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Lebret, Jean-Baptiste. "Les réseaux d’évacuation des eaux antiques en milieu urbain dans la province de Gaule Narbonnaise". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30066.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the Roman water supply network’s gigantic and modest structures have often been the focus of many studies, the sewer drainage system is often overlooked. Its study is usually limited to a brief description of certain parts of the system.Therefore many questions remained unanswered. What is the legal status governing the sewers? Are they widespread throughout Roman settlements? How are they organized? Are they efficient? How are they structured and how are they linked to other Roman urban infrastructures?This study aims to answer most of these questions. In order to achieve this, a detailed analysis of about thirty ancient neighborhoods in six settlements of Gaul of Narbonne (Fréjus, Glanum, Narbonne, Nîmes, Orange, Saint-Romain-en-Gal) was conducted. In order to better understand certain sewer systems that were badly preserved in the Gaul of Narbonne, we have compared them to the ones in Ostie and Pompeii in Italy which have been fully excavated and whose vestiges have been remarkably preserved.As a result, the techniques used in constructing the sewer systems have been brought to light and the effectiveness of the sewer system as a whole can start to be evaluated.It was necessary to compare the historical sources to the collected archaeological data addressing these rather unknown systems to better understand how the sewer system was run, the maintenance and usage of drainage infrastructures, the contextualization of the sewers in Roman daily life as envisioned by the Romans from their subjective point of view
Le, Bonté Sébastien. "Méthodes multivariables pour la caractérisation des eaux usées". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL058N.
Pełny tekst źródłaDufresne, Matthieu François Daniel. "La modélisation 3D du transport solide dans les bassins en assainissement : Du pilote expérimental à l’ouvrage réel". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/DUFRSNE_Matthieu_Francois_Daniel_2008.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe knowledge of sediment transport is required for the design and operation of sewer detention tanks; a prerequisite is to determine the flow pattern. To achieve these objectives experiments and numerical modelling are two complementary approaches. The aims of this work are to investigate, improve, and apply a particle-tracking model. We carried out many experimental tests in a rectangular physical model with one inlet (pipe) and two outlets (pipe and weir). Measurements have been performed of both flow pattern and sediment transport (efficiency, spatial distribution of deposits). Numerical simulations have been done by using a commercial software; we implemented a bed boundary condition based on turbulent kinetic energy in the particle tracking routine. Simulated and experimental results have been compared in order to investigate the range of application of the numerical model; we then applied it to a real-life work. Finally, we found geometrical criteria to predict the flow pattern in rectangular tanks
Hilaire, Anne-Christine. "Les eaux usées issues de l'industrie pharmaceutique". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P005.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuéméneur, Michelle. "Devenir des acides gras et des stérols issus des effluents urbains après leur rejet dans les environnements littoraux". Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2032.
Pełny tekst źródłaLafont, Michel. "Contribution à la gestion des eaux continentales : utilisation des oligochètes comme descripteurs de l'état biologique et du degré de pollution des eaux et des sédiments". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10006.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrame, Abdou Khadry. "Modélisation et analyse des procédés biologiques : application à la dépollution des eaux : théorie des systèmes asymptotiquement autonomes". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20095.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarascud, Marie-Claude. "Intégration d'un réacteur anaérobie dans les circuits d'eaux d'une machine à papier". Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0074.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoltan, Dounia. "Etude de l'incidence de rejets urbains sur les peuplements superficiels de macroalgues en Méditerranée nord-occidentale". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22019.
Pełny tekst źródłaBreil, Pascal. "Drainage des eaux claires parasites par les réseaux sanitaires ; mécanismes et approche quantitative". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20103.
Pełny tekst źródłaLesavre, Jacques, i Abdelaziz Zairi. "Epuration des eaux résiduaires par épandage souterrain sous pression : conception et évaluation de la filère de traitement". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066630.
