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Poidvin, Amélie. "La morbidité à long terme des enfants traités par hormone de croissance synthétique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe literature is scarce regarding the long term effect of synthetic growth hormone (GH) treatment. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the morbidity of 6874 patients from the French SAGhE study treated by GH for short stature, focusing on three themes: Neurovascular risk: Using two population-based registries, we showed an increase in the risk of stroke (SIR 3.5 to 4.4 according the registry used), more specifically for the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SIR 5.7 or 6.3). Risk of diabetes : Using the antidiabetic drugs deliveries obtained from the French national health insurance database, no difference in the risk of treated diabetes was found (SPR 1.0). Risk of cancer : Compared with the French population-based registries of cancer, no significant difference in the risk of cancer was found (SIR 0.7), but the excess risk for bone tumor is 3.5 . Events were identified from three sources : a) Information on vital status collected from the Répertoire National d’Identification des Personnes Physiques and cause of death as indicated on death certificate, b) Health questionnaire sent to all living patients, c) Data extracted from the French national health insurance information, including the French hospital discharge database, also called Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information from 2008 to December 2010, long-lasting affection statements, and antidiabetics drugs deliveries
Collinot, Hélène. "Rôle des Isoformes STOX1A et STOX1B dans la physiopathologie placentaire de la prééclampsie et effets à long terme : études à partir des modèles murins de surexpression". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5252.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by placental dysfunction, leading to severe complications for both the mother and fetus. The STOX1A murine model reproduces key characteristics of this condition, including hypertension, proteinuria, intrauterine growth restriction, and abnormalities in uterine and umbilical Doppler measurements. The aim of this study is to characterize these placental alterations using functional imaging and to explore the long-term effects on the maternal brain induced by preeclampsia in our model. Additionally, a complementary model overexpressing STOX1B was created to better understand the distinct biological pathways of this isoform. Materials and Methods: The STOX1A model was studied using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to assess placental perfusion, and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI) to evaluate oxygen management. Optoacoustic imaging was used to measure oxygen saturation and its response to hypoxia. The long-term impact of preeclampsia on the brain was evaluated through spatial transcriptomics using 10x Genomics VISIUM technology. In parallel, a new model overexpressing STOX1B was generated to explore specific alterations through placental histological and transcriptomic analyses. Results: In the STOX1A model, DCE-MRI revealed a decrease in placental perfusion, while BOLD-MRI showed altered oxygen management. Optoacoustic imaging confirmed stable oxygen saturation under normoxia and an intact response to hypoxia. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed gene alterations in brain regions of interest such as the hippocampus and cortex, involving pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. The STOX1B model, on the other hand, revealed dysregulation of genes involved in coagulation processes and lipid metabolism, suggesting the involvement of distinct pathways from those observed in STOX1A. Conclusion: Studies on the STOX1A model highlighted alterations in placental perfusion and oxygen management, while also revealing long-term effects on the brain. The use of a complementary STOX1B model allowed the characterization of specific gene dysregulations, thereby expanding the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia. These models pave the way for therapeutic strategies better adapted to each identified mechanism
Occelli, Florian. "Effet d’une exposition à long-terme à un milieu bruité sur l’audiogramme et les propriétés fonctionnelles des neurones du cortex auditif primaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS165.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the last few years, studies have described alarming effects of exposure to artificial acoustic environments on the functional properties of neurons in the auditory system. The aim of this project was to determine if long-lasting exposure at a sound intensity which is not recognized by the legislation to cause permanent or temporary hearing loss (80 dB SLP 8h/ day) induced, or not, changes in the audiograms and functional properties of neurons in theprimary auditory cortex. Adult female rats (Sprague Dawley) were exposed over 3 to 18 months (depending on the group) to an acoustic environment mimicking daily sound environments surrounding a large part of the population, and whose effects have never been studied on such durations. The originality of this project lies in analyzing the effects at alllevels of the auditory system from peripheral (via ABRs) to central levels (cortical electrophysiology) and also the possible consequences at the behavioral level. A new perceptual learning task has been developed to assess the effects of exposure. During aging, our data showed a decrease in behavioral performance, a gradual impairment of ABRs thresholds as well as an impairment in parameters of the neural responses such as (i) the response latency, (ii) response duration, (iii) the ability to detect silence in a vocalization (iv) or to follow an amplitude modulation, (v) the reproducibility of response to vocalization. The main effect of exposure to a noisy environment is the appearance of a Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) after 6 to 12 months of exposure (which completely disappears in three weeks). Surprisingly, this long lasting TTS had apparently no e ffect on ABRs thresholds, the evokedcortical activity, or the animal’s discrimination performance. These results encourage us to be quite cautious in generalizing the conclusions to be drawn from exposures to artificial noisyenvironments
Eling, Laura. "Augmentation du contrôle des tumeurs cérébrales et caractérisation des effets à long terme sur le tissu cérébral sain après exposition à la radiothérapie synchrotron par microfaisceaux chez le rat". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALS026.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn research and in clinics, pathologic states of the brain have been widely characterized, and new treatment strategies evolve on a daily basis. Conversely, therapy of one of the most severe brain conditions, known as glioblastoma, is in many cases without success. Within the therapeutic range, radiotherapy represents the most efficient method. However, as normal tissue cells are equally affected by radiation effects as cancerous cells, the prescribed dose remains greatly limited by radiotoxic adverse reactions. Thus, a continuous demand of improved irradiation techniques challenges researchers and clinicians to date. A novel form of radiotherapy is being developed, termed Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). In MRT, X-rays are generated by a synchrotron light source and are collimated into an array of parallel microbeams that are a few tens of microns wide and separated by a few hundred microns. This irradiation geometry allows very high dose deposition in the microbeam paths (peak dose) while tissue slices located in-between these paths receive only 5-10% of the peak dose (valley dose). The major benefit of this new modality lies within the preferential effects on tumor than on normal tissues. Tumor vessel responses differ drastically from those observed in mature blood vessels, thus preserving normal tissues while successfully ablating cancerous cells. In this thesis, the effects of MRT on normal brain tissue were further investigated. First, normal rats were exposed to whole-brain MRT (valley doses from 7 to 25 Gy). Second, MRT was delivered through multiple ports (up to 