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Kawano, Takahito, Yoko Tachibana, Junichi Inokuchi, Jeong-Hun Kang, Masaharu Murata i Masatoshi Eto. "Identification of Activated Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα) in the Urine of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Xenograft Model as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 17 (27.08.2021): 9276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179276.
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Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate; therefore, frequent and effective monitoring is essential for disease management. Cystoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of bladder cancer. However, cystoscopy is invasive and relatively expensive. Thus, there is a need for non-invasive, relatively inexpensive urinary biomarker-based diagnoses of bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in urine samples and the possibility of PKCα as a urinary biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis. Activated PKCα was found to be present at higher levels in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high levels of activated PKCα were observed in urine samples collected from orthotopic xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells compared to urine samples from normal mice. These results suggest that activated PKCα can be used as a urinary biomarker to diagnose bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of activated PKCα in the urine of orthotopic xenograft mice.
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Chen, Ling, YaRong Wang, Le Zhao, Wei Chen, Chunhui Dong, Xinhan Zhao i Xu Li. "Hsp74, a Potential Bladder Cancer Marker, Has Direct Interaction with Keratin 1". Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/492849.
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Early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring are very important for the survival of patients with bladder cancer. To identify candidate biomarkers of bladder cancer, we used a combination of techniques including 2-DE, co-IP, western blot, LC-MS/MS, and immunohistochemistry. Hsp74 was identified with high expression in bladder cancer. The cellular location of expression products of gene Hsp74 showed that they were distributed into cytoplasm and keratin 1 was found to be associated with Hsp74. The results provide a new idea to understand the molecular basis of bladder cancer progression and pinpoint new potential molecular target for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer.
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Li, Chong, Zhao Yang, Xu Zhang, Xing Kang, Yin Yang, Dechun Lei, Yunxia Zhao i Shaojie Ning. "Hopes and Challenges: Translational Medical Research in Bladder Cancer". Cancer Plus 1, nr 1 (14.03.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v1i1.189.
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Bladder cancer is a complex disease and could be classified into non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive subtypes according to the distinct genetic background and clinical prognosis. It is necessary to find a non-invasive, economical and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Translational medicine provides such an opportunity. Genomics, proteomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and the like that aid in studying and exploring the mechanism of bladder cancer development, bladder cancer-related genes, signalling pathways, key molecules or targets can be clearly used for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Biomarkers have been developed as part of a new detection kit for the early screening, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer through translational medicine. Additionally, targeted drugs and immunological preparations can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer and further improve its existing diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
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Wei, Hairong, Weiming Wan, Hui Zhan, Jiansong Wang i Jian Chen. "The Role of FGFR3 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer: A Review". Cancer Plus 3, nr 1 (21.02.2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v3i1.302.
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Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with poor prognosis; therefore, new systemic treatment is urgently needed. Although the prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is relatively good, it is highly recurrent and requires lifelong monitoring that brings huge burden to patients and medical services. Thus, improving the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer is still a very important milestone to achieve. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutations frequently occur in bladder cancer. The mutations are related to the development, progression, and prognosis of bladder cancer and may serve as effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets. An increase in the understanding of FGFR3 in recent years is expected to lead to new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, thereby prolonging the survival of patients. Combined with relevant clinical research and basic research, this article reviews the application of FGFR3 in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Batista, Rui, Nuno Vinagre, Sara Meireles, João Vinagre, Hugo Prazeres, Ricardo Leão, Valdemar Máximo i Paula Soares. "Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review". Diagnostics 10, nr 1 (13.01.2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010039.
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Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer in the world, with a steady rise in its incidence and prevalence, and is accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality. BC is a complex disease with several molecular and pathological pathways, thus reflecting different behaviors depending on the clinical staging of the tumor and molecular type. Diagnosis and monitoring of BC is mainly performed by invasive tests, namely periodic cystoscopies; this procedure, although a reliable method, is highly uncomfortable for the patient and it is not exempt of comorbidities. Currently, there is no formal indication for the use of molecular biomarkers in clinical practice, even though there are several tests available. There is an imperative need for a clinical non-invasive testing for early detection, disease monitoring, and treatment response in BC. In this review, we aim to assess and compare different tests based on molecular biomarkers and evaluate their potential role as new molecules for bladder cancer diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment response monitoring.
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Schwab, Andrew J., Matthew W. Mitchell, Edward D. Karoly i Rangaprasad Sarangarajan. "Abstract 5546: Urine metabolomic biomarkers discovery for bladder cancer diagnostics". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5546.
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Abstract Current estimates in the United States for 2022 are about 81,180 new cases of bladder cancer diagnosis with about 17,100 deaths from the disease (American Cancer Society). Urothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common type of bladder cancer, approximately 70% of newly diagnosed TCC patients have non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) tumors. The gold standards for initial diagnosis and recurrence of TCC, cystoscopy and cytology, are both limited by their inability to visualize certain areas within the bladder or detect low grade tumors. Moreover, these tests are associated with false positive profiles, with potential for abnormal readouts even in individuals with no obvious signs of cancer. High recurrence rate predicates the need for constant monitoring of signs and symptoms associated with bladder disease following initial diagnosis, and non-invasive diagnostic modalities to detect both recurrent and primary early-stage tumors are a critical unmet need. In this study, comprehensive metabolomic profiling from human urine samples was used to identify and validate a panel of metabolites as potential biomarkers of bladder cancer. Urine samples from 439 total subjects (comprised of 66 bladder cancer, 119 history of bladder cancer but no bladder cancer at time of urine sampling, 58 hematuria subjects, 48 renal cell carcinoma, 58 prostate cancer, and 89 healthy subjects) were analyzed using a proprietary global untargeted metabolomic platform. A follow-up study to determine the reproducibility of the initial data set was conducted with 162 urine samples from subjects with bladder cancer that were either recurrent or primary, or with a negative diagnosis for bladder cancer with a previous history of bladder cancer or had hematuria or urinary voiding issues. Utilizing both data sets, eight biochemicals (lactate, gluconate, palmitoyl sphingomyelin, acetylcarnitine, choline phosphate, succinate, and adenosine) were identified as potential urine biomarkers for bladder cancer. In addition, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 2-hydroxybutyrate (AHB), and adipate were identified as potential urine biomarkers for urological cancers. In total, 37 biochemicals have now been identified with having the potential to serve as urine bladder cancer biomarkers, and the majority of the biochemicals identified as biomarkers were associated with biochemical pathways previously shown to be perturbed in bladder tumors. The performance characteristics of the identified biochemicals in the detection of bladder cancer will be reported. Citation Format: Andrew J. Schwab, Matthew W. Mitchell, Edward D. Karoly, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan. Urine metabolomic biomarkers discovery for bladder cancer diagnostics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5546.
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Chin, Fee-Wai, Soon-Choy Chan i Abhi Veerakumarasivam. "Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer". Diagnostics 13, nr 16 (10.08.2023): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162641.
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Homeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in various human cancers, including bladder cancer. The dysregulated expression of homeobox genes has been associated with bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Although bladder cancer has high risk of tumor recurrence and progression, it is highly challenging for clinicians to accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence and progression at the initial point of diagnosis. Cystoscopy is the routine surveillance method used to detect tumor recurrence. However, the procedure causes significant discomfort and pain that results in poor surveillance follow-up amongst patients. Therefore, the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of homeobox gene expression dysregulation in bladder cancer.
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Yang, Zhao, Nan Zhang, Zongyi Shen, Suhang Bai, Mengran Shi, Liqi Yin, Jieqiao Li, Xiaolin Lei, Changyuan Yu i Chong Li. "Markers for Early Diagnosis and Post-operative Recurrence Monitoring of Bladder Cancer". Cancer Plus 2, nr 1 (14.02.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v2i1.270.
