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Jeancolas, Laetitia. "Détection précoce de la maladie de Parkinson par l'analyse de la voix et corrélations avec la neuroimagerie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL019.
Pełny tekst źródłaVocal impairments, known as hypokinetic dysarthria, are one of the first symptoms to appear in Parkinson's Disease (PD). A large number of articles exist on PD detection through voice analysis, but few have focused on the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study had been published on remote PD detection via speech transmitted through the telephone channel. The aim of this PhD work was to study vocal changes in PD at early and preclinical stages, and develop automatic detection and monitoring models. The long-term purpose is to build a cheap early diagnosis and monitoring tool, that doctors could use at their office, and even more interestingly, that could be used remotely with any telephone. The first step was to build a large voice database with more than 200 French speakers, including early PD patients, healthy controls and idiopathic Rapid eye movement sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) subjects, who can be considered at PD preclinical stage. All these subjects performed different vocal tasks and were recorded with a professional microphone and with the internal microphone of a computer. Moreover, they called once a month an interactive voice server, with their own phone. We studied the effect of microphone quality, speech tasks, gender, and classification analysis methodologies. We analyzed the vocal recordings with three different analysis methods, covering different time scale analyses. We started with cepstral coefficients and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Then we adapted x-vectors methodology (which never had been used in PD detection) and finally we extracted global features classified with Support Vector Machine (SVM). We detected vocal impairments at PD early and preclinical stages in articulation, prosody, speech flow and rhythmic abilities. With the professional microphone recordings, we obtained an accuracy (Acc) of 89% for male early PD detection, just using 6min of reading, free speech, fast and slow syllable repetitions. As for women, we reached Acc = 70% with 1min of free speech. With the telephone recordings, we achieved Acc = 75% for men, with 5min of rapid syllable repetitions, and 67% for women, with 5min of free speech. These results are an important first step towards early PD telediagnosis. We also studied correlations with neuroimaging, and we were able to linearly predict DatScan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) neuromelanin sensitive data, from a set of vocal features, in a significant way. This latter result is promising regarding the possible future use of voice for early PD monitoring
Filali, razzouki Anas. "Deep learning-based video face-based digital markers for early detection and analysis of Parkinson disease". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025IPPAS002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to develop robust digital biomarkers for early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) by analyzing facial videos to identify changes associated with hypomimia. In this context, we introduce new contributions to the state of the art: one based on shallow machine learning and the other on deep learning.The first method employs machine learning models that use manually extracted facial features, particularly derivatives of facial action units (AUs). These models incorporate interpretability mechanisms that explain their decision-making process for stakeholders, highlighting the most distinctive facial features for PD. We examine the influence of biological sex on these digital biomarkers, compare them against neuroimaging data and clinical scores, and use them to predict PD severity.The second method leverages deep learning to automatically extract features from raw facial videos and optical flow using foundational models based on Video Vision Transformers. To address the limited training data, we propose advanced adaptive transfer learning techniques, utilizing foundational models trained on large-scale video classification datasets. Additionally, we integrate interpretability mechanisms to clarify the relationship between automatically extracted features and manually extracted facial AUs, enhancing the comprehensibility of the model's decisions.Finally, our generated facial features are derived from both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, which provides a significant advantage over existing work. We use these recordings to analyze the progression of hypomimia over time with these digital markers, and its correlation with the progression of clinical scores.Combining these two approaches allows for a classification AUC (Area Under the Curve) of over 90%, demonstrating the efficacy of machine learning and deep learning models in detecting hypomimia in early-stage PD patients through facial videos. This research could enable continuous monitoring of hypomimia outside hospital settings via telemedicine
Taleb, Catherine. "Parkinson's desease detection by multimodal analysis combining handwriting and speech signals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT039.