5), focalized in the right caudate nucleus (10 Gy valley dose). These animals were subject to behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologic analysis until one year post exposure. Results were compared to untreated rats and animals exposed to hospital- or synchrotron-generated broad beam (BB) irradiation. In addition, the multiport MRT geometry was tested on 9L gliosarcoma-bearing rats. The results demonstrated that long-term normal brain tissue effects of MRT at valley doses higher than 10 Gy were not negligible. Chronic vascular effects started off this dose, whereas tissue necrosis was only observed after 25 Gy exposure. MRT-induced behavioral changes were seen in increased locomotion and exploratory drive. However, veterinary observations did not raise concern in rats irradiated with ≤17 Gy MRT valley dose or in rats exposed to the multiport configuration. Remarkably, the successive addition of MRT incidences to the standard protocol for 9L tumor treatment increased significantly and exponentially animal survival and tumor control. Indeed, multiport MRT increases biological equivalent doses by a factor of ~2.5, a result never achieved by any other radiotherapeutical approach. The exceptional normal tissue sparing and the outstanding therapeutic index make multiport MRT a promising innovative method that is primed for clinical translation
Pereira, de Vasconcelos Anne. "Effets à court et à long terme d'un traitement chronique précoce au phénobarbital sur la maturation du métabolisme énergétique cérébral et sur le comportement du rat". Nancy 1, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1989_0354_PEREIRA_DE_VASCONCELOS.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchroeder, Henri. "Effets à court et à long terme d'un traitement chronique précoce au diazépam sur la maturation du métabolisme énergétique cérébral et sur le comportement du rat". Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0449_SCHROEDER.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchroeder, Henri. "Effets à court et à long terme d'un traitement chronique précoce au diazépam sur la maturation du métabolisme énergétique cérébral et sur le comportement du rat". Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0449_SCHROEDER.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaWoods, Jamie. "Le trouble stress post-traumatique en contexte de traumatisme crânio-cérébral : caractéristiques pré- et péri-traumatiques associées et effet à long terme sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé et la participation sociale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69377.
Pełny tekst źródłaGinguay, Antonin. "Effets de la citrulline sur des modèles physiopathologiques de vieillissement cérébral et de maladie d'Alzheimer Citrulline protects against oxidative stress: a promising nutritional approach to limit age-related cognitive decline Citrulline, a promising nutritional approach in Alzheimer’s disease ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB193.
Pełny tekst źródłaChambefort-Rochegune, Valérie. "Résultats à long terme de la revascularisation carotidienne après infarctus cérébral". Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6246.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorin, Mélanie. "Effet à long terme de la douleur à la naissance". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6247.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoulin, Solène. "Pronostic à long terme des hémorragies intra-cérébrales". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S040/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: The low frequency of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and its high mortality rate may explain the paucity of data in long term outcomes. The main objective was to study long term prognosis of ICH through the prism of their natural history.Methods: Our study populations were based on the PITCH (Prognosis of IntraCerebral Haemorrhage) cohort which is an observational study that included consecutively adults admitted at the Lille University Hospital for spontaneous ICH between 2004 and 2009. We aimed to determine (i) the incidence of new onset dementia and its clinical and radiological predictive factors; (ii) the prevalence of cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) and its associated factors; (iii) predictive factors of recurrent ICH.Results: We showed that the risk of new onset dementia is substantial after spontaneous ICH. Predictive factors of new onset dementia such as ICH lobar location and cSS suggest the implication of underlying cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We found that one out of five patients had cSS on baseline MRI. cSS was a strong predictive factor of recurrent ICH. Conclusion: These findings are of immediate clinical relevance in the management of ICH patients and will allow to adequately inform patients and caregivers. These results may provide additional information on ICH recurrence risk assessment and may contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies
Giaume, Murielle. "Contribution à l'étude des effets à long terme de stress de nature différente sur la synthèse protéique cérébrale". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T313.
Pełny tekst źródłaMARTIMIANO, Paula Honório de Melo. "Etude de l’impact à court et à long terme de la dénutrition périnatale sur le métabolisme du Trp cérébral". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18023.
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La dénutrition périnatale prédispose le nouveau-né au développement des maladies métaboliques et des déficits cognitifs. Cependant, il existe très peu d'informations sur la relation cause-effet entre le manque d’un, ou de plusieurs nutriments, pendant les étapes critiques du développent et la susceptibilité pathologique à l’âge adulte. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’étudier l’impact à court terme et à long terme de la dénutrition périnatale sur le métabolisme du tryptophane (Trp) cérébral. Le Trp est un acide aminé essentiel qui est métabolisé en sérotonine (5-HT) et, via la voie de la kynurénine (KYN), en de nombreux autres composés neuro-actifs dont l’acide kynurénique (KA) et l’acide xanthurénique (Xa). L'analyse quantitative par spectrométrie de masse des voies métaboliques du Trp, a montré que la restriction en apports protéiques chez la mère entraine une diminution importante de la concentration de Trp, de 5-HT et des métabolites du Trp issus de la KYN dans les cerveaux des embryons. En revanche, les rats adultes nés et allaités par des mères dénutries, présentent une augmentation de la concentration cérébrale de Trp, de 5-HT, de KYN et de Xa. Il n’y avait pas de modification des métabolites du Trp chez les animaux de deuxième génération. Ces résultats montrent que la dénutrition périnatale provoque des altérations à court terme et à long terme dans le métabolisme cérébral du Trp, mais qu’elles ne sont pas transmises à la deuxième génération.
A desnutrição perinatal predispõe o recém-nascido ao desenvolvimento de doenças metabólicas e défices cognitivos que podem ser transmitidas para a segunda geração. No entanto, há muito pouca informação sobre a relação causa-efeito entre a falta de um ou mais nutrientes durante estágios críticos de desenvolvimento e susceptibilidade à doença em curto e longo prazo. O objetivo dessa tese foi estudar o impacto a curto e longo prazo da desnutrição perinatal sobre o metabolismo do triptofano (Trp) cerebral. O Trp é um aminoácido essencial que é metabolizado em serotonina (5-HT) e através da via da quinurenina (KYN) em muitos outros compostos neuroativos como o ácido quinurênico (KA) e o ácido xanturênico (Xa). A análise quantitativa por espectrometria de massa das vias metabólicas de Trp mostrou que a restrição da ingestão de proteína na mãe resulta numa diminuição significativa na concentração de Trp, 5-HT e metabólitos da KYN em cérebros de embriões. Em contraste, ratos adultos nascidos e alimentados por mães desnutridas, exibem um aumento na concentração cerebral de Trp, 5-HT, KYN e Xa. Não houve modificação nos metabólitos do Trp nos animais de segunda geração. Estes resultados mostram que a desnutrição perinatal provoca alterações em curto e longo prazo no metabolismo cerebral do Trp, porém que não são transmitidas para a segunda geração.
