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1
Bülow, William. "Ethics of Imprisonment : Essays in Criminal Justice Ethics." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145357.
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This licentiate thesis consists of three essays which all concern the ethics of imprisonment and what constitutes an ethically defensible treatment of criminal offenders. Paper 1 defends the claim that prisoners have a right to privacy. I argue that the right to privacy is important because of its connection to moral agency. For that reasons is the protection of inmates’ right to privacy also warranted by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. I discuss the practical implications of this argument. Ultimately I argue the invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible without compromising other important values and rights to safety and security. In defending this position, I argue that respect for inmates’ privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment to better effect in the long run. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the close family members and children of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two competing perspectives in moral philosophy are applied in order to assess whether the harms are permissible. The first is consequentialist and the second is deontological, and it is argued that both of them fails and therefore it is hard to defend the position that allowing for these harms would be morally permissible, even for the sake of the overall aims of incarceration. Instead, it is argued that these harms imply that imprisonment should only be used as a last resort. Where it is necessary, imprisonment should give rise to special moral obligations towards families of prisoners. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are defended, categorized and clarified. Paper 3 evaluates electronic monitoring (EM) from an ethical perspective and discusses whether it could be a promising alternative to imprisonment as a criminal sanction for a series of criminal offenses. EM evaluated from an ethical perspective as six initial ethical challenges are addressed and discussed. It is argued that since EM is developing as a technology and a punitive means, it is urgent to discuss its ethical implications and incorporate moral values into its design and development.<br><p>QC 20140519</p>
2
Githaiga, Sandra J. N. "The effect of varied instructions on prison guard role behaviour expectations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/961.
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The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) was conducted to determine the psychological and behavioural effects of adopting the roles of prisoners or prison guards. In various published research articles Zimbardo reported that he instructed the prison guards to maintain law and order (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973). However, in the Quiet Rage video (Zimbardo, 1989), Zimbardo gave the prison guards additional detailed instructions. To examine the effects of these different instructions on expected prison guard role behaviour, first year Psychology students were requested to predict expected prison guard role behaviour under two different conditions. In the order condition, participants received the instructions used in published research articles. While in the fear condition, participants received the instructions from the Quiet Rage video (Zimbardo, 1989). Participants estimated the likelihood of 50 guard behaviours. Participants in the order condition predicted more pleasant behaviour, while participants in the fear condition predicted more unpleasant behaviours. This indicates that the different instructions influenced their intent to perform the different behaviours. There was no significant difference between the fear and order conditions, and the control behaviours. Participants in both the fear and order conditions rated the control items as expected prison guard role behaviour. Participants in both conditions indicated that they would behave in this manner. Gender had no significant influence on expected prison guard role behavior.
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Leymon, Mark Gregory Hannon 1979. ""Fixed" sentencing: The effects on imprisonment rates over time." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10906.
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xvii, 232 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Beginning in the 1970s, states adopted sentencing reforms as a response to a growing number of concerns in the criminal justice system. These reforms included sentencing guidelines, statutory presumptive sentencing, determinate sentencing, truth in sentencing, and three strikes laws. Each reform has become an important part of the judicial system. These "fixed" reforms shifted sentencing from the indeterminate-rehabilitation sentencing model to a more predetermined-deterrence model. The reforms' main purpose is to limit judicial discretion by insuring convicted felons receive a reasonably standard sentence depending on the crime they committed.
Few studies have attempted to systematically answer the question of whether these reforms produced the outcomes stated by their supporters. This analysis utilizes a social chain theory, which suggests the socio-political context of the law and order movement interacted with structural-procedural changes in the justice system that led to unintended consequences. The study assesses the effects of sentencing reforms on shifts in year-to-year changes in general incarceration rates, changes in the racial/ethnic composition of imprisonment, and changes in the gender composition of imprisonment. It also assesses the social, political, and demographic characteristics of states that change the rate of adoption of sentencing reforms across all 50 states from the years 1965 to 2008 on the aggregate state level.
This study finds, counter to most previous findings, that sentencing reforms are associated with higher rates of imprisonment. The results further suggest mechanisms are at work that unintentionally "target" historically disadvantaged groups, perpetuating inequalities within the criminal justice system instead of easing them. This result is counter to some of the policies' stated goals. Conversely, the results suggest that drug arrest rates and not sentencing reforms are associated with the narrowing gender gap in imprisonment. Finally, the results indicate that state-level characteristics are important in predicting which states will adopt sentencing reforms. From a policy perspective, rapid changes in the composition of imprisonment can be a logistical and financial burden, and these results shed light onto the specific mechanisms causing a portion of the change.
This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.<br>Committee in charge: Robert O Brien, Chairperson, Sociology;
Jean Stockard, Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt;
James Elliott, Member, Sociology;
Hill Walker, Outside Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences
4
Bülow, William. "Unfit to live among others : Essays on the ethics of imprisonment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199567.
