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1
Krisna, Putu. "Social Economy Indicator on Constructing Forest Sustianability in Bali". Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense, nr 54 (8.03.2021): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54571/ajee.461.
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Abstract: Forestry issue has ever been discussed in conference of United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change about deforestation that happens because industrialization that oriented toward economical growth and ignores environment aspect that can cause global warming. In Bali, sustainability has been a pplied since long time ago. It can be proved by the existence of tumpek wariga that makes an appreciation respect directly to the plants is an embodiment of environmental sustainability as a manifestation of local wisdom. This is insufficient remember the fact that the condition of Bali's forests has been distorted. This analysis aims to know the simultaneous and partial influences and the most dominant determinants affecting forest sustainability. Within the lifetime data and analysis of adaptive partial adjustment model double log, this analysis found the fact that simultanousely and partially Domestic Product Regional Bruto, the amount of citizen, regional autonomy policy and forest sustainability condition on previous year has significant influence toward forest sustainability during the period of this analysis. The amount of citizen variable is the most dominant variable toward forest sustainability because it obtains the highest standardized of coefficient data of 0,292. Based on the analysis, result and discussion, forest have to be well maintained, conserved and utilized in balance for all the people prosperity in current generation and for the sake of next generation. Correct management needed for development sustainability especially in long-term capacity through internalization and negative externalization which caused by economical development. Keywords: Domestic Product Regional Bruto; The Amount of Citizen; Regional Autonomy; Local Wisdom; Partial Adjustment Model.
2
Idayati, Farida. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN INTENSIFIKASI DAN EKSTENSIFIKASI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN OTONOMI DI KOTA SURABAYA". EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 12, nr 4 (12.09.2018): 474–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2008.v12.i4.202.
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In monetary autonomy, Surabaya government expects to increase its province earnings. As the government regulation number 22 in 1999 (the newest is number 32 in 2004), Surabaya government has a privilege autonomy in considering the intensification and extensification to support its province earnings for economical development. This research intends to get a real proof on implementation of intensification and extensification for province and also to get the real proof on regional economic development and the growing of earning grade after the application of newest regulation number 32 in 2004.This is a qualitative research by taking data from BPS office in Surabaya, on 10 June 2005 and from Surabaya financial department. And the results show that the new regulation can increase the province earnings by implementing intensification (tax of bill and retribution) of an area which is stated. And after the rule was issued can increase the amount of infestations. So these support the growing economic grade and infestation season around east Java regions especially in Surabaya city
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Idayati, Farida. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN INTENSIFIKASI DAN EKSTENSIFIKASI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN OTONOMI DI KOTA SURABAYA". EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 12, nr 4 (2.02.2017): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2008.v12.i4.2090.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In monetary autonomy, Surabaya government expects to increase its province earnings. As the government regulation number 22 in 1999 (the newest is number 32 in 2004), Surabaya government has a privilege autonomy in considering the intensification and extensification to support its province earnings for economical development. This research intends to get a real proof on implementation of intensification and extensification for province and also to get the real proof on regional economic development and the growing of earning grade after the application of newest regulation number 32 in 2004.This is a qualitative research by taking data from BPS office in Surabaya, on 10 June 2005 and from Surabaya financial department. And the results show that the new regulation can increase the province earnings by implementing intensification (tax of bill and retribution) of an area which is stated. And after the rule was issued can increase the amount of infestations. So these support the growing economic grade and infestation season around east Java regions especially in Surabaya city.
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Sanjaya, P. K. A., I. P. Nuratama i G. I. S. Diputra. "SOCIAL ECONOMY INDICATOR ON CONSTRUCTING FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN BALI". Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, nr 2 (25.06.2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2020-2-.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Forestry issue has ever been discussed in conference of United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change about deforestation that happens because industrialization that oriented toward economical growth and ignores environment aspect that can cause global warming. In Bali, sustainability has been a pplied since long time ago. It can be proved by the existence of tumpek wariga that makes an appreciation respect directly to the plants is an embodiment of environmental sustainability as a manifestation of local wisdom. This is insufficient remember the fact that the condition of Bali's forests has been distorted. This analysis aims to know the simultaneous and partial influences and the most dominant determinants affecting forest sustainability. Within the lifetime data and analysis of adaptive partial adjustment model double log, this analysis found the fact that simultanousely and partially Domestic Product Regional Bruto, the amount of citizen, regional autonomy policy and forest sustainability condition on previous year has significant influence toward forest sustainability during the period of this analysis. The amount of citizen variable is the most dominant variable toward forest sustainability because it obtains the highest standardized of coefficient data of 0,292. Based on the analysis, result and discussion, forest have to be well maintained, conserved and utilized in balance for all the people prosperity in current generation and for the sake of next generation. Correct management needed for development sustainability especially in long-term capacity through internalization and negative externalization which caused by economical development
5
Sanjaya, P. K. A., I. P. Nuratama i G. I. S. Diputra. "SOCIAL ECONOMY INDICATOR ON CONSTRUCTING FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN BALI". Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, nr 2 (25.06.2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2020-2-17-26.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Forestry issue has ever been discussed in conference of United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change about deforestation that happens because industrialization that oriented toward economical growth and ignores environment aspect that can cause global warming. In Bali, sustainability has been a pplied since long time ago. It can be proved by the existence of tumpek wariga that makes an appreciation respect directly to the plants is an embodiment of environmental sustainability as a manifestation of local wisdom. This is insufficient remember the fact that the condition of Bali's forests has been distorted. This analysis aims to know the simultaneous and partial influences and the most dominant determinants affecting forest sustainability. Within the lifetime data and analysis of adaptive partial adjustment model double log, this analysis found the fact that simultanousely and partially Domestic Product Regional Bruto, the amount of citizen, regional autonomy policy and forest sustainability condition on previous year has significant influence toward forest sustainability during the period of this analysis. The amount of citizen variable is the most dominant variable toward forest sustainability because it obtains the highest standardized of coefficient data of 0,292. Based on the analysis, result and discussion, forest have to be well maintained, conserved and utilized in balance for all the people prosperity in current generation and for the sake of next generation. Correct management needed for development sustainability especially in long-term capacity through internalization and negative externalization which caused by economical development
6
Et al., Septian Aji Permana. "COMMUNITY BASED MOUNT MERAPI ERUPTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT". Psychology and Education Journal 58, nr 2 (1.02.2021): 1896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2346.
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Purpose - This research purpose is to analyze society management in manage natural resource that gotten from Merapi eruption and fin ding the economical system based on regional autonomy. Design/methodology/approach - This research used qualitative approach. The informant of this research was Cangkringan society, Cangkringan village employee, and investors. Data collecting technique was done by observation patricianly and structural interview. Data then analyzed by domain analysis technique, taxonomic, competence, and cultural theme. Findings - The research result shows that Cangkringan society has local wisdom in manage economic after Merapi disaster by opening business entity like cooperative. Social implications - The purpose of Cooperative is to give fund to the Cangkringan society to make them become independent and not dependent to foreign investor. With this cooperative, society can manage economic independently based on local wisdom. Originality/value - Cooperative is business entity that manages by society to their own welfare (from society to society).
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Cherem, Youssef Alvarenga, i Danny Zahreddine. "Integration, conflict, and autonomy among religious minorities in the late Ottoman Empire: the Greek-Catholic (Melkite) Church and sectarian turmoil in Mount Lebanon and Damascus". Estudos Internacionais: revista de relações internacionais da PUC Minas 8, nr 4 (18.02.2021): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2317-773x.2020v8n4p59-79.