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The diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (BC) are high complex due to cancer heterogeneity among patients. Thus, biomarkers play pivotal roles in the diagnosis, prognosis determination, and planning of therapeutic intervention of BC. With years of research and discovery, many candidate markers for BC have emerged. The alterations of nucleosides, proteins, post-translational modifications, and cells are the candidate markers for early diagnosis and post-operative recurrence monitoring of BC. This review mainly discusses the recent progresses in the proteins and nucleosides markers for diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of BC. In the detection of BC, some potential nucleoside-based markers have been reported, including telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, microsatellite, and chromosome instability, whereas the protein markers include bladder tumor antigen, nuclear matrix protein family (Nuclear matrix protein 22), fibrin/fibrin degradation product, and aberrantly glycosylated integrin α3β1. Besides, the performance of diagnostic methods based on these markers are reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity of candidate markers and detection methods of BC are compared. In summary, this review provides invaluable information about the early diagnosis and recurrence of BC, which guides the development and improvement of novel markers for early diagnosis and post-operative recurrence monitoring of BC in future.
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Cheng, Timothy H. T., Peiyong Jiang, Jeremy Y. C. Teoh, Macy M. S. Heung, Jacqueline C. W. Tam, Xiao Sun, Wing-Shan Lee i in. "Noninvasive Detection of Bladder Cancer by Shallow-Depth Genome-Wide Bisulfite Sequencing of Urinary Cell-Free DNA for Methylation and Copy Number Profiling". Clinical Chemistry 65, nr 7 (1.07.2019): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.301341.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The current diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer are heavily reliant on cystoscopy, an invasive and costly procedure. Previous efforts in urine-based detection of bladder cancer focused on targeted approaches that are predicated on the tumor expressing specific aberrations. We aimed to noninvasively detect bladder cancer by the genome-wide assessment of methylomic and copy number aberrations (CNAs). We also investigated the size of tumor cell-free (cf)DNA fragments. METHODS Shallow-depth paired-end genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of urinary cfDNA was done for 46 bladder cancer patients and 39 cancer-free controls with hematuria. We assessed (a) proportional contribution from different tissues by methylation deconvolution, (b) global hypomethylation, (c) CNA, and (d) cfDNA size profile. RESULTS Methylomic and copy number approaches were synergistically combined to detect bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 93.5% (84.2% for low-grade nonmuscle-invasive disease) and a specificity of 95.8%. The prevalence of methylomic and CNAs reflected disease stage and tumor size. Sampling over multiple time points could assess residual disease and changes in tumor load. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer was associated with a higher proportion of long cfDNA, as well as longer cfDNA fragments originating from genomic regions enriched for tumor DNA. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer can be detected noninvasively in urinary cfDNA by methylomic and copy number analysis without previous knowledge or assumptions of specific aberrations. Such analysis could be used as a liquid biopsy to aid diagnosis and for potential longitudinal monitoring of tumor load. Further understanding of the differential size and fragmentation of cfDNA could improve the detection of bladder cancer.
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Kałużewski, Tadeusz, Grzegorz K. Przybylski, Michał Bednarek, Sławomir Glazar, Magdalena Grabiec, Adam Jędrzejczyk, Łukasz Kępczyński i in. "The Usefulness of Cell-Based and Liquid-Based Urine Tests in Clarifying the Diagnosis and Monitoring the Course of Urothelial Carcinoma. Identification of Novel, Potentially Actionable, RB1 and ERBB2 Somatic Mutations". Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, nr 5 (30.04.2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050362.
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Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in global statistics. One of the issues associated with this disease is the high incidence of cases with delayed diagnosis and what factors correlate with worse treatment outcomes. A possible reason for this may be the rather limited availability of non-invasive diagnostic tools. This short communication presents a case of a 68 year old male patient after an ineffective therapy, carried on for several years with symptoms commonly associated with prostate overgrowth that masked a carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Implementation of several diagnostic techniques, including urine sediment cytology, immunocytochemistry, the fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, the Bladder EpiCheck test and whole-genome sequencing, enabled the establishment of a correct diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment and provision of patient-friendly monitoring. The described case emphasises the usefulness of cell-based and liquid-based urine tests in bladder cancer diagnostic procedures.
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Treadwell, Jonathan, i Amy Tsou. "PP75 Genetic Testing For Bladder And Kidney Cancer: An Interactive Evidence Map". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002301.
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Introduction:Recently, voluminous research and commentary have touted genetic and molecular testing to improve the management of urologic cancer. The purposes of such testing include screening, risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, pharmacogenetics, and monitoring (for example, recurrence, predicting treatment response). An interactive graphical tool (“evidence map”) would help policy makers examine the current state of research, identify prevailing trends, and prioritize research efforts.Methods:A professional information specialist searched MEDLINE/EMBASE for articles published in 2010 or later that primarily focused on genetic/molecular testing and either kidney or bladder/urothelial cancer. Two research analysts classified all relevant abstracts regarding to cancer type, genetic marker(s), clinical purpose(s), assay methods, publication type, and author country/region. We created an interactive map using HTML5 and JavaScript.Results:We identified 4,731 articles, 828 (18 percent) of which met our inclusion criteria. Our map has interactive filters which allow flexible selection of articles and automatic updating of the counts. For example, one can quickly redraw the map to focus only on U.S./European systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Research on bladder/urothelial cancer focuses on both diagnosis and prognosis, with some interest in monitoring. In kidney cancer, research on prognosis outweighs research on diagnosis. Overall, research on genetic/molecular markers is in an exploratory phase, e.g. for kidney cancer prognosis alone, 173 empirical studies considered hundreds of different markers.Conclusions:Assessing prognosis is a common purpose of genetic tests for both bladder/urothelial and kidney cancer. Increased research on the monitoring of bladder/urothelial cancer may be due to its high recurrence rates, whereas lower interest in genetic tests to diagnose kidney cancer may be due to effective imaging tests. For policy makers, evidence maps can inform decisions about the scope of commissioned systematic reviews as well as the targets for recommendation statements. Interactive features allow maps to be redrawn to align with users’ specific interests.
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Zhang, Pu, Yanning Zhang, Wenhao Liu, Daxiang Cui, Xiangwei Zhao, Jie Song, Ting Guo i in. "A Molecular Beacon Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanotag for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer". Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 15, nr 7 (1.07.2019): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2780.
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Current techniques responsible for bladder cancer diagnosis and monitoring are insensitive and invasive. Here, we report a surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotag for the sensitive diagnosis of bladder cancer using urine samples as a noninvasive approach. The sea-urchin-like Au nanoclusters used in this work exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering ability with an enhancement factor of 3.44 × 107. Molecular beacons labeled with Cy3 are covalently anchored to the surface of Au nanoclusters, which serve as a specific recognition site for survivin mRNA. Further a polyethylene glycol coating provides stability and completes the final functionalization. This surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotag has good efficiency (equilibrium time: 10 min) with high sensitivity (detection threshold: 19.4 nM), high specificity (capable of single-base mismatch recognition) and good stability against nucleases. All these features are also verified in the fluorescence modality. Furthermore, its function was highly maintained in clinical samples from 13 patients with bladder cancer, as evidenced by a sensitivity up to 91.7% and a specificity up to 100%. The nanotag demonstrates its superiority over cytology and has its great clinical value even for early bladder cancer diagnosis. Thus, the nanotag is promising for noninvasive and sensitive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Godlewski, Dominik, Sara Czech, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher i David Aebisher. "Bladder Cancer Basic Study and Current Clinical Trials". Uro 4, nr 3 (22.09.2024): 145–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/uro4030012.
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Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fourth most common cancer in men and one of the most common urinary tract cancers, especially in developed countries. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively analyze the biology of bladder cancer, including its epidemiology, etiology, histological types, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic methods. The paper presents the dominant histological types of bladder cancer, such as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which accounts for 90–95% of cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma, which is much rarer. Risk factors, such as smoking, occupational exposure to chemicals, schistosomiasis, and genetic factors, which significantly affect the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, are also discussed. The paper focuses on modern diagnostic methods, including blue light cystoscopy (BLC) and computed tomography urography (CTU), which show increased sensitivity and specificity in detecting early neoplastic changes. The importance of TNM classification and the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in improving patient prognosis are also discussed. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the paper emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and an individualized therapeutic approach, which may contribute to improving the survival and quality of life of patients with bladder cancer. The potential for prevention, including quitting smoking and limiting exposure to harmful chemicals, has also been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of disease. Patient education and monitoring high-risk groups are key to reducing the incidence of bladder cancer.
