizabeth Dixon, Megan Dwight Johnson i in. "Comparative Effectiveness of Coalitions Versus Technical Assistance for Depression Quality Improvement in Persons with Multiple Chronic Conditions". Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (6.09.2018): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.325.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Significance: Prior research suggests that Community Engagement and Planning (CEP) for coalition support compared with Resources for Services (RS) for program technical assistance to implement depression quality improvement programs improves 6- and 12-month client mental-health related quality of life (MHRQL); however, effects for clients with multiple chronic medical conditions (MCC) are unknown.Objective: To explore effectiveness of CEP vs RS in MCC and non-MCC subgroups.Design: Secondary analyses of a cluster-randomized trial.Setting: 93 health care and community-based programs in two neighborhoods.Participants: Of 4,440 clients screened, 1,322 depressed (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ8) provided contact information, 1,246 enrolled and 1,018 (548 with ≥3 MCC) completed baseline, 6- or 12-month surveys.Intervention: CEP or RS for implementing depression quality improvement programs.Outcomes and Analyses: Primary: depression (PHQ9 ≥10), poor MHRQL (Short Form Health Survey, SF-12<40); Secondary: mental wellness, good physical health, behavioral health hospitalization, chronic homelessness risk, work/workloss days, services use at 6 and 12 months. End-point regressions were used to estimate intervention effects on outcomes for subgroups with ≥3 MCC, non-MCC, and intervention-by- MCC interactions (exploratory).Results: Among MCC clients at 6 months, CEP vs RS lowered likelihoods of depression and poor MHRQL; increased likelihood of mental wellness; reduced work-loss days among employed and likelihoods of ≥4 behavioral-health hospitalization nights and chronic homelessness risk, while increasing faith-based and park community center depression services; and at 12 months, likelihood of good physical health and park community center depression services use (each P<.05). There were no significant interactions or primary outcome effects for non-MCC.Conclusions: CEP was more effective than RS in improving 6-month primary outcomes among depressed MCC clients, without significant interactions.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2):325-338; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.325.
40
Sivertsen, Heidi, Guro Hanevold Bjørkløf, Knut Engedal, Geir Selbæk i Anne-Sofie Helvik. "Depression and Quality of Life in Older Persons: A Review". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 40, nr 5-6 (2015): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437299.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Depression is a prevalent and disabling condition in older persons (≥60 years) that increases the risk of mortality and negatively influences quality of life (QOL). The relationship between depression, or depressive symptoms, and QOL has been increasingly addressed by research in recent years, but a review that can contribute to a better understanding of this relationship in older persons is lacking. Against this background, we undertook a literature review to assess the relationship between depression and QOL in older persons. Summary: Extensive electronic database searches revealed 953 studies. Of these, 74 studies fulfilled our criteria for inclusion, of which 52 were cross-sectional studies and 22 were longitudinal studies. Thirty-five studies were conducted in a clinical setting, while 39 were community-based epidemiological studies. A clear definition of the QOL concept was described in 25 studies, and 24 different assessment instruments were employed to assess QOL. Depressed older persons had poorer global and generic health-related QOL than nondepressed individuals. An increase in depression severity was associated with a poorer global and generic health-related QOL. The associations appeared to be stable over time and independent of how QOL was assessed. Key Messages: This review found a significant association between severity of depression and poorer QOL in older persons, and the association was found to be stable over time, regardless which assessment instruments for QOL were applied. The lack of a definition of the multidimensional and multilevel concept QOL was common, and the large variety of QOL instruments in various studies make a direct comparison between the studies difficult.