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The 19th century was a time of social and political upheaval for the Ottoman Empire. To contend with dwindling territories, uprisings, unrest, and international military, political, and economic pressure, it had to overcome structural deficiencies in the armed forces, economy, and State bureaucracy that kept it lagging behind its European counterparts. The modernizing impetus ultimately took the form of full-fledged legal and institutional reform by mid-century, transforming but also unsettling the Ottoman State and society. In this article we discuss a central component of those reforms and of the international relations of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century: the legal status of non-Moslem minorities. We frame our discussion in the analysis of two moments: the official recognition of the Greek-Catholic (Melkite) religious community in 1848 and the sectarian civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. The intersecting vectors of economical, religious and political interests in their local, regional and international dimensions will be fleshed out, evincing a more nuanced and multilayered, and less monolithic and state-centered, approach toward the international relations of the late Ottoman Empire and the working of its institutions.
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Chablullah Wibisono, H. M. Soerya Respationo, Bambang Satriawan,. "The Influence of Political Background and Knowledge of Legislative Members about the Budget on Dprd Performance in Regional Financial Oversight with Organizational Commitment as a Moderation of Batam City Dprd Members". Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, nr 4 (16.10.2023): 5778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1984.
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The performance of Batam City DPRD members in supervising local finances is one of the crucial aspects in the context of implementing regional autonomy, and its role is vast to control local financial policies that are economical, efficient, effective and accountable. DPRD members have different educational and occupational backgrounds before becoming DPRD members, so when elected as DPRD members, this limited knowledge and experience will be an obstacle in the supervisory function. This requires relatively more time, weak supervisory functions and knowledge of legislative members are factors that affect the performance of DPRD members in monitoring regional finances influenced by the system personally. The performance of the DPRD in carrying out the duties of the supervisory function must be optimized. This is done to know and identify the allocation of funds in the local government budget in the hope that there will be no misappropriation during budget implementation and produce good performance in supervising local finances. The study population was members of the Batam City DPRD. The sampling technique in this study is non-probability sampling with saturated sample type, obtained a sample of 50 samples from DPRD members of Batam City. The results of this study indicate that political background has a significant effect on the performance of DPRD, legislative knowledge has a significant effect on performance, and organizational commitment can moderate and strengthen the relationship between political background on DPRD performance. Organizational commitment can moderate and enhance the relationship between legislative knowledge on DPRD performance.
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Fery, Irlan. "Irlan Fery Jenis-Jenis Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah Berpengaruh Terhadap Potensi Pendapatan Asli Daerah Era Covid-19". JRAK (Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis) 7, nr 1 (19.07.2021): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38204/jrak.v7i1.558.
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Jenis-Jenis Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah Berpengaruh Terhadap Potensi Pendapatan Asli Daerah Era Covid-19
Irlan Fery
Fakultas Ekonomi Akuntansi Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Rahmaniyah
irlanfery123@gmail.com
Abstract: This research component explores the original regional income of the Covid-19 era which has an important role in the contribution of local tax revenues and local levies to help poor people. Local governments must have reliable knowledge of human resource expertise and be able to identify potential sources of local revenue, especially from local taxes and levies to help finance local communities affected by the Corona outbreak. Regional original income is different from the others where the era of the Covid-19 outbreak decreased local revenue. Regional government assistance to people affected by Corona comes from financial balancing funds and the role of central and regional government from regional revenue sources in the context of implementing regional autonomy, namely from local revenue, balance funds, regional loans and other legal regional income. The method used in this research is using the PLS (Partial Least Square) test tool. This study used primary data in the form of a questionnaire and distributed to 250 two hundred and fifty respondents who were taxpayers who returned a sample of 150 taxpayers. The population in this study was carried out at hotels & restaurants, regional fees, BUMD, and others in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The results showed that the types of local taxes and levies have an effect on the potential for local revenue. Regional taxes and levies that are not potential, effective, efficient and economical in the end will harm the community and local government as tax collectors because taxes and levies do not hit the target and the realization of regional revenues is not optimal. With the more regional needs can be financed by Regional Original Revenue, the higher the quality level of regional autonomy, the more self-reliant the regional finances are.
Keyword: types of local taxes, levies, potential local revenue.
Abstraks: Komponen penelitian ini mengexplorasi pendapatan asli daerah era Covid-19 yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kontribusi penerimaan pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah guna membantu masyarakat yang tidak mampu. Pemerintah daerah harus mempunyai pengetahuan keahlian sumberdaya mnusia yang andal dan dapat mengidentifikasikan tentang sumber-sumber pendapatan asli daerah yang potensial terutama dari pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah guna membantu keuangan masyarakat daerah yang terdampak wabah Corona. Pendapatan asli daerah berbeda dengan yang lainya dimana era wabah Covid-19 pendapatan asli daerah berkurang. Bantuan pemerintah daerah pada rakyat yang terdampak Corona berasal dari dana perimbangan keuangan serta peran pemerintah pusat dan daerah dari sumber-sumber penerimaan daerah dalam rangka penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah adalah dari pendapatan asli daerah, dana perimbangan, pinjaman daerah dan lain-lain pendapatan daerah yang sah.Metode yang digunakan dalam penenlitian menggunakan alat uji PLS (Partial Least Square). Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa kuesioner dan dibagikan kepada 250 duaratus lima puluh) responden yang merupakan wajib pajak yang mengembalikan sampel ada 150 wajib pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pada hotel & restoran, restribusi daerah, BUMD, dan lain-lain pada Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis-jenis pajak daerah, retribusi daerah berpengaruh terhadap potensial bagi pendapatan asli daerah. Pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah yang yang tidak potensial, efektif, efisien dan ekonomis pada akhirnya akan merugikan masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah sebagai pemungut pajak karena pajak dan retribusi tidak mengenai sasaran dan realisasi terhadap penerimaan daerah tidak optimal. Dengan semakin banyak kebutuhan daerah dapat dibiayai oleh Pendapatan Asli Daerah maka semakin tinggi tingkat kualitas otonomi daerah, semakin mandiri keuangan daerahnya.
Keyword: Jenis-Jenis Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah, Potensial Pendapatan Asli Daerah.
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Thayer, Carlyle A. "Southeast Asias Regional Autonomy Under Stress". Southeast Asian Affairs SEAA16, nr 1 (2016): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/aa16-1a.
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Ali Yusran Gea. "Politik Penyelenggaraan Otonomi Daerah Pasca Amandemen Keempat Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945". Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 6, nr 5 (3.08.2024): 1751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v6i5.1072.
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The principle of regulating regional autonomy in the 1945 Constitution is a measure of mutual respect between the federal and state governments. This regulation ensures that the federal government will take into account the interests of each state and territory. Article 18 of the Constitution of 1945 established rules for regional autonomy, which were later codified into Law 32 of 2004 on Regional Government. Decentralization is a key component of this law, which gives local governments more leeway to govern themselves. Law 23 of 2014, which dealt with the Regional Government, superseded this one because it transferred all powers from the federal government to the states and municipalities, with the exception of matters pertaining to foreign policy, defense, security, the judiciary, and money. The goal of granting regional autonomy is to empower the regional government here, the Regent, Mayor, and Regency/City legislators so that the region can flourish economically and generate more local original income (PAD).
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Sipayung, Baren, i Rido Doly Cristian. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY ON REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE". Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, nr 3 (30.06.2022): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i3.92.
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This article explains the essence, purpose, benefits for the region and the current development of regional autonomy and its practice in East Kalimantan. In this article, criticizing theoretically by concocting various data/theories being criticized is complemented by references to several relevant journals. Furthermore, analysis related to policy implementation by identifying various problems and challenges faced, as well as providing solutions on how to realize regional autonomy in East Kalimantan Province. In terms of applying the principles of regional financial management efficiently, economically, effectively, transparently, and responsibly by taking into account the sense of justice, propriety, and benefits for the community as well as the implementation of performance-based budgeting, the setting of cost standards in the imposition of Regional Expenditures is a form of financial management discretion. area by the Regional Government as long as it fulfills the provisions related to the designation, use, and conditions for the application of discretion as regulated in Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration.