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Seok, Jaekwon, Yeonjoo Kwak, Sewhan Kim, Eun-Mee Kim i Aram Kim. "Advances in Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer". International Neurourology Journal 28, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2448198.099.
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Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. It has a high recurrence rate and requires longterm follow-up. Significant advances in BCa research have been made in recent years; however, the initial diagnosis and follow-up of BCa relies on cystoscopy, which is an invasive and expensive procedure. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood and urine) have proven to be highly efficient methods for the discovery of BCa biomarkers. This noninvasive sampling method is used to analyze unique tumor components released into body fluids and enables serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of tumor progression. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers have been studied extensively and have shown promising results in the clinical applications of BCa, including early detection, microscopic residual disease detection, recurrence prediction, and treatment response. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on various new liquid biopsy markers and the advantages and current limitations of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of BCa.
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Seo, Soyeon, Sungeun Cho, Kisook Hong, Bongsuk Shim i Sungwon Kwon. "Usefulness of NMP22 BladderChek for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Bladder Cancer". Annals of Laboratory Medicine 27, nr 1 (1.02.2007): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.1.22.
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Fragkoulis, C., K. Stasinopoulos, A. Pappas, G. Papadopoulos, G. Stathouros, D. Chatziharalambous, G. Mermelekas, I. Zoidakis i K. Ntoumas. "Multiple reaction monitoring study for bladder cancer diagnosis using novel urine biomarkers". European Urology Supplements 15, nr 13 (grudzień 2016): e1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(16)30467-5.
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Lintula, Susanna, i Kristina Hotakainen. "Developing biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring of bladder cancer". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 10, nr 8 (13.07.2010): 1169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2010.489546.
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Rentsch, Cyrill A., David Christian Müller, Christian Ruiz i Lukas Bubendorf. "Moving Towards Minimally Invasive Genomically Based Diagnosis and Monitoring of Bladder Cancer". European Urology 70, nr 1 (lipiec 2016): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.050.
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Dai, Chao, Tiantian Zheng, Wei Mo, Giancarlo Bonora, Amy Wang, Shujun Luo, Kemin Zhou, Shidong Jia i Pan Du. "Clinical applications of urine- and blood-based genome wide copy number study from 1,000 patients with bladder and prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, nr 6_suppl (20.02.2023): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.459.
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459 Background: Liquid biopsy has become increasingly important in cancer diagnosis and disease progression monitoring. Copy number variation is an important characteristic for genitourinary cancer and many other cancer types, where bladder cancer was shown to have the largest copy number alternation among 33 human cancer types from TCGA. We developed PredicineCNB, a companion LP-WGS assay to robustly estimate genome-wide copy number burden (CNB) from plasma and urine clinical samples, which can provide longitudinal disease monitoring in a cost-effective way. Methods: By integrating both fragments coverage and fragments length from LP-WGS data, and quantifying copy number deviation at chromosome arm level, we greatly increase both sensitivity and specificity for CNB based cancer detection. Analytical evaluation was performed based on clinical plasma titration samples, and PredicineCNB has demonstrated high cancer detection sensitivity (LOD is 1%) with high specificity (> 99%), using DNA input amounts as low as 1ng. We also validated CNB using Predicine panel-based tumor fraction for more than 200 clinical samples, results demonstrated both are highly concordant with correlation coefficient 0.84. Results: We performed clinical evaluation of PredicineCNB on 700 patients with prostate cancer and 300 patients with bladder cancer. For clinical patients with longitudinal samples under different disease stages or drug treatments, we demonstrated a promising potential using PredicineCNB for monitoring dynamic changes in ctDNA, that are caused by copy number variation. For 12 different bladder cancer patients, each with at least two longitudinal samples, we observed that CNB declines as early as two weeks after treatment initiation, providing an early signal of molecular response to therapy. In addition, when comparing conventional radiology-based imaging with CNB, we found that an increase in CNB preceded clinical progression of disease in majority of patients; and CNB shows a positive correlation between cancer stage revealed by CT scan. Conclusions: We conducted a comprehensive clinical study using PredicineCNB in 1,000 patients with prostate and bladder cancers, demonstrating the promising clinical application of liquid biopsy-based genome-wide copy number changes in therapy monitoring.
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Eun, Sung-Jong, Jayoung Kim i Khae Hawn Kim. "Applications of artificial intelligence in urological setting: a hopeful path to improved care". Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 17, nr 5 (26.10.2021): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142596.298.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has been introduced in urology research and practice. Application of AI leads to better accuracy of disease diagnosis and predictive model for monitoring of responses to medical treatments. This mini-review article aims to summarize current applications and development of AI in urology setting, in particular for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases. This review will introduce that machine learning algorithm-based models will enhance the prediction accuracy for various bladder diseases including interstitial cystitis, bladder cancer, and reproductive urology.
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Setianingsih, Yennie A., Wahjoe Djatisoesanto, Tetuka B. Laksita i Aryati Aryati. "Diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytokeratin fragment-19 (CYFRA21-1) for bladder cancer". Narra J 4, nr 3 (24.10.2024): e1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i3.1142.
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Bladder cancer is known for its high recurrence rate and requires constant patient monitoring. To confirm the diagnosis, a tissue sample from a cystoscopy is required, which the patient often avoids. Urine has the potential to be utilized as a diagnostic fluid because of its non-invasive nature and various biomarker contents. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of cytokeratin fragment-19 (CYFRA21-1) level in urine for diagnosing bladder cancer. This single-center cross-sectional study was performed with eligible inclusion were adults aged ≥18 years who presented with hematuria and suspected bladder cancer from imaging. Patients with a history of intravesical chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy were excluded. Urine samples were collected prior to the cystoscopy. Detection of urinary CYFRA21-1 was carried out using the ELISA method. Of 154 patients included in the study, the diagnosis of bladder cancer was confirmed in 92 patients. Patients with bladder cancer had significantly higher urinary CYFRA21-1 levels compared to the non-bladder cancer group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio of the CYFRA21-1 were 80.4%, 43.5%, 67.9%, 60% and 1.425, respectively. The area under the curve for CYFRA21-1 was 0.608, computed from a receiver operating curve with a cut-off value of 13.3 ng/mL. In conclusion, urinary CYFRA21-1 levels have moderate diagnostic accuracy in determining bladder cancer among suspected individuals. Due to its high sensitivity, this biomarker could potentially be used alongside other screening tools for bladder cancer detection.
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Sampogna, G., S. Musco, L. Gemma, A. Galfano, A. M. Bocciardi, E. Montanari, G. Del Popolo i M. Spinelli. "Monitoring neurogenic bladder for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer: the experience in two tertiary referral centers". European Urology Open Science 32 (październik 2021): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2666-1683(21)00808-9.
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Jain, Rohit K., Petros Grivas i Sumanta K. Pal. "Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of urothelial bladder cancer: are we there yet?" BJU International 124, nr 3 (22.08.2019): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.14877.
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Furuya, Hideki, i Charles J. Rosser. "Abstract P032: A novel multiplex immunoassay for the early detection of bladder cancer". Cancer Prevention Research 16, nr 1_Supplement (1.01.2023): P032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-p032.