Badet, Hugues. "Effet de la radiolyse sur les systèmes de corrosion anoxiques à très long terme des alliages ferreux". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945974.
Pełny tekst źródłaSerrurot, Emilie. "Troubles de l'homéostasie du fer et effets à long terme de la réduction précoce du volume de lésion dans la pathologie ischémique cérébrale". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOPE02.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe initially studied the disorders of cerebral and peripheral homeostasis of iron in the rat subjected to a brain ischemia and stroke patients. The experimental results show that ischemic brain areas exhibit an early and transient elevation of free iron levels and a delayed and sustained increase in ferritin expression. They also show that brain ischemia, if severe, results in high serum ferritin levels and that preischemic iron overload did not affect brain vulnerability to the cytotoxic effects of ischemia. The clinical results show that serum ferritin is close to normal values at hospital admission and increases with the time. Moreover, serum ferritin levels in the acute phase of stroke correlates with the Rankin score at 3 months. We then evaluated the long-term effects of the early lesion size reduction in rat subjected to cerebral lesion using a neuroprotective drug. Whereas drugs decreased by 50% the lesion size at day 1 after the lesion, they failed to ameliorate neurological outcome. In addition, no difference in the amount of the histologically intact residual brain tissue as well as in synaptogenesis were observed between drug- and vehicle-treated rats
Boyer, Jean-Marc. "Prévision du comportement à long terme des circuits intégrés CMOS irradiés". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaDivay, Alexis. "Etude de la fiabilité à long terme des transistors HEMT à base de GaN". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES054.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlGaN/GaN HEMTs are on their way to become a reference technology for high power and high frequency applications. However, the lack of feedback regarding the reliability of such devices can be felt by the defense, automotive and telecommunications industrialists because of its lack of maturity. This study deals with the long term reliability of power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in RADAR operating mode. It is based upon electrical characterizations, the development of an athermal measurement technique for traps and RF stresses on an ageing bench. The sum of all the characterizations before, during and after the ageing tests as well as micro-structural analyses allows to define hypotheses regarding the physical origin of the performance drift of such components
Denay, Anne-Gaëlle. "Mécanismes et tenue mécanique long-terme de mousses polyuréthanes pures et renforcées aux températures cryogéniques". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/74/01/10/PDF/MANUSCRIT_FINAL_THESE_AG_DENAY_14032012.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe general framework of the study concerns the long term creep resistance of polyurethane foams used in the wall of LNG tanks. The mechanical behavior in monotonic compression, low stress creep and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has been characterized at cryogenic temperatures (-170°C) for polyurethane foam reinforced or not by the glass fiber mat. The first objective was to characterize the response and the mechanisms activated at low temperatures. The induced damage by the strong cooling of samples affects the earliest stages of deformation in compression, depending on the sample size. The micrographs and tomographic observations post-mortem did not show obvious damage. A creep recovery deformation is also observed. The second objective was to consider a prediction method for long-term creep by time-temperature equivalence in DMA. The various transitions observed between -170°VC and glass transition have been analyzed, as well as the representativeness of small samples used in this device. The results obtained in multifrequency DMA have not allowed the construction of mater curve. This approach is not the most appropriate to predict the creep behavior under low stress and long term of these foams
Denay, Anne-Gaëlle. "Mécanismes et tenue mécanique long-terme de mousses polyuréthanes pures et renforcées aux températures cryogéniques". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740110.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaher, Ismail. "Etude neurochimique et comportementale des effets neuroprotecteurs du MgSO4 à court et long termes dans deux modèles de lésion cérébrale périnatale chez la souris mâle et femelle". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES039.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrematurity is responsible for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Premature infants are at risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP), characterized by motor and cognitive deficits lasting until adulthood. Hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation and male gender have been identified as CP risk factors. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) have been proposed as neuroprotective agent to improve infants sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes. Despite the reduction of CP prevalence by 33 %, MgSO4 use in clinic remains not systematic, notably in France, since its long term proper effects and its actions mechanisms are not well-known. Our work consisted in improving the knowledge of MgSO4 actions and effects. In order to evaluate MgSO4 (600 mg/kg) preventive actions mechanisms and its potential proper effects, two mouse models of cerebral neonatal lesion at 5 days (P5) have been used. We showed that the excitotoxic model (IBO), as the hypoxic-ischemic model (HI), have induced sensorimotor deficits in pups in both sexes, as motor and cognitive deficits in adult mice, more pronounced in male mice in the IBO model. In the latter, MgSO4 administration prevented at short and long term sensorimotor and cognitive alterations, as well as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions systems alterations. In the HI model, which causes more severe lesions, cognitive deficits have not been prevented by MgSO4. We also showed that MgSO4 induced neuroprotection is multifactorial, as MgSO4 reduced glutamatergic neurotransmission and apoptosis. Work in progress in the HI model indicates that MgSO4 may decrease inflammatory process, in a sex dependant manner. MgSO4 pre-treatment did not induce deleterious secondary effects in the measured parameters in our study
Galvani, Christel. "Effet de l'activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293704.
Pełny tekst źródłaGalvani, Christel Delamarche Paul Medelli Jean. "Effet de l'activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme". Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293704/fr.
