Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Electric vehicle

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Electric vehicle”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 22 lutego 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Electric vehicle"

Ahirrao, Abhishek, Shantanu Metkar, Abhishek Avhad, Dr Swapnil Awate i Prof Vishal Shinde. "Hybrid Electric AWD Vehicle Kit". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 11 (30.11.2022): 1566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47667.

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Abstract: The environmental impact of ICE automobiles in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries prompted the development of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have numerous advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles, including the fact that they emit no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. With many advantages of electric vehicles over traditional ICE vehicles, the world is moving toward EVs as a new improved means of transportation. Electric vehicles' tank to wheel efficiency is three times larger than ICE vehicles', and electric vehicles have very low running and maintenance costs. Even though electric vehicles are the best alternative, they do have significant disadvantages that are listed in the problem statement. Our proposal aims to bridge the gap between pure electric and traditional ICE automobiles by combining the primary benefits and advantages of both technologies. The project's main goal is to convert any existing ICE car into the most efficient vehicle possible. Our car can basically run on two distinct independent sources of energy, or even a combination of both. It can function as a pure electric vehicle, a pure ICE vehicle, or a hybrid AWD vehicle (where high amount of power is required). It has been shown that the average city dweller does not drive his or her car for more than 25 kilometers per day, and that the vehicle is parked the majority of the time. As a result, that individual can traverse that distance in pure electric mode, and our vehicle's solar charging mechanism will recover/recharge the energy expended while on the road. As a result, the person will be able to use our vehicle for free to generate sustainable energy. The use of ICE vehicles is rapidly increasing pollution in the environment; even pure EVs are an indirect source of pollution because the bulk of power is still generated by burning coal, thus our vehicle's use will undoubtedly make a significant difference.

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Vasiljević, S., B. Aleksandrović, J. Glišović i M. Maslać. "Regenerative braking on electric vehicles: working principles and benefits of application". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1271, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1271/1/012025.

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Abstract The application of electric vehicles leads to a change in the principle of operation and functioning of some systems in the vehicle, which also lead to a change in the concept of the vehicle itself. One of those systems that has a new concept, which differs from vehicles powered by IC engines, is the braking system. The previous function of the braking system was to stop the vehicle, i.e. to reduce the speed of the vehicle in a safe way. In the case of electric vehicles, the friction brakes were retained, with the addition of a regenerative braking system that has the role of replenishing the vehicle's batteries. The regenerative braking system has the role of converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy that recharges the batteries. This system is already used today on full electric and hybrid vehicles, i.e. on vehicles powered by an electric motor. The benefits of regenerative braking are reflected on the fact that the vehicle batteries are recharged during braking, vehicle maintenance costs are reduced, the service life of discs and drum brakes on the vehicle is extended, brake non-exhaust emission is reduced, and heat energy emission is reduced, too.

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An, Youngkuk, Byeonggyu Yang, Jinil Park, Jonghwa Lee i Kyoungseok Park. "Analysis of Energy Flow in a Mid-Sized Electric Passenger Vehicle in Urban Driving Conditions". World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, nr 8 (14.08.2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080218.

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Because of emissions of exhaust gases, global warming is proceeding, and air pollution has increased. Thus, many countries are manufacturing eco-friendly vehicles, including electric vehicles. However, the range of electric vehicles is less than the range of internal combustion engine vehicles, so electric vehicle production is being disrupted. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the energy flow of electric vehicles. Therefore, to analyze energy flow of electric vehicles, this study suggested an energy flow structure first, then modeled the energy flow of the vehicle, dividing it into battery, inverter and motor, reduction gear and differential, and wheel parts. This study selected a test vehicle, drove in urban driving conditions and measured data. Then, this study calculated energy flow using MATLAB/SIMULINK in real time, and calculated and analyzed energy loss of each of the vehicle’s parts using the calculated data.

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Wang, Cheng, Tongtong Ji, Feng Mao, Zhenpo Wang i Zhiheng Li. "Prognostics and Health Management System for Electric Vehicles with a Hierarchy Fusion Framework: Concepts, Architectures, and Methods". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (15.01.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685900.

