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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Discharges in liquids”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 8 czerwca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Wesołowski, Marcin, Sylwester Tabor, Paweł Kiełbasa, and Sławomir Kurpaska. "Electromagnetic and Thermal Phenomena Modeling of Electrical Discharges in Liquids." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113900.

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Electrical discharges in liquids have received lots of attention with respect to their potential applications in various techniques and technical processes. Exemplary, they are useful for water treatment, chemical and thermal processes acceleration, or nanoparticles production. In this paper the special utility of discharges for cold pasteurization of fruit juices is presented. Development of devices for its implementation is a significant engineering problem and should be performed using modeling and simulation techniques to determine the real parameters of discharges. Unfortunately, there is

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2

Schmidt, Michael, Veronika Hahn, Beke Altrock, et al. "Plasma-Activation of Larger Liquid Volumes by an Inductively-Limited Discharge for Antimicrobial Purposes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102150.

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A new configuration of a discharge chamber and power source for the treatment of up to 1 L of liquid is presented. A leakage transformer, energizing two metal electrodes positioned above the liquid, limits the discharge current inductively by utilizing the weak magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils. No additional means to avoid arcing (electric short-circuiting), e.g., dielectric barriers or resistors, are needed. By using this technique, exceeding the breakdown voltage leads to the formation of transient spark discharges, producing non-thermal plasma (NTP). These discharge

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3

Lebedev, Yuri A. "Microwave Discharges in Liquid Hydrocarbons: Physical and Chemical Characterization." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111678.

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Microwave discharges in dielectric liquids are a relatively new area of plasma physics and plasma application. This review cumulates results on microwave discharges in wide classes of liquid hydrocarbons (alkanes, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons). Methods of microwave plasma generation, composition of gas products and characteristics of solid carbonaceous products are described. Physical and chemical characteristics of discharge are analyzed on the basis of plasma diagnostics and 0D, 1D and 2D simulation.

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4

Kovačević, Vesna V., Goran B. Sretenović, Bratislav M. Obradović, and Milorad M. Kuraica. "Low-temperature plasmas in contact with liquids—a review of recent progress and challenges." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 47 (2022): 473002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac8a56.

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Abstract The study of plasma–liquid interactions has evolved as a new interdisciplinary research field driven by the development of plasma applications for water purification, biomedicine and agriculture. Electrical discharges in contact with liquids are a rich source of reactive species in gas and in liquid phase which can be used to break polluting compounds in water or to induce healing processes in medical applications. An understanding of the fundamental processes in plasma, and of the interaction of plasma with liquid, enables the optimization of plasma chemistry in large-scale plasma de

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5

Lu, Xu, Sen Wang, Renwu Zhou, Zhi Fang, and P. J. Cullen. "Discharge modes and liquid interactions for plasma-bubble discharges." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 7 (2022): 073303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094560.

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Plasma bubbles are regarded as a promising means of interacting plasma discharges and liquids due to their high efficiency in the generation of reactive species. The discharge mode and characteristics are significant factors that should be considered. In this study, the plasmas are initially generated in the gas phase and then driven by the gas flow to diffuse into the solution through the two holes at the lower part of the quartz tube to form plasma bubbles. The discharge modes, characteristics, and plasma–liquid interactions in two different configurations, i.e., bare electrode and dielectri

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6

Kondrat, Oleksandr, and Taras Shumilin. "Electrohydraulic Yutkin effect and electrospark discharges in liquids." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 3 (June 29, 2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.69628/pdogf/3.2023.61.

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Electrospark discharges in liquids are the subject of numerous studies, as they are a source of powerful wave pulses that can be used in various technological processes. One of the first researchers of this phenomenon was L.O. Yutkin, who substantiated and investigated the electrohydraulic effect (EHE). This effect allows to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy of powerful shock waves, which opens up great opportunities for increasing the efficiency of various technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the study of electric spark discharges in liquids, th

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7

Milardovich, N., M. Ferreyra, J. C. Chamorro, and L. Prevosto. "DISCHARGES IN CONTACT WITH LIQUIDS: ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OFA PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE." Anales AFA 33, Fluidos (2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2021.33.fluidos.6.