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Abstract Background: We have identified a bladder cancer-associated signature which has been confirmed in several large cohorts, specifically noting its ability to identify smaller tumors (~1cm), which had an elevation at the time of diagnosis in one or more of the 10 biomarkers but not to the same extent as we see in the studies with primary de novo tumors (~3 cm). Thus, we have reported, as the tumor grows, as the grade increases and as the stage increases, there is a corresponding increase in the absolute levels of one or more of the biomarkers that comprise the bladder cancer-associated signature. Currently, the bladder cancer-associated signature is being tested in 4 large prospective studies; i) bladder cancer detection in subjects with gross hematuria, ii) bladder cancer detection in subjects with microscopic hematuria, iii) tumor surveillance in patients with a history of bladder cancer and iv) predicting response to intravesical BCG. In the tumor surveillance study, subjects are followed for 2 years to monitor for tumor recurrence. After enrolling 300 subjects into this study as of May 2020, to date, we have noted tumors recurrences in the 21-24 months follow-up period in 20 subjects. This group was picked to generate the current preliminary data because they would have had several serial urine samples available for analysis. Interestingly of these 20 subjects (57 voided urine samples), the multiplex immunoassay noted an elevation of our bladder cancer-associated signature as early as 18 months prior to the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer and an actual positive immunoassay in all 20 subjects at 12 months prior to the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer. Trial Design: This is a single arm pilot study evaluating the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study monitoring a high-risk population for the development of bladder cancer. Note–This pilot study is design to determine feasibility of recruiting, retaining, and testing a very high-risk cohort in hopes of noting a positive signal from our test. The subsequent definitive study would be expanded to include woman >50 years of age. Eligibility Criteria: Participants must be age 50 years or older, males, >30 pack year history of tobacco exposure, free of any malignancy, willing and able to give written informed consent, willing to provide voided urine sample, and able and willing to complete annual research clinic visits for 4 years. Trial Objectives: 1) To assess the ability to recruit and retain an appropriate high-risk group of subjects into a 4-year longitudinal study monitoring them for the development of bladder cancer. 2) To report the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex immunoassay ability to detect bladder cancer in patients with high risk of developing bladder cancer: males, >50 years and >30 pack year history of tobacco exposure. 3) To develop a prediction risk calculator from this cohort using cutting edge machine learning techniques (e.g., random forest) incorporating biomarker data and clinical data. Accrual: The target enrollment is approximately 150 patients. Citation Format: Hideki Furuya, Charles J. Rosser. A novel multiplex immunoassay for the early detection of bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P032.
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Heer, Rakesh, Rebecca Lewis, Anne Duncan, Steven Penegar, Thenmalar Vadiveloo, Emma Clark, Ge Yu i in. "Photodynamic versus white-light-guided resection of first-diagnosis non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: PHOTO RCT". Health Technology Assessment 26, nr 40 (październik 2022): 1–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/plpu1526.
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Background Around 7500 people are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the UK annually. Recurrence following transurethral resection of bladder tumour is common, and the intensive monitoring schedule required after initial treatment has associated costs for patients and the NHS. In photodynamic diagnosis, before transurethral resection of bladder tumour, a photosensitiser that is preferentially absorbed by tumour cells is instilled intravesically. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour is then conducted under blue light, causing the photosensitiser to fluoresce. Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour offers better diagnostic accuracy than standard white-light-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour, potentially reducing the chance of subsequent recurrence. Objective The objective was to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Design This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, parallel-group, non-masked, superiority randomised controlled trial. Allocation was by remote web-based service, using a 1 : 1 ratio and a minimisation algorithm balanced by centre and sex. Setting The setting was 22 NHS hospitals. Participants Patients aged ≥ 16 years with a suspected first diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, no contraindications to photodynamic diagnosis and written informed consent were eligible. Interventions Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour and standard white-light cystoscopy transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Main outcome measures The primary clinical outcome measure was the time to recurrence from the date of randomisation to the date of pathologically proven first recurrence (or intercurrent bladder cancer death). The primary health economic outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained at 3 years. Results We enrolled 538 participants from 22 UK hospitals between 11 November 2014 and 6 February 2018. Of these, 269 were allocated to photodynamic diagnosis and 269 were allocated to white light. A total of 112 participants were excluded from the analysis because of ineligibility (n = 5), lack of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosis following transurethral resection of bladder tumour (n = 89) or early cystectomy (n = 18). In total, 209 photodynamic diagnosis and 217 white-light participants were included in the clinical end-point analysis population. All randomised participants were included in the cost-effectiveness analysis. Over a median follow-up period of 21 months for the photodynamic diagnosis group and 22 months for the white-light group, there were 86 recurrences (3-year recurrence-free survival rate 57.8%, 95% confidence interval 50.7% to 64.2%) in the photodynamic diagnosis group and 84 recurrences (3-year recurrence-free survival rate 61.6%, 95% confidence interval 54.7% to 67.8%) in the white-light group (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.28; p = 0.70). Adverse event frequency was low and similar in both groups [12 (5.7%) in the photodynamic diagnosis group vs. 12 (5.5%) in the white-light group]. At 3 years, the total cost was £12,881 for photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour and £12,005 for white light. There was no evidence of differences in the use of health services or total cost at 3 years. At 3 years, the quality-adjusted life-years gain was 2.094 in the photodynamic diagnosis transurethral resection of bladder tumour group and 2.087 in the white light group. The probability that photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour was cost-effective was never > 30% over the range of society’s cost-effectiveness thresholds. Limitations Fewer patients than anticipated were correctly diagnosed with intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer before transurethral resection of bladder tumour and the ratio of intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was higher than expected, reducing the number of observed recurrences and the statistical power. Conclusions Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour did not reduce recurrences, nor was it likely to be cost-effective compared with white light at 3 years. Photodynamic diagnosis-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumour is not supported in the management of primary intermediate- to high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Future work Further work should include the modelling of appropriate surveillance schedules and exploring predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN84013636. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Zhang, Zhen, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Makito Miyake, Ian Pagano, Takuto Shimizu, Sergei Tikhonenkov, Sunao Tanaka, Charles J. Rosser, Steve Goodison i Hideki Furuya. "Abstract A072: Oncuria®-Monitor, a non-invasive test for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer: Cross sectional performance evaluation from a multicenter study". Clinical Cancer Research 30, nr 21_Supplement (13.11.2024): A072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.liqbiop24-a072.
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Abstract Up to 70% of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) experience disease recurrence, making it one of the most prevalent cancers in the US. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of Oncuria®-Monitor, a multiplex urinary biomarker assay for the monitoring of voided urine for recurrent bladder cancer. This cross-sectional, multicenter study included a total of 283 subjects with a history of bladder cancer. Voided urine specimens were collected prior to any procedures for multiplex analysis. The diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was assessed using receiver operator curves (ROC) and descriptive statistical values (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and compared with the patients’ clinical data and final diagnosis as defined by the results of cystoscopy. Oncuria®-Monitor achieved an overall sensitivity of 94.3%, specificity of 83.6% and negative predictive valuer (NPV) of 96.2% for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer. Patient summary: We conducted a large cross-sectional clinical study for detecting recurrent bladder cancer with a novel, simple urine test (Oncuria®- Monitor), which measures 10 bladder cancer associated proteins in a single voided urine and can be used to detect recurrent bladder cancer. We analyzed urines from 283 patients and demonstrated that Oncuria®-Monitor can detect recurrent bladder cancer with a high degree of accuracy, specifically in patients with high grade or high stage disease. In conclusion, the novel Oncuria®-Monitor urine test can be used to surveil patients with a history of bladder cancer. Citation Format: Zhen Zhang, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Makito Miyake, Ian Pagano, Takuto Shimizu, Sergei Tikhonenkov, Sunao Tanaka, Charles J Rosser, Steve Goodison, Hideki Furuya. Oncuria®-Monitor, a non-invasive test for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer: Cross sectional performance evaluation from a multicenter study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr A072.
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Lepara, Zahid, Orhan Lepara, Almir Fajkić, Damir Rebić, Jasmin Alić i Hajrudin Spahović. "Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a potential biomarker of cancer progression for patients with bladder cancer". Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 58, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2020-0008.
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AbstractIntroduction. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system. Recent research tends to emphasize the role of oxidative stress products in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer. The level of oxidative stress can be measured by assessing the MDA levels. This study aimed to evaluate serum MDA levels in patients with bladder cancer, as well as to determine its potential role as a biomarker in the diagnosis of the disease and progression risk considerations.Methods. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study and included 90 patients, divided into three groups with 30 patients each: Ta, T1and T2–T4 group, based on histopathological findings after transurethral resection of the tumor. The control group included 30 healthy volunteers. MDA level was determined using the spectrophotometric method.Results. Serum MDA level in patients with bladder cancer [0.86 (0.78–1.05) μmol/L] was significantly higher than the serum MDA level in control group [0.70 (0.69–0.72) μmol/L] (p < 0.001). Serum MDA level in Ta group [0.73 (0.70–1.05) μmol/L], T1 group [0.85 (0.80–1.12) μmol/L] and in T2–T4 group [0.91 (0.84–1.04) μmol/L] was significantly higher than the serum MDA level in control group [0.70 (0.69–0.72) μmol/L] (p < 0.01). MDA level in T1 and T2–T4 group was significantly higher than the MDA level in Ta group (p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in MDA level between T1 and T2–T4 group (p = NS). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between tumor size and serum MDA level in patients with bladder cancer (rho = 0.254 p < 0.01).Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that MDA serum level might play a significant role as a biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, as well as in the monitoring of its progression.