Pełny tekst źródłaParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by a decreased dopamine level on the brain. This disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that worsen over time. In advanced stages of PD, clinical diagnosis is clear-cut. However, in the early stages, when the symptoms are often incomplete or subtle, the diagnosis becomes difficult and at times, the subject may remain undiagnosed. Furthermore, there are no efficient and reliable methods capable of achieving PD early diagnosis with certainty. The difficulty in early detection is a strong motivation for computer-based assessment tools/decision support tools/test instruments that can aid in the early diagnosing and predicting the progression of PD.Handwriting’s deterioration and vocal impairment may be ones of the earliest indicators for the onset of the illness. According to the reviewed literature, a language independent model to detect PD using multimodal signals has not been enough addressed. The main goal of this thesis is to build a language independent multimodal system for assessment the motor disorders in PD patients at an early stage based on combined handwriting and speech signals, using machine learning techniques. For this purpose and due to the lack of a multimodal and multilingual dataset, such database that is equally distributed between controls and PD patients was first built. The database includes handwriting, speech, and eye movements’ recordings collected from control and PD patients in two phases (“on-state” and “off-state”). In this thesis we focused on handwriting and speech analysis, where PD patients were studied in their “on-state”.Language-independent models for PD detection based on handwriting features were built; where two approaches were considered, studied and compared: a classical feature extraction and classifier approach and a deep learning approach. Approximately 97% classification accuracy was reached with both approaches. A multi-class SVM classifier for stage detection based on handwriting features was built. The achieved performance was non-satisfactory compared to the results obtained for PD detection due to many obstacles faced.Another language and task-independent acoustic feature set for assessing the motor disorders in PD patients was built. We have succeeded to build a language independent SVM model for PD diagnosis through voice analysis with 97.62% accuracy. Finally, a language independent multimodal system for PD detection by combining handwriting and voice signals was built, where both classical SVM model and deep learning models were both analyzed. A classification accuracy of 100% is obtained when handcrafted features from both modalities are combined and applied to the SVM. Despite the encouraging results obtained, there is still some works to do before putting our PD detection multimodal model into clinical use due to some limitations inherent to this thesis
Edno, Leïla. "Maladie de Parkinson face aux fluctuations d'efficacité de la dopathérapie : association précoce ou tardive : L Dopa-Lisuride (ou Dopergine(R))". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P076.
Pełny tekst źródłaLamontagne-Proulx, Jérôme. "Vésicules extracellulaires : biomarqueurs et véhicules de propagation de protéinopathies". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29627.
Pełny tekst źródła341812 Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease for which the diagnosis can only be confirmed once the degeneration state is very advanced, making imperative the discovery of a biomarker: a biological tool to predict the onset of pathology or its progression. My master’s project was designed to study extracellular vesicles (EV) from the blood in order to discover if they could be used as a diagnostic test or as a marker of disease progression. Quantification of EV performed by high-sensitivity flow cytometry demonstrated an increase in PD patients compared to their controls and a strong correlation with the progression of the disease only in EV derived from erythrocytes (EEV). Quantitative analysis of α-Syn, the main protein involved into PD pathogenesis, showed a similar level between individuals. However, analysis of the EEV proteome reveals a modulation of some proteins between patients and healthy donors. Our results suggest that EEV have the potential to lead to the development of a marker abled to track disease course as well as measuring the effect of new therapies.
Vetel, Steven. "Neuroinflammation et neuroprotection dans un modèle de maladie de Parkinson précoce (lésion à la 6-hydroxydopamine chez le rat)". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3309/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently, therapeutic strategies in Parkinson’s disease are symptomatic and the progression of the disease is uncontrolled, requiring the development of new neuroprotective approaches. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the neurodegenerative process where it occurs early through the activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes). Based on the use of animal models mimicking the early stages of the disease, the development of anti-inflammatory strategies is therefore a promising therapeutic approach. This thesis work consisted in the development and the characterisation of a partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model in rats in order to evaluate the effects of an original therapeutic strategy based on the combined use of a α7 nicotinic receptors agonist and a σ1 receptors agonist. Using different experimental approaches, we first evaluated the neurodegenerative and neuroinflammation processes in the model that we developped. Our results showed a partial and reproductible degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons associated with a marked neuroinflammation. Our metabolic analyses have also revealed several specific alterations, providing new insight on the mechanisms involved in the neurodegenerative process. Using positron emission tomography imaging, we then evaluated longitudinally the expression profile of α7 nicotinic receptors in the key structures of the nigro-striatal pathway. Our results showed transient changes in the density of these receptors that may be linked to biphasic microglial responses in association with the kinetics of neuronal degeneration. Thus, these results reinforce the hypothesis of specifically targeting α7 nicotinic receptors in order to reduce the neuroinflammatory processes. Finally, we evaluated the effects of our therapeutic strategy in the model and our results showed that this type of combination partially preserves the integrity of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons and reduces glial reactions in lesioned animals. Although it is necessary to confirm and extend these results, this type of combination could represent a promising new pharmacological approach in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Periquet, Magali. "Etudes génétique et fonctionnelle de la Parkine : un gène responsable d'une Maladie de Parkinson à début précoce et de transmission autosomique récessive". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077230.