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Kanika Bansal. "Impact of British Raj on the Education System in India: The Process of Modernization in the Princely States of India – The case of Mohindra College, Patiala". Creative Space 5, nr 1 (3.07.2017): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2017.51002.
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British rule is said to have been responsible for the modernization witnessed in the Indian civilization. The impact of this process was quiet evident from the changes adopted by the Indians in their life style, thinking processes, attires, food and education. Besides the advancements made in the spheres of roads, transports, postal services etc, their rule acted as a significant period of transition from the indigenous style of education to western education. The foundations were laid by the East India Company and the Christian Missionaries to employ Indians for administrative tasks as well as to serve their political, economical and colonial interests. Originally the access to education was limited to the royal families, as the British were of the opinion that Indians could become aware of their rights and positions and protest against their Raj posing a threat to the British establishment in India. Lord Curzon’s efforts in the 20th century gave way to spread of higher education within the masses and channelized Indian education system. However the rulers of the Princely States in of India who were granted autonomy by the British to manage their own kingdoms acted as major agents to undertake the social and educational reforms within their territories. With the spread of education from elementary to higher levels, many new schools, universities and other institutions were developed during this period which are symbols of educational advancement as well as hold high architectural merit. Patiala, aprime princely state is a well known academic centre also important for its rich culture since the British Raj. Education in Patiala originated under the Maharajas with the opening of the school of languages in 1860A.D. With the introduction of Mahindra College (the first Degree College in a city) in 1870, became came an important educational centre. It was the only college between Delhi and Lahore for a long time that promoted contemporary higher learning in Northern India. The historic college building represents an aesthetic mix of regional interpretation of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture. Later on many educational institutes catering to medical facilities, sports education etc. was set up in this princely state. This paper is thus an attempt to explore the education reforms during the British Raj, the changes that happened and their triggers. It also brings out reforms initiated in Princely States specifically Patiala as a seat of learning and a detailed study of the Mohindra College, Patiala, that represents an excellent example of educational institutions developed during the 19th century. The present study was done as a part of an academic project undertaken during Masters of Architecture under the able guidance of Prof Kiran Joshi..
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Horoshkova, Lidiia, Vladimir Volkov i Іevhen Khlobystov. "Decentralized pricing management in housing and municipal economy". University Economic Bulletin, nr 43 (20.11.2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-59-66.
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Actuality of research theme. The process of Ukraine's integration into the European Community actualizes the issue of the compliance of the administrative and territorial structure with European principles of regional and local development organization, and the formation of local self-government. Nowadays the problem of developing an effective system of management of the infrastructure united territorial communities (UTCs) formation in the context of administrative and territorial reform implementation based on the principles of decentralization becomes especially acute. Problem statement. Nowadays conditions, the reform of the administrative-territorial structure and the decentralization of power in Ukraine require special attention to the problem of housing and communal services management, since its maintenance is ensured by local authorities and created in the process of reforming the united territorial communities (OTСs). Analysis of the last researches and publications. The modern aspects of decision of problems of development of territorial communities and local self-government such scientists engage in, as Pavliuk A. P., Oliinyk D. I., Batalov O. A., Datsko O. I., Murkovych L. L., Molodozhen Yu. B.and other [1-4]. The results of own researches of problem are in to [5-13]. Selection of unexplored parts of general issue. The new administrative and territorial system should become the basis for constructing a new model of territorial administration, based on the principles of decentralization, subsidiarity, balance of national interests with regional and territorial communities` interests representation, local self-governance widespread, territorial communities` power and autonomy, coherence with natural geographical capacity. That is why the problem of mechanism for managing regional housing and communal services programs and to determine the optimal pricing models taking into account world experience. Task statement, research aim. To search for new mechanisms of efficient pricing management in housing and utilities using world experience and peculiarities of domestic business practices. Method or methodology of realization of research. In the process of realization researches drawn on scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstracting, economical-mathematical design, etc.) methods of study of the economic phenomena and processes. Exposition of basic material (job performances). In the world practice certain methods of pricing under natural monopoly were formed. The analysis of the essence and peculiarities of these methods to adopt the best practices: а) Rate of return regulation. This is the most traditional approach to set price of goods (services) of natural monopolies. It is based on cost-plus pricing calculation. It is used in Ukraine. b) Price cap regulation (price restrictions). The method`s essence is to set fixed maximum price limitations by the regulatory institution. The institution has the right to set the price, which is lower or equals the limit, and to profit. As the profit does not correlate to costs, there is the stimulating mechanism to cut them. The model assumes quite a long period between tariff revisions – 4-5 years. c) Profit-sharing plan with sliding scale. Unlike the previous method, in which natural monopoly gains significant profits, this method assumes to use the sliding scale of profit distribution between a producer and a consumer. d) Price discrimination. Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that charges customers or their groups’ different prices for the same product or service. Price difference does not depend on production costs or supply costs. Price discrimination is possible if consumers` direct price elasticity of demand is different. Conclusions. The analysis of the natural monopoly`s world pricing practice, including national housing and utilities sector has been carried out. It has been stated that the main methods of monopolistic pricing are: rate of return regulation; price cap regulation (price restrictions); profit-sharing plan with sliding scale; price discrimination; multi-rate tariffs; pricing for different competition forms, compatible with natural monopoly.The obtained findings prove the necessity of modification to the housing and utilities sector’s monopoly market by implementation of competition elements.
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Hijano del Río, Manuel, i Manuel Ruiz Romero. "Prensa, poder y autonomismo andaluz: el caso de la Asamblea Regional Andaluza (1933)". RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación, nr 18 (2022): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rihc.2022.i18.02.
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Esta investigación tiene como objetivos examinar si la prensa estudiada pretende determinar, influir, orientar o dirigir el debate público ante una situación política novedosa y única en la Historia de Andalucía y, con ello, marcar la actuación política del poder y, en segundo lugar, en caso positivo, identificar las estrategias usadas para conseguir esos fines. Este artículo focaliza su objeto de investigación en la prensa editada en Andalucía entre los años 1931 y 1934, donde se incluyen cabeceras tanto de ámbito local como las de carácter general. En total, se han analizado 35 periódicos, elegidos bajo los criterios de abarcar todo el espectro ideológico -desde los conservadores- hasta la extrema izquierda, incluyendo la prensa nacionalista/regionalista andaluza- así como, en el caso de la prensa local, las ocho provincias que componen la región andaluza. Se confirma que la prensa escrita jugó un papel destacado a la hora de perfilar una posición frente al proceso autonomista andaluz durante la Segunda República. En el caso que nos ocupa, los intereses de cada enfoque se vieron reflejados en todos los números y utilizaron diferentes estrategias tanto dilatorias como dinamizadoras.
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Koosentse, Chwaro, Thabang Motswaledi i Olerato Manyaapelo. "The implication of Brexit on Africa’s regional integration". Journal of BRICS Studies 1, nr 2 (3.07.2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jbs.v1i2.1059.
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Brexit in contemporary International Relations has noticeable implications that Africa and other relating states should tentatively be on the lookout, as such the study contends that Britain leaving the European Union (EU) not only imposes negative attributes to African states, economically, politically, structurally and socially, but draws questionable attributes to the advocacy of Africa’s integration processes. Because of the diverse and multiple regional organizations, the study utilizes the African Union (AU) as an example to illustrate the impact Brexit will bear on regional institutions and equally impact on individual states’ quest to continue integrating with other states. The adoption of qualitative techniques is solely to assist the study in describing the impact of Brexit, both for states to learn to better their regional institutions or to advocate for national autonomy just as Britain is endeavoring. In assessing Africa’s perception amidst Brexit, the study holds that Britain’s endeavor for national autonomy threatens the principles of regional integration, as such, contributes significantly to the studying of Brexit’s multi-dimensional implications on Africa.
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Musviyanti, Fibriyani Nur Khairin, Hariman Bone, Muhammad Abadan Syakura i Rizky Yudaruddin. "Structure of local government budgets and local fiscal autonomy: Evidence from Indonesia". Public and Municipal Finance 11, nr 1 (2.08.2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.07.