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The large number of works published in recent years on non-thermal discharges in (and in contact with) liquids, shows the growing interest in this particular field of electric discharges due to the large number of technological applications. In particular, one of the fastest growing emerging applications is the treatment of water, both for its purification and for its activation, with a view to carrying out the indirect treatment of food and seeds with non-thermal discharges; without the addition of chemicals. In this work, the experimental characterization of a corona discharge in contact wit

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8

Milardovich, N., M. Ferreyra, J. C. Chamorro, and L. Prevosto. "DISCHARGES IN CONTACT WITH LIQUIDS: ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE." Anales AFA 33, Special (2022): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2022.fluidos.6.

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The large number of works published in recent years on non-thermal discharges in (and in contact with) liquids, shows the growing interest in this particular field of electric discharges due to the large number of technological applications.In particular, one of the fastest growing emerging applications is the treatment of water, both for its purification andfor its activation, with a view to carrying out the indirect treatment of food and seeds with non-thermal discharges; without the addition of chemicals. In this work, the experimental characterization of a corona discharge in contact with

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9

Nomine, A. V., Thomas Gries, Cédric Noël, et al. "(Invited) Mixing Elements in 2D Nanostructures Grown by Discharges in Liquids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 24 (2024): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01241409mtgabs.

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The synthesis of nanosheets through discharges in liquid nitrogen is observed for certain metals when employed as electrodes [1,2]. Various metals have been examined, with bismuth, lead, or zinc showing a propensity to form nanosheets. Other metals, such as silver or indium, also exhibit sheet formation but with smaller aspect ratios (width/thickness). Mixing metals is not only interesting to create alloys with new properties but also to understand how discharges work to enable the synthesis of these objects. Recently, we demonstrated that these structures can be grown not only in liquid nitro

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10

Korobeynikov, S. M., A. G. Ovsyannikov, A. V. Ridel, et al. "Study of partial discharges in liquids." Journal of Electrostatics 103 (January 2020): 103412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2019.103412.

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11

Thagard, Selma Mededovic, Kazunori Takashima, and Akira Mizuno. "Electrical Discharges in Polar Organic Liquids." Plasma Processes and Polymers 6, no. 11 (2009): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900017.

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12

Babula, E., A. Sierota, S. Zoledziowski, and J. H. Calderwood. "Surface Partial Discharges in Moist Dielectric Liquids." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-20, no. 2 (1985): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1985.348834.

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13

Lebedev, Yu A. "Microwave Discharges in Liquids: Fields of Applications." High Temperature 56, no. 5 (2018): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x18050280.

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14

Herchl, F., K. Marton, L. Tomčo, et al. "Breakdown and partial discharges in magnetic liquids." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 20 (2008): 204110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/20/204110.

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15

Akiyama, H. "Streamer discharges in liquids and their applications." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 7, no. 5 (2000): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/94.879360.

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16

Hamdan, Ahmad. "(Invited) Nanosecond Electrical Discharges in Liquids: Applications in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles, Including Nanoalloys." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 24 (2024): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01241398mtgabs.

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In recent decades, the field of nanotechnology has witnessed rapid growth, fueled by the exceptional physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of nanoscale materials. Nanomaterials have found applications across various domains, including catalysis, drug delivery, microelectronics, and more. Notably, plasma-based methods have emerged as promising avenues for nanomaterial synthesis, offering versatile approaches through both bottom-up and top-down techniques. One particularly innovative area of research is the plasma-liquid system, which has demonstrated remarkable efficiency in

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17

Gamaleev, Vladislav, Naoyuki Iwata, Masaru Hori, Mineo Hiramatsu, and Masafumi Ito. "Direct Treatment of Liquids Using Low-Current Arc in Ambient Air for Biomedical Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (2019): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173505.