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The prognostics and health management (PHM) of electric vehicles is an important guarantee for their safety and long-term development. At present, there are few studies researching about life cycle PHM system of electric vehicles. In this paper, we first summarize the research progress and key methods of PHM. Then, we propose a three-level PHM system with a hierarchy fusion architecture for electric vehicles based on the structure, data source of them. In the PHM system, we introduce a database consisting of the factory data, real-time data, and detection data. The electric vehicle's factory parameters are used for determining the life curve of the electric vehicle and its components, the real-time data are used for predicting the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of the electric vehicle and its components, and the detection data are used for fault diagnosis. This health management database is established to help make condition-based maintenance decisions for electric vehicles. In this way, a complete electric vehicle PHM system is formed, which can realize the whole-life-cycle life prediction and fault diagnosis of electric vehicles.

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V, James Prasadh. "People Thinking General Facts About Electric Vehicles In India 2022". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 3937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43280.

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Abstract: This study about how people thinking general facts about electric vehicles in 2022.This study explore how the people still thinking about electric vehicles in India. Is there any changes need to promoting electric vehicles brand name than promoting electric vehicle as a brand? This study helps to find that electric vehicle is safe or not & currently still what they are need to develop in electric vehicle, based on study what are all the possibilities are there to improve manufacturing safest electric vehicles to get better outcome. One of the major considerations is electric vehicle mileage range to increase the performance of the vehicle to make worth of buying electric vehicles. Descriptive analysis used to clearly state that what are all the things still need to be developed in electric vehicle how can be making the product more useful with environment friendly.

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Hu, Chunxuan, Tianran Li i Chao Yuan. "Research on ordered charge and discharge of cluster electric vehicle based on index selection". MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201023.

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The basic characteristics of electric vehicles are important basis for studying the behavior of electric vehicles. According to the basic characteristics of electric vehicles, this paper establishes an electric vehicle convergence model and its control strategy with demand-side response. Taking into account the demand for electric vehicles, electric vehicle aggregators and power companies, reducing the cost of control, while reducing the impact on electric vehicles. Based on the real-time state of charge, the conditions of electric vehicle in the network and other factors to build the assessment model of the scheduling potential, and then put forward the demand response indicators of electric vehicles, and give the corresponding aggregation strategy. considering the multiple constraints , such as the cost constraints of electric vehicles participating in grid regulation, the charging requirements of electric vehicle owners, and the battery consumption of electric vehicles, a control strategy model is proposed for electric vehicles participating in demand response of power systems. The simulation test shows that the aggregation strategy can not only meet the travel needs of electric vehicle owners, but also reduce the impact on the electric vehicle caused by frequent switching of charge and discharge status. In addition, it can also reduce the cost of grid regulation.

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Ghaedi, Amir, Mehrdad Mahmoudian i Reza Sedaghati. "The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (25.07.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4876218.

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The transportation system contains many fossil fuel-based automobiles equipped with the internal combustion engine that results in the pollution of the environment and greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, to replace these automobiles with clean choices, electric vehicles are developed. So far, three kinds of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in, and full-electric vehicles are introduced. In the hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles, both the internal combustion engine and electric motor are used to move the vehicle. However, in the full-electric vehicle, the movement of the vehicle is done only by the electric motor. Due to the development of the electric vehicles in the transportation system, different aspects of these vehicles such as reliability must be studied. The reliability indices of the electric vehicles are affected by the failure rate of the composed components. Thus, to exactly determine the reliability performance of the electric vehicles, the failure rate of the main composed components affected by different parameters such as speed of the vehicle and temperature is taken into account. In the present paper, to accurately study the reliability of all-electric vehicles, the impact of variation in the temperature and vehicle speed on the failure rate of the composed components including battery, inverter, electric motor, and other static and rotation parts of the full-electric vehicle and consequently the failure rate of the vehicle is investigated. To determine the impact of operating temperature on the failure rate of composed components, the Arrhenius law is proposed. Based on the variation in the vehicle failure rate in terms of the vehicle speed and temperature, the reliability of the electric vehicle at different conditions is determined. It is concluded from numerical results performed in the paper that the failure rate of the understudied full-electric vehicle varies between 3.5 and 6 failures per year when the temperature varies between 0 and 50°C and the vehicle speed varies between 0 and 200 km/h.