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This thesis provides an ethical analysis of imprisonment as a mode of punishment. Consisting in an introduction and four papers the thesis addresses several important questions concerning imprisonment from a number of different perspectives and theoretical starting points. One overall conclusion of this thesis is that imprisonment, as a mode of punishment, deserves more attention from moral and legal philosophers. It is also concluded that a more complete ethical assessment of prison conditions and prison management requires a broader focus. It must include an explicit discussion of both how imprisonment directly affects prison inmates and its negative side-effects on third parties. Another conclusion is that ethical discussions on prison conditions should not be too easily reduced to a question about how harsh or lenient is should be. Paper 1 argues that prisoners have a right to privacy. It is argued that respect for inmates’ privacy is related to respect for them as moral agents. Consequently, respect for inmates’ privacy is called for by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. Practical implications of this argument are discussed and it is argued that invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible, without compromising other important values or the rights to safety and security. It is also proposed that respect for privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the children and other close family members of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two perspectives in moral philosophy, consequentialism and deontology, are then applied in order to assess whether these harms are permissible. It is argued that from either perspective it is hard to defend the claim that allowing for these harms are morally permissible. Consequently, imprisonment should be used only as a last resort. Where it is deemed necessary, it gives rise to special moral obligations. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are then categorized and clarified. Paper 3 focuses on an argument that has figured in the philosophical debate on felon disenfranchisement. This argument states that as a matter of democratic self-determination, a legitimate democratic collective has the collective right to decide whether to disenfranchise felons as a way of defining their political identity. Yet, such a collective’s right to self-determination is limited, since the choice to disenfranchise anyone must be connected to normative considerations of political significance. This paper defends this argument against three charges that has been raised to it. In doing so it also explores under what circumstances felon disenfranchisement can be permissible. Paper 4 explores the question of whether prison inmates suffering from ADHD should be administered psychopharmacological intervention (methylphenidate) for their condition. The theoretical starting point for the discussion is the communicative theory of punishment, which understands criminal punishment as a form of secular penance. Viewed through the lens of the communicative theory it is argued that the provision of pharmacological treatment to offenders with ADHD need not necessarily be conceived of as an alternative to punishment, but as an aid to achieving the penological ends of secular penance. Thus, in this view offenders diagnosed with ADHD should have the option to undergo pharmacological treatment.<br><p>QC 20170110</p>
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Hutcherson, Donald Tyrone. "Street dreams the effect of incarceration on illegal earnings /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218205841.
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Murray, Joseph. "Parental imprisonment : effects on children's antisocial behaviour and mental health through the life-course." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251991.
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Tshaka, Akhona. "Mitigation of the effect of father imprisonment on the family: a study of social work intervention strategies in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4435.
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The South African population is highly populated by single mothered families. Fatherlessness has emerged as one of the greatest social problems, especially as children who grow up in families with absent-fathers suffer lasting damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fathers’ imprisonment on the functioning of the family and social work interventions to mitigate the effect. The study used mixed method research design. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. This study employed three sampling strategies; namely multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling as well as snow-ball sampling. The sample was made up of 65 members of families whose father is in prison or had been to prision and 15 social work officials. Qalitative data was analyised using themes and parrtens that emerged during interviews with participants, quantitative data was analysed using SPSS computer softerwere. Findings revealed that father’s imprisonment has negative impact that causes dysfunctional families. The negative effect is due to the loss of a father figure and a provider of the family. Inequality and stigmatisation among family members were also found to cause dysfunctional families after the father’s imprisonment. Findings from social work officials revealed social service interventions to mollify the family dysfunctions. However, majority of families are provided services through offender re-integration, others lack unawareness regarding social work interventions for families with fathers in prison. Findings further reveal that resources are limited to enhance the provision of adequate and better psychosocial support for affected families in order to alleviate the undesirable impact of father’s imprisonment. There is therefore a compelling need for implementing policies that will enable dysfunctional families with fathers imprison to access adequate psychosocial support services. The study also recommended that, social welfare system should be strengthened by embarking on enlightenment programmes that create awareness about family based interventions for dysfunction families with fathers in prison.
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Kotova, Anna. "'He's got a life sentence,but I have a life sentence to cope with as well' : the experiences of long-term prisoners' partners." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f0112637-cc52-44f5-a979-e205652694b7.
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There is a small, but growing, body of research on prisoners' families. It has shown that these families experience numerous pains and deprivations associated with imprisonment, ranging from financial hardship to social (stigma) and emotional issues (grief-like emotions). It has also been suggested that long sentences could exacerbate and prolong these problems. However, no studies on long-term prisoners' families specifically have yet been conducted in the UK. This study explores the experiences of 33 long-term prisoners' partners. Prison sociology, which has explored imprisonment, and long-term imprisonment specifically, is used to inform the analysis. Themes such as coping with the pains of imprisonment over time and with the length of the sentence and time passing are explored. It is also shown that partners are fundamentally changed, on an identity level, by a long sentence. Furthermore, stigma is explored, and it is argued that partners of long-term prisoners experience especially strong stigma and that it lasts for a long time indeed. Finally, this thesis considers how the partners outside 'do family' across prison walls, and how imprisonment makes this challenging indeed. In conclusion, it is argued that the experiences of prisoners' partners speak to the sociological research on imprisonment more broadly and that drawing on these experiences can develop the prison sociologist's knowledge about the broader sociological impact of imprisonment.
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Tsui, Pui-wang Ephraem, and 徐佩宏. "Subjective experiences of families of long-term prisoners in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44204796.
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Sheridan, Alexandra. "Monotony and Deprivation: The Effects of Long-Term Imprisonment on the Neurocognitive Functioning of the Older Prison Inmate Population." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/337.