41
Kivelä, Sirkka-Liisa, Päivi Köngäs-Saviaro, Pekka Laippala, Kimmo Pahkala i Erkki Kesti. "Social and Psychosocial Factors Predicting Depression in Old Age: A Longitudinal Study". International Psychogeriatrics 8, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610296002943.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The predictive value of social and psychosocial factors for the occurrence of depression in elderly Finns is described using a longitudinal design. A population determined as not being depressed in an epidemiological study in 1984–1985 was clinically interviewed and examined in a follow-up study in 1989–1990 (N = 679). The potential predictive factors for depression were analyzed by contrasting the persons depressed in 1989–1990 with the ones not depressed. In men, depression was predicted by a poor relationship with one's wife and feelings about low appreciation of old persons or of the participant himself during the initial study and the loss of a mother while under 20 years of age. Certain changes and life events during the follow-up were related to the occurrence of depression in men, such as a change in the relationship with one's wife into a poorer direction, a decrease in the amount of hobbies, getting married, a grandchild's divorce, separation from someone important, moving into long-term institutional care, giving up hobbies or a position in a voluntary organization, and alcohol problems of a close person. In women, depression was predicted by living together with one's husband, living with other people, and a low activity in participating in religious events during the initial study and a loss of father while under 20 years of age. The risk of women living alone was lower compared to women not living alone. Also, certain changes and life events during the follow-up were associated with a high risk of depression in women, including a change in the relationship with one's neighbors into a poorer direction, an increase in the amount of time spent alone, a decline of the social activity level, getting married, occurrence of serious marital problems, separation from someone important, giving up hobbies or a position in a voluntary organization, alcohol problems of a close person, and a small number of social growth events. The results support the hypothesis about psychosocial factors playing a role in the etiology of depression in old age.
42
Elsheikh, M., H. Haltenhof i M. H. Bahary. "Stigma towards psychiatric disorders in a sample of depressed females in two different communities". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1439.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionStigma and discrimination experienced by persons suffering from mental illness, unlike other medical conditions, recognized as a barrier in countries rich and poor, and in countries with well-developed mental health services and those with limited services. It was hypothesized that depression may affect patients’ attitude towards mental illness “public stigma” as well as self-stigmatization and that there will be a difference between Egyptians and Germans.AimsThis study sets out to identify and compare public–and self-stigma among depressed women in two different communities.ObjectivesTo test findings from transcultural comparative study of two patient groups of depressed women from two different communities. Participants were 50 adult females diagnosed with depression from Egypt and Germany.MethodParticipants completed after clinical interviewing and diagnosis with depression two questionnaires: the inventory of attitude towards mental illness (Shokeer, 2002) and the explanatory model interview catalogue EMIC (Weis et al., 2001).ResultsAnalysis indicates that positive attitudes towards mental illness were more for the German respondents than for the Egyptians. There were significant differences between the two groups in the causal attributions of mental illness. Psychotherapy was widely accepted in the two groups as a helpful method for treatment of mental illness.ConclusionIt was concluded that the traditional beliefs affect the understanding of illness causality and that the subjective experience of depression may affect attitude towards mental illness and mentally ill people. The effect of the social desirability is discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
43
Carvalho Alves, L. Primo de, M. Pio de Almeida Fleck, A. Boni i N. Sica da Rocha. "The Major Depressive Disorder Hierarchy: Rasch Analysis of 6 Items of the Hamilton Depression Scale Covering the Continuum of Depressive Syndrome". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): s244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.020.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ObjectivesMelancholic features of depression (MFD) seem to be a unidimensional group of signs and symptoms. However, little importance has been given to the evaluation of what features are related to a more severe disorder. That is, what are the MFD that appear only in the most depressed patients. We aim to demonstrate how each MFD is related to the severity of the major depressive disorder.MethodsWe evaluated both the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-17) and its 6-item melancholic subscale (HAM-D6) in 291 depressed inpatients using Rasch analysis, which computes the severity of each MFD. Overall measures of model fit were mean ( ± SD) of items and persons residual = 0 (± 1); low χ2 value; P > 0.01.ResultsFor the HDRS–17 model fit, mean (± SD) of item residuals = 0.35 (± 1.4); mean (± SD) of person residuals = –0.15 (± 1.09); χ2 = 309.74; P < 0.00001. For the HAM-D6 model fit, mean (± SD) of item residuals = 0.5 (± 0.86); mean (± SD) of person residuals = 0.15 (± 0.91); χ2 = 56.13; P = 0.196. MFD ordered by crescent severity were depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilt feelings, and psychomotor retardation.ConclusionsDepressed mood is less severe, while guilt feelings and psychomotor retardation are more severe MFD in a psychiatric hospitalization. Understanding depression, as a continuum of symptoms can improve the understanding of the disorder and may improve its perspective of treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
44
Thomas, Jennifer E., Robin J. Jacobs, Joshua Caballero, Raymond L. Ownby, Elizabeth M. Lessmann, Kayla Mallare i Mark Adler. "Factors to assess depression in homebound older adults". Mental Health Clinician 6, nr 5 (1.09.2016): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2016.09.236.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Introduction: The number of homebound older adults is expected to increase as the elderly population grows. Many homebound older persons may be at high risk for depression, which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify selected factors that may predict depression in the homebound older population. Methods: Data from 340 homebound adults, aged 65 and older who were enrolled in Broward Meals on Wheels and who participated in a telephone survey were analyzed. Participants were asked to report demographic information, health status, medication-taking behaviors, mental health, and life satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depressed mood in this sample of older adults. Results: The majority of the sample (aged 65–95 years; mean, 77 years) were female (76.5%), white (77.1%), and living alone (52.6%). Multivariate modeling indicated that difficulty remembering the number of prescribed medications to be taken, feeling groggy after taking certain medications, poor self-reported health status, taking anxiety medications, and less satisfaction with life explained 34% (adjusted R2) of the variance in predicting depressed mood (F = 33.1, df = 5, P < .001). Discussion: Multiple factors related to medication use were identified that may contribute to higher levels of depressed mood in homebound older adults. These factors found in our study may be used to create a screening model to be used by pharmacists to identify homebound older adults who would benefit from further assessment for depression.