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In this work, we developed a portable device with low production and operation costs for generating an ambient air low-current arc (AALCA) that is transferred to the surface of a treated liquid. It was possible to generate a stable discharge, irrespective of the conductivity of the treated liquid, as a sequence of corona, repeating spark, and low-current arc discharges. The estimated concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in plasma-treated water (PTW) produced using AALCA treatment was two orders of magnitude higher than that of PTW produced using conventional He nonequil

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18

Kozioł, Michał. "Energy Distribution of Optical Radiation Emitted by Electrical Discharges in Insulating Liquids." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092172.

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This article presents the results of the analysis of energy distribution of optical radiation emitted by electrical discharges in insulating liquids, such as synthetic ester, natural ester, and mineral oil. The measurements of optical radiation were carried out on a system of needle–needle type electrodes and on a system for surface discharges, which were immersed in brand new insulating liquids. Optical radiation was recorded using optical spectrophotometry method. On the basis of the obtained results, potential possibilities of using the analysis of the energy distribution of optical radiati

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19

Sun, Anbang, Chao Huo, and Jie Zhuang. "Formation mechanism of streamer discharges in liquids: a review." High Voltage 1, no. 2 (2016): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/hve.2016.0016.

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20

Gaysin, A. F., F. M. Gaysin, L. N. Bagautdinova, A. A. Khafizov, R. I. Valiev, and E. V. Gazeeva. "Plasma-electrolyte discharges in a gas-liquid medium for the production of hydrogen." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 2 (2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-27-35.

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THE PURPOSE. Comprehensive study of the effect of direct current electric discharge plasma in a gas-liquid medium of inorganic mixtures in order to obtain gaseous hydrogen. Obtain volt-ampere, volt-second and ampere-second characteristics of the discharge at various concentrations of electrolyte. Study the process of electrolysis, breakdown, discharge ignition and discharge flow in a dielectric tube at a constant current. METHODS. To solve this problem, experimental studies were carried out on a model installation, which consists of a power supply system, a discharge chamber, equipment for mon

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21

Korzec, Dariusz, Florian Hoppenthaler, and Stefan Nettesheim. "Piezoelectric Direct Discharge: Devices and Applications." Plasma 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma4010001.

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The piezoelectric direct discharge (PDD) is a comparatively new type of atmospheric pressure gaseous discharge for production of cold plasma. The generation of such discharge is possible using the piezoelectric cold plasma generator (PCPG) which comprises the resonant piezoelectric transformer (RPT) with voltage transformation ratio of more than 1000, allowing for reaching the output voltage >10 kV at low input voltage, typically below 25 V. As ionization gas for the PDD, either air or various gas mixtures are used. Despite some similarities with corona discharge and dielectric barrier disc

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22

Hamdan, Ahmad, and Luc Stafford. "A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (2022): 3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203603.

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Discharge in liquid is a promising technique to produce nanomaterials by electrode erosion. Although its feasibility was demonstrated in many conditions, the production of nanoalloys by in-liquid discharges remains a challenge. Here, we show that spark discharge in liquid cyclohexane that is in contact with conductive solution, made of a combination of Ni-nitrate and/or Fe-nitrate and/or Co-nitrate, is suitable to produce nanoalloys (<10 nm) of Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Co-Fe, and Ni-Co-Fe. The nanoparticles are synthesized by the reduction of metal ions during discharge, and they are individually embe

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23

Tsoukou, Evanthia, Maxime Delit, Louise Treint, Paula Bourke, and Daniela Boehm. "Distinct Chemistries Define the Diverse Biological Effects of Plasma Activated Water Generated with Spark and Glow Plasma Discharges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031178.