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Risk factors of the prison environment have been considered from a policy perspective, however little work in the field of neuroscience and neuropsychology has been done to further understand the effects that long-term incarceration have on the brain at a neuronal and cognitive level. Neurocognitive deficits in the older prison inmate population usually go undetected, thus there is a need for the precise characterization of neurocognitive impairment, its course and etiology specifically in the prison population. This study will combine cross sectional and longitudinal analysis to characterize the neurocognitive impairment in the older prison inmate population versus the non-incarcerated population while paying close attention to the effects of poor nutrition, lack of preventative healthcare, and social isolation on the neurocognitive functioning of the older inmate population. Based on previous work, it is hypothesized that lack of preventative healthcare in the prison system results in improper treatment of such health conditions as diabetes and vascular disease, each of which have been shown to increase the chances of dementia diagnosis. In addition, it is hypothesized that prison diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin B12 and high in saturated fats impair the functioning of brain regions involved in memory consolidation, retrieval and executive functioning, like the hippocampus and the frontal lobe. Furthermore, due to inadequate environmental stimulation, increased levels of anxiety, and unsatisfactory interactions with peers, it is hypothesized that social isolation decreases neurocognitive functioning in the older prison inmate population at a faster rate compared to the non-institutionalized population. Over the course of seven years, I propose that prisoners be administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure neurocognitive impairment as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure levels of anxiety and proneness to anxious feelings. In addition, a phlebotomist will draw a sample of blood from each participant in order to measure their levels of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin B12. In a longitudinal analysis, 400 prisoners will be monitored every other year for seven years. In the cross sectional analysis, 200 prisoners will be matched to 200 non-incarcerated individuals based on age, background and health status in order to determine the effects that poor health and environmental factors have on the neurocognitive functioning of the older inmate population versus the non-incarcerated population. Results from the longitudinal analysis and the cross sectional analysis will be analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and regression analysis respectively.
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Newell, Summer Brooke. "Reconciling the Opportunities and Obstacles of Motherhood Following Corrections Involvement." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4411.
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This mixed methods dissertation is comprised of three papers that consider interrelated ways in which social bonds, within the context of parenting, are experienced by women recently involved with the corrections system. Types of social bonds considered include agency professionals, romantic partners, and children--all previously theorized to play a role during the reentry period. These social bonds are considered within the context of the challenges experienced during this period, and how and why these social bonds may--or may not--support women as they transition back into the community.
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Durante, Katherine A. "The Effects of Jurisdictional Context on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prison Admissions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869084242471.
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Lazzari, Sarah Renee. "The Influence of Parental Gender on the Type of Communication between Incarcerated Parents and Their Children." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/805.
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The number of children in the United States with an incarcerated parent continues to rise. Currently, more than 1.7 million children have at least one incarcerated parent. In addition, research has found that children with criminally involved parents are at a higher risk of also becoming offenders (Glaze & Maruschak, 2010). Research has shown that incarcerated parents' abilities to maintain communication with their children may decrease negative behaviors while incarcerated and may decrease the negative effects of being removed from their families. The current study utilizes secondary data to explore the types of communication incarcerated parents use in order to stay connected with their children. The goal is to understand gendered differences regarding how incarcerated mothers versus incarcerated fathers choose to communicate with their children, and to understand which forms of communication (letter writing, face to face visits, and phone calls) are utilized most often by incarcerated parents to maintain and strengthen the bonds with their children. Logistic Regressions identified that incarcerated mothers are more likely to have at least one visit, phone call, and will utilize more forms of communication in a month's time, with their children. These findings both support and contradict previous studies. Implications of the findings and further suggestions are discussed.
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Karim, Nadim. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and the psychological effects of long term imprisonment : a cross-sectional sample of long term offenders in the Pacific region of Canada." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621209.
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Ferreccio, Vanina. "La larga sombra de la prision. Etnografia de los efectos extendidos del encarcelamiento en Santa Fe, Argentina." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424060.
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Family members of inmates and their own detained relatives experience the prison simultaneously. They live in the shadow of the prison, without being considered by ministerial researches and statistics. In the majority of the cases they remain compressed in the invisibility of the effects that the prison spreads around.
Several studies focus on a specific issue which is considered “alarming”, that is the lives of the inmates' sons and daughters and the subsequent possibility of delinquency of these people. However these researches do not question how the sibling experience the condition of their detained parents and the ways in which the prison becomes for many sectors of the population an agent of socialization.
This doctoral research investigates two important issues: the first regards the families of the detainees, with a look both towards what is “external”, that is outside the prison, and towards the prison itself, which the family is used to visiting weekly; the second focuses on the prisoners' daily experiences and their living conditions that, in many cases, are supported by the family affectively and economically. In order to address these two issues I move from the “outer penumbra” (Adler and Longhurst, 1994), in which the detainees are located, towards those channels of communication –which are fluid, constant and intense– that different family groups establish with penal institutions.
Therefore, in this study the families of inmates were not depicted like appendixes or satellites of the life “inside” the prisons, contrarily I have attempted to grasp and investigate what some families have defined “the same air” between “outside” and “inside” the prison. This definition constructs an idea in which spacial borders seem to be more and more diluted. In this study, particular attention is dedicated to the ways in which the logic of retribution dominates the relationships between detained people. It is worth saying that this logic has the power to extend its effects beyond the sole inmates' relationships and thus to colonize the relations of these latter with their relatives –who, in turn, will be equally involved with the institution in perpetuating this same logic. In this way, family members take possession of the same analytical lens of the prison in order to interpret their practices.