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Zhang, Hongshuo, Yue Fan, Lingling Xia, Chunhui Gao, Xin Tong, Hanfu Wang, Lili Sun i in. "The impact of advanced proteomics in the search for markers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer". Tumor Biology 39, nr 3 (marzec 2017): 101042831769118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317691183.
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Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors are known to contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, many of which produce molecules that serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, urine, and tissue are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be derived from either the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the high-throughput profiling of data generated from bladder cancer–related proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a wealth of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, the transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another remains the main disadvantage of these methods, a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization. This review summarizes the latest discoveries and progress of biomarker identification for the early diagnosis, projected prognosis, and therapeutic response of bladder cancer, informs the readers of the current status of proteomic-based biomarker findings, and suggests avenues for future work.
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Wang, Zhi-Yong, Hong-Yang Li, Hao Wang, Qiang Chi, Ying Liu i Xiu-Ming Li. "Bladder Cancer–Specific Nuclear Matrix Proteins-4 May Be a Potential Biomarker for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Detection". Disease Markers 2018 (10.09.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5609395.
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Aims. Bladder cancer–specific nuclear matrix protein-4 (BLCA-4) is a protein expressed mainly in bladder cancer tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate its assisting diagnostic potential in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods. Twenty patients with NMIBC, 20 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 20 normal controls were included in this study. Blood and urine samples were collected from all patients. Moreover, cancer foci and adjacent tissue samples were collected from NMIBC patients, and normal bladder tissue samples were collected from patients with BPH. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the BLCA-4 level in serum and urine, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine BLCA-4 expression in bladder cancer, adjacent, and normal tissues. Results. Median urinary BLCA-4 levels in the NMIBC, BPH, and normal control groups were 0.759 ng/mL, 0.309 ng/mL, and 0.171 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary BLCA-4 level was significantly higher in the NMIBC group than in the other 2 groups (P<0.01); meanwhile, the BPH group was higher than the normal control group (P<0.05). Median serum BLCA-4 levels in the NMIBC, BPH, and normal control groups were 5.680 ng/mL, 5.928 ng/mL, and 5.473 ng/mL, respectively, showing no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. As a new marker of bladder cancer, urinary BLCA-4 level detection might apply for clinical diagnosis or postoperative monitoring for NMIBC.
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Christensen, Emil, Karin Birkenkamp-Demtröder, Himanshu Sethi, Svetlana Shchegrova, Raheleh Salari, Iver Nordentoft, Hsin-Ta Wu i in. "Early Detection of Metastatic Relapse and Monitoring of Therapeutic Efficacy by Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Patients With Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma". Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 18 (20.06.2019): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.02052.
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PURPOSE Novel sensitive methods for early detection of relapse and for monitoring therapeutic efficacy may have a huge impact on risk stratification, treatment, and ultimately outcome for patients with bladder cancer. We addressed the prognostic and predictive impact of ultra-deep sequencing of cell-free DNA in patients before and after cystectomy and during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 68 patients with localized advanced bladder cancer. Patient-specific somatic mutations, identified by whole-exome sequencing, were used to assess circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by ultra-deep sequencing (median, 105,000×) of plasma DNA. Plasma samples (n = 656) were procured at diagnosis, during chemotherapy, before cystectomy, and during surveillance. Expression profiling was performed for tumor subtype and immune signature analyses. RESULTS Presence of ctDNA was highly prognostic at diagnosis before chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 29.1; P = .001). After cystectomy, ctDNA analysis correctly identified all patients with metastatic relapse during disease monitoring (100% sensitivity, 98% specificity). A median lead time over radiographic imaging of 96 days was observed. In addition, for high-risk patients (ctDNA positive before or during treatment), the dynamics of ctDNA during chemotherapy was associated with disease recurrence ( P = .023), whereas pathologic downstaging was not. Analysis of tumor-centric biomarkers showed that mutational processes (signature 5) were associated with pathologic downstaging ( P = .024); however, no significant correlation for tumor subtypes, DNA damage response mutations, and other biomarkers was observed. Our results suggest that ctDNA analysis is better associated with treatment efficacy compared with other available methods. CONCLUSION ctDNA assessment for early risk stratification, therapy monitoring, and early relapse detection in bladder cancer is feasible and provides a basis for clinical studies that evaluate early therapeutic interventions.
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Lodewijk, Iris, Marta Dueñas, Carolina Rubio, Ester Munera-Maravilla, Cristina Segovia, Alejandra Bernardini, Alicia Teijeira, Jesús M. Paramio i Cristian Suárez-Cabrera. "Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: A Current Need for Patient Diagnosis and Monitoring". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, nr 9 (24.08.2018): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092514.
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Bladder Cancer (BC) represents a clinical and social challenge due to its high incidence and recurrence rates, as well as the limited advances in effective disease management. Currently, a combination of cytology and cystoscopy is the routinely used methodology for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. However, both the poor sensitivity of cytology tests as well as the high invasiveness and big variation in tumour stage and grade interpretation using cystoscopy, emphasizes the urgent need for improvements in BC clinical guidance. Liquid biopsy represents a new non-invasive approach that has been extensively studied over the last decade and holds great promise. Even though its clinical use is still compromised, multiple studies have recently focused on the potential application of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for BC, including circulating tumour cells and DNA, RNAs, proteins and peptides, metabolites and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the different types of biomarkers, their potential use in liquid biopsy and clinical applications in BC.
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Hu, Xinfeng, Yufan Xue i Guodong Zhu. "Clinical Characteristics and Current Status of Treatment for Recurrent Bladder Cancer after Surgeries on Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma". Diagnostics 13, nr 5 (6.03.2023): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13051004.
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Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare, but highly malignant, disease with an estimated annual incidence of 2 cases per 100,000 people. The main surgical treatment modalities for UTUC are radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff resection. After surgery, intravesical recurrence (IVR) can occur in up to 47% of patients, and 75% of them present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, there are few studies focused on the diagnosis and treatment of postoperatively recurrent bladder cancer for patients with previous UTUC history (UTUC-BC), and many of the influencing factors are still controversial. In this article, we performed a narrative review of the recent literature, mainly summarizing the factors influencing postoperative IVR in patients with UTUC and discussing the subsequent prevention, monitoring, and treatment tools for it.
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Reynolds, Thomas, Gregory Riddick, Gregory Meyers, Maxie Gordon, Gabriela Vanessa Flores Monar, David Moon i Chulso Moon. "Results Obtained from a Pivotal Validation Trial of a Microsatellite Analysis (MSA) Assay for Bladder Cancer Detection through a Statistical Approach Using a Four-Stage Pipeline of Modern Machine Learning Techniques". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 1 (29.12.2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010472.
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Several studies have shown that microsatellite changes can be profiled in urine for the detection of bladder cancer. The use of microsatellite analysis (MSA) for bladder cancer detection requires a comprehensive analysis of as many as 15 to 20 markers, based on the amplification and interpretations of many individual MSA markers, and it can be technically challenging. Here, to develop fast, more efficient, standardized, and less costly MSA for the detection of bladder cancer, we developed three multiplex-polymerase-chain-reaction-(PCR)-based MSA assays, all of which were analyzed via a genetic analyzer. First, we selected 16 MSA markers based on 9 selected publications. Based on samples from Johns Hopkins University (the JHU sample, the first set sample), we developed an MSA based on triplet, three-tube-based multiplex PCR (a Triplet MSA assay). The discovery, validation, and translation of biomarkers for the early detection of cancer are the primary focuses of the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN), an initiative of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). A prospective study sponsored by the EDRN was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a novel set of MSA markers for the early detection of bladder cancer. This work and data analysis were performed through a collaboration between academics and industry partners. In the current study, we undertook a re-analysis of the primary data from the Compass study to enhance the predictive power of the dataset in bladder cancer diagnosis. Using a four-stage pipeline of modern machine learning techniques, including outlier removal with a nonlinear model, correcting for majority/minority class imbalance, feature engineering, and the use of a model-derived variable importance measure to select predictors, we were able to increase the utility of the original dataset to predict the occurrence of bladder cancer. The results of this analysis showed an increase in accuracy (85%), sensitivity (82%), and specificity (83%) compared to the original analysis. The re-analysis of the EDRN study results using machine learning statistical analysis proved to achieve an appropriate level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to support the use of the MSA for bladder cancer detection and monitoring. This assay can be a significant addition to the tools urologists use to both detect primary bladder cancers and monitor recurrent bladder cancer.