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The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. Plasma activated liquids (PAL) could be a promising alternative for microbial decontamination, where different PAL can possess diverse antimicrobial efficacies and cytotoxic profiles, depending on the range and concentration of their reactive chemical species. In this research, the biological activity of plasma activated water (PAW) on different biological targets including both microbiological and mammalian cells was investigated in vitro. The aim was to further an understanding of the specific role of dist

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24

Nominé, A. V., N. Tarasenka, A. Nevar, et al. "Alloying nanoparticles by discharges in liquids: a quest for metastability." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, no. 1 (2021): 014003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac35f0.

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Abstract The use of ultrafast processes to synthesize alloy nanoparticles far from thermodynamic equilibrium is subject to phase transformations that keep particles at a given temperature for periods of time that are usually long with respect to the process pulse durations. Reaching non-equilibrium conditions is then not straightforwardly associated with this process, as fast as it can be, but rather with heat transfer mechanisms during phase transformations. This latter aspect is dependent on nanoparticle size. Furthermore, other important phenomena such as chemical ordering are essential to

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25

Nominé, A. V., Th Gries, C. Noel, A. Nominé, V. Milichko, and T. Belmonte. "Synthesis of nanomaterials by electrode erosion using discharges in liquids." Journal of Applied Physics 130, no. 15 (2021): 151101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0040587.

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26

Himura, H., A. Irie, and S. Masamune. "Plasma Irradiation to Ionic Liquids using 2.45 GHz Microwave Discharges." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 36, no. 1 (2011): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.36.59.

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Auge, J. L., O. Lesaint, and A. T. Vu Thi. "Partial discharges in ceramic substrates embedded in liquids and gels." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 20, no. 1 (2013): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2013.6451366.

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28

Thulin, Anders, Anders Molander, and Ulrich von Pidoll. "Electrostatic Discharges of Droplets of Various Liquids during Splash Filling." Chemical Engineering & Technology 39, no. 10 (2016): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500687.

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29

Ferreyra, M., B. Fina, N. Milardovich, J. C. Chamorro, B. Santamaría, and L. Prevosto. "WATER TREATMENT WITH A PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE." Anales AFA 33, Special Fluids (2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2022.fluidos.11.

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One of the fastest growing technological applications in recent years in the area of non-thermal plasmas is the treatment of water with discharges in (and in contact with) liquids. Reactive chemical species are generated in the plasma in the gas phase and enter the liquid by diffusion or are generated at the gas-liquid interface, thus changing its physicochemical properties, without the addition of external chemical compounds. Depending on the form of application of the plasma, well-differentiated effects can be achieved: on the one hand, the purification of water through the degradation of or

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30

Stuchala, Filip, and Pawel Rozga. "Comprehensive Comparison of Lightning Properties of Insulating Liquids in Relation to Mineral Oil Under Positive Lightning Impulse." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092381.

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In this paper, results of comparative studies on the positive lightning impulse breakdown voltage (LIBV) and accelerating voltage (Va) of six insulating liquids of different chemical composition are presented. This paper discusses the behavior of uninhibited naphthenic mineral oil (UMO), inhibited naphthenic mineral oil (IMO), natural ester (NE), synthetic ester (SE), and two modern dielectric fluids: bio-based hydrocarbon (BIO) and inhibited liquid produced using Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology. Measurements are taken in a point-to-sphere electrode system for two selected gap distances: 25 mm

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31

TONG, Lizhu. "S0550402 Numerical Analysis of Electrohydrodynamics due to Electrical Discharges in Liquids." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2014 (2014): _S0550402——_S0550402—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2014._s0550402-.

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Gidalevich, E., R. L. Boxman, and S. Goldsmith. "Hydrodynamic effects in liquids subjected to pulsed low current arc discharges." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37, no. 10 (2004): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/10/014.

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Hamdan, Ahmad, Cédric Noël, Jaafar Ghanbaja, and Thierry Belmonte. "Comparison of Aluminium Nanostructures Created by Discharges in Various Dielectric Liquids." Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 34, no. 5 (2014): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9564-y.

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Kawamura, Tomohisa, Moriyuki Kanno, Sven Stauss, et al. "Generation and characterization of field-emitting surface dielectric barrier discharges in liquids." Journal of Applied Physics 123, no. 4 (2018): 043301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011445.