Pełny tekst źródłaGalvani, Christel. "Effet de l’activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme". Rennes 2, 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00293704/fr/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the comparison of different training protocols for healthy severe obese subjects in terms of body weight and body composition, physiological and health related enhancement parameters. All subjects participated in an integrated body mass eduction program (duration: 3 weeks), consisting in: a) energy-restricted diet, b) nutritional education, c) psychological counseling, d) exercise training. All tests were performed the day before the beginning of the integrated program and repeated after 3 weeks (end of the first intervention phase of the program) and once again during a day hospital organized 1 y after the beginning of the treatment. These are the major findings of this research: 1) all behavioral interventions structured in this study provided positive effects at short-term for weight loss and body composition, physiological and health parameters and at the long-term for weight-maintenance; the studied interventions had a positive effect on lifestyle modification because inactive obese subjects had increase their physical activity level (PAL); 2) 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise 5 days/week has been well tolerated during a low caloric diet and it is the PAL we suggest to maintain; 3) strength training has been an important component of the weight loss program at short-term to enhance maximal strength but has not allowed to preserve fat free mass; 4) an increase in intensity has not been necessary at the short-term, since it has not determined any advantages. At the end of this study we can conclude that in our opinion the greatest obesity challenge is to find how to obtain a permanent lifestyle modification for obese subjects
Morency, Catherine-Ève. "Effets de l'estradiol et de la progestérone sur le contrôle respiratoire en situation hypoxique chez le raton nouveau-né et impacts à long terme". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23851/23851.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelattre, Claire. "Approches physiopathologiques des interactions entre accident vasculaire cérébral et démence vasculaire". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982049.
Pełny tekst źródłaFianu, Adrian. "Effet à long terme et transférabilité d'un programme de prévention primaire du diabète de type 2 dans les quartiers vulnérables à la Réunion". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30115.
Pełny tekst źródłaType 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in the French overseas territories than it is in mainland France. This observation is even more valid with respect to the disadvantaged neighbourhoods of overseas territories. Indeed, the population in these neighbourhoods is exposed to social determinants that favour the onset of T2D, including lower access to health care. In this context, we put forward the hypothesis that improvements in behaviour for risk factor reduction according to a primary prevention approach within a vulnerable neighbourhood constitute an appropriate strategy for ameliorating the health of the local population. In order to test this hypothesis, we evaluated the long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention conducted in 2001-2003 and aimed at reducing the risk of T2D through weight loss in 445 high-risk non-diabetic overweight or obese subjects aged 18-40 years and living in two disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Reunion Island. Nine years after the inclusion in the intervention control trial, the follow-up of participants revealed a reduction in adiposity levels in the intervention group compared with the control group. This suggests that the initiation of changes in diet and physical activity combined with community health practices and improving prevention access within district present long-term health benefits in a context where "obesogenic" environmental and living conditions prevail. Following this epidemiological study focused on the validation of a primary preventive model for the vulnerable populations of Reunion Island, we examined the transferability of this type of intervention. Public health interventions constitute "black boxes" that are difficult to describe, evaluate and transfer. An intervention cannot be transferred as a whole to a new implementation context, as this could lead to a lack of reproducibility that would be impossible to explain. In this perspective, it seems useful to separate the intervention's "standardisable by function" and potentially transferable theoretical processes (the key functions) from the concrete and context-dependent activities implemented in the field, as well as to identify the significant contextual elements that may alter the intervention. The construction of the key functions/implementation/context model (FIC) and the clarification of the causality model of the prevention program - based on a retrospective collaborative approach that involved a project leader, field worker and researchers from several disciplines - enabled us to better describe the studied intervention, to analyse its transferability, and to discuss its evaluation. This lifestyle intervention was composed of thirteen key functions distributed into three action strategies aimed at reducing social inequalities (strengthening individuals, strengthening communities, improving living conditions) and six specific underlying goals. The causality model included individual, meso-social and environmental health determinants. In 2004, the program was transferred to another vulnerable neighbourhood of Reunion Island. The analysis of the program transfer shows that some of the key functions, modalities of implementation and contextual elements were potentially involved in the transferability of this intervention. A wider range of result indicators, data analyses, and population research methods may be needed to improve the evaluation of the intervention's impact in the neighbourhood's social network
Chauty-Frondas, Anne. "Effet du sexe de l'enfant sur la croissance néonatale, la composition corporelle et le développement psychomoteur à long terme chez le nouveau-né prématuré". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1db43aa3-0b55-4205-ace3-227a441e5f66.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the last decade, Neonatology units have been confronted with a steep rise in the incidence of preterm birth. Ideally, an optimal nutritional management of preterm infants should ensure a growth pattern identical to that observed in utero during the last trimester of gestation. Extra-uterine growth restriction, however, still commonly occurs, and impacts long term neurological outcome. Although weight bas long been used as the sole parameter to assess growth, the determination of body composition may help in improving nutritional strategies. We used neonatal piglet as a suitable live animal model to validate air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a reliable method to assess body composition in preterm infants. We showed that ADP allows for a large-scale, reliable, and precise assessment of variations in body composition. Using that method, we showed that at the time of hospital discharge, the body composition of preterm infants differs from that of term infants, with an excess of fat mass due to insufficient accretion of lean body mass in preterm infants. Such effect was predominantly observed in boys, who have long been known to be more sensitive to neonatal events. Finally, we observed that, in male premature infants, extra-uterine growth restriction was associated with a higher risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Taken together, our findings suggest that intensified protocols of nutritional management should improve the long term outcome of premature infants, particularly in boys
Gallas, Sophie. "Evaluation à moyen et long terme du traitement endovasculaire des anévrismes intracrâniens par l'optimisation des séquences d'Angiographie par Résonance Magnétique : à propos d'une cohorte de patients, avec 1036 anévrismes cérébraux suivis depuis 1998". Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3302/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 1991 and the introduction of detachable intracranial coils, the endovasculary treatment of cerebral aneurysms has become an established treatment technique and has supplied surgical approach of these aneurysms. The rate of morbidity and mortality of this new technique is now well known and law. Initial Angiographic and clinical results were yet published with good outcome. Concern exists about long term reopening and the inherent risk of recurrent hemorrhage and long-term imaging follow-up is advocated. Digital Substract Hemorrhage was the gold standard for detection and follow-up of patients, but this diagnostic procedure is invasive and exposes the patient to a small risk of serious complication. MR angiography has been used as an alternative noninvasive imaging technique to assess the occlusion of coiled intracranial aneurysms with promising results. Since 1998, we have collected all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and patients with cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular approach. We have proposed different MRI sequences to valid this technique and improve this techniqueWe have compared 3D TOF to digital angiography, with sequences with injection of gadolinium. [...]