Pełny tekst źródłaCorbillé, Anne-Gaëlle. "Détection et caractérisation de l'α-synucléine dans le système nerveux entérique en conditions physiologiques et dans la maladie de Parkinson". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaParkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the presence of inclusions of α-synuclein (α- syn) aggregates, termed Lewy bodies, in surviving neurons. Patients may also exhibit various non-motor symptoms, such as constipation, which occur several years before the onset of motor symptoms. The discovery that the enteric nervous system (ENS) is frequently affected by Lewy pathology has led to consider the digestive tissue as a potential source for a specific PD biomarker and even to suggest that the pathological process (pathogenic α-syn) could be initiated in the gut and be propagated to central nervous system by a prion-like mechanism. The aim of my thesis was therefore (i) to optimize the detection of α-syn in the digestive tract in both physiological and pathological conditions and (ii) to compare the properties of α-syn enteric and nervous system central. In the first part, we showed that immunohistochemical methods (IHC) to detect α-syn in paraffin embedded gastrointestinal tissue were limited by some technical challenges, but when using full thickness colonic sample they allow to detect with high accuracy pathological α-syn. In the second part, using biochemical approach, we have shown that α-syn native enteric may not have the same tendency to assemble itself as in brain and its expression level was not changed in Parkinson's disease. Our results are promising for the development of enteric histological biomarkers of PD and suggest a different propensity between the enteric and brain α-syn to become pathological. Key
Kodewitz, Andreas. "Méthodes pour l'analyse de grands volumes d'images appliquées à la détection précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer par analyse de PDG-PET scans". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846689.
Pełny tekst źródłaSébille, Sophie. "Détection de cibles pour la neuromodulation dans les maladies neurodégénératives : nouveaux apports de l'IRM de diffusion". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066188/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aging of the population has led to the emergence of many age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Neuromodulation techniques can be proposed to some patients when medications are no longer effective or have invalidating side effects. The objective of this PhD is to better characterize brain structures in order to optimize neuromodulation targeting and thus increase the therapeutic benefits for patients.The first area of research concerns the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), which is a neuromodulation target being evaluated for Parkinsonian patients who suffer from walking and balance disorders. We explored the anatomical connectivity of the MLR and the results led us to consider the pedonculopontin nucleus (PPN), which is a part of the MLR, as the target of neuromodulation to privilege. However, partial loss of cholinergic neurons in the PPN has been shown in Parkinsonian patients. The second project consisted in studying the topography of this loss in different pathological groups. Our results show that the maximum density of cholinergic neurons in all the subjects is situated at +3 mm from the superior edge of the PPN and is the optimal target for its neuromodulation. Finally, we constructed a 3D atlas of the healthy human brainstem in order to guide the implantation of electrodes in the MLR.The second area of research concerns the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, which is the usual neuromodulation target for essential tremors. We applied various targeting methods of the Vim and compared the locations. We found differences in distance between targets greater than 1.5 mm which may affect the neuromodulation results
Carron, Romain. "Hypersynchronisation précoce des réseaux du cortex moteur chez la souris modèle génétique de la maladie de Parkinson : Impact de la stimulation à haute fréquence du noyau subthalamique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4071.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe excess of synchronization of neuronal activities within the cortico-basal ganglia network is a hallmark of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. High frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to various basal ganglia nuclei dampens the synchronized activity in the whole network, and brings about a significant motor improvement. However it is not to date established whether an early presymptomatic abnormal pattern of synchronization is present in the primary motor cortex long before motor signs, nor whether its antidromic modulation via the hyperdirect cortico-subthalamic pathway is sufficient to remove its excess of synchronization. To answer these questions we studied the synchronization of spontaneous activities in the primary motor cortex of PINK-/- mice (genetic rodent model of Parkinson’s (PARK6), a progressive model) and compared it with age-matched control mice (P14-16 (wild-type)) by means of two-photon calcium imaging. Secondly, we analyzed in vitro the impact of the high frequency stimulation of cortico-subthalamic fibers on the pattern of synchronization of cortical networks. We show that, (1) at an early stage of development, there is an excess of synchronized activity in primary motor cortical networks and that, (2) antidromic modulation of cortical activity is a key mechanism to account for the normalization of hyper synchronized activity. These results show that a neurodegenerative adult pathology may begin early during development (neuroarcheology) though clinical signs appear late in adulthood. Moreover, antidromic invasion of a network seems to be a key mechanism of deep brain stimulation
Vialatte, François Benoît. "Modélisation en bosses pour l'analyse de motifs oscillatoires reproductibles dans l'activité de populations neuronales: applications à l'apprentissage olfactif chez l'animal et à la détection précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001508.