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Tripathi, P. M. "Electric Vehicle and its Types". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VII (31.07.2021): 3553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37133.

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Electric vehicles are an important option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles not only reduce dependence on fossil fuels, but also reduce the impact of ozone-depleting substances and promote widespread adoption of renewable energies. Despite extensive research into the properties and characteristics of electric vehicles as well as the nature of their charging infrastructure, electric vehicle construction and grid modeling continue to evolve and become limited. regime. This paper presents market penetration surveys for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and describes optimal engineering and modeling approaches. their differences. Research on critical barriers and inadequate charging equipment targets developing countries like India, which makes the study unique. The development of the new Vehicle to Grid concept has created additional energy sources when renewable energy sources are not available. We conclude that considering the specific characteristics of an electric vehicle is important in the mobility of the electric vehicle.

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Shroff, Surbhi R. "Review on Electric Vehicle". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40095.

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Abstract: Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned to the electrical powered vehicle. This report explains how an electric vehicle works and compares the electric vehicle to the internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicle. The report provides some of the advantages and disadvantages of the electric vehicle. At a time when the fuel prices are rocketing sky high , the daily running cost of a vehicle and its cost of ownership are hitting the roof and there is a dire need to protect our environment , alternative means of transport are few . Electric vehicle are slow expensive with limited range the solution comes in the form of electrical vehicle . Keywords: Plug in hybrid electric vehicles, Energy management System Electric Vehicles, Energy transmission, Battery technology.

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Korde, Bhavesh. "RETROFITTED HYBRID ELECTRIC BIKE". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 05 (9.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33136.

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At the mention of global warming, the first thing that comes to mind is an increasing number of vehicles in traffic, as well as exhaust gasses these vehicles emit. To control the emissions caused by gasoline vehicles, we aim to offer a cost-effective and more environmentally friendly way to travel. So, this project describes a modified procedure for a conversion of a specific IC engine vehicle into an electric-powered vehicle. In this project, instead of making a normal electric vehicle, we are converting the existing traditional petrol vehicle into an electric vehicle by using the concept of retrofitting. We are using the chassis of the traditional vehicle and with the help of the BLDC Hub motor, battery set, and controller we are using the set of batteries as an energy source. KEYWORDS: Electrical Vehicles, IC Engine, Retrofitting, Chassis, BLDC Hub Motor, Controller And Batteries.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Electric vehicle"

Denison, Camilla M. (Camilla Marie). "Electric shock risks in an electric vehicle". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12802.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-172) and index.
by Camilla M. Denison.
M.S.

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Sundström, Christofer. "Model Based Vehicle Level Diagnosis for Hybrid Electric Vehicles". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105487.

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When hybridizing a vehicle, new components are added that need to be monitored due to safety and legislative demands. Diagnostic aspects due to powertrain hybridization are investigated, such as that there are more mode switches in the hybrid powertrain compared to a conventional powertrain, and that there is a freedom in choosing operating points of the components in the powertrain via the overall energy management and still fulfill the driver torque request. A model of a long haulage truck is developed, and a contribution is a new electric machine model. The machine model is of low complexity, and treats the machine constants in a different way compared to a standard model. It is shown that this model describes the power losses significantly better when adopted to real data, and that this modeling improvement leads to better signal separation between the non-faulty and faulty cases compared to the standard model. To investigate the influence of the energy management design and sensor configuration on the diagnostic performance, two vehicle level diagnosis systems based on different sensor configurations are designed and implemented. It is found that there is a connection between the operating modes of the vehicle and the diagnostic performance, and that this interplay is of special relevance in the system based on few sensors. In consistency based diagnosis it is investigated if there exists a solution to a set of equations with analytical redundancy, i.e. there are more equations than unknown variables. The selection of sets of equations to be included in the diagnosis system and in what order to compute the unknown variables in the used equations affect the diagnostic performance. A systematic method that finds properties and constructs residual generator candidates based on a model has been developed. Methods are also devised for utilization of the residual generators, such as initialization of dynamic residual generators, and for consideration of the fault excitation in the residuals using the internal form of the residual generators. For demonstration, the model of the hybridized truck is used in a simulation study, and it is shown that the methods significantly increase the diagnostic performance. The models used in a diagnosis system need to be accurate for fault detection. Map based models describe the fault free behavior accurately, but fault isolability is often difficult to achieve using this kind of model. To achieve also good fault isolability performance without extensive modeling, a new diagnostic approach is presented. A map based model describes the nominal behavior, and another model, that is less accurate but in which the faults are explicitly included, is used to model how the faults affect the output signals. The approach is exemplified by designing a diagnosis system monitoring the power electronics and the electric machine in a hybrid vehicle, and simulations show that the approach works well.