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Wu, Peng, Ziyi Cao i Song Wu. "New Progress of Epigenetic Biomarkers in Urological Cancer". Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9864047.
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Urological cancers consist of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testis cancers and they are generally silenced at their early stage, which leads to the loss of the best opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. Desired biomarkers are scarce for urological cancers and current biomarkers are lack of specificity and sensitivity. Epigenetic alterations are characteristic of nearly all kinds of human malignances including DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA regulation. Besides, the detection of these epigenetic conditions is easily accessible especially for urine, best target for monitoring the diseases of urinary system. Here, we summarize some new progress about epigenetic biomarkers in urological cancers, hoping to provide new thoughts for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of urological cancers.
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Burchardt, Martin, Tatjana Burchardt, Ahmad Shabsigh, Alexandre De La Taille, Mitchell C. Benson i Ihor Sawczuk. "Current Concepts in Biomarker Technology for Bladder Cancers". Clinical Chemistry 46, nr 5 (1.05.2000): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.5.595.
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Abstract Background: Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. More than 70% of treated tumors recur, and 30% of recurrent tumors progress. Currently, pathologic staging and grading are valuable prognostic factors for detecting and monitoring TCC. Urinalysis, cystoscopy, and cytology are either invasive or lack sensitivity and specificity. The availability of a noninvasive, reliable, and simple test would greatly improve the detection and monitoring of patients with TCC. Several biomarkers for bladder cancer have been proposed, but no single marker has emerged as the test of choice. Approach: We undertook a comprehensive literature search using Medline to identify all publications from 1980 to 1999. Articles that discussed potential biomarkers for TCC were screened. Only compounds that demonstrated high sensitivity or specificity, significant correlation with TCC diagnosis and staging, and extensive investigation were included in this review. Content: Potential biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis include nuclear matrix protein, fibrin/fibrinogen product, bladder tumor antigen, blood group-related antigens, tumor-associated antigens, proliferating antigens, oncogenes, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and cell cycle regulatory proteins. The properties of the biomarkers and the methods for detecting or quantifying them are presented. Their sensitivities and specificities for detecting and monitoring disease were 54–100% and 61–97%, respectively, compared with 20–40% and 90% for urinalysis and cytology. Summary: Although urine cytology and cystoscopy are still the standard of practice, many candidate biomarkers for TCC are emerging and being adopted into clinical practice. Further research and better understanding of the biology of bladder cancer, improved diagnostic techniques, and standardized interpretation are essential steps to develop reliable biomarkers. It is possible that using the current biomarkers as an adjuvant modality will improve our ability to diagnose and monitor bladder cancer.
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Ke, Chunjin, Zhiquan Hu i Chunguang Yang. "UroVysionTM Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Urological Cancers: A Narrative Review and Future Perspectives". Cancers 14, nr 21 (3.11.2022): 5423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215423.
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UroVysionTM is a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that was developed for the detection of bladder cancer (UC accounted for 90%) in urine specimens. It consists of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and to the 9p21 band location of the P16 tumor suppressor gene, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001 and 2005, respectively, for urine detection in patients with suspected bladder cancer and postoperative recurrence monitoring. Furthermore, recent studies also demonstrated that U-FISH was useful for assessing superficial bladder cancer patients’ response to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy and in detecting upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, positive U-FISH was well known to urologists as a molecular cytogenetic technique for the detection of UC. However, with the continuous enrichment of clinical studies at home and abroad, U-FISH has shown a broader application space in the detection of various urinary primary tumors and even metastatic tumors. This review focuses on summarizing the research status of U-FISH in UC, non-urothelial carcinoma and metastatic tumor, so as to strengthen urologists’ more comprehensive understanding of the application value of U-FISH and better complete the accurate diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers.
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Kim, Youngkyu, Woo June Choi, Jungmin Oh i Jun Ki Kim. "Compact Smartphone-Based Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Endoscope Device for Point-of-Care Blood Flow Monitoring". Biosensors 12, nr 6 (9.06.2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12060398.
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Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful visualization tool for quantifying blood flow in tissues, providing simplicity of configuration, ease of use, and intuitive results. With recent advancements, smartphone and camera technologies are suitable for the development of smartphone-based LSCI applications for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. A smartphone-based portable LSCI endoscope system was validated for POC diagnosis of vascular disorders. The endoscope consisted of compact LED and laser illumination, imaging optics, and a flexible fiberscope assembled in a 3D-printed hand-held cartridge for access to body cavities and organs. A smartphone’s rear camera was mounted thereto, enabling endoscopy, LSCI image acquisition, and processing. Blood flow imaging was calibrated in a perfused tissue phantom consisting of a microparticle solution pumped at known rates through tissue-mimicking gel and validated in a live rat model of BBN-induced bladder cancer. Raw LSCI images successfully visualized phantom flow: speckle flow index showed linearity with the pump flow rate. In the rat model, healthy and cancerous bladders were distinguishable in structure and vasculature. The smartphone-based low-cost portable mobile endoscope for monitoring blood flow and perfusion shows promise for preclinical applications and may be suitable for primary diagnosis at home or as a cost-effective POC testing assay.
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Tanariyakul, Manasawee, Sakditad Saowapa, Natchaya Polpichai, Chalothorn Wannaphut, Pitchaporn Yingchoncharoen, Jerapas Thongpiya, Pharit Siladech i in. "Kidney outcomes in patients with bladder cancer: Insights from real-world data—A National Inpatient Sample (NIS) study, 2020." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2024): e16622-e16622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e16622.
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e16622 Background: Bladder cancer constitutes a notable etiological factor in kidney disease, precipitating acute kidney injuries (AKI) through mechanisms such as post-renal obstruction, with the potential for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the correlation between bladder cancer and the manifestation of acute or chronic kidney disease across various stages, with a focus on hospitalized patients undergoing treatment for bladder cancer. Methods: The 2020 United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was subjected to analysis in this study. We focused on adult patients (≥18 years) with a primary discharge diagnosis of bladder cancer, specifically those who were hospitalized for cancer and presented with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury or diverse stages of chronic kidney disease, as identified through pertinent ICD-10 CM codes. Utilizing survey multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) to assess the outcomes of interest. A p-value of <0.05 was deemed statistically significant in this analytical framework. Results: In 2020, 81,995 eligible patients were identified, with 75.62% being male. The ethnic distribution was 81% Caucasian, 8% Black, 5% Mexican American, and 2% Asian. Using a multivariable regression model adjusting for patient and hospital-level factors, bladder cancer showed a significant association with acute kidney injury (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.85-2.00, P < 0.001) and all stages of chronic kidney disease (OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.58-1.74, P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed no significant association with early CKD stages 1 and 2 (P = 0.25 and 0.26), but a notable association with increased risk for CKD stages 3 and 4 (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.37-1.52, P < 0.001) and (OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.56-1.83, P < 0.001), respectively. Intriguingly, bladder cancer displayed a negative association with CKD stage 5 (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.78, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In summary, our study reveals that bladder cancer in hospitalized cancer patients is linked to increased risks of acute kidney injury (AKI), CKD stages 3 and 4, and a decreased risk of CKD stage 5. Vigilant kidney function monitoring is crucial during cancer hospitalization, given the elevated risk of worsening function. Proactive interventions are necessary to address kidney-related complications. Further longitudinal cohort studies are warranted to enhance our understanding and devise strategies to reduce the risk of CKD in individuals with bladder cancer.