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This study aimed to investigate the critical aspects of Indonesia’s local government budget structure. The impact of the budget on local fiscal autonomy was also examined by separating the sample of provinces in Java Island and Bali versus Non-Java Island and Bali. The unbalanced panel data was collected on 34 Indonesian provinces from 2013 to 2020. The results showed that locally-generated revenue and general allocation funds positively affect the regional fiscal autonomy index. These results indicate that local revenue and general allocation funds have improved regional fiscal autonomy. When the provincial sample is separated, general allocation funds positively and significantly affect the regional fiscal autonomy index in the provinces of Java Island and Bali. Furthermore, locally-generated revenue, as well as general allocation and profit-sharing funds, play a significant role in increasing the regional fiscal autonomy index in provinces outside Java and Bali, such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. These findings suggest that different geographical conditions and infrastructure have varying effects on encouraging regional fiscal autonomy. This study invites policymakers to address the strengthening of regional authority to explore income sources and budgeting quality and evaluate intergovernmental fiscal relationships. AcknowledgmentThe authors express gratitude to the three anonymous reviewers and seminar attendees at Mulawarman University for their insightful comments.
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Amin, Rizal Irvan, i Isharyanto Isharyanto. "Asymmetrical sequential decentralization: Resetting the paradigm of regional autonomy". Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, nr 4 (2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i4art3.
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This paper explores the issues related to the future regional autonomy regulation in Indonesia as an evaluation material and efforts to find and reformulate the ideal form of decentralization as the basis for working relations between the central and the regional government. The “zigzag” pattern that has been applied in autonomy policy in Indonesia, between centralization or decentralization and between symmetrical or asymmetrical decentralization, does not indicate any grand design in the implementation of regional autonomy. Therefore, a new blueprint that is able to become a paradigm and guideline for the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia is needed in order to achieve regional fiscal independence. This research is normative legal research based on deductive logic to build positive law by using secondary data sources and legal materials (Marzuki, 2010). This research indicated that the meaning of decentralization as a process (Falleti, 2005) and the educational mechanism are significantly related to achieving regional independence. In essence, the transfer of knowledge concerning the government’s capability in management should be more prioritized and must be given first before handing over the autonomy authority.
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Feltenstein, Andrew, i Shigeru Iwata. "Decentralization and macroeconomic performance in China: regional autonomy has its costs". Journal of Development Economics 76, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.01.004.
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Kokubun, Keisuke. "Regional Difference in the Organizational Commitment-Rewards Relationship in Vietnam". Journal of Management and Sustainability 7, nr 3 (2.08.2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v7n3p22.
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This study investigates the relationship between rewards and the organizational commitment (OC) of 5,522 employees who work for 5 Japanese companies in Vietnam focusing on the difference between Red River Delta (Hanoi and surrounding provinces) and South East (Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding provinces). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that co-worker support had stronger influence on OC in Red River Delta than in South East. On the other hand, benefit satisfaction had stronger influence on OC in South East than in Red River Delta. Other rewards (i.e., fatigue, supervisor support and autonomy) were equally related with OC for both areas. These results mean that OC-rewards relationship differs between regions and indicate signs of increasing individualism among Vietnamese employees in more economically developed parts of the country. Discussions and implications concerning human resource management in Vietnam are offered.
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Ibrahim, Danial, Asna Aneta, Eduart Wolok i Yanti Aneta. "Optimising Fiscal Decentralisation: Addressing Financial Management Challenges in Gorontalo Province". Policy & Governance Review 8, nr 3 (18.12.2024): 323. https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v8i3.1092.
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Fiscal decentralisation is the basic capital to reach better governance, regional development, and fiscal autonomy. This paper discusses financial management barriers and opportunities in the Gorontalo Province, a region with low fiscal autonomy, as shown by its index and heavy dependency on central government transfer. This qualitative research, using data from interviews and document studies, found various inefficiencies in the province, such as incongruence between expenditures and revenues, lack of coordination among stakeholders, non-compliance by taxpayers, and delays in financial reporting. Drawing on the theoretical work of Schick (1998) for a framework for public expenditure management and using empirical evidence, this paper proposes an integrated strategy toward a better fiscal management system, diversification of revenue sources, enhancements in planning techniques, introduction of comprehensive accounting mechanisms, and stakeholder participation. This paper contributes to the debate on fiscal decentralisation by giving practical suggestions on how to achieve fiscal autonomy and promote sustainable development in economically less-developed regions.
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Dragoman, Dragoş, i Bogdan Gheorghiţă. "Regional Design, Local Autonomy, and Ethnic Struggle: Romania’s Syncopated Regionalisation". Europe-Asia Studies 68, nr 2 (7.02.2016): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1136594.
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Fiseha, Assefa. "Local Level Decentralization in Ethiopia: Case Study of Tigray Regional State". Law and Development Review 13, nr 1 (25.02.2020): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0006.
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AbstractBased on the literature on decentralization, this article investigates the institutional arrangement and autonomy of local governments in Tigray Regional state. It is based on two rounds of field work covering nine districts. At a formal level, local governments are autonomous units with some defined mandates including power to decide on policy issues. In reality however, local governments in the study area act more as deconcentrated than as autonomous units since their autonomy is curtailed by higher level governments and party structures. Local governments are thus extension arms of the regional state with little autonomy of their own. Institutions such as elected councils, mayors and the executive exist at the local level but there is more vertical than horizontal accountability. As a result, local Councils have not been able to ensure accountability. Thus decentralization has not resulted in popular control of local governance and local-level development as interests of the party and the local political elite prevail over popular interests. The article calls for rethinking the design of local government that would constitute a local government deal that shifts decision-making away from higher level institutions to the local level, constituting multi-stake holders having control over the affairs of local government.
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Del Bo, Chiara F. "Fiscal Autonomy and EU Structural Funds". Public Finance Review 46, nr 1 (5.08.2016): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116661409.
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In light of the principle of additionality, the inflow of European Union (EU) funds should complement domestic public funds, which are required to cofinance the investment. EU funds should either be unrelated to fiscal decisions of recipient regions, and as such should not affect taxation choices, or they could imply an increase in taxation to finance the additional domestic funds required by the additionality principle. Empirical results linking fiscal autonomy of Italian regions, considered by looking at the number and the level of average tax rates for the regional surcharge on the personal income tax and committed EU funds, suggest the existence of a significant relationship, even after controlling for relevant economic and political factors. The level of average tax rates is lower the more EU funds are received, as is the complexity of the system, measured by the number of income tax brackets.
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Tranchant, Jean-Pierre. "Is Regional Autonomy a Solution to Ethnic Conflict? Some Lessons from a Dynamic Analysis". Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 22, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2016-0028.
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AbstractDoes granting regional autonomy to concentrated minorities appease their demand for sovereignty or instead motivate and enable them to engage in secessionist conflicts? To answer this question is difficult as moves towards federalism and decentralization are themselves the results of strategic interactions between the state and the minorities. In this note, I intend to shed some light on this question by looking at how ethnic civil wars and autonomy are dynamically linked. This shows that for locally dominant groups, the risk of war monotonically decreases in the years leading to and following autonomy. For groups that are a minority locally, however, the risk of war sharply increases in the lead-up to autonomy, and quickly falls afterwards, suggesting strategic behavior.
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Sondakh, Lucky, i Gavin Jones. "An economic survey of northern Sulawesi: turning weaknesses into strengths under regional autonomy". Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 39, nr 3 (grudzień 2003): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007491032000142755.
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Wu, Wanqiang, Peter C. H. Chan i Xifen Lin. "Urban Pollution Governance, Prosecutor-led Environmental Public Interest Litigation and Regional Environmental Disparities in China: Evidence from 282 Cities". China: An International Journal 22, nr 4 (listopad 2024): 73–95. https://doi.org/10.56159/chn.2024.a945294.