Pełny tekst źródłaEstèbe, Alexandrine. "Impact de l'agglomération parisienne et de ses rejets de temps de pluie sur les concentrations en métaux des matières en suspension et des sédiments en Seine en période estivale". Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120072.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaruejouls, Thibaud. "Gestion intégrée des eaux usées urbaines : caractérisation et modélisation du comportement des polluants dans un bassin de rétention en réseau unitaire". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23858.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoukir, Hamid. "Croissance urbaine et problèmes de l'eau dans la Médina de Fès, les conséquences sanitaires : Contribution à l'analyse de la relation population-environnement en milieu urbain". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11063.
Pełny tekst źródłaSimoneau-Drolet, Daniel. "Simulations et stratégies de contrôle applicables à la gestion de la vidange du réservoir de rétention du site St-Sacrement du réseau sanitaire de la ville de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23680/23680.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFelizzola, Juliana Feitosa. "Analysis and fate of selected human-used antibiotics in surface waters". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11088.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work contributes to the knowledge of the life cycle of selected human-used antibiotics. It was largely motivated by the increase of the antiobiorésistence. The first part of this memory is dedicated to the development of an analytical methodology for the simultaneous quantification and identification in routine of twelve antibiotics belonging to the main families of antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide and macrolide) in urban wastewater and in surface waters. This methodology is based on on-line solid phase extraction (SPE), coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (Ion Trap). Its advantages are on the one hand, the automation of the analyses and on the other hand, the higher selectivity of the ion trap analyser in comparison to the triple quadrupole in complex matrices, avoiding false positives and false negatives for concentrations above the 50 ng/L. The limits of detection are in the 1-50 ng /L range according to the analyzed compound. The second part is devoted to the survey of the occurrence levels of selected human used antibiotics in a small Mediterranean river (Arc River, Aix-en-Provence, France) as well as their spatio-temporal distribuition. Sampling of water and sediment has been done during several months in winter and in spring, along the river and downstream the outlet of the sewage treatment plant of the city of Aix-en-Provence. The results show that the most frequently detected compounds belong to the macrolide antibiotic family (azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin). The pollution occurs essentially in the winter. The concentrations in clarithromycin and in roxithromycin in the dissolved phase can exceed the µg/L level because of a strong consumption of these medicines during this period and in the absence of significant dilution by background freshwater. These levels of concentration are on average, ten times superior to those met in the European large rivers. Azithromycin accumulates in the sediments. The survey of the spatial distribution reveals the persistence of the investigated macrolides in water at least for a water residence time not exceeding one day and a slow degradation of these compounds in the sediment. The third part is dedicated to the study, in laboratory, of the abiotic degradation processes of three macrolides (clarithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin A) in water / sediment systems. The dissipation of macrolides from the aqueous phase might be the result of the direct photolysis of the macrolide/ iron (III) complexes and their adsorption on sediment. Concerning the phototransformation of clarithromycin, half lives determined with the help of a kinetic model should exceed 40 days in November and 25 days in May. Consequently, this transformation pathway is not relevant in small rivers, where the residence time of water is small. It could be more significant in ponds and lagoons systems where the time of residence of waters will be more important. The photolysis of the complex macrolide/iron (III) probably leads to the opening of the lactonic ring of the macrolides and might constitute a pathway for detoxification of these compounds. The sorption of the macrolides on iron (III) and manganese (IV) oxides resulted mainly in their ehanced hydrolysis yielding to losses of the cladinose sugar. This degradation pathway would not be as effective in water sediment as with pure oxides, probably because dissolved organic matter (DOM) might compete with the oxide surfaces for macrolides. It yields a range of intermediates that might maintain some biological activities
Berthe, Céline. "Etude de la matière organique contenue dans des lixiviats issus de différentes filières de traitement des déchets ménagers et assimilés". Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f64563c8-cc6b-46ce-b282-6ac873ca7db0/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0052.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDore, Kayoko. "Le réseau d'égouts et le logement : l'exemple de la ville d'Abidjan". Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120001.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt was in 1974 that works on a huge sewage system for abidjan (ivory coast) have started, of which preleminary studies of this project have started in 1968. The new system depends largely on the restauration and development of the existing one. Bearling in mind the future growth of the city, tow main objectifs were intended : -the evacuation of waste and rain water for all quarters in satisfying sanitairial, ecological and economical conditions; -to develope the lagoon in order to permit the development of pisiculture and maintain a healthy ecological environement for the city. Altough it was found impossible, soon after, to attain these objectifs, the effeciency of the sewage network was not doubted. Therefore, we found it interesting to search and find, beyond the official point of view justifying this acte, the stakes that researchs have demonstrated in other countries and or sectors. We have identified two points : a) the way the effluents were evacuated by the netwrk correspond to the bourgeoisical representation of the city; cleanliness and magnificance are the principal criterias of this representation; b) the sewage network, through its cost and the densification of the habitat, valorise the land. The failure of the sanititation policy by sewage networks (failure in function of its function to evacuate or sanititate) inspire, since years, some alternative policies. We have ended this work by some reflexions and propositions on these policies
Bouteldja, Fathe. "Diagnostic en place et prévision de l'évolution d'un système d'assainissement non collectif". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725242.