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Hudson, MʼLiss A. "Prognostic factors and new methods for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with superficial bladder cancer". Current Opinion in Urology 3, nr 5 (październik 1993): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042307-199310000-00013.
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Abe, Masakazu, Hayato Hiraki, Takashi Tsuyukubo, Sadahide Ono, Shigekatsu Maekawa, Daichi Tamura, Daiki Ikarashi i in. "Abstract 3326: The clinical validity of urinary pellet DNA monitoring of recurrent bladder cancer". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3326.
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Abstract Introduction: Approximately half of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) recur after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), whereas conventional urological testing for bladder cancer (BC) patients has been considered invasive and with low sensitivity. Our previous reports have shown that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitored by digital PCR (dPCR) can predict relapse and evaluate treatment efficacy in digestive tract cancers. In BC patients, tumor-derived genetic mutations detected in urinary DNA are expected to be a diagnostic biomarker. This study evaluates the clinical validity of monitoring tumor-specific gene mutations in ctDNA and urine pellet DNA (upDNA) using dPCR as a biomarker for early relapse prediction and determination of treatment efficacy. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two previously treated and untreated BC patients were enrolled. Tumor DNA was extracted from archived TURBT tissues, and gene mutation analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of tumors was performed to select patient-unique somatic mutations for both ctDNA and upDNA monitoring by dPCR. Longitudinal variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of ctDNA and upDNA were monitored by dPCR for up to two years. While dPCR is rapid and has a high sensitivity of less than 0.1% VAF, a mutation-specific primer/probe set is required. Therefore, we established over 1,000 primer/probe sets for frequent mutations in human cancer. This large-scale dPCR primer/probe library allow us to select patient specific mutations for immediate ctDNA monitoring. Clinical recurrence (Crec) based on imaging and urinary cell findings are compared with VAF dynamics of ctDNA and upDNA. Results: The median observation period was 516 days (30-733), and a total of 230 urine samples were collected. The selection of monitoring mutations based on NGS analysis was performed in 93.8% (30/32) cases, with 2.3 (range: 1-6) mutations monitored per case. The primer/probe sets covered 87.5% (28/32) of cases and 87.5% (42/48) of mutations. The VAFs of the upDNA of cases started showing constantly increasing trends 3-12 months earlier than the diagnosis of Crec in 71.4% (5/7) of the cases. The other two Crec cases, which did not show an elevated upVAF, were both pyuria cases. After local treatment, the upDNA VAFs remained high in the Crec cases. Conventional Crec did not seem to be fully reflected by ctDNA alone. Conclusion: Frequent VAF monitoring using upDNA by dPCR enables the prediction of local relapse and the evaluation of treatment efficacy in the management of BC patients. Citation Format: Masakazu Abe, Hayato Hiraki, Takashi Tsuyukubo, Sadahide Ono, Shigekatsu Maekawa, Daichi Tamura, Daiki Ikarashi, Renpei Kato, Tomohiko Matsuura, Mitsugu Kanehira, Ryo Takata, Hiromitsu Fujisawa, Takeshi Iwaya, Masashi Idogawa, Wataru Obara, Satoshi S. Nishizuka. The clinical validity of urinary pellet DNA monitoring of recurrent bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3326.
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Sturgeon, Catharine M., Michael J. Duffy, Barry R. Hofmann, Rolf Lamerz, Herbert A. Fritsche, Katja Gaarenstroom, Johannes Bonfrer i in. "National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Liver, Bladder, Cervical, and Gastric Cancers". Clinical Chemistry 56, nr 6 (1.06.2010): e1-e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.133124.
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Abstract Background: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been developed. Methods: Published reports relevant to use of tumor markers for 4 cancer sites—liver, bladder, cervical, and gastric—were critically reviewed. Results: α-Fetoprotein (AFP) may be used in conjunction with abdominal ultrasound for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B or C virus infection. AFP concentrations >200 μg/L in cirrhotic patients with typical hypervascular lesions >2 cm in size are consistent with HCC. After a diagnosis of HCC, posttreatment monitoring with AFP is recommended as an adjunct to imaging, especially in the absence of measurable disease. Although several urine markers have been proposed for bladder cancer, none at present can replace routine cystoscopy and cytology in the management of patients with this malignancy. Some may, however, be used as complementary adjuncts to direct more effective use of clinical procedures. Although carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 have been proposed for use gastric cancer and squamous cell carcinoma antigen for use in cervical cancer, none of these markers can currently be recommended for routine clinical use. Conclusions: Implementation of these recommendations should encourage optimal use of tumor markers for patients with liver, bladder, cervical, or gastric cancers.
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Glosser, Logan D., Brandon S. Zakeri, Conner V. Lombardi i Obi O. Ekwenna. "Conservative Management of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Patient". Case Reports in Transplantation 2022 (29.05.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5373414.
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Introduction. Solid organ transplant increases the risk for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Although a common tumor, urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder in patients with kidney-pancreas transplants is scarcely reported. Case Presentation. A 65-year-old male with history of type 1 diabetes and a 14-year status post deceased donor pancreas-kidney transplant presented with 3 weeks of gross hematuria. CT scan showed multiple bladder masses. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) showed papillary UCC. 5 months later, the patient reported new-onset gross hematuria. TURBT showed MIBC. The patient elected for bladder-preserving TMT. On cystoscopy there was no gross evidence of carcinoma at 3.5 years of follow up. Discussion. Currently, no specific management guidelines target this population with MIBC. The first-line treatment for MIBC is radical cystectomy (RC) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For patients that are medically unfit or unwilling to undergo RC, trimodal therapy (TMT) is an alternative. TMT for bladder cancer consists of complete tumor resection with chemotherapy and radiation. This report demonstrates a unique case of a patient with kidney-pancreas transplant diagnosed with MIBC treated with TMT that has no evidence of gross tumorigenesis at 3.5 years after diagnosis. Our findings suggest that trimodal therapy should be considered for treatment of MIBC in patients with kidney-pancreatic transplants to preserve the donated allografts.
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Rossi, Raffaella, Miriam Lichtner, Francesco Iori, Angela Ermocida, Claudia Mascia, Fabio Mengoni, Ilaria Sauzullo, Danilo Dini, Claudio M. Mastroianni i Vincenzo Vullo. "Dendritic cells in blood and urine samples from bladder cancer patients undergoing BCG immunotherapy". Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 85, nr 4 (31.12.2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2013.4.157.
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Objectives: Immunotherapy with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor represents a highly effective primary treatment for intermediate and high-risk superficial bladder cancer. The effectiveness of this therapy has been documented, but its mechanism of action is not clear yet. In the present study, we investigated the changes of dendritic cells (DC) numbers in peripheral blood and urine of patients with superficial bladder cancer undergoing BCG intravescical therapy Material and method: We have enumerated plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs in the peripheral blood and in the urine of patients with bladder cancer in order to clarify the role of these cells in the evolution of the disease and the effect of therapy. DCs in blood and urine samples were assessed using the single-platform TruCOUNT assay with monoclonal antibodies. The study population included 37 healthy donors and 13 patients with diagnosis of primitive superficial bladder cancer. Results: At the time of diagnosis a reduction of blood DCs was found in patients as opposed to healthy donors, while DCs were not found in the urine in the same way as in healthy subjects. Six of these patients were followed before and after weekly and monthly instillations of BCG. In the peripheral blood, we observed an immunological recovery of DCs from the third weekly instillation up to the sixth. In the urine of patients, we didn’t find mDCs or pDCs at T0, but we found a statistically significant change from the third instillation up to the sixth. On the contrary, we didn’t find mDCs in urine during monthly instillation. Conclusions: DC Count could be used in the monitoring of patients undergoing BCG therapy. Immunological restoration of mDC numbers in peripheral blood and the efflux in urine could be important for confirming the effectiveness of BCG instillation.
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T.V., Ishchuk, Glavachek D.O., Savchuk O.M., Yakovlev P.G., Falaleeva T.M., Beregova T.V. i Ostapchenko L.I. "Plasma levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 in urinary bladder cancer patients". Biomedical Research and Therapy 5, nr 1 (23.01.2018): 1931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i1.407.