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Abstract: Experts frequently discuss the reduction of regional environmental disparities in China, but they often overlook the role of the judiciary, particularly prosecutor-led environmental public interest litigation. Using cases of such litigation initiated by intermediate and basic procuratorates, and economic and pollution data of 282 cities for the 2018–21 period, this article demonstrates that prosecutor-led environmental public interest litigations have the potential to reduce China’s environmental disparities in general. However, their implementation varies according to cities’ respective level of economic development. This diversity arises from at least three primary factors: more affluent cities may possess more prosecutors with stronger environmental awareness; these cities have more litigation resources for this type of litigation; and they have greater procuratorial autonomy in the local economy, albeit weaker protection, that allows for initiating more prosecutor-led environmental public interest litigations. This article highlights the importance of prosecutor-led environmental public interest litigation in mitigating environmental disparities in China. It recommends increased investment in litigation resources, enhanced personnel training and greater judicial autonomy in less economically developed cities to amplify the impact of such litigation efforts in reducing such disparities.
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Яковюк, Іван Васильович, Олеся Янівна Трагнюк i Бойчук Дмитро Сергійович. "Strategic autonomy of the European Union: on the way to «European Sovereignty» in defense?" Problems of Legality, nr 149 (10.06.2020): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.149.199902.
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2019 marked 20 years since EU Member States decided to create a joint EU approach to security and defense. The paper raises the question on finding new approaches to provide security and defense in Europe in the current context, as well as the formation of a new paradigm for research on regional security in Europe. Traditional approaches to the study of European integration (neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism) are of little use for theorizing the development of European defense in conditions of new challenges and threats to national and regional security, as well as transatlantic solidarity violations. The article studies European Strategic Autonomy (ESA), which refers to the ability of the European Union, in conjunction with Member States, to independently determine its own priorities according to which to take decisions and implement them in the fields of foreign policy, security and defense. ESA is not synonymous with independence, nor does it deny membership in military-political alliances, since a more realistic scenario implies positioning itself as a European pillar of NATO. The implementation of the idea of building a "european sovereignty" in the field of security and defense implies that the European Union should take bigger responsibility for its own security, the security of its neighbors, andshould strengthen its role in transatlantic relations without opposing NATO. In order to move from rhetoric to concrete policy steps, the EU needs to develop a plan of measures for political, institutional and industrial action. It means that achieving real autonomy requires time and joint efforts by EU institutions and Member State governments. However, political and institutional autonomy can be built exclusively within the whole Union, while military-industrial autonomy can be initiated and implemented by a group of the most economically and technologically advanced EU Member States.
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Phyu, May Zin, i Dilgasa Bedada Gonfa. "The Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Myanmar: A Fiscal Decentralization Perspective". Journal of Economic Research & Reviews 5, nr 1 (24.01.2025): 01–10. https://doi.org/10.33140/jerr.05.01.02.
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This study's main goal is to investigate how government spending affects Myanmar's economic growth, with an emphasis on fiscal decentralization and local governments' financial capabilities. Utilizing panel data collected spanning fifteen Myanmar regional states between 2000 and 2021, the study first used a fixed effects model before using quantile regression to confirm the findings' robustness. Secondary records supplied by the Budget Department and the Department of the Ministry of Planning and Finance served as the source of the data. The study's findings indicate that while labor and net exports have a negative impact on Myanmar's economic growth, financial decentralization, government spending, both decentralization and centralization, foreign direct investment, and the general populace all significantly and positively contribute to economic growth. Nonetheless, there is a statistically significant positive interaction between fiscal decentralization and government spending that results in economic growth. Government expenditure, decentralization for economic growth, and recommendations all play a major role in developing policies aimed at reducing poverty. This area has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing poverty in Myanmar's regional states by providing aid to low-income or employed individuals who lack access to financial resources. Finally, by advancing understanding of regional supervisory skills beyond certifications, the government may use local expenditures as well as fiscal decentralization to improve development competitiveness, thus promoting regional autonomy and revolutionizing national economies.
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Nicolaides, Phedon. "Fiscal State Aid in the EU: The Limits of Tax Autonomy". World Competition 27, Issue 3 (1.09.2004): 365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2004021.
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<p>This article reviews the application of the European Community’s State aid rules to tax measures. It updates and extends a previous review published in this Journal in 2001 and evaluates critically recent policy trends.</p><p>Although there is no doubt that State aid rules apply to national tax measures even where there are no specific Community fiscal provisions, during the past couple of years the Commission has widened the scope of application of State aid rules. The Commission has recently found a number of national measures to be incompatible with State aid rules on the grounds that they indirectly favour certain enterprises by assessing their tax liability using special methods of calculating their relevant costs. This article examines how tax measures can be caught in this way by State aid rules.</p><p>The article also evaluates a case where regional tax measures were found to be a form of State aid because they deviated from national measures. This is the most worrisome policy development because it appears to restrict the fiscal autonomy of local and regional authorities and to contradict the principle of subsidiarity. Using economic analysis, the article finds that when regions have fiscal autonomy there is no a priori reason to expect that their tax rates will remain uniform. It concludes that in this respect the Commission has stretched the meaning of State aid too far.</p>
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Yusuf, Sitti Khalilah, Muslimin Muslimin i Husnah Husnah. "ANASLISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN DAERAH KABUPATEN MOROWALI". Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Universitas Tadulako (JIMUT) 1, nr 3 (30.09.2015): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/jimut.v1i3.34.
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Analysis of Financial Performance and Regional Independence of Morowali District. In the implementation of regional autonomy, the district government is required to be able to finance its own governance. This indicates that local governments have greater responsibilities in managing their finances and increasing their level of regional autonomy. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct performance appraisal and financial capacity of local government to know the development of financial management every year. This research uses descriptive quantitative research type using ratio analysis tool. The results of the analysis show that the Financial Performance of Morowali District Government is seen from (1) Effectiveness Ratio of PAD effectiveness of financial performance of Morowali Regency can be categorized as Not Effective (2) Ratio of Financial Efficiency of Region can categorize Less Efficient (3) Economic Ratio can be categorized economically (4) Regional Financial Independence can be said to be very low with an instructive relationship pattern. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan dan Kemandirian Daerah Kabupaten Morowali. Dalam pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, pemerintah Kabupaten dituntut untuk mampu membiayai sendiri penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Hal ini menandakan pemerintah daerah memiliki tanggung jawab lebih besar dalam mengelola keuangan serta meningkatkan tingkat kemandirian daerahnya. Sehubungan hal itu perlu dilakukan penilaian kinerja serta kemampuan keuangan pemerintah daerah untuk mengetahui perkembangan pengelolaan keuangan setiap tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisis rasio. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Morowali dilihat dari (1) Rasio Efektivitas PAD efektivitas kinerja keuangan Kabupaten Morowali dapat dikategorikan Tidak Efektif (2) Rasio Efisiensi Keuangan Daerah dapat kategorikan Kurang Efisien (3) Rasio Ekonomis dapat dikategorikan ekonomis (4) Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah dapat dikatakan tergolong sangat rendah dengan pola hubungan instruktif.
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Gambino, Silvio. "Parabole evolutive e problematiche attuali del regionalismo, fra riforme attuate, inattuate (federalismo fiscale, Carta delle autonomie) e aleggiate (regionalismo differenziato) .. a vent'anni dalla riforma del Titolo V della Costituzione". CITTADINANZA EUROPEA (LA), nr 2 (styczeń 2022): 63–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ceu2021-002003.