Pełny tekst źródłaVialatte, François-Benoît. "Modélisation en bosse pour l'analyse des motifs oscillatoires reproductibles dans l'activité de populations neuronales : applications à l'apprentissage olfactif chez l'animal et à la détection précoce de la maladie d' Alzheimer". Paris 6, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001508.
Pełny tekst źródłaEspinoza, Christian. "Approche métabolomique non-ciblée pour révéler les réponses métaboliques des prunus à l'infection par le PPV, conduisant au développement d'un outil de détection innovant pour la détection précoce de la maladie de la sharka et la sauvegarde des vergers en Occitanie". Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaSharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is responsible for significant economic losses in Prunus. However, no preventive or curative treatments are currently available and only a few sources of natural resistance have been found. In France, a prophylactic approach has been adopted in an attempt to limit the spread of the PPV, which is essentially based on the rapid detection and removal of infected trees. However, certain technical and economic limitations do not allow the early andeffective detection of PPV on a large scale by conventional methods. The department of Pyrénées Orientales (France) is the most affected by this disease (85% of infections). These issues motivated the creation of the Antishark project, which is the result of a collaboration between AkiNaO, the University of Perpignan Via Domitia, FDGDON66 and local producers. The objective of the project was to develop an innovative method of early detection, targeting the metabolic responses of Prunuspersica at an early stage of the infection. Consequently, two studies under monitored conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach (UHPLC-HRMS) were carried out. This approach is a promising tool to reveal the metabolic interactions between PPV and its host. In a first study, the global metabolic response to PPV-infection (Dideron and Marcus strains), including symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves, allowed the discrimination of metabolic profiles from PPV-infected and healthy leaves. Although there was a common response between the two strains, metabolic differences were also revealed, notably highlighting strain-specific metabolic alterations. In fact, this novel result could eventually lead to the possibility of identifying the viral strain(s) responsible for the infection. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate PPV-infected plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves) from healthy plants and from plants infected by another plant pathogenic virus. These observations suggest the existence of a potential specific response to the sharka disease. Based on all these findings, the hypothesis that asymptomatic PPVinfected trees could be detected through virus-induced metabolic alterations is supported.Furthermore, the metabolic responses collected from asymptomatic leaves could be considered as early responses to PPV-infection, i.e., before the appearance of symptoms. In a second step, early metabolic alterations, before the appearance of sharka symptoms, were confirmed by a kinetic study, despite negative molecular tests (RT-qPCR). Our results indicate that early detection of PPVinfected plants by targeting metabolic responses in Prunus persica was a promising strategy. Finally,statistical correlations between the two studies were found. Although the cultivars showed significantly different metabolic profiles, some discriminant features were common between the different cultivars tested (GF-305, yellow nectarine, yellow peach) and also between the different stages of the virus infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic). Nevertheless, a co-infection of PPV and powdery mildew observed during the kinetic experiment under monitored conditions could alter the impact of PPV-infection. Consequently, a new kinetic study without co-infection, is ongoing to confirm or refute these first observations. In addition, the identification of biomarkers related to the sharka disease, also in progress, would provide a betterunderstanding of the metabolic interactions between peach and PPV. Finally, other experiments under natural conditions are underway to evaluate the robustness of our potential biomarkers