45
Mechakra-Tahiri, D. S., M. Dubé, M. V. Zunzunegui i M. Préville. "Trajectory and predictors of depressive disorder among community older adults, in Quebéc: A one-year follow-up study". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72263-5.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionPast research has demonstrated the high prevalence of depression in elderly. However, the most of studies followed the symptom trajectory of individuals diagnosed with depression in a clinical setting and few longitudinal studies have characterized the patterns of depression in older adults population-based.ObjectiveTo describe changing of depressive disorder in an elderly population-based over a 12-month period and to examine the influence of medical and psychosocial factors on the outcome.MethodsData come from a longitudinal ESA Study (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés) of elderly community persons (n = 2752). Depression, including major and minor depression, measured using the DSM-IV criteria. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess relations between participant characteristics at baseline and depression, 12 months later.ResultsAmong the 164 (5.9%) participants, who are depressed at baseline, 19.5% were continuously ill cases and 80.4% had recovered, 12 months later. Multivariate analyses showed that the risk of depression over the 12-month period was higher among for participants who were separated; living in rural region; with a great number of daily hassles, with high level of stress intensity, great number of chronic disease and with fair/poor perception of mental health.ConclusionResults support the hypothesis about medical and psychosocial factors as predictors over time of depression, in old persons. Using readily available prognostic factors (for example, high level of stress intensity, living in rural region, great number of chronic disease) could help direct treatment to elderly at highest risk of a poor prognosis.
46
Mechakra-Tahiri, Djemaa-Samia, Micheline Dubé, Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, Michel Préville, Djamal Berbiche i Joëlle Brassard. "Pattern of Change of Depressive Disorder over a One-Year Period among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Québec". Depression Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/451708.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The objective of this study was to describe changes in depression and its correlates, in community-dwelling elderly, over a 12-month period. Data come from a longitudinal ESA Study (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés) of elderly persons (n= 2752). Depression was measured using the DSM-IV criteria. Polytomous logistic regression was used to assess relations, over time, between participant’s characteristics and depression. Among the 164 (5.9%) subjects, who were depressed at baseline, 19.5% were continuously ill cases and 80.4% had recovered, 12 months later. In polytomous regression, factors increasing the probability of the three depression states (persistence, recovery, and incidence) were daily hassles, stress intensity, and fair/poor self-rated mental health. Depression in old age is dynamic. Available prognostic factors can be taken into account to help direct treatment to elderly at highest risk of a poor prognosis.
47
LAU, MARK A., BRUCE K. CHRISTENSEN, LANCE L. HAWLEY, MICHAEL S. GEMAR i ZINDEL V. SEGAL. "Inhibitory deficits for negative information in persons with major depressive disorder". Psychological Medicine 37, nr 9 (24.04.2007): 1249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000530.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACTBackgroundWithin Beck's cognitive model of depression, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which activated self-schemas result in the production of negative thoughts. Recent research has demonstrated that inhibitory dysfunction is present in depression, and this deficit is likely valence-specific. However, whether valence-specific inhibitory deficits are associated with increased negative cognition and whether such deficits are specific to depression per se remains unexamined. The authors posit the theory that inhibitory dysfunction may influence the degree to which activated self-schemas result in the production of depressive cognition.MethodIndividuals with major depressive disorder (MDD, n=43) versus healthy (n=36) and non-depressed anxious (n=32) controls were assessed on the Prose Distraction Task (PDT), a measure of cognitive inhibition, and the Stop-Signal Task (SST), a measure of motor response inhibition. These two tasks were modified in order to present emotionally valenced semantic stimuli (i.e. negative, neutral, positive).ResultsParticipants with MDD demonstrated performance impairments on the PDT, which were most pronounced for negatively valenced adjectives, relative to both control groups. Moreover, these impairments correlated with self-report measures of negative thinking and rumination. Conversely, the performance of the MDD participants did not differ from either control group on the SST.ConclusionsImplications of these findings for understanding the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of depressive cognition are discussed.