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Dopo qualche cenno (anche di tipo metodologico) sulle problematiche evolutive del regionalismo nel primo dopoguerra repubblicano, nel contributo sono analizzate - anche in una prospettiva comparata con le omologhe forme di decentramento territoriale dei poteri osservabili negli Stati europei a forma regionale e in quelli a forma federale - alcune delle problematiche del riparto dei poteri alla luce dei venti anni successivi alle riforme costituzionali del Titolo V, per interrogarsi conclusivamente sui nuovi rapporti venutisi a determinare fra autonomia politica regionale, impatto della crisi economica, integrazione europea e problematiche di effettività dei diritti, soprattutto (sociali ma non solo).
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Mahmuddin, Mahmuddin, Laura M. Kolopaking, Rilus A. Kinseng, Sadu Wasistiono i Saharuddin Saharuddin. "The Existence of Gampong in the Middle of Changing Community". KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, nr 1 (18.02.2016): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i1.4967.
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The passage of Act No. 18, 2001 on regional autonomy and followed up with the issuance of Qanun No. 4, 2003 on mukim, and Qanun No. 5, 2003 on gampong and reinforced by UUPA No. 11, 2006 on Acehnese government is a history of social identity of Acehnese society, which has been neglected during the conflict. The regional government has made some breakthroughs and one of the breakthroughs was gampong revitalization through a program called back to gampong. The study aims to answer the dynamic of revitalization of gampong institution in the middle of special autonomy implementation and the implementation of Qanun gampong in the administration of gampong institution. The study shows that the implementation of program back to gampong encourages the strengthening process of gampong institution as well as weakens the institution itself. The development of gampong that focuses on physical aspect has created coordination gap among officials of gampong institution in planning system and financial management. The tug in the mechanism of financial development and management at gampong has created a space for the involvement and influence from gampong elite in gampong governance. Non-uniform honorary allocation for gampong governmental apparatus is one of indicators of weak role and function of gampong cultural institution because the previous inherent communal values have been calculated economically.
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Cavallo, Maria Caterina, Filippo Cipriani, Simone Gerzeli, Nadia Demarteau, Alessia Marocco i Francesco Bamfi. "L’introduzione del vaccino anti-HPV bivalente adiuvato con AS04 nelle regioni italiane: impatto economico ed effetti sulla salute delle donne". Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 9, nr 1S (15.09.2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v9i1s.998.
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Introduction: the impact of cervical cancer prevention, in particular through HPV female vaccination, has been published for many countries at the national level. However, to our knowledge no attempt has been made to address the impact at a regional level. Since the Italian health reforms of the early 1990s, introducing “managerialism”, decentralization and quasi-market mechanisms, regional authorities have consequently been experimenting with different organizational and funding models to achieve an acceptable combination of equity, efficiency, freedom of choice and cost-containment. Methods: a Markov model, previously described and successfully adapted to the national scenario [La Torre, 2007], has been used to explore the impact of preventive cervical cancer vaccination with Cervarix™ at a regional level in Italy. Resource use was based on a standard therapeutic path applied to all regions. However we quantified the impact of the so-called “decentralization progress” by collecting regional data on: pap-test coverage, tariffs for treatments and cost of the vaccination course. We performed for each Italian region a cost-effectiveness analysis combined with a regional budget impact analysis. The regional analyses compared HPV vaccination, both of a single female cohort (12 years old) and a multiple female cohort (12+16 years old), plus screening to screening only. Results: 21 regional reports were produced presenting regional results on screening coverage, treatments costs, ICER and ICUR, net cost per subject vaccinated etc. Conclusions: national and regional analyses have two different aims: the former wants to address national regulatory agencies and needs to be representative of the national population whereas the latter deals with the real budget-holders, accountable in the eyes of patients. Furthermore in the Italian scenario, characterized by decentralization and local autonomy, a further level of detail is essential in order to describe the specific local settings and implications of a new health intervention.
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Sherstyukov, Sergey. "Turkey’s Relations with the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in the 21st Century: In Search of Strategic Autonomy". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, nr 1 (marzec 2024): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.17.
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Introduction. Turkey’s search for a new regional and global role in a changing world order has increased Ankara’s attention to the Global South, which was peripheral to its foreign policy priorities during the Cold War. Although Ankara’s growing engagement and influence in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has attracted increasing attention from the research community, Turkey’s foreign policy in this region is still poorly understood. This article attempts to explore Turkey’s policy in LAC during the first decades of the 21st century, placing it in the context of Turkey’s increasing desire for “strategic autonomy.” Methods. The author used a case study approach to analyze Turkey’s policy in LAC. Results. After the Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey in 2002, Turkey began a systematic effort to develop relations with LAC, expanding political, economic, and cultural ties with countries in the region. Since the July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, Turkey’s foreign policy has been increasingly guided by the desire for “strategic autonomy.” Growing mistrust and conflicts in Turkey’s relations with the U.S. and the EU have increased Ankara’s interest in seeking alternative partnerships and building situational alliances. Although Ankara’s growing ties with LAC countries (especially Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina) increase the autonomy of its foreign policy, Turkey remains critically dependent on the West, both economically and in terms of security.
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Panov, Petr, i Cameron Ross. "Levels of Centralisation and Autonomy in Russia’s ‘Party of Power’: Cross-Regional Variations". Europe-Asia Studies 68, nr 2 (7.02.2016): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1125854.
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Orel, Yurii, Oleg Kulinich, Serhii Korniievskyi, Svitlana Serohina i Liliya Gryshko. "The impact of decentralization on regional development in Ukraine: challenges and opportunities in the post-war era". Revista Amazonia Investiga 13, nr 80 (30.08.2024): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.80.08.9.
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Decentralization, the transfer of power and resources from central to local governments, has been a key outcome of Ukraine's administrative reform. At the same time, many processes were implemented based on the experience of European countries, which emphasised Ukraine's European integration aspirations. This article examines the achievements and challenges of decentralization, particularly in the context of post-war reconstruction. Through content analysis of relevant literature, the study finds that newly formed territorial communities have gained greater financial autonomy and decision-making power, fostering local development initiatives. However, legislative gaps, lack of experience, and coordination challenges with regional authorities persist. The study concludes that aligning with European decentralization models and adapting legislation accordingly are crucial for Ukraine's regional development and successful post-war recovery. It emphasizes the need for further research on the interplay between decentralization and regional socioeconomic progress, especially considering the unique context of ongoing conflict. In conclusion, it is substantiated that adherence to the European vector of development and approximation of domestic legislation to the best European standards is the key to the success of the country as a whole and the formation of strong, economically viable regions.
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Choi, Woo Yong. "Determination of jurisdiction of Saemangeum area from the perspective of national interest". Korean Administrative Law Association 27 (30.09.2024): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59826/kdps.27.59.
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(1) There is a limit to the decision of maritime jurisdiction by the Constitutional Court. There is a problem of legislative formation in which the Constitutional Court determines the criteria for defining maritime jurisdiction, and it is difficult to prevent disputes in advance. And it has a fundamental limitation that the scope of the Constitutional Court's decision is limited to specific cases. Moreover, if the dispute is prolonged, the damage caused by it eventually falls to the residents. There are also limitations in the judgment of the judiciary on landfills. Its limitations are as pointed out in the text. Moreover, with our judicial system, which is resolved by case by case, it is not possible to comprehensively resolve the jurisdiction dispute in the Saemangeum area, which is likely to continue in the future. If so, judicial solutions that promote conflict and division should no longer be avoided. The profits of the Saemangeum project are not limited to one or several local governments due to the nature of the project. The profits from the Saemangeum project should be actively considered to return to the interests of the ours beyond the interests of the region and residents. (2) In order to solve the problem in the Saemangeum area, the measures proposed by the author through administrative integration or establishment of special local government can be much more economical and resident-friendly than individual jurisdiction over the newly established landfill. As a result, it can be a bright idea to connect with the national interest. The problem is the stakeholders of the present and the future. Above all, local politicians based on local politics will be the biggest obstacle. This is well illustrated by the past case of administrative integration. In the end, public opinion and residents' decision are important. If the relevant laws and regulations are well utilized, a referendum will be possible. Therefore, it is also proposed to introduce binding regulations in the Referendum Act or the Balanced Development of Autonomous Decentralization Act that prevent heads of organizations from making decisions against them on matters that have been referendum. (3) Currently, we have a serious problem of the times, the imbalance between the center and the region. The word ‘local extinction’ is no longer an unfamiliar word but a common noun in the present form. At this time, whether it is administrative integration or the establishment of a special local government, if a decision is made at the national level for the Saemangeum region, it will be an event that will mark a great milestone in Korea's administrative and local government history. I mention a few things to be particularly careful about in the debate. At the same time as the integration discussion, a discussion on the drastic transfer of state affairs should also be conducted. The success of administrative integration or special local governments depends on what duties they will perform. Therefore, in order for the Saemangeum region to enjoy both national and regional interests through administrative integration, the autonomy of major projects related to the Saemangeum region is transferred or delegated to the local government. Otherwise, the Saemangeum region is feared to become a large local government that only performs agency commissions under the direct control of another state. To ensure institutional security in this regard, it may be possible to consider enacting special laws such as the tentatively named ‘Act on Administrative Affairs performed in Saemangeum Area’ to transfer affairs to local governments or special local governments established in Saemangeum area. Of course, it is necessary to accelerate the development of office work that special local governments can carry out.