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Forster, I. "The hybrid electric vehicle". Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9531/.

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Keshri, Ritesh Kumar. "Electric Vehicle Propulsion System". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423806.

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Electric vehicles are being considered as one of the pillar of eco-friendly solutions to overcome the problem of global pollution and radiations due to greenhouse gases. Present thesis work reports the improvement in overall performance of the propulsion system of an electric vehicle by improving autonomy and torque-speed characteristic. Electric vehicle propulsion system consists of supply and traction system, and are coordinated by the monitoring & control system. Case of light electric vehicle propulsion system with permanent-magnet (PM) brushless dc (BLDC) drive being used in electric scooters and electric-mini cars is considered for analytical study and the implementation of the proposed solutions. PM BLDC motor and voltage source inverter are considered as a part of traction system and electric energy source such as battery, fuel cell or photovoltaic panel are considered as a part of supply system. Available electric energy sources are capable of delivering higher current at lower terminal voltage, so are connected either in series or -more often- to the higher voltage dc-link through a circuital arrangement (boost topology) to achieve higher voltage. For the evaluation of boost topologies, traditional dc-to-dc boost converter with cascade VSI (DBI) and Z-source inverter (ZSI) are considered for fuel cell and battery as on-board energy sources. Evaluation of the convenience of the two supply topologies is carried out in terms of the factors defining transistor power utilization, and voltage and current transistor solicitation. In addition to mentioned defined factors, sizing of the passive components in terms of the power contribution factor of fuel cell is considered. In respect to the defined factors, DBI supply is found to be beneficial for PM BLDC drive whereas, with respect to the power contribution factor, ZSI supply is good to adopt for the cases were major contribution of power is from battery. For the improvement in torque-speed characteristics of the considered drive, issue of torque ripple due to non-ideal phase commutation in case of conventional square-wave phase current (SqPC) supply is studied analytically by establishing a correlation between the behavior of the commutating phase currents and motor torque. Behavior of the motor torque during commutation for low and high speed zone as a function motor speed and defined motor specific quantity are explained in detailed. The analytical results are used to explain the dropping torque-speed characteristic of the drive and are verified experimentally for a propulsion drive available in the laboratory. Dropping torque-speed characteristic limits the use of the drive up till the nominal speed. To overcome this issue sinusoidal phase current (SPC) supply is proposed. SPC offers constant motor torque. A detailed convenience analysis of SPC over SqPC is carried out. Strategy for the implementation of SPC supply is also discussed and the analytical results were verified by the experimentally. The study of the PM BLDC drive by means of the space phasor/vector approach has been executed. While such an approach is quite common for drives with motors with sinusoidal back-emf and phase currents, it is not explored in the literature for the present case, where back-emfs are trapezoidal and phase currents are square-wave in nature. Behavior of the PM BLDC drive has been revisited in stationary plane and the current commutation between the motor phases has been explained with the help of phase variable vectors. All the results obtained in a-b-c plane are cross verified in stationary plane showing the simplicity and potentialities of the vector approach for PM BLDC drive. To address the issue of the autonomy of electric vehicles, use of solar energy to assist the on-board batteries of an electric mini-car is considered. Photovoltaic Geographical Information Systems database provided