Pełny tekst źródłaMassari, Michelle. "Étude du pouvoir épurateur de divers matériaux de l'Ile de la Réunion vis à vis d'effluents domestiques et industriels". Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11267.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanessa, Emeline. "Lorsque l'eau révèle la ville : cas du Bas Sahara algérien". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10053.
Pełny tekst źródłaLajaunie-Salla, Katixa. "Modélisation de la dynamique de l'oxygène dissous dans l'estuaire de la Gironde". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0381/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Gironde estuary shows frequent events of hypoxia, particularly during summer in the Garonne tidal river near the city of Bordeaux, in the presence of a dense turbidity maximum, when river discharge is low and water is warm. Field observations reveal that decreases in oxygen concentrations are linked to the combination natural processes (inputs from the watershed and sediment hydrodynamics) and anthropogenic processes (loads of partially treated urban waters). In order to quantify the mechanisms controlling the temporal and spatial variations of dissolved oxygen, a 3D biogeochemical model was coupled to the hydro-sedimentary model. It allowed simulate the transport of solutes and suspended material, the biological reactions consuming oxygen, and the re-aeration by the atmosphere. The biogeochemical model reproduces satisfactorily the seasonal and neap-spring time scale variations of dissolved oxygen around the city of Bordeaux and quantifies the relative contribution of urban and watershed inputs to oxygen consumption. When used to simulate future conditions (50 years), the model indicates that summer hypoxia will likely increase in the future, due to the increase in water temperatures and decrease in river discharge (droughts), and increase in population in the megacity of Bordeaux. Simulation of different management scenarios indicate that support for low-water river discharge, improvement of waste water treatments, and eventually a displacement of urban load downstream will be necessary in order to avoid a drastic alteration of the quality of the aquatic system
Jeanjean, Agnès. "Basses oeuvres : ethnologie d'un réseau technique urbain : les égouts de Montpellier". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H052.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe substances produced by the body, resulting from a human biological phenomenon, are buried in the ground, pushed away out of sight. Part of the social order and life in society is based on this removal, the equivalent of conditions of secrecy. Sewers are located at a hinge between biological bodies and the social body, between individuals and society. Attention is focused first on the collective or even institutional responses to the inevitable and forever renewed presence of contemptible substances. Excreta are first examined as political substances through study of techniques and their development, consideration of the value awarded to urban sewage sludge down through history and observation of links between the private and the public fields, where the sewers from real expression. In the second part, all the sewer workers ( wathever their rank) in montpellier are observed at work in order to understand how the men who touch and think about substances that nobody else touches or thinks about live this situation. What responses do they develop in the face of the wastes that they live with? By making it possible to establish connections between technical, economic, social, aesthetic, magical and political acts, all these abservations lead to denning several mechanisms of organisation of the social relations involving, in both the literal and figurative sense, excreta and their "opacity" and the fears and shame that they generate
Durand, Mathieu. "Gestion des déchets et inégalités environnementales et écologiques à Lima : entre durabilité et vulnérabilité". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564628.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhorchani, Mohamed. "Apports de l'imagerie numérique et de l'approche connexionniste à l'analyse de fonctionnement, la modélisation et la gestion des déversoirs d'orage". Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/931b8e79-4caa-4546-a79c-d6b92611a1d3.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Nang Dinh. "Relations entre la variabilité de la pollution urbaine et le contexte socio-culturel du bassin de collecte". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0173/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe variation of urban pollution related to human activity depends on several spatial and temporal scales: daily, weekly, annual, multi-year. To develop a model predicting this variations, different tools are used including demographic characteristics (age, sex, income), on the basis of cadastral data and aerial photographs and sampling campaigns on 24h. The use of these tools is illustrated with the example of the Urban area of Nancy. The results of sampling campaigns in three different catchments (semi-rural village, residential area, and residential area with large hospital) are discussed, considering its relation with the human activities (day versus night, meals, laundry). Better anticipating the variability of pollution which arrived to the wastewater treatment plant would improve their management and therefore their performances. These measurements also allowed a better understanding of the variability of some micropollutants such as heavy metals. The daily variation pattern in the big city is less marked than rural communities. This variability is probably related to the contributions of professional activities on different sites. It depends on the modification of the collection network, lifestyle, demographics on the water catchment, in terms of spatial distribution and age class in the studied area. The macropollution (C, N-NH4, P) and metal micropollution (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al) were considered. Pollution peaks were observed: For residential areas, the first peak corresponds to human activity in the morning (around 10:00) before leaving home to work, the second peak corresponds to the activities at the time of returning home (around 20:00) after a day's work. We did not find a proper scheme for mixed zones (residential with commercial, industrial and hospital activities). Variations in flow and composition of the wastewater reproduce very well the human cycle, taking into account modifications in population, information on land use and daily journeys between home and work in the studied sites
Villanueva, Jessica Denila. "Suivi par capteurs passifs des polluants émergents dans les eaux de surface en contexte urbain". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14186/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability
Lardy-Fontan, Sophie. "Les substances émergentes dans les écosystèmes aquatiques français : une application aux alkylphénol-polyéthoxylés et aux substances pharmaceutiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13702/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlkylphenol-polyethoxylates and pharmaceutical substances belong to the class of the emerging contaminants which have been recently studied in natural environments. These compounds of very widespread use (in terms of applications as well as in terms of quantity) are introduced into the aquatic environment, via the wastewater treatment plants, mainly, and are likely to generate toxic effects on the living organisms in these systems. The first part of this work consisted in the development and validation of various methodologies of sampling (grab sampling and integrative sampling (POCIS)), of various protocols of extraction (SPE, microwaves assisted extraction) and of analysis (LC/MS, LC/MS/MS), necessary for a reliable quantification of alkylphenol-polyethoxylates and pharmaceutical substances in the various compartments of aquatic systems (phases dissolved, particulate and sedimentary, biological organisms). Then, an assessment of the contamination of numerous aquatic systems (the catchment area of the Seine estuary, the Garonne and the Gironde, the bay of Vilaine, the bay of Authie, the Adour, the Mediterranean coast of Marseilles) was undertaken. A generalized contamination by these compounds was highlighted for all the studied sites. The measured concentrations appear to be extremely variable according to the class of molecule considered, the sites and time with concentrations ranging from the ng.l-1 to tens of µg.l-1 for the dissolved phases and from tens of ng.g-1 to tens of µg.g-1 for the solid phases (several hundreds of µg.g-1 in the clarification sludge). These studies also made it possible to document the presence and the fate of these molecules in the French wastewater treatment plant and made it possible to evaluate their effectiveness to remove the studied compounds. Lastly, this work also made it possible to highlight phenomena of partition between the dissolved phases and the solid phases as well as phenomena of transfers through the biological organisms
Siro, Grembo Diogène Macaire. "Croissance urbaine, un défi pour l’accès à l’eau potable et à l’assainissement à Bangui (République Centrafricaine)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFollowing the example of the cities of the countries in the process of development, the growth of the town of Bangui was fast. Grows is the leading cause. The urban growth was done in an irregular and illegal was. The city developed in a duality between the districts urbanized equipped well and the not urbanized districts, deprived of the basic urban infrastructures. The urban policy of the State, focused on the town planning and master development plan (SDAU), is not any more worthy meeting in an optimal way the needs for the city. The anarchistic occupation of space by dangerous district is the direct consequence of the policy of the State as regards urban governance. The inapplicability of the texts or the laws which characterize the land mode, led to the creation of the slums. The services of water and the cleansing are in difficulty face the urban explosion of the city. The access to drinking water and basic cleansing of the population is not completely ensured by these services. It is posed then, a serious problem of governance of these services face the urban growth of the city. The network of the company of water supply in Central Africa (SODECA), ensured of only 32% of the water provision of the population. The disadvantaged districts are fed by abstract networks (terminals fountains, drilling and wells). In spite of a light improvement, the drinking water supply in these districts stays an assault course. The women and the children are touched. The hope of public-private partnership (PPP) caused 1990, around water by SAUR gave by assessment mitigated in Central Africa