If the prison is, as claimed by several authors (Chauvenet, 2006; Chantraine, 2006), a despotic regime based on the principle of fear (Montesquieu, 1748), this doctoral ethnography, which was conducted in the prisons of Santa Fe (Argentina) –during day visit at family members' homes, visiting prisoners– has demonstrated the impossibility of depicting these families like passive recipients of the harmful effects of the prison. Rather, these families, governed by fear, incorporate the analytical lens of the prison, namely the logic of retribution in its multiple versions; in this fashion, they participate with their detained relatives in building the order of the prison<br>I familiari delle persone detenute esperiscono la prigione simultaneamente ai propri parenti reclusi. Vivono all’ombra della prigione senza essere considerati dalle ricerche, dai controlli ministeriali e dalle statistiche. Infatti, sembra quasi che rimangano compressi dall’invisibilità degli effetti che la prigione sparge nei suoi dintorni.
In generale, diversi studi si focalizzano su un tema ritenuto “preoccupante”, ossia i vissuti dei figli e delle figlie delle persone detenute, senza però considerare come questi esperiscano la prigione dei propri genitori e senza mettere in questione le forme in cui la prigione diviene, per settori della popolazione piuttosto estesi, un agente di socializzazione. Spesso l’interesse verte più sulla possibilità che vi sia una deriva delinquenziale nei figli dei detenuti.
La ricerca di dottorato si focalizza su due questioni rilevanti. La prima riguarda i familiari delle persone detenute, mantenendo uno sguardo verso l’ “esterno” e non solo centrato sulle strutture penitenziarie che questi familiari visitano settimanalmente; la seconda questione si concentra sulla situazione e i vissuti dei detenuti, i quali in molti casi ricevono dai propri familiari supporto economico e affettivo. Nell’affrontare questi due aspetti mi muovo dalla “penombra periferica” (Adler e Longhurst, 1994), in cui queste persone si trovano, verso quei canali di comunicazione –i quali sono fluidi, costanti ed intensi– che i diversi gruppi familiari stabiliscono con le istituzioni penitenziarie.
Quindi, in questo studio le famiglie non sono state concepite come appendici o satelliti della vita “dentro” le prigioni, al contrario si è cercato di capire e approfondire quello che alcuni familiari hanno definito “la stessa aria” che mette in rapporto coloro che sono reclusi e coloro “al di fuori”– rendendo mediante questa accezione l’idea di spazi le cui frontiere sembrano sempre più diluite. In questa tesi, un tema centrale riguarda le forme in cui si sviluppa e si promuove la logica retribuzionistica che domina le relazioni tra i detenuti all’interno della prigione; di fatto, questa logica si estende andando a colonizzare i rapporti di questi ultimi con i loro parenti, i quali a loro volta si troveranno in egual modo coinvolti con l’istituzione. In questo modo, i familiari si appropriano delle “lenti carcerarie” allo scopo di interpretare/significare le proprie pratiche.
Se la prigione è, come affermano diversi autori (Chauvenet, 2006; Chantraine, 2006), un regime dispotico che si regge per principio sulla paura (Montesquieu, 1748), l’etnografia condotta a Santa Fe (Argentina) nelle prigioni –durante i giorni di visita, nelle case dei familiari, all’interno degli istituti penitenziari con i detenuti– ha dimostrato l’impossibilità di vedere in questi familiari dei destinatari passivi degli effetti nocivi della prigione. Piuttosto, questi familiari ri-approppriandosi delle lenti carcerarie, ossia della logica retribuzionistica nelle sue diverse versioni, ed essendo anche governati dalla paura, partecipano con i propri familiari detenuti alla costruzione dell’ordine della prigione
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Swofford, Jacqueline Victoria. "Social and Human Capital: Contributing Effects of Incarceration on Neighborhoods." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/261.
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Interest in human and social capital's contribution to the desistence of crime is increasingly popular amongst criminologists, economists and policy makers. However, little attention has been drawn to the influence human and social capital indicators contribute towards the relationship between the re-entry process and juvenile crime at the neighborhood level. The current study hypothesizes the existence of a mediating relationship between human and social capital indicators (2000) and the rates of receiving formerly incarcerated persons (1997-2002) and juvenile arrest (2006-08) in 92 Portland, Oregon neighborhoods. Portland, Oregon receives more formerly incarcerated persons from Oregon's state correctional facilities than any other city or county in Oregon. Using neighborhood rates of residents with house-hold income above 50K, high school graduation, and annual income type: retired or government assistance, as proxies for human capital measures and neighborhood rates of residents employed by non-profit organizations, number of churches, and self-employment as proxies for social capital measures, OLS regression and bivariate correlations tested for a mediating effect between human and social capital on rates of re-entry and juvenile arrest rates. Findings indicate neighborhoods with increased rates of returnees have higher rates of juvenile delinquency. In addition, mediating human and social capital indicators affect the direct relationship between re-entry and juvenile crime: neighborhoods with more residents receiving retirement income, higher percent of self-employed residents, non-profit employees, or higher rates of residents earning income above 50K had lower rates of returnees in their communities. Greater rates of Portland neighborhoods which house residents with high proportions of house-hold incomes above 50K per year see increases in the rate of juvenile crime. Rates of neighborhood churches showed a positive correlation with on both rates of returnees and juvenile crime; obtaining a high school diploma was also associated with increased returnee rates and juvenile crime. Neighborhoods with more residents who are self-employed or employed by non-profit organizations had reduced rates of returnees and juvenile crime. Future research and recommendations are discussed to examine the impact of these findings on neighborhoods with formerly incarcerated persons, levels of human and social capital and juvenile crime in Portland, Oregon.