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Nominé, A. V., M. Nazarov, T. Gries, et al. "Synthesis and growth mechanism of Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets by pulsed discharges in liquids." Applied Surface Science 674 (November 2024): 160844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.160844.

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Pogoda, Alexander, Yuanyuan Pan, Monika Röntgen, and Sybille Hasse. "Plasma-Functionalized Liquids for Decontamination of Viable Tissues: A Comparative Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19 (2024): 10791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910791.

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Plasma-functionalized liquids (PFLs) are rich in chemical species, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Therefore, manifold applications are being investigated for their use in medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Depending on the goal, a suitable plasma source concept for the generation of PFLs has to be determined because the plasma generation setup determines the composition of reactive species. This study investigates three PFL-generating plasma sources—two spark d

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37

Dekhtyar, V. A., and A. E. Dubinov. "Visualization of Liquids Flows in Microfluidics and Plasma Channels in Nanosecond Spark Microdischarges by Means of Digital Microscopy." Scientific Visualization 15, no. 1 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/sv.15.1.01.

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An application of digital optical microscopes for visualization of single-pulse or pulsed-periodic processes in microfluidics and physics of spark microdischarges is studied. Multiple examples of coagulation processes of liquid microvolumes, nanosecond spark discharges near liquid drops and plant living tissues in a cell-size level are provided.

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38

Peta, Katarzyna. "Multiscale Wettability of Microtextured Irregular Surfaces." Materials 17, no. 23 (2024): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17235716.

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Surface microgeometry created by the energy of electric discharges is related to surface wetting behavior. These relationships change depending on the scale of observation. In this work, contact angles correlated with the surface complexity of AA 6060 after electro-discharge machining were analyzed at different observation scales. This research focuses on the methodology of selecting the best scales for observing wetting phenomena on irregular surfaces, as well as indicating the topographic characterization parameters of the surface in relation to the scales. Additionally, the geometric featur

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39

Danikas, M. G. "Breakdown in Nanofluids: A Short Review on Experimental Results and Related Mechanisms." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 5 (2018): 3300–3309. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1490300.

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Nanofluids seem to gradually become an alternative to traditional insulating liquids, such as transformer oil. In this paper, a short review of experimental results as well as of possible breakdown mechanisms and of some of the factors affecting the breakdown strength of the said fluids is conducted. Most of the reports suggest that the addition of nanoparticles in insulating liquids improves the breakdown strength. However, some reports that contradict the above are also to be found. In view of this, an outline of future research is discussed. This review does not encompass all possible effec

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40

Schaper, L., W. G. Graham, and K. R. Stalder. "Vapour layer formation by electrical discharges through electrically conducting liquids—modelling and experiment." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (2011): 034003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/20/3/034003.

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41

Bezborodko, P., O. Lesaint, and R. Tobazeon. "Study of partial discharges and gassing phenomena within gaseous cavities in insulating liquids." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 27, no. 2 (1992): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.135600.

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42

Belmonte, T., A. Hamdan, F. Kosior, C. Noël, and G. Henrion. "Interaction of discharges with electrode surfaces in dielectric liquids: application to nanoparticle synthesis." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, no. 22 (2014): 224016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224016.

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Sanz, J., C. J. Renedo, A. Ortiz, P. J. Quintanilla, F. Ortiz, and D. F. García. "A Brief Review of the Impregnation Process with Dielectric Fluids of Cellulosic Materials Used in Electric Power Transformers." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093673.

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In the manufacturing of power transformers, the impregnation of the solid electric insulation systems (cellulosic materials) with a dielectric liquid is a key issue for increasing the breakdown voltage of the insulation, and this prevents the apparition of partial discharges that deteriorate the insulation system. After introducing the problem, this article presents the theory of impregnation and later carries out a bibliographical review. Traditionally, mineral oils have been used as the dielectric liquid in electrical transformers, but for environmental (low biodegradability) and safety (low

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44

Svarnas, Panagiotis, Michael Poupouzas, Konstantia Papalexopoulou, et al. "Water Modification by Cold Plasma Jet with Respect to Physical and Chemical Properties." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (2022): 11950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311950.