Bastide, Matthieu. "Approche expérimentale de la physiopathologie des dyskinésies L-Dopa induites dans la maladie de Parkinson : comparaison de la cible classique, le striatum avec l’ensemble du cerveau". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0132/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe gold standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains the dopamine precursor L- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa). Long-term L-Dopa treatment systematically leads to abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) called L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). These manifestations first led to investigate the neuronal dysfunctions in the motor regions of thebasal ganglia and unravelled an overexpression of ΔFosB, ARC, Zif268 and FRA2 immediate-early genes (IEG) in the dopamine-depleted striatum of dyskinetic rats. However, other several dopaminoceptive structures, likely affected by the exogenously produced dopamine, have been neglected although they might play a key role in mediating LID. Hence, we assessed the expression of ΔFosB, ARC, FRA2 and Zif268 IEGs in the whole brain of dyskinetic rats compared to non-dyskinetic ones. Such approach shed light notably upon 9 structures located outside of the basal ganglia displaying an IEG overexpression. Among them, the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBST) and the lateralhabenula (LHb) displayed a significant correlation between ΔFosB expression and LID severity. We therefore postulated that these structures might play a role in LID manifestation. Therefore, to assess dlBST and LHb causal roles upon LID severity, we inhibited the electrical activity of FosB/ΔFosB-expressing neurons using the selective Daun02/β- galactosidase inactivation method that we previously validated in a well known structure involve in LID: the striatum. Interestingly, the inactivation of dlBST and LHb ΔfosBexpressing neurons alleviated LID severity and increased the beneficial effect of L-Dopa in dyskinetic rats. Remarkably, BST involvement in LID was confirmed in the gold standard model of LID, the dyskinetic MPTP-lesioned macaque. Altogether, our results highlight for the first time the functional involvement of 2 structures
Jalloul, Nahed. "Development of a system of acquisition and movement analysis : application on Parkinson's disease". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work presented in this thesis is concerned with the development of an ambulatory monitoring system for the detection of Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The system is composed of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) that collect movement signals from healthy individuals and PD patients. Different methods are evaluated which consist of LID detection with and without activity classification. Data collected from healthy individuals is used to design a reliable activity classifier. Following that, an algorithm that performs activity classification and dyskinesia detection on data collected from PD patients is tested. A new approach based on complex network analysis is also explored and presents interesting results. The evaluated analysis methods are incorporated into a platform PARADYSE in order to further advance the system’s capabilities
Saad, Ali. "Detection of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreezing of Gait (FoG) is an episodic phenomenon that is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). This research is headed toward implementing a detection, diagnosis and correction system that prevents FoG episodes using a multi-sensor device. This particular study aims to detect/diagnose FoG using different machine learning approaches. In this study we validate the choice of integrating multiple sensors to detect FoG with better performance. Our first level of contribution is introducing new types of sensors for the detection of FoG (telemeter and goniometer). An advantage in our work is that due to the inconsistency of FoG events, the extracted features from all sensors are combined using the Principal Component Analysis technique. The second level of contribution is implementing a new detection algorithm in the field of FoG detection, which is the Gaussian Neural Network algorithm. The third level of contribution is developing a probabilistic modeling approach based on Bayesian Belief Networks that is able to diagnosis the behavioral walking change of patients before, during and after a freezing event. Our final level of contribution is utilizing tree-structured Bayesian Networks to build a global model that links and diagnoses multiple Parkinson's disease symptoms such as FoG, handwriting, and speech. To achieve our goals, clinical data are acquired from patients diagnosed with PD. The acquired data are subjected to effective time and frequency feature extraction then introduced to the different detection/diagnosis approaches. The used detection methods are able to detect 100% of the present appearances of FoG episodes. The classification performances of our approaches are studied thoroughly and the accuracy of all methodologies is considered carefully and evaluated