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Álvarez, Yrala Edwar. "Independence and preventive imprisonment." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109090.
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The New Criminal Procedure Code of 2004 provides an extensive protection in terms of fundamental rights; however, a new obstacle for the proper administration of justice has surfaced involving the judge, who is constantly being affected in its finaldecision by the media.The author of this article discusses this problem from the field of preventive imprisonment, focusing on current cases and doctrine. In addition, the author makes an analysis and classification of judges based on their way of making choices, showing a discouraging picture of the situation.<br>El Nuevo Código Procesal Penal de 2004 es más garantista en cuanto a derechos fundamentales; no obstante, un nuevo obstáculo para una correcta administración de justicia lo supone el mismo juzgador, quien está siendo afectado constantementeen su decisión por los medios de comunicación.El autor del presente artículo expone este problema desde el ámbito de la prisión preventiva, centrándose en casos actuales y doctrina. Además, realiza un análisis y clasificación de los jueces en base a su modo de tomar decisiones, mostrándonosun panorama poco alentador.
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Appleton, Catherine. "Life after life imprisonment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee377c75-7a0b-4ee5-9442-39034b5cd8ab.
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Edgar, David Kimmett. "A pacifist critique of imprisonment." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6690/.
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Cullen, James Eric. "Life imprisonment and prison regime stability." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332880.
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Van, Ginneken Esther Francisca Johanna Cornelia. "The pains and gains of imprisonment : an exploration of prisoners' psychological adjustment and the perceived impact of imprisonment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648781.
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Chadwick, Kathryn Elizabeth. ""Out of the darkness into light" : a critical evaluation of Scottish prison reorganisation for long term imprisonment 1988 to the present." N.p, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18866.
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Beale, Rebecca Merryn Elizabeth. "Stages of imprisonment : Shakespeare and his contemporaries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265480.
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This dissertation brings the quotidian reality of early modern London prisons to bear on the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. It presents the range of spheres in which prison language operated, describing a continuum between the performances of real imprisonment in the streets, the staging of London prison scenes, and the words and metaphors of imprisonment in Shakespeare's plays. The first chapter presents London's prisons as local, even domestic, habitations, physically integrated into the city itself and contributing to the sights, sounds and smells of the streets. The second analyses their portrayal in non-dramatic literature, where they become remote and infernal locations, seas, ships, islands and universities. It argues that these metaphors find coherence in a counter-utopian description of one of the Counter prisons, and applies these findings to the prison scene in Richard II. Chapter three addresses the plays which staged named London prisons at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It discerns domestic, utopian and infernal strains, and analyses the prison scenes themselves as sites of performance and metatheatrical departure, arguing that the performative elements of local imprisonment are recognisable in these dramatic prisons as the boundaries of the stage prison are elided with those of the play itself. These findings are applied to Measure for Measure, which is located within the progression of London prison plays. The final two chapters explore prison language and actual imprisonment in Shakespearean tragedy and romance. In the tragedies, prison metaphors vie for effective control, as language is both restricted and made eloquent by the state of imprisonment. In Shakespeare's romances, prison words cause actual imprisonment beyond their speakers' control. Foucault marginalised the role of the early modern prison system in his genealogy of modern imprisonment. Literary critics in the last thirty years have followed his lead. This dissertation reclaims London's prisons as a vital context for the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
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MacDonald, Marnie. "Women's imprisonment in Canada, a shifting paradigm?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ48399.pdf.
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El-Jamal, Basim. "Palestinian political prisoners and Israeli imprisonment policy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403079.
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MacDonald, Marnie Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Women's imprisonment in Canada: a shifting paradigm?" Ottawa, 1999.
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Smith, Catrin. "The imprisoned body : women, health and imprisonment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-imprisoned-body--women-health-and-imprisonment(4d891d31-95a8-404e-93a2-5e3267f31324).html.
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Problems affecting the female prison population have become increasingly acute. In response to a spirit of 'toughness' in penal policy, the number of women prisoners has grown sharply and more women are being sent to prison despite arguments in favour of decarceration and alternative sanctions. In prison, women make greater demands on prison health services and are generally considered to carry a greater load of physical and mental ill-health than their male counterparts. However, a gender-sensitive theory based on an understanding of the relationship between women's health and women's imprisonment has not been formulated. Health is a complex phenomenon of inseparable physical, mental and social processes. Research conducted in three women's prisons in England set out to explore the relationships between these processes. Data were generated from group discussions, in-depth interviews, a questionnaire survey and observation and participation in 'the field'. The findings suggest that women's imprisonment is disadvantageous to 'good' health. Deprivations, isolation, discreditation and the deleterious effects of excessive regulation and control all cause women to suffer as they experience imprisonment. These are not medical problems. Yet, they often become so once they cause, as they inevitably do, stress and anxiety. The woman prisoner who finds herself unable to cope is likely, eventually, to come into contact with the prison medical enterprise where a medicalised view of suffering de-politicises the significance of women's distress. Social and cultural factors in women's pre-prison and prison lives interact to influence their health and their freedom to choose 'correct' health behaviours. While different in degree, the problems facing women prisoners are of the same kind as those they face in their outside lives and the same kinds of 'solutions' are adapted to deal with them. Such solutions often have unforeseen consequences which can intensify the pains of imprisonment and be further prejudicial to health. These findings raise questions about the philosophies underpinning current models of prison health care where the benevolent aims of 'health promotion' may become extremely punitive.