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Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve survival of patients. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive urinary bladder cancer, a large number of tumor markers have been identified and strictly assessed. Some of the best candidates as predictive markers in oncologic diseases belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The main focus of investigation in this study was on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) as plasma biomarkers in patients with urinary bladder cancer (depending on tumor stage).
Methods: Plasma levels of MMP-9 were significantly higher in all patients with UBC compared to control subjects. The plasma level of MMP-8 in Stage III UBC patients was 1.2 times higher than in control group. The plasma level of MMP-3 was higher in patients with bladder cancer of Stage I, II or III (compared to control subjects). Moreover, high plasma levels of TIMP-1 were observed in patients with UBC stages III and IV.
Results: Overall, the measurements of circulating blood levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 are progressively dissimilar among the various groups (UBC versus control subjects). Thus, changes in MMP levels may be used for monitoring and/or predicting progression of UBC.
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Carrasco, Raquel, Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres, Ascensión Gómez, Ramón Trullas, Fiorella L. Roldán, Tarek Ajami, Davinia Moreno i in. "Cell-Free DNA as a Prognostic Biomarker for Monitoring Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 19 (3.10.2022): 11732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911732.
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Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently emerged as a real-time biomarker for diagnosis, monitoring and prediction of therapy response in tumoral disease. Here, we evaluated cfDNA as a prognostic biomarker for monitoring muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at different follow-up time points. Blood samples from 37 MIBC patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) were collected at cystectomy and 1, 4, 12 and 24 months later. Plasma cfDNA amount and fragmentation patterns were determined. Four mutations were analyzed in cfDNA to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during patient follow-up. During a median follow-up of 36 months, 46% of patients progressed; median time to progression was 10 months. cfDNA levels and ctDNA status four months after RC were identified as independent prognostic biomarkers of tumor progression (HR 5.290; p = 0.033) and cancer-specific survival (HR 4.199; p = 0.038), respectively. Furthermore, ctDNA clearance four months after RC was significantly associated with patients’ clinical outcomes. In conclusion, cfDNA levels and ctDNA status four months after RC have prognostic implications in MIBC patients. In addition, cfDNA monitoring is useful to predict patient outcomes after RC. cfDNA analysis in the clinical setting could greatly improve MIBC patient management.
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Zaitsava, L. P., D. M. Los, V. N. Beliakovski, V. V. Pohozhay i E. A. Nadyrov. "Liquid technology in the cytological diagnosis of bladder pathology". Health and Ecology Issues 18, nr 4 (30.12.2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-4-8.
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Objective. To study the effectiveness of liquid cytological diagnosis of bladder cancer and its local relapses using the Cellprep Plus technology as an example.Materials and methods. We analyzed outpatient records of patients with urothelial pathology (n = 806) who underwent a urine cytology exam by the methods of liquid (n = 383) and conventional (n = 423) cytology.Results. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the cytological examination method for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma using the method of liquid cytology have been found to be 93.4 % and 95.4 % respectively, which significantly exceeds the similar indices in the use of the method of conventional cytology – 42.4 % and 93.6 % respectively. The use of the method of liquid cytology considerably increases the accuracy of the cytological examination of bladder pathology and allows obtaining conclusions that coincide with the histological conclusion in 94.0 % of cases. In the use of the method of conventional cytology, the coincidence with histological findings is only 44.6 % (χ2 = 25.08, p < 0.001).Conclusion. The Cellprep Plus liquid technology standardizes the pre-analytical stage and increases the efficiency of the cytological method in the primary diagnosis and monitoring of patients with urothelial pathology. A promising direction of using the method of liquid cytology in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma is the development and implementation of the cytological criteria of differential diagnosis between reactive cell atypia and atypia characteristic of a malignant tumor.
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Liu, H., T. Lin, W. He, B. Wang, K. Xu, J. Han, J. Zheng i J. Huang. "Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer utilizing high-throughput genome sequencing on urine sediment". European Urology Supplements 16, nr 3 (marzec 2017): e200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(17)30188-4.
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Miyake, Makito, Steve Goodison, Myron Chang, Yunfeng Dai, Virginia Urquidi i Charles Joel Rosser. "A multi-analyte assay for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, nr 6_suppl (20.02.2013): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.306.
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306 Background: Accurate urinary assays for bladder cancer (BCa) detection would benefit both patients and healthcare systems. Through genomic and proteomic profiling of urine components, we have previously identified a panel of biomarkers that can outperform current urine-based biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of BCa. Herein, we report the diagnostic utility of various multivariate combinations of these biomarkers. Methods: We performed a case-controlled validation study in which voided urines from 550 patients (220 tumor bearing subjects) were analyzed. The urinary concentrations of 14 biomarkers (IL-8, MMP-9,MMP-10, SDC1,CCL18, PAI-1, CD44, VEGF, ANG, CA9,A1AT, OPN, PTX3, and APOE) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic performance of each biomarker and multivariate models were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and the chi-square test. Results: An 3-biomarker model (CA9, PAI-1 and IL-8) achieved the most accurate BCa diagnosis (sensitivity 90%, specificity 88%). These data show that a multivariate urine-based assay can markedly improve the accuracy of non-invasive BCa detection. Conclusions: Further validation studies are under way to investigate the clinical utility of this panel of biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Ke, Hongying, Dandan Qiu i Zhicheng Cong. "Prognosis Analysis and Perioperative Research of Elderly Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer under Computed Tomography Image of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm". Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (6.06.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6168528.
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To analyze the application value of computed tomography (CT) based on a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm in perioperative nursing research and prognosis analysis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), a retrospective study was performed on 124 patients with NMIBC who underwent surgical treatment in the hospital. All patients underwent CT examination based on the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm before surgery, and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed. The patients receiving conventional care were classified as the control group, and those receiving comprehensive care were classified as the case group, and the recovery status and recurrence of the two groups were compared. The results showed that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of CT imaging information based on the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for NMIBC patients were 89.38, 93.77, and 84.39, respectively. The incidence of bladder spasm (9.68%), bladder flushing time (1.56 d), and retention of drainage tube time (2.68 d) in the case group were obviously lower compared with the control group (30.65%, 2.32 d, and 5.19 d) ( P < 0.05). Serum BLCA-1 (3.72 ng/mL) and CYFRA21-1 (5.68 μg/mL) in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with a statistically considerable difference ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of role function (89.82 points), emotional function (84.76 points), somatic function (79.23 points), and social function (73.93 points) in the case group were observably higher ( P < 0.05). In addition, one year after the operation, CT examination showed that the recurrence rate in the case group (6.45%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.58%) ( P < 0.05). Therefore, CT detection based on the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm was particularly important for preoperative diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence monitoring of NMIBC patients. It could provide great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of NMIBC.
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Thomson, Alice, Aoife McVey, Brennan Timm i Damien Bolton. "Urogenital Malignancy and Cannabis Use: A Narrative Review". Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 4, nr 1 (13.01.2023): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.48083/ndoj8638.
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Background Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. An increasing number of jurisdictions are legalising cannabis for both medicinal and recreational use. The changing cannabis market has resulted in both an increase in the number of people consuming these compounds, and an increase in the frequency and quantity of cannabis being used. Endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids act on receptors across the entire body including the genitourinary system; however, there is a paucity of understanding of how cannabinoids affect genitourinary malignancy. Objective To present a narrative review of the available literature detailing the relationship between cannabis and the incidence, diagnosis, and management of genitourinary malignancy. Methods A comprehensive search was undertaken using the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to July 2021. Studies included case reports, case series, casecontrol studies, and in vitro studies. Results The search identified 40 studies in total: 8 described the relationship between cannabis and testicular carcinoma, 20 related to prostate cancer, 5 to bladder cancer, 5 to renal cancer, 1 to penile cancer, and 1 study examined testicular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. Conclusions Cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of developing testicular tumours, whilst the evidence for bladder cancer is mixed. There is no apparent increase in risk for prostate cancer, penile cancer, or renal cell carcinoma; however, this evidence was based on a very small number of patients. There remains a lack of understanding of the relationship between cannabis and genitourinary malignancy. With an expected increase in cannabis use, monitoring for testicular tumour plus efforts to further understand its effects upon the genitourinary tract will aid diagnosis and management.