Zhang, Yuhai. "Épuration naturelle : de la rivière à la zone humide de rejet". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0302/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present PhD work was carried out within the project EPEC (Epuration en Eau Courante) funded by an ANR program, ECOTECH, in order to meet the requirements of Water Framework Directive for small streams, in particular in rural areas where domestic wastewater could be directly discharged by reason of lack of sewerage network and contribute to water quality degradation. Two study directions have been taken: i) the first aimed to study natural purification in stream systems and find out the way to improve water quality, and 2) the second concerned the reduction of the impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) discharge to receiving water bodies by installation of a free-surface constructed wetland between them. Three study scales were investigated within two rural streams of Lorraine, Brénon and St-Oger. At stream scale, characterization of water quality along its course allowed us to distinguish some segments where occurred naturel purification processes. The second study scale was on relevant stream sections presenting interesting hydromorphologic features. These sections were located at the downstream of urban areas and present a succession of rectified and naturel segments. The response of naturel sections to domestic pollutants was different for the two streams. The Brénon section length of about 6 km was efficient for organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrates removal. Concerning the St-Oger stream, the pollutants were less influenced in the natural section long of only 0.5 km. The last study scale focused on the hyporheic zone where system function depends on hydromorphologic features of the stream, composition of streambed, especially its porosity, and hydrologic conditions which depends on climate. According to analysis on hyporheic waters sampled at -30 and -50 cm for Brénon and -20 and -30 cm for St-Oger, four functional zones were distinguished in relation with dissolved oxygen availability and possible water exchange between hyporheic zone and surface water: (1) aerobic zones at high hyporheic exchange showing contribution to organic matter degradation and oxidation of ammonium nitrogen; (2) Anoxic zones with less hyporheic exchange characterized by fast dissolved oxygen depletion by aerobic microbial metabolism and reduction of nitrates; (3) Anoxic zones with low hyporheic exchange characterized by accumulation of salts in deep layers and reduction of nitrates and sulfates and (4) “closed” zones characterized by clogged spaces or very low hydraulic conductivity. These functions could be partially reproduced in laboratory within a porous bed reactor simulating an hyporheic zone. Free-surface wetlands are spaces constructed between the discharge point of the WWTP and the receiving watercourse, here small streams in rural areas, with the aim to finish the waste water treatment. The wetlands had shown high capacity to remove nitrates and phosphates in summer periods. However a production of dissolved organic carbon was noticed and results from plant decomposition (reed, duckweed, algae, etc.). Algae contributed to high oxygen production through photosynthesis in spring. This production progressively decreased with the proliferation of duckweed on the water surface. Two biological tests on sediment's potentiality for denitrification and methane production were carried out at laboratory scale in order to corroborate the field observations
Dutordoir, Solène. "Bilan des flux de métaux, carbone organique et nutriments contenus dans une rivière alpine : part des rejets urbains de l'agglomération de Grenoble et apports amont (Isère et Drac)". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe growing awareness of the contamination of rivers has led to the establishment of more rigorous regulations related to urban waste, and to the setting of water quality objectives to be achieved for aquatic environment. However, grab sampling remains an important limitation for the estimation of contaminant flux, and the need for constant monitoring is present in both natural environment and urban sanitation. This study focuses on the quantification of the proportion of urban waste in the Grenoble area to the total flux of 1) suspended solids (TSS), 2) nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), 3) organic carbon and 4) metals trace element (MTE) of the receiving environment; the Isère (an alpine river). This work was supported by a network of continuous discharge measurements (Q) and TSS (turbidimetry), both upstream and downstream of Grenoble associated with regular sampling campaigns, with a higher measurement frequency during flood events. A spectrometric probe upstream was also placed upstream. Detailed measurement campaigns on major sub-basins of the sewerage network were performed during the study period as part of the sanitation master plan of Grenoble. The combination of these two approaches allowes to relate the spatio-temporal variations of TSS, nutrients, organic carbon and MTE in the urban water network of Grenoble and in the receiving environment (the Isère) for the years 2011 and 2012. Flows of the traced parameters have been established to determine the contribution of urban waste flows in the receiving environment, over these two years. Finally, a study on how to improve the flow calculations by the use of relations between MTE / particulate organic carbon (POC ) and a continuous measurable parameter (MES, Q ) was conducted in parallel with these results. Key words: suspended solids, Nutrients, metals trace element; Mercury; urban waste; turbidimetry and spectrometric probe
Métadier, Marjolaine. "Traitement et analyse de séries chronologiques continues de turbidité pour la formulation et le test de modèles des rejets urbains par temps de pluie". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668706.
Pełny tekst źródłaPédelucq, Julie. "Etude de la présence, du devenir et de l’impact des psychotropes dans la Garonne estuarienne (France) et le fleuve Saint Laurent (Québec, Canada)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0409/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncreasing urbanization and human activities cause an increase of micropollutant input in the aquatic environment. The water compartment is then defined as the ultimate receptacle of environmental pollution originating from various sources: municipal and industrial wastewaters, leachates from solidwaste disposal sites, waters of urban and agricultural runoff.Among the contaminants found in the water, there are psychotropic drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressantsor antiepileptics) belonging to the family of pharmaceuticals. These are biologically active molecules, ubiquitous, which are mainly of urban origin, which are continuously introduced into the aquatic environment and are heavily consumed around the world.In recent years, scientists have begun to show interest for this therapeutic family, but there is still areal lack of knowledge about the full psychotropic diffusion problem; from their presence in wastewater treatment plant to their presence in the environment and finally to their impact on aquatic organisms.In this global perspective these thesis works seek to document the presence, fate and impact of psychotropic drugs in the Garonne estuarine (France) and the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada).Firstly, a multi-residue analytical method for the analysis of 47 psychotropic drugs in wastewater and surface waters has been developed and validated. POCIS passive samplers were calibrated and validated for continuous integrative monitoring of psychotropic drugs in surface waters.Secondly, the treatment plant influents and effluents of Bordeaux in France and Repentigny and Montreal in Quebec have been characterized. The results of this study show that treatment processes ofstudied wastewater treatment plants have limited performances to remove psychotropic drugs in wastewaters. There after, the monitoring performed in the Garonne estuarine and in the St. Lawrence River has highlighted that the presence of psychotropic drug in the environment is mainly related toupstream input of Bordeaux and Montréal.Comparison of the results obtained in the two countries surveyed show that there are many different patterns of prescriptions and consumption between the two countries. Although the treatment processes are different between the two countries (secondary treatment in France and primary in Quebec), their removal efficiency is still insufficient for psychotropic drugs. Finally it was observed that theflow rate of the receiving environment plays an important role in the dilution and the fate of the compounds.In a third and final stage, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that some psychotropic drugs could have a toxic impact on the studied freshwater bivalves (Elliptio complanata and Corbicula fluminea) upon exposure alone or in mixture with concentrations in the order of mg.L-1 (tests concentrations) and even ng.L-1 (environmental concentrations)
Chiban, Samia. "Modélisation de la déposition des particules solides dans les rejets urbains conduits à la mer par émissaires marins". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015838.
Pełny tekst źródłaAraud, Quentin. "Simulations des écoulements en milieu urbain lors d'un évènement pluvieux extrême". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814408.
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