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Kwok, Leung-ming. "Managing long term prisoners in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622028.
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Crutcher, Nicole. "Mandatory minimum penalties of imprisonment, an historical analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52344.pdf.
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Jones, Robert. "The hybrid system : imprisonment and devolution in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99677/.
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The process of devolution in Wales has catalysed major political, cultural, social and institutional change. While these changes have been reflected within the research agendas of academics working within a number of disciplines, the study of criminal justice in Wales remains something of an exception. This research is an attempt to try and address this lacuna. The research charts the emergence of Wales as a distinct criminological space within the once ‘uniform’ system of England and Wales. This is explained as a consequence of the intersection of devolution in Wales with changes to the UK Government’s approach to criminal justice in England and Wales. The research shows that the unique constitutional arrangements that exist in Wales have led to the emergence of a hybrid system: criminal justice policy space occupied by two different governments, each with its own democratic mandate, policy vision and priorities. Having explained the emergence of the hybrid system in Wales, the research goes on to examine a number of key issues that emerge into clearer focus when Wales is taken seriously as a unit of criminological analysis. As such the thesis contributes towards wider criminological debates at the level of policy, practice and theory. These findings also help to develop a more critical understanding of Wales’ hybrid system. The research shows that the very structure of the hybrid system creates a situation in which UK Government criminal justice policies undermine the Welsh Government’s attempts to fulfil its responsibilities or fully implement its own policy objectives. The arguments presented throughout this research challenge the discipline of criminology to take account of the impacts of devolution on the ostensibly non-devolved criminal justice system in Wales. They also contribute towards a better understanding of debates now taking place over the possible devolution of criminal justice functions to Wales.
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Crutcher, Nicole (Nicole Elizabeth) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Mandatory minimum penalties of imprisonment; an historical analysis." Ottawa, 2000.
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Russell, Rosini R. "Striving for freedom an incarcerated existence /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/RRussell2006.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2006.<br>"Specialization: Telecommunication and Technology"--T.p. Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 29, 2006). Includes bibliographical references.
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Mallory, Jason Leonard. "Prisoner oppression, democratic crises, abolitionist visions towaqrds a social and political philosophy of mass incarceration /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Lockwood, Kelly. "Mothering from the inside : narratives of motherhood and imprisonment." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2013. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19282/.
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Two thirds of the 4,000 women who are in prison in England and Wales are mothers of dependent children. Imprisonment can severely alter, disrupt or even terminate mothering. However, there is a relative absence of empirical research within this area. Therefore, we know little of the meaning of mothering and motherhood for women in prison. The main aim of this research was to explore the way in which women in prison make sense of motherhood and construct their mothering identity. To achieve this, the analytical framework of biographical disruption was adopted and adapted; replacing chronic illness as the critical event with imprisonment. The study was underpinned by a narrative methodology to focus upon the ways in which the narratives of mothers in prison are constructed/ reconstructed and presented. In depth narrative interviews were conducted with 16 women. The interviews lasted between forty five minutes and three hours. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using the Listening Guide. On the basis of those interviews, three different narratives were constructed, the Wounded Mother, the Unbecoming Mother and the Suspended Mother. The findings of this research illustrate that the relationship between imprisonment and biographical disruption is multi-faceted. Mothering identities can be fundamentally threatened, yet can also be reinforced. This research has also highlighted that it is often the compounding impact of repeated disruptions, culminating in prison that represents the most profound disruption to the mothering identities of women in prison. The implications of the research for policy and practice are also considered.
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Cheng, Ya-Wen. "Struggling with justice : women's experiences of imprisonment in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635897.
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Gender shapes women's experiences including their pathways to prison, the ways in which they are managed and treated while imprisoned, and the ways in which they adjust to prison life. Western researchers have identified female prisoners as active social actors, but these women and prison practices remain an under-researched area in Taiwan. This study seeks to explore the problems of female prisoners based on the Taiwanese experience and aims to fill some of the academic knowledge gap through documenting the lives of these women. It considers various perspectives, including what types of crimes these women have committed and why, as well as the stigmatisation they face as a consequence. The research data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with thirty-nine prisoners in a Taiwanese women's prison. This qualitative approach offers a unique opportunity for the researcher to capture the ways in which these women experience their prison lives, their feelings, opinions and thoughts and contributes to the ground-breaking nature of this empirical work, as most of the previous research in women's prisons in Taiwan has been quantitative in nature.
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Jonson, Cheryl Lero. "The Impact of Imprisonment on Reoffending: A Meta-Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1285687754.
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Tompkins, Charlotte Nyala Elizabeth. "Male injecting drug users and the impact of imprisonment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13593/.