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This work is devoted to unbuffered and buffered water treatment by means of atmospheric pressure cold plasma of electrical discharges. The interest in the activation of these two liquids by plasma-induced, gaseous-phase chemistry ranges over a wide area of potential applications and interdisciplinary scientific fields. These include biology, medicine, sanitation, environmental restoration, agriculture, etc. Atmospheric pressure cold plasma is here produced in the form of a plasma jet and set into physical contact with the liquid specimens. The operational window of the treatment, in terms of p

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Loiselle, Luc, U. Mohan Rao, and Issouf Fofana. "Gassing Tendency of Fresh and Aged Mineral Oil and Ester Fluids under Electrical and Thermal Fault Conditions." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133472.

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Operational factors are known to affect the health of an in-service power transformer and to reduce the capabilities and readiness for energy transmission and distribution. Hence, it is important to understand the degradation rate and corresponding behavioral aspects of different insulating fluids under various fault conditions. In this article, the behavior of mineral oil and two environmentally friendly fluids (a synthetic and a natural ester) are reported under arcing, partial discharges, and thermal fault conditions. Arcing, partial discharges and thermal faults are simulated by 100 repeat

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Corbella Roca, Carles, Sabine Portal, Madhusudhan Kundrapu, and Michael Keidar. "(Invited) Advances in Synthesis of Nanomaterials By Atmospheric Arc Discharge with Pulsed Power." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 19 (2022): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0219888mtgabs.

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Plasmas are common tools used for synthesis and modification of nanoparticles. All techniques aim at providing high quality, nanostructured materials with well-defined crystalline state and functional properties. The most consolidated cold plasma nanosynthesis methods are pulsed-DC physical/chemical vapour deposition (PVD/CVD), high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and pulsed cathodic arc. However, atmospheric arc discharge processes excel in production of stand-alone nanomaterials thanks to their high throughput and excellent quality and wide variety of obtained materials. Carbon

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Taubkin, Igor’ S. "Overview of Static Electricity in Some Industrial Operations with Petroleum Products." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 13, no. 2 (2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-2-54-64.

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Fires and explosions of petroleum products vapors triggered by static electricity discharges are not uncommon during various technological operations. Investigation of their role in accidents is one of the more labor intensive and complicated forensic tasks. The purpose of this work is to provide forensic experts with general information on electrostatic charging mechanisms in liquids and solids, as well as on production operations with petroleum products where static electricity may occur, leading to the ignition of their vapors.

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Efremov, N. M., B. Yu Adamiak, V. I. Blochin, et al. "Experimental investigation of the action of pulsed electrical discharges in liquids on biological objects." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 28, no. 1 (2000): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.842908.

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Jimenez, Francisco J., Marjan Radfar, Braedan Kirk, Richard D. Sydora, and Trent S. Hunter. "Shock waves in pulsed electrical discharges in liquids: numerical simulation and comparison to experiment." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54, no. 7 (2020): 075202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abc3ea.

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Kawai, Jun, Seema Jagota, Takeo Kaneko, et al. "Self-assembly of tholins in environments simulating Titan liquidospheres: implications for formation of primitive coacervates on Titan." International Journal of Astrobiology 12, no. 4 (2013): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550413000116.

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AbstractTitan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a thick atmosphere containing nitrogen and methane. A variety of organic compounds have been detected in the atmosphere, most likely produced when atmospheric gases are exposed to ultraviolet light, electrons captured by the magnetosphere of Saturn and cosmic rays. The Cassini/Huygens probe showed that the average temperature on the surface of Titan is 93.7 K, with lakes of liquid ethane and methane. Sub-surface mixtures of liquid ammonia and water may also be present. We have synthesized complex organic compounds (tholins) by exposing a mixt

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