Reisiger, Anne-Ruth. "Pathologie du système de récompense : effets à long terme d’une exposition chronique à la nicotine et au sucrose". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14870/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLearning mechanisms associated with active responding for nicotine enhanced the excitability of the ILCx-BNST pathway. The objective of this project was to better understand the involvement of the ILCx-BNST pathway in nicotine self-administration. Since the endocannabinoid system controls nicotine reinforcement and nicotine-induced synaptic modifications, we examined the role of CB1 receptors in the BNST. We showed that acquisition of nicotine IVSA was associated with a persistent facilitation of LTP induction at ILCx-BNST synapses. Behaviorally, electrical stimulation temporarily increased excessive responding to nicotine when nicotine was not available. Moreover, using intra-BNST pharmacology, we revealed that stimulation of BNST CB1 receptors enhanced sensitivity to nicotine-paired cue. In contrast, after a prolonged history of nicotine intake, it blocked drug-seeking in a reinstatement model of relapse. Drug addiction is partly due to the inability to stop using despite negative consequences. The hypothesis that palatable food induces similar uncontrolled consumption is becoming more widespread. As drug addiction is known to increases activity of VTA DA neurons, we aimed to examine whether exposure to sucrose would induce similar neuronal modifications and impair the capacity to respond to an aversive stimulus. We found that sucrose enhanced spontaneous activity of DA VTA neurons. In addition, while a footshock caused a nearly complete inhibition of activity of VTA DA neurons in control rats, sucrose disrupted signaling of an aversive stimulus. These modifications were independent from the caloric state of the rats
Thériault, Mélanie. "Effet de la fréquence sur les erreurs d'ordre en rappel sériel immédiat et en rappel sériel différé". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38197.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAli, Mohamad. "Effet de l'enrichissement physique et social sur l'établissement d'un souvenir spatial à long terme après lésion des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus chez le rat". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ054/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent studies have shown the key role of the ventral midline thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid nuclei; ReRh) in spatial memory persistence in rats, which requires a hippocampo- prefrontal dialogue for consolidation at the systems-level. As enriched environment (EE) promotes the recovery of declarative-like memories after diencephalic (anterior thalamus) lesion, and enhances neuronal plasticity, we tested its impact on the effects of the ReRh lesion upon the consolidation/retrieval of a remote spatial memory in a Morris water maze (i.e. 25 post-acquisition days). For this purpose, we exposed rats for 40 days to an enriched environment beginning 2 weeks after fiber-sparing excitotoxic thalamic lesions. In addition, the expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was mapped by immunohistochemistry as a marker of functional activity in the dorsal hippocampus, the median prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the amygdala. Enriched housing allows the recovery of spatial memory persistence capacities in ReRh rats, with additional beneficial effects on anxiety and habituation to a novel environment. Immunohistochemistry of the Fos protein showed a higher recruitment of the mPFC, concomitant with memory capacities recovery in enriched ReRh rats, while in standard ReRh rats, Fos expression in the mPFC was significantly decreased together with the alteration of memory performance. The lesion-induced amygdala hyperactivity in basal and memory conditions was significantly attenuated in the ReRh enriched group. We suggested that amygdala might be involved in the effect of ReRh lesion on memory persistence, and also in the functional recovery associated with the restoration of the mPFC activity during remote memory retrieval in enriched ReRh rats
Bruno, Delmas. "Comment améliorer la dérive des résonateurs à quartz pour applications spatiales ?" Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449571.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuahab, Athmane. "Modélisation des consommations d'énergie et des émissions de CO² à long terme appliquée au secteur résidentiel algérien". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1801/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe residential sector in Algeria consumes 25 % of the final energy and emits about 21% of greenhouse gas emissions. However, there is a significant potential of energy saving in this sector. This leads to looking for ways to make the sector of housing more efficient in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This thesis aims to develop different methods of quantitative analysis dedicated to improving the performance of the résidential sector in 2050. In other words, the objective is to reduce energy consumption and stabilize CO2 emissions. The comparison between France and Algeria should help to clarify the differences in both dynamic structures housing stock as well as in those induced by climate differentials.This research work fits into a prospective approach. It is based on the principles of prospective exercise developed by Jacques Arcade, Michel Godet, and it is influenced by numerous research works (ETHEL, CLIP). It has the ambition to develop a model of bottom-up energy prospective capable of measuring various trajectories of the evolution of energy consumption in the residential sector and resulting emissions by 2050.This model is based on the data of the central scenario of demography and the housing stock of the Algerian National office of Statistics, and on the well-argued assumptions concerning the démographic evolution of households. The continuation of current trends in terms of energy consumption at the approach of 2050 allows us to draw up a reference scenario on which the thesis is based to identify the actions to be implemented to identify possible solutions. Indeed, by basing itself on a set of technological levers, our model can establish voluntaris scenarios in which several trajectories of the evolution of the consumption/emissions pair can be envisaged.Besides the scientific interest of this work, the developement of this model can establish a help tool for the implementation of an energy policy concerning the improvement of the energy efficiency in the sector of housing ; moreover, the scenarios undertaken could constitute a road map for new energy strategies
Lacanal, Evelyne. "Méthodes non-invasives (PAS et rPAS) d'induction de plasticité corticale appliquées sur les muscles extenseurs du poignet chez les sujets sains et les patients hémiplégiques". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1097/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoth methods such as Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) combining peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation at low frequency (0,1 Hz) during 30 minutes and rapid rate Paired Associative Stimulation (rPAS) at high frequency (5Hz) during 2 minutes, are able to induce plastic changes in humans. Changes of cortical excitability have been investigated in healthy subjects, after a PAS (n =17) and rPAS protocols (n=12) applied on the wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) muscle. Both methods have also been applied on hemiplegic patients (PAS (n=6), rPAS (n=3)), in one session performed one, five and twelve months after the stroke in order to investigate their feasibility and changes of cortical excitability and motor performances of the paretic hand induced by the intervention. Both methods, PAS and rPAS, were able to induce in the healthy subjects as well as in the hemiplegic patients lasting changes in cortical motor excitability of wrist muscles (ECR Motor Evoked Potential Facilitation) with electrophysiological characteristics compatible with a LTP-like mechanism. In the hemiplegic patients, the facilitation post PAS was more easy to induce in the first months of the recovery that one year after the stroke. The more shorter and comfortable rPAS protocol allowed to highlight a transient improvement of motor performance in the 3 patients investigated. These results suggest that these non invasive neuromodulation methods can be proposed as a therapeutic adjuvent in hemiplegic patients and if repeated several days could probably facilitate the natural plastic changes occuring in the recovery phase of a stroke