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Montanari, Marco. "Between European integration and regional autonomy: the case of Italy from an economic perspective". Constitutional Political Economy 17, nr 4 (18.10.2006): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10602-006-9007-8.
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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, Gerard Padró I Miquel, Nancy Qian i Yang Yao. "The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China". American Economic Review 112, nr 9 (1.09.2022): 2921–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181249.
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We posit that autocrats introduce local elections when their bureaucratic capacity is low. Local elections exploit citizens’ informational advantage in keeping local officials accountable, but they also weaken vertical control. As bureaucratic capacity increases, the autocrat limits the role of elected bodies to regain vertical control. We argue that these insights can explain the introduction of village elections in rural China and the subsequent erosion of village autonomy years later. We construct a novel dataset to document political reforms, policy outcomes, and de facto power for almost four decades. We find that the introduction of elections improves popular policies and weakens unpopular ones. Increases in regional government resources lead to loss of village autonomy, but less so in remote villages. These patterns are consistent with an organizational view of local elections within autocracies. (JEL D72, D73, D83, O17, O18, P25, P26)
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Casson, Anne, i Krystof Obidzinski. "From New Order to Regional Autonomy: Shifting Dynamics of “Illegal” Logging in Kalimantan, Indonesia". World Development 30, nr 12 (grudzień 2002): 2133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00125-0.
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Anwar ul Mustafa Shah, Tufail Asghar i Dr Farhana kousar. "The Role of Regional Geopolitics in Shaping Pakistan-Bangladesh Relations in The 21st Century". Social Science Review Archives 3, nr 1 (8.02.2025): 1332–41. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.434.
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The relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh in the 21st century is deeply shaped by evolving regional geopolitical dynamics. Historically strained due to the events surrounding Bangladesh’s independence in 1971, relations between the two nations remain complex, characterized by lingering distrust and historical grievances. However, the shifting balance of power in South Asia, driven by strategic alliances and regional competition, continues to redefine this bilateral relationship. Pakistan, keen on expanding its regional influence, views Bangladesh’s growing partnership with India as a strategic challenge. This dynamic has intensified Pakistan's efforts to engage Bangladesh diplomatically and economically, aiming to balance India’s expanding influence in the region. Conversely, Bangladesh is navigating its foreign policy with increasing autonomy, balancing relations with regional powers like India, China, and Pakistan to safeguard its national interests. Regional geopolitics, particularly the strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan and the rising influence of China in South Asia, significantly impact Pakistan-Bangladesh relations. Bangladesh's active participation in regional platforms like the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) further complicates the geopolitical landscape. Additionally, Bangladesh’s constitutional commitment to fostering fraternal ties with Pakistan, rooted in shared cultural and historical connections, presents opportunities for diplomatic engagement despite underlying tensions. This study explores how these geopolitical factors shape the diplomatic, economic, and strategic interactions between Pakistan and Bangladesh. It also examines whether Bangladesh can develop an independent and balanced foreign policy that allows it to engage Pakistan on its own terms. Understanding the role of regional geopolitics in this evolving relationship is crucial for predicting future developments and fostering a more stable and cooperative South Asian region.
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Tampemawa, Raymoon Brando Edwin. "THE EXISTENCE OF THE GOVERNOR'S SUPERVISION OF REGIONAL REGULATIONS AND REGIONAL HEAD REGULATIONS OF REGENCY/CITY IN THE UNITED STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA". Journal of the Community Development in Asia 5, nr 3 (20.09.2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v5i3.1797.
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The role of the Governor as a representative of the Government in this era of broad autonomy is very strategic, where as the holder of the mandate from the President to oversee Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations of Regency/City need to be strengthened. After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 137/PUU-XIII/2015, Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 120 of 2018, which essentially regulates the addition of Verification in preventive supervision, and changes in form from Cancellation to Clarification in repressive supervision. However, with the amendment of Article 251 of Law Number 23 of 2014 through Article 176 Point 3 of Law Number 11 of 2020, repressive supervision is no longer known. In contrast to Law Number 1 of 2022, repressive supervision of Regional Regulations concerning Regional Taxes and Levies is regulated, but it is no longer the authority of the Governor, but has been handled directly by the Central Government. This fact of legal norms weakens the existence of the Governor's supervision of Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations of Regency/City, so that an ideal concept is needed in the form of structural integration; through the establishment of regional regulatory bodies, as well as substantially; through the implementation of integrated supervisory regulations under the coordination of regional regulatory agencies, which are managed digitally. Key words: Supervision; Local Regulation/Regional Head Regulation; Unitary State.
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Mulska, Olha, Iryna Storonyanska, Khrystyna Patytska, Ulana Ivaniuk i Halyna Voznyak. "Economic growth of Ukrainian regions and determinants of financial resilience: Modeling the causal nexus". Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, nr 4 (16.11.2023): 398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.31.
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Stable economic progress and upward dynamics of economic growth in the regions depend on their level of security and ability to withstand adverse macroeconomic and other shocks, as well as the state of affairs in which risks cannot be transformed into threats and dangers. The study aims to assess the causal nexus and the level of sensitivity of regional economic growth components to changes in financial resilience determinants. The research methods include systemic and structural analyses (building an information and analytical model for studying financial resilience), Granger test (identifying causal relationships between the variables under study), risk theory (studying the nature of fluctuations), and spatial and temporal approach. Data from the regions (oblasts) of Ukraine between 2015 and 2021 form the informational and analytical basis of the study. The paper reveals that the targeted use of transfers for socio-economic progress, increasing investment capacity, and bolstering financial and budgetary autonomy through increasing local budget revenues are the dominant financial determinants of regional economic growth. The results show that the most dominant causal nexus exists between (1) budgetary efficiency, interest rates on consumer/mortgage loans, and SME development, (2) the volume of loans/deposits and labor market efficiency and SME development, and (3) innovation development and foreign economic cooperation. Intensification of investment activity is crucial for ensuring real changes in the economic structure of all regions, particularly outsiders, accelerating transformation processes, mitigating regional economic divergence, and increasing competitiveness. AcknowledgmentsThe study was conducted within the framework of the “Financial Determinants of Ensuring Economic Growth of Regions and Territorial Communities based on Behavioral Economics” project (№ 2020.02/0215) funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (Competition “Support for Research of Leading and Young Scientists”).
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Cherevko, Oleksandr, Larysa Samoylenko i Nataliia Voskoboynik. "EXECUTIVE BODIES OF REGIONAL COUNCILS AS AGENTS OF PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS". Economic scope, nr 195 (15.12.2024): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.30838/ep.195.95-101.