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To reflect concerns associated with the over representation of drug users in prison, policy regarding the control and treatment of drug users in prison in England and Wales has developed significantly over recent years, particularly since increased prison drug risk taking, such as injecting has been identified. Yet, there is little up to date, in-depth research considering what happens to injecting behaviour in prison. This study therefore used qualitative research to explore the impact of imprisonment on men’s injecting drug use and provide a current perspective on how and why the prison environment influenced their drug using behaviour, considering how this differed to their community behaviours. Thirty men with a history of injecting drug use and imprisonment were sampled from community services in an English city. They were interviewed in-depth about their drug use before, during and after release from prison. A grounded theory approach underpinned the study and informed the analysis. Prison was identified as a time when participants found relief from hectic and intense drug using community lifestyles as they exercised more choice and control over their drug use. Yet time in prison was not necessarily drug free as participants took illicit drugs to prison with them to use. This advanced preparation and the reasons for it are new findings, enabled through the exploratory research approach. Men’s illicit drug using behaviours in prison differed to their pre prison practices as different drugs were used, in different ways to injecting and at reduced levels to before imprisonment. The misuse of buprenorphine medication by snorting in prison was also identified as a new trend, taking over from heroin. To categorise the different types of men’s prison drug using behaviours and to help explain the nature these when compared to before prison, the study developed and presents models of illicit drug use and routes of drug administration.
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Gready, Paul. "South African life stories under apartheid : imprisonment, exile, homecoming." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29574/.
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Apartheid South Africa was variously imprisoned, exiled, and engaged in the task of homecoming. This troika permeated society as reality, symbol and creative capital; as a political reality each of the experiences distilled the diverse human possibilities and potentials of apartheid. This is a study of the linked political encounters of detention/imprisonment, exile and homecoming, as well as the more general dynamics of oppression and resistance and the culture of violence, through the life story genre. Within the dynamics of struggle the focus of the thesis is on the transformative nature of resistance, in particular auto/biographical counter-discourses, as a means through which opponents of apartheid retained/regained agency and power. The main aim of the thesis is to articulate and apply a theory of life story praxis in the context of political contestation. The theory has five main components. Firstly, the life story in such contexts is marked by the imperative for narratives to be provisional, partial, tactical, to be managed in accordance with an evolving political purpose. The second component relates to the violent collaboration of state and opponent in identity construction and interpretation. This argument facilitates, as the third theoretical premise, a broad definition of texts that either are auto/biographical or impact upon the context and process of narration. Fourthly, lives are told many times over, identities are repeatedly un/remade, within an arena that is dense with prior versions and/or a discursive void. Finally, I argue that the ownership and meaning of life story narratives are provisional and contested while retaining a dominant narrative and political truth. In the main body of the thesis this theory is applied to the life stories of incarceration, exile, and homecoming.
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Mahan, William. "A Derridean-Kierkgegaardian Interpretation of Writing: Imprisonment and Freedom." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13304.
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My thesis is an argument that writing is a struggle of imprisonment and freedom. I argue that a text gains a certain level of power, such that it controls the writer, reader, and critic alike. Yet at the same time, the work presents all of these people with a possibility of freedom, seducing them in with the task of sharing the text's `secret' or deeper meaning via indirect communication. This `imprisonment' is voluntary if the reader wishes to engage with the text in a way that opens the text for a revelation of a deeper meaning, unique to each reader. The writer offers his text as a `gift', an idea heavily influenced by Jacques Derrida's writings in The Gift of Death. I argue that that the presence and absence of the secret is one element of the author's work, which creates the relationship of confinement and freedom identified with writing.
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You, Yi. "Imprisonment in the contemporary imaginaries in the UK : nihilism, innovation and the performance of introspective normativity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9588.
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Over the past few decades, the large scale of imprisonment and the heavily-adopted punitive approach as a way of responding to crime have engendered widespread concerns among the public and academia in the UK. Whereas there have been a good number of studies that have investigated their underlying sociological causes and elaborated a variety of accounts of how such phenomena are historically configured and how they may be moderated or reversed, the normative dimensions of the current imprisonment complex have not yet received sufficient examination. This particularly regards the understanding of the tensions between the aspiration for a universal ideal of imprisonment and the reality of highly diverse and fragmented post-welfarist approaches in the incarceration field. This thesis tries to uncover and account for the dilemmas and problems in the normative sphere of incarceration in the UK. In doing so, it elaborates the analytical-evaluative framework based on the concept of introspective normativity.
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Harewood, Anne Veronica. "Race, imprisonment, and reintegration: Reflections of Black male ex-prisoners." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27369.
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This thesis is intended to further the critical race theory goal of documenting the narratives of racially subjugated populations, particularly Blacks. It presents and critically engages with the subject of race and its relationship to imprisonment and reintegration by putting forward the stories of Black male ex-prisoners who have experienced a term of incarceration in a Canadian federal penitentiary. The author uses a critical race lens in order to examine the role of race in the lives of Black ex-prisoners. In addition, she puts forward a plea for academic and institutional discourses to place the experiential knowledge of these individuals at the forefront of criminological research.
Critical criminology theories that emphasize the importance of ethnographic data and epistemological assumptions that have challenged Eurocentric scholarship, which overlooks the consequences of racial inequality, guide the author's findings. As such, the primary goal of this research is to provide an arena for Black male ex-prisoners to express their realities as a racialized group who have historically been excluded from Canadian academe.