FAHD-RACHID, AHMED. "Effet a long terme d'apports continus de dechets urbains sur les caracteristiques du sol. Consequences sur les proprietes de la matiere organique en relation avec sa teneur en lipides". Montpellier, ENSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENSA0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaKarypidis, Charalampos. "Asymétries en perception et traitement de bas niveau : traces auditives, mémoire a court terme et représentations mentales". Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487590.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerron-Drolet, François. "Effets des changements climatiques sur la performance à long terme des chaussées souples au Québec - Volet 2 : effet de l'augmentation de la température en hiver et d'une hausse du nombre d'épisode de redoux hivernaux". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25988.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the coming decades climate change will have significant impacts on the long-term performance of the road network of Quebec, particularly during winter period. This study quantifies the effect of climate change expected in winter, precisely the effect of a decrease in the freezing index and an increase in the number of episodes of winter thaws. Firstly milder winter temperatures will have a positive impact by reducing pavement damage caused by frost heaves. Increased duration of life of about 6-17% is expected for climate horizon [2011-2040]. In addition, an adjustment of the freezing index has also been established to adapt construction of future pavement structure to less severe winters. Thereafter, the effect of an increase in the number of winter thaws events will have a negative impact on pavements increasing damages by permanent deformation in the granular base and by fatigue in the asphalt concrete layer. Triaxial tests were conducted to evaluate the performance on permanent deformation of different types of MG-20 subjected to repeated winter thaws. These tests were then validated using a small-scale heavy vehicle simulator. It was possible to conclude that, for the climate horizon [2011-2040], flexible pavements in Quebec will suffer a loss of lifetime ranging from 7 to 13% in permanent deformation. Regarding the fatigue damage, we expect a reduction of lifetime from 5 to 8%. Finally, some mitigation methods are proposed to adapt road networks to climate change.
Mazeau, Julie. "Modélisation électrothermique comportementale dynamique d’amplificateurs de puissance microondes pour les applications radars". Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/14aa4679-d40a-4851-9ccf-c0cfea58c2a3/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4020.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe generation of high power densities in microwave power amplifiers requires the prediction of the amplitude and phase signal distortions resulting from self-heating effects. In this framework, a new behavioral electrothermal model for power amplifiers has been developped for radar applications. This model predicts efficiently the low frequency memory effects influence on the amplitude and the phase of the pulsed signal envelope. The non linear high frequency memory dispersive effects are taken into account and interact with the thermal dependence. This original approach are based on a new formulation of the first order dynamic Volterra series and a reduced thermal model. The model is integrated into the Agilent ADS circuit simulator. This generic method, which has been validated by measurement, is illustrated with a HBT MMIC amplifier but can be applied to any other amplifier technology
Leroux, Sarah. "Etude des hypoxies périnatales : conception d'outils et effets sur le développement du cervelet chez la souris. Hypoxia is associated with a retardation of cerebellar development and long-term functional deficits in a mouse model of apnea of prematurity". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR100.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe cerebellum is involved in major motor functions such as coordination and equilibrium. Recently, it has also been shown to play a role in cognitive abilities like language, attention or learning. At birth, the development of the cerebellar cortex in human is not completed and continues until the first postnatal months. Thereby, this structure appears to be particularly vulnerable to various perinatal injuries, such as hypoxic incidents. Perinatal hypoxia (HP) represents a common pathology responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders and is involved in 1/3 of neonatal deaths. It could be induced by different events such as looping of umbilical cord (continuous hypoxia) or apnea of prematurity (intermittent hypoxia) and affects many cerebral regions. However, its impact on the cerebellum has not been investigated in detail. Yet, a correlation between the functions controlled by the cerebellum and the deficits observed in children affected by an oxygen (O2) deficiency at birth has been demonstrated. Taken together, these data suggest that perinatal hypoxia may lead to modifications in the cerebellar circuit organization and induce functional alterations. Thus, this study aims to identify the effects of two types of HP on the cerebellar development; (i) an intermittent hypoxia (HI) consisting of 2-minute cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation repeated over 6 hours on mice during 10 days from postnatal day 2 (P2), referring to apnea of prematurity, and (ii) a continuous hypoxia (HC) of 5% of O2 during 40 minutes on P6, P12 and P21 mice, mimicking a perinatal respiratory delay. Firstly, we studied the oxidative stress and showed that ROS production increases in P12 mice after both protocols, indicating that hypoxia affects the cerebellum. In HC, this oxidative stress is associated with a moderate increase in apoptosis without histological and behavioral consequences in the short or long term. However, IH induces a significant delay in histogenesis, leading to a decrease in the thickness of the cerebellar cortex layers. This disorganization of the cerebellum is accompanied by deficits in reflex acquisition. Our results suggest that IH may induce a long-term protective mechanism via, at least, an anti-apoptotic effect which compensates histological alterations from P21. However, this compensatory process is insufficient and defaults in motor coordination and cognition persist in adult mice. In order to study more precisely hypoxia and report its effects in vivo in real time, we also characterized 7 probes derived from sulforhodamine-101 and sensitive to a lack of oxygen. The emission and excitation spectra obtained demonstrate that 5 of these molecules are excitable in the infrared, and can thus be detectable by two-photon microscopy. In addition, we demonstrated that they are not degraded, confirming that they are usable for in vivo imaging. Thus, this work validates our two hypoxia models but shows that each type of hypoxia has specific effects on the developing cerebellum: continuous hypoxia acts in the short-term while intermittent hypoxia leads to profound structural and functional impacts. In the long term, our data aim to determine the precise mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of HP with fluorescent dies sensitive to hypoxia, and to correlate the functional deficits observed in children who have suffered from perinatal hypoxia with cerebellum alterations to improve their health care