48
Kim, Jae-Min, Robert Stewart, Sung-Wan Kim, Su-Jin Yang, Il-Seon Shin i Jin-Sang Yoon. "Predictive value of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in late-life depression". British Journal of Psychiatry 192, nr 4 (kwiecień 2008): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039511.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundThe role of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in depression is not clear.AimsTo investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between folate, B12 and homocysteine levels and late-life depression.MethodA total of 732 Korean people aged 65 years or over were evaluated at baseline. Of the 631 persons who were not depressed, 521 (83%) were followed over a period of 2–3 years and incident depression was ascertained with the Geriatric Mental State schedule. Serum folate, serum vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine levels were assayed at both baseline and follow-up.ResultsLower levels of folate and vitamin B12 and higher homocysteine levels at baseline were associated with a higher risk of incident depression at follow-up. Incident depression was associated with a decline in vitamin B12 and an increase in homocysteine levels over the follow-up period.ConclusionsLower folate, lower vitamin B12 and raised homocysteine levels may be risk factors for late-life depression.
49
Jorm, Anthony F., Jo Medway, Helen Christensen, Ailsa E. Korten, Patricia A. Jacomb i Bryan Rodgers. "Attitudes Towards People with Depression: Effects on the Public's Help-Seeking and Outcome When Experiencing Common Psychiatric Symptoms". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, nr 4 (sierpień 2000): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00743.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objective: To determine whether people's attitudes towards a person who has experienced depression influence them in (i) the types of actions they take to help themselves if they experience common psychiatric symptoms, and (ii) the degree to which their symptoms improve. Method: A postal survey was carried out with 3109 adults to assess attitudes and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Attitudes were assessed by questions on a depressed person's likely long-term outcome in various areas of life and whether the respondents thought the depressed person was likely to experience discrimination. A follow-up survey was carried out 6 months later with 422 persons who had a high level of symptoms at baseline. These individuals were asked about whether they had taken various actions to relieve their symptoms. Results: The attitude measures did not predict use of actions which involved someone else having to know that the person had psychiatric symptoms, nor use of actions which did not. The attitude measures also did not predict change in anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions: The attitude measures did not predict patterns of help-seeking or outcome for people with common psychiatric symptoms. However, attitudes towards depression were quite benign and the situation could be different for people with severe mental disorders.
50
Koutsouras, George W., Kimberly Levine, Nathalie Duroseau, Christina Ciraco, Vivian Chan, Kathleen Pergament, Thomas Chan, Jayme D. Mancini, Adena N. Leder i Bhuma Krishnamachari. "Effects of depression and exercise on health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease". Chronic Illness 16, nr 3 (5.09.2018): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742395318796166.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objectives There is limited literature describing the effect exercise may have on depression and an individual’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). We aim to quantify this effect. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 60 PD subjects. The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) summary index and the Geriatric Depression Scale-30 were used to quantify HRQoL and depression, respectively. Data were obtained on exercise habits. ANOVA and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to calculate mean differences in HRQoL. Results Depression was consistently related to HRQoL ( p < 0.05). Of those who exercised as an adult before PD diagnosis, 49.02% ( n = 25) reported depression as compared to 88.89% ( n = 8) of those who did not report adult exercise ( p = 0.03). Those who exercised frequently as an adult prior to PD diagnosis had a better PDQ-39 Cognitive Index ( p = 0.03). Those who were not depressed and were currently exercising had a significantly higher HRQoL than those who were depressed and did not exercise ( p < 0.01). Discussion Exercising and depression may interact to affect HRQoL. Thus, coordination of mental health evaluation and exercise regimens in persons with PD may improve HRQoL.