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Pollack, Shoshana. "Outsiders inside, the social context of women's lawbreaking and imprisonment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50006.pdf.
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Hsu, Hua-Fu. "Penality beyond the West : the experience of imprisonment in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392693.
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Birkett, Gemma. "Media, politics and penal reform : the problem of women's imprisonment." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14049/.
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There has been limited empirical focus on the activities of the penal reform network in England and Wales, and less still concerned with those campaigning to reform women’s penal policy. Investigating the under-researched interrelationship between the women’s penal reform network, journalists, and policymakers at the crime-media nexus, this interdisciplinary study examines campaign strategies for women and how they have developed and augmented under changing governments and the media spotlight. While penal reform campaigners are able to rely on the discourse of vulnerability in relation to women offenders, this remains in the face of entrenched social constructions of the ‘ideal woman’ and a political climate that continues to talk tough on crime. Uncovering a number of inhibitors to their campaigning efforts, this study reveals that such actors operate on the periphery of both the media and policy agendas and campaign for a ‘lesser social problem’. Drawing on the work of Best (2013) and his research on social problems, claimsmakers and the policy agenda, this study also explores the agenda-setting models developed in the political sciences and media and communications. With unprecedented access to over thirty policy elites (including the Chief Executives of the major campaign organisations, former Prison Ministers, ex-civil servants from the Ministry of Justice, Members of the House of Lords and Commons, journalists, and a former Chief Inspector of Prisons) it integrates the viewpoints of key actors operating in this niche policy network for the very first time. With an explicit policy-focused orientation, it also provides a number of pragmatic and practical tips for those wishing to think more strategically about their ability to influence politicians, the media and the public.
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Carr, Adrian. "Reactions to spouse imprisonment : an exploratory study of the experience of spouse imprisonment and factors which affect the way in which the event is responded to." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20374.
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The literature was reviewed in the areas of : stress and anxiety; crisis theory; decision making and behaviour change; coping and control; and previous studies of spouse imprisonment. The purpose of this study was to examine spouse imprisonment as experienced by a sample of women whose partners were serving sentences in Scottish prisons. It was also intended to identify factors which might be implicated in how the individual perceives, and responds to the event of spouse imprisonment. The nature of this study was exploratory, and a number of research questions were posed. These were: whether the nature of problems faced by the partners of imprisoned spouses had changed since the last major British study in the area; what factors influenced the way in which the women responded to the problems; what was the nature of the relationship between anxiety and how the women dealt with problems; and what was the relationship between length and stage of the spouse's sentence and the women's perceptions of their problems. 123 female partners of imprisoned men were interviewed using a semi-structured interview technique. Ten percent of the respondents were interviewed a further three times over the subsequent twelve months. It was concluded that the respondents in this study suffered from a variety of problems in the areas of finance, children, relationships with the wider community, relationships with the male partner, and dealing with the prison and other authority. The frequency and nature of these problems were little different from those reported in much earlier studies. Five factors were identified which accounted for much of the variance in perception of problems and reactions to them. The factors were: General Anxiety, perceived control, locus of coping strategies, spouse history, and attitude to communication with the spouse. General anxiety was found to have an influence on a wide range of problem areas, and reactions to problems. Perceived control had a wide ranging effect also. The influence of each of the other factors seemed to be confined much more to single problem areas.
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Marinos, Voula. "The multiple dimensions of punishment, intermediate sanctions and interchangeability with imprisonment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53689.pdf.
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Windsor, Robert. "Fabrications : commodification, myth and imprisonment in the writing of Peter Carey /." Title page and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw7662.pdf.
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Cohen, Derek M. "Right on Crime: Conservative Reform in the Era of Mass Imprisonment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491305385860754.
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McEvoy, Kieran Patrick. "Paramilitary imprisonment in Northern Ireland, 1969-1999 : resistance, management and release." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394605.
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Masson, Isla MacMarquis. "The long-term impact of short periods of imprisonment on mothers." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-longterm-impact-of-short-periods-of-imprisonment-on-mothers(eab8d31e-4609-4836-9969-3fe627aff7c5).html.
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This research examines how even an initial short period in prison negatively impacts mothers and their children. It involves a series of semi-structured interviews with 16 mothers during and post-custody; looking at the different ways in which multiple aspects of their lives are negatively affected for longer periods than their incarceration. It is argued that prison often increases the social disadvantages that many of the women encounter on a day-to-day basis. Based on this research it is suggested that the morally significant harms of prison need to be considered at the time of sentencing. Incarceration is not just about a temporary loss of liberty, even short terms in prison have longer multi-dimensional consequences. The thesis will begin by looking at the use of remand for women as well as examining the sentencing rationales for the use of short sentences. It will explore the problems with these forms of punishment, particularly for non-violent, and often vulnerable, women. It will be argued that these women experience multiple pains of incarceration, often compounded by the short period in which they are imprisoned. It will be suggested that their feelings of injustice may affect whether they are able to embrace any opportunities in prison and address feelings of guilt. The thesis will also examine these mothers’ experiences post-custody, describing which problems are on-going, which are resolved and what new unexpected problems arise. Given that they are mothers, their understanding of the harm of the separation to their children will also be explored. It will be concluded that the punishment should be balanced against the rights of mothers and their children. As such the use of short sentences for women should be significantly reduced, however if they continue to be used there need to be a series of changes to minimise the harms caused to this group.