Soualeh, Nidhal. "Évaluation des effets neuro-inflammatoires de l’exposition périnatale aux anguilles (Anguilla anguilla L.) contaminées naturellement aux polluants organiques persistants sur le comportement et les fonctions cognitives dans un modèle murin". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0288/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeveral lines of evidence indicate that early-life inflammation may predispose to mental illness in later-life. In our study, we investigated the impact of perinatal exposure to polluted eels on the brain and microglia inflammation in a lifespan approach as well as on the resignation behavior, the locomotor activity and the cognitive performances in the later life of male and female offspring mice. The effects of maternal standard diet (laboratory food) were compared to the same diet enriched with low, intermediate, or highly polluted eels. Our results showed a chronic brain inflammation in male and female offspring mice compared to controls, as assessed at the birth, up weaning, adulthood and middle-age. Activated microglia produced pro-inflammatory markers across the lifespan of male as well as female exposed offspring. The plasmatic level of myeloperoxidase was found to be significantly higher in both adult and middle-aged males and females vs. control offspring. However, high corticosterone levels were only found in adult male offspring mice perinatally exposed to polluted eels, suggesting a sex-selective dysregulation of the adult hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Sex selective differences were also found in adulthood, with regard to the offspring resignation behavior. Indeed, depressive-like symptoms were only found in adult male mice perinatally exposed to polluted eels. On the middle- age, sexe selective effects were found with regard to memory and locomotor activity. Indeed, hyperactive phenotype was only detected in females. In addition, impaired long-term memory was only detected in middle-aged females, perinatally exposed to either intermediately or highly polluted eels. This deficit was related to decreases in ERK1/2 and p65 activation, and acetylcholine levels that were only detected in female hippocampus exposed to either intermediately or highly polluted eels. In conclusion, our results indicated that early-life inflammatory insults were the plausible causative factor that programmed the behavior impairments and cognitive deficit in the later-life of offspring, and suggested that sex played an important role in the determination of nature of the appeared alterations
Lesburgueres, Edith. "Implication fonctionnelle de l’interface hippocampo-corticale dans le processus de consolidation systémique de la mémoire associative non spatiale chez le rat : contribution du mécanisme d’étiquetage neuronal". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13982/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract :
Mo, Zhexun. "A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
Kaur, Amarpreet. "Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and hospitalization in childhood". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23579.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage is associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae, but the long-term risk of other outcomes is unknown. The association between neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and the risk of childhood morbidity was assessed. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of 794,384 infants born between 2006 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada was analyzed. Infants were tracked over time to identify later hospitalizations with follow-up extending up to 12 years after birth. In Cox regression models adjusted for maternal and infant characteristics, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association of intraventricular hemorrhage with future hospitalization. Results: A total of 1,322 (0.2%) infants developed grade I to IV intraventricular hemorrhage. The incidence of childhood hospitalization was higher in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage than in infants without hemorrhage (23.8 vs. 5.7 per 100 person-years). Compared with no hemorrhage, infants with intraventricular hemorrhage had 1.56 times the risk of hospitalization (95% CI 1.43-1.70). The risk was 2.81 times higher for grade III/IV hemorrhage (95% CI 2.23-3.53) compared to those born without hemorrhage. Preterm intraventricular hemorrhage was associated with 1.82 times the risk (95% CI 1.66-2.00) compared to term infants born without hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage at term was associated with 3.19 times the risk of hospitalization (95% CI 2.55-4.00) compared to those born term without hemorrhaging. Primary reasons for hospitalizations included central nervous system, ophthalmologic, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular disorders. Conclusion: Intraventricular hemorrhage, especially of higher grades and in term neonates, is an important determinant of the future risk of child hospitalization.
Larson-Dupuis, Camille. "Effets à long terme des traumatismes cranio-cérébraux légers : facteurs influençant l'évolution". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24651.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe following thesis investigates the long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including concussions, and factors influencing post-injury evolution in two vulnerable populations: female athletes and aging individuals. In a first study, olfactory capacities of asymptomatic concussed female athletes were evaluated an average of two years after their last concussion. The appeal of this study lies mainly in its investigation of the potential role of the BDNF Val66Met (BDNFMet) polymorphism, which is associated with reduced secretion of the BDNF neuroplasticity protein, on post-concussion olfactory variations. In a second study, cognitive effects of sustaining a single mTBI were assessed in individuals between 50 and 70 years old who sustained their injury on average five years earlier. This characterization is particularly relevant given that most studies focusing on long-term effects of this injury have studied individuals having sustained multiple mTBI. Furthermore, this study also aimed to evaluate if a twelve-week aerobic exercise program would allow improvements of altered cognitive functions in mTBI patients. Results from the following thesis first allow to better describe some long-term effects of mTBI. More precisely, the first study suggests different patterns of olfactory functioning according to BDNF genotype in female concussed athletes. Thus, BDNFmet carriers performed significantly better than BDNFval carriers at the different olfactory tasks. Given that this genetic relationship was not present in control participants, these results suggest that olfactory functioning following a concussion is, at least in part, mediated by the BDNFmet polymorphism. As for the second study, it suggests long-term cognitive effects of having sustained a single mTBI in sedentary, but healthy, individuals between the ages of 50 and 70. Indeed, mTBI participants showed lower performance when compared to age and sex-matched control participants on neuropsychological tasks measuring aspects of processing speed, executive functioning (planning, verbal fluency) and visual memory. This study did not find any difference regarding attention, inhibition, verbal memory and visuoconstructive abilities. These cognitive results are an interesting contribution to the literature as they occur in individuals presenting no risk factor (chronic disease, mental health disorders) typically associated with long-term effects of mTBI. Regarding the second phase of this study, aerobic exercise improved cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) more than stretching (control condition) in mTBI patients. However, in this small sample of sixteen participants, aerobic exercise did not allow to improve altered cognitive functions in mTBI participants. Different possible explanations are addressed to guide future studies.
Tremblay, Sebastien. "Étude des corrélats neurobiologiques des effets à long terme des commotions cérébrales liées au sport". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5364.
Pełny tekst źródłaAge, genotype and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are three of the most important risk factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. With a growing body of evidence showing the persistent deleterious effects of the mildest form of TBI, it becomes imperative to test the hypothesis that sports concussion could interact with aging to precipitate neurodegeneration. Thirty former high-level athletes (mean age = 60 yrs), half of them having sustained sports concussion during their young adulthood, underwent neuropsychological, neuroanatomical and APOE genotype examination. Data analysis revealed numerous neurobiological anomalies, such as ventricular enlargement, correlating with cognitive deficits (delayed and recognition memory) in concussed participants. Of particular interest, some neuroanatomical measures were found to be modulated by APOE single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These findings support the idea that sports concussions sustained in early adulthood are a risk factor of neurodegeneration in late adulthood.