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The article examines the functional role of the executive bodies of regional councils in implementing public policy within the framework of decentralization reforms in Ukraine. The study emphasizes the importance of these executive bodies in ensuring efficient public administration at the regional level, particularly in response to the increasing autonomy granted to regions. Through an analysis of organizational structures, distribution of responsibilities, and the primary mechanisms utilized by executive bodies, the research highlights the capacity of these bodies to drive social and economic development, meet local community needs, and adapt state policies to specific regional contexts. Key functions such as planning, coordination, control, and monitoring are shown to be essential in ensuring effective program implementation and in achieving strategic objectives set by regional councils. The study underscores the role of regional councils as pivotal agents in upholding democratic governance principles. By fostering communication with the public, engaging with civil society organizations, and enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, executive bodies contribute to greater public trust and accountability in local governance. Moreover, the article explores several challenges impacting the effectiveness of regional council executive bodies, including limited funding, a fragmented regulatory framework, and weak interagency coordination. Such constraints hinder the optimal performance of regional councils, highlighting a need for improved collaboration between different levels of government and more coherent legislative support. The conclusions present a series of recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of regional executive bodies. These include securing adequate financing for socio-economically significant projects, developing the professional competencies of executive body personnel, and strengthening coordination with national authorities to align regional initiatives with national priorities. Additionally, the article suggests further exploration into the effects of decentralization reforms on regional governance outcomes and the development of modern tools to evaluate policy effectiveness at the regional level. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of regional public administration mechanisms in Ukraine and provide practical recommendations for advancing effective and responsible public policy implementation at the local level.
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Al Rasyid, Harun, i Agus Tri Indah K. "Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dan Belanja Modal Pada Peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2015 – 2022". Owner 7, nr 4 (1.10.2023): 3691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i4.1953.
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The implementation of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization gives regional governments the authority to increase regional revenues and realize distributive benefits so that they can determine regional development priorities. This human development concept prioritizes four elements, including productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The aim of this research is to understand how capital expenditure and PAD influence increasing the human development index. DKI Jakarta Province was the location for this research. The 2015-2022 APBD Performance Report and 2015-2022 HDI statistics are secondary data sources used in this research. By using multiple regression analysis, the requirements for traditional hypothesis testing and model feasibility testing are met. Regional initial income does not have a positive impact on the human development index. Capital expenditure does not have a negative impact on the human development index. For simultaneous calculations (F statistical testing), the conclusion is that regional sources of income and capital expenditure simultaneously influence the human development index. Based on hypothesis testing, it shows that PAD and capital expenditure have a positive and significant effect on increasing the human development index. This positive and significant influence means that the more PAD and capital expenditure increase, the higher the HDI will be. This increase was due to the allocation of initial regional income and investment expenditure being used well so that planned activities could be carried out smoothly.
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Arbatova, N. "The Baltic States and the EU Strategic Autonomy". World Economy and International Relations 67, nr 8 (2023): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-8-26-36.
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Nowadays, three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania – form the most solid core in the camp of European Atlanticists with a strong emphasis on the U.S. as the main security guarantee. Due to their geographical location, they have always been particularly acutely aware of the tension between East and West. With the beginning of Russia’s special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, the topic of a potential Russian threat has become predominant in their foreign policy discourse. The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the Baltic countries’ approaches to national and regional security and the main factors influencing the formation of these approaches, in particular, the relationship between Atlanticism and Europeanism. Particular attention is paid to the existing dichotomy of the Baltic countries in the field of European security, the catalyst of which was the European Union’s course on strategic autonomy. From the very beginning, the idea of strategic autonomy of the European Union did not arouse much enthusiasm in these countries because of the fear of breaking the strategic link between Europe and the United States. The course of the EU leadership towards strategic autonomy has violated the established picture of the world in the Baltic States: NATO, under the strong leadership of the United States, should provide collective defense against a potential Russian threat, and the EU – economic well-being and prosperity. The European Union was assigned a subsidiary and far from the main role in the field of security. However, being part of the EU, the Baltic States could no longer completely ignore the integration projects of Brussels in the field of European defense. If until February 24, 2022, the security policy of the Baltic countries was distinguished by balancing between the United States/NATO and the European Union, then the Ukrainian conflict has once again tipped the scales in favor of the Atlantic choice as the main guarantor of security.
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Berger, Michael, i Thomas Czypionka. "Regional medical practice variation in high-cost healthcare services". European Journal of Health Economics 22, nr 6 (15.04.2021): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01298-w.
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AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a popular yet cost-intensive diagnostic measure whose strengths compared to other medical imaging technologies have led to increased application. But the benefits of aggressive testing are doubtful. The comparatively high MRI usage in Austria in combination with substantial regional variation has hence become a concern for its policy makers. We use a set of routine healthcare data on outpatient MRI service consumption of Austrian patients between Q3-2015 and Q2-2016 on the district level to investigate the extent of medical practice variation in a two-step statistical analysis combining multivariate regression models and Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. District-level MRI exam rates per 1.000 inhabitants range from 52.38 to 128.69. Controlling for a set of regional characteristics in a multivariate regression model, we identify payer autonomy in regulating access to MRI scans as the biggest contributor to regional variation. Nevertheless, the statistical decomposition highlights that more than 70% of the regional variation remains unexplained by differences between the observable district characteristics. In the absence of epidemiological explanations, the substantial regional medical practice variation calls the efficiency of resource deployment into question.
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Summase, Idris, M. Saleh S. Ali, Darmawan Salman i Didi Rukmana. "Influence of Government Policy on Highland Agriculture Development in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia". International Journal of Agriculture System 7, nr 2 (28.12.2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v7i2.1916.
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Upland agriculture faces threats in the ecological crisis that will affect the sustainability of highland communities. The process lasts quite long because of external and internal influences, leading to ecological exploitation. Agricultural development, is closely related to the influence of government policy. Research focuses on discussing aspects of policy influence on the development of upland agriculture. The research is a qualitative study, using an inductive approach, the case of ethnic thorn communities in Enrekang Regency. The results of the study indicate that the three main policies that influence the development of upland agriculture are: 1). Political policy and government system, 2). Rural development policies and infrastructure, 3). Decentralization or regional autonomy, 4). Economic policies, especially investment and markets. The conclusion is that the development of agriculture is economically progressing in the shadow of the ecological crisis, drought, flooding and impact on humanitarian crisis, because it needs arrangements in land management and the application of technology for agricultural development.
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KRASUCKA, Maja. "Involvement of cities with county rights in financing tasks pertaining to physical culture". Economic and Environmental Studies 18, nr 4 (48) (26.11.2020): 1261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.48.5.
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Units of local governments in Poland are responsible for running actions in the sphere of physical culture. The growing number of people practicing sports, as well as social and rearing aspects related to sports exert an influence on the activity of sports clubs and social organizations which promote physical culture. While only some sports organizations are self-sufficient economically, most of them must rely on public support. In Poland, like in the majority of European countries, one of the main sources of financing are public grants. Cities with county rights (CCRs), being a specific type of commune, undertake tasks of both communes and counties. In the sphere of tasks pertaining to physical culture this can manifest itself by higher budgetary expenses in general, including grants. Local tasks connected with sport are stiffly defined by central regulations only to an insignificant extent. Therefore it is accepted that local governments possess considerable autonomy as regards deciding about allocation of the means assigned for their realization. This concerns also the grant-based expenses. Thus, the aim of the article is to examine whether the scale of expenses borne on physical culture, including local government grants, is dependent on the size of CCRs and on the level of their financial autonomy. In this paper, the author presents differences in expenses from budgets of CCRs on tasks pertaining to physical culture (Section 926 of the budgetary classification), with particular taking account of grants which constitute them. The basic tools of descriptive statistics and study of interdependences were used. A very large spatial difference in the examined variables, both in the regional framework and within the types of communes, was found. The mean interdependence was identified between grant-based expenses and the level of financial autonomy of the cities with county rights.