Bégnoche, Mélanie. "Effet modérateur des dimensions culturelles « aversion à l'incertitude » et « orientation à long terme » sur le « International Technology Acceptance Model »". Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2871/1/M9362.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoulet-Craig, Aubrée. "Difficultés neurocognitives et fonctionnement cérébral chez des survivants de la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë pédiatrique". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23480.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children. Today, the survival rate of ALL is very high, mainly because of the efficiency of contemporary treatment protocols. However, several studies report neurocognitive deficits, neuroanatomical damage and neurofunctional particularities in that population. These deficits can affect quality of life as well as academic and professional achievement. The aim of the present thesis was to study the neurocognitive profile and neuronal functioning of survivors of ALL. This thesis includes three articles, one review article and two empirical articles. Our first article aimed at summarizing frequent neurocognitive difficulties and neuroanatomical damage present in ALL survivors. Our review shows that several deficits are seen in that population. Regarding cognition, executive difficulties are the most frequently reported. Amongst them, short-term memory is one of the most affected neurocognitive function. Regarding neuroanatomical damages, cerebral white matter integrity is frequently altered in that population. Moreover, these difficulties persist many years after the end of treatments. In some cases, the gravity of these deficits can even increase with passing years after diagnosis. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated long-term adult survivors, more than a decade after diagnosis. Our second article first describes the neurocognitive profile of a cohort of adolescent and adult ALL survivors. Our results suggest a high incidence of deficits in working memory, phonological verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility and visuo-motor coordination. We also aimed at validating a brief neurocognitive screening procedure in a sub-population of the same cohort, composed uniquely of adult ALL survivors: the DIVERGT screening procedure. Our results showed that the DIVERGT accurately predicted general intellectual functioning, mathematics and verbal memory. The procedure had acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and excellent negative predictive value (NPV) for the screening of difficulties in multiple neurocognitive domains. Therefore, the DIVERGT could easily be used during routine examination in adult ALL survivors and, improve the quality of cancer related long-term follow-up. Because deficits in short-term memory/ working memory are frequent in ALL survivors, we investigated neural correlates of visual short-term memory (VSTM) in that population, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) as part of our third article. Comparing ALL survivors results with healthy subjects, we aimed at uncovering VSTM related brain activation anomalies in our clinical population. Our results showed that performance in VSTM was similar between controls and survivors. However, atypical brain activation was found in multiple brain regions in ALL survivors. They displayed an over activation of regions that are usually involved in VSTM: lateral occipital, precentral and postcentral gyri, as well as regions that are not usually involved in VSTM: superior and middle temporal region and supramarginal gyrus. A sub-activation of the inferior frontal region was also found. Our results suggest the existence of compensatory neural mechanisms in ALL survivors, allowing them to perform as healthy subjects. Last, we showed that these patterns of activation were modulated by the age of onset, a well-known risk factor for the development of neurocognitive deficits. Activity was reduced in participants who were younger at the time of diagnosis. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of studying neurocognitive and neuronal functioning in ALL survivors, as well as the factors that can modulate their efficacy.
Pagé, Gabriel. "Étude du microbiote intratumoral et son effet sur la survie à long terme des individus atteints du cancer du sein". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24713.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe human microbiota is defined by all the microbes inhabiting a specific body site. The different human microbiota, and in particular the intestinal microbiota which is the most studied, can modulate many biological mechanisms, including metabolism and the immune response. An imbalance in the bacterial species that compose the microbiota, or dysbiosis, has been associated with several inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, obesity, but also various types of cancer. Additionally, bacteria have been shown to impact the response of patients to cancer therapy. Breast cancer is the deadliest cancer in women. However, the etiology of the disease remains uncertain. Recently, it has been shown that bacteria can infiltrate deeper tissues like breast tissue, forming a local microbiota. Considering the impact that dysbiosis can have on the anti-tumor immune response and the response to treatments, we hypothesized that an intratumoral bacterial presence similar in composition and quantity to that of normal non-cancerous tissue affects the progression of breast cancer, as well as the clinical outcomes of patients. The presence of the intratumoral breast microbiota was therefore validated by the detection of several bacterial components on whole tumor sections using molecular staining. Then, we evaluated the potential role of this microbiota by quantifying and identifying the bacterial species present in tumors and adjacent normal tissues of patients in our breast cancer cohort. Our results show a lower abundance of bacterial DNA in breast tumors compared to adjacent paired normal tissues, suggesting that an alteration of the mammary microbiota is associated with breast cancer. In addition, patients with a very low bacterial signal in their tumor had a higher number of recurrences. This influence of the apparent quantity of bacteria on the clinical outcomes has been observed mainly in patients with an advanced tumor, either a high grade or a high stage, and of the Luminal HER2+, HER2+ (non-luminal) and Luminal B molecular subtype. No relationship has been observed between the bacterial composition of the breast intratumoral microbiota and the recurrence. Our work suggests a prognostic and therapeutic implication of the bacterial load of the microbiota associated with breast tumors.
De, Beaumont Louis. "Long-term effects of sports concussion". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3693.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuestion: This thesis aimed to address two fundamental issues: 1) Are there long-lasting effects of sports-related concussion on cognitive and motor functions? and 2) Are the adverse effects of recurrent concussions cumulative? Experimental Design: The cross-sectional thesis design included a group of active university-level athletes as well as a group of former athletes recruited more than three decades after their university years who were tested on neurophysiological measures of both cognitive and motor system functions. Methods: Event-Related potentials and neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive functions while transcranial magnetic paradigms were used to assess motor cortex excitability, a force platform was used to assess postural stability and a 3-dimensional recording device was used to track hand position when performing a rapid alternating movement task. Results: This thesis disclosed persistent and cumulative alterations of both cognitive and motor functions after sports concussions. Furthermore, subclinical, neurophysiological alterations found in young concussed athletes were exacerbated in former athletes with concussions who displayed quantifiable cognitive and motor functions decline more than three decades post-concussion. Discussion: These results suggest that sports concussions induce cognitive and motor functions abnormalities that worsen as a function of the number of concussions sustained. Moreover, findings from the present thesis indicate that the deleterious effects of sports concussion on cognitive and motor system functions combined to those associated with the aging process lead to quantifiable decline on both cognition and motor functions.