by Joint Research Centre Europe, is used to estimate the solar irradiance available in Padova, Italy. Output of a 0.487 sq-meter, 20-cell multi-crystalline PV panel is estimated and accordingly a conventional dc-to-dc boost converter is designed to interface PV panel with dc-link of a mini-car available in the laboratory. Appropriate control is implemented through DSP to track maximum power point. Whole system was tested outside the laboratory and measurements were carried out. Analytical loss model of the dc-to-dc boost converter is developed to explain the variations in gain, efficiency and loss components of the converter under varying solar irradiance. The thesis work has been carried out at the Laboratory of “Electric systems for automation and automotive” headed by Prof. Giuseppe Buja. The laboratory belongs to the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Padova
I veicoli elettrici sono considerati uno dei pilastri tra le soluzioni ecosostenibili per superare il problema dell’inquinamento globale dovuto ai gas serra. Questo lavoro di tesi tratta del miglioramento delle prestazioni complessive di un sistema di propulsione di un veicolo elettrico mediante l’aumento dell’autonomia e della caratteristica coppia-velocità. Il sistema di propulsione di un veicolo elettrico consiste in un sistema di alimentazione e di un sistema di trazione, coordinati da un sistema di monitoraggio e controllo. Lo studio analitico e l’implementazione della soluzione proposta per il sistema di propulsione sono stati svolti con riferimento ad un motore brushless a magneti permanenti con fem trapezoidale (PM BLDC), utilizzato comunemente in veicoli elettrici leggeri come gli scooter e le mini-car. Il sistema di propulsione è costituito dal motore PM BLDC e dall’invertitore di tensione, mentre il sistema di alimentazione è formato da sorgenti energia elettrica come le batterie, le celle a combustibile o i pannelli fotovoltaici. Le sorgenti di energia elettrica disponibili sul mercato consentono di raggiungere elevati valori di corrente ma con bassi valori di tensione. Al fine di ottenere i valori di tensioni richiesti dal bus in continua, esse sono collegate in serie tra loro o sono connesse mediante convertitori innalzatori di tensione. Ciò può avvenire o attraverso un tradizionale convertitore dc/dc innalzatore con in cascata un invertitore di tensione (DBI) o attraverso un invertitore di tipo Z-source (ZSI). La valutazione di convenienza delle due modalità di alimentazione è basata sul fattore di utilizzazione e sulle sollecitazioni in termini di corrente e tensione dei transistor di potenza. Oltre ai fattori menzionati in precedenza, sono stati dimensionati gli elementi passivi in funzione della quota parte di potenza fornita dalla cella a combustibile. In relazione ai parametri definiti, la migliore soluzione risulta essere l’alimentazione con DBI, mentre quella con ZSI appare conveniente quando la maggior parte della potenza assorbita dal carico sia fornita dalle batterie. Al fine di migliorare le prestazioni di coppia, il ripple di coppia dovuto alla non ideale commutazione del convertitore ad onda quadra (SqPC) è stato studiato analiticamente, stabilendo la correlazione tra le correnti durante la fase di commutazione e la coppia del motore. Il comportamento di coppia a basse ed ad alte velocità è stato esaminato in dettaglio utilizzando specifiche grandezze del motore. I risultati analitici sono stati utilizzati per spiegare la caduta della coppia sviluppata dal motore ad alte velocità; essi sono stati verificati sperimentalmente su un azionamento di propulsione disponibile in laboratorio. La non costanza della caratteristica coppia-velocità limita l’uso del motore nei pressi della velocità nominale. Per superare questo limite è stata altresi utilizzata un’alimentazione con corrente sinusoidale (SPC). Essa permette di fornire al motore una coppia costante. E’ stata quindi eseguita un’analisi dettagliata al fine di vedere quale sia il metodo di alimentazione più conveniente tra SqPC e SPC. È stata altresì descritta la strategia d’implementazione dell’alimentazione SPC, e i risultati analitici sono stati verificati sperimentalmente. E’ stato eseguito lo studio degli azionamenti con motori PM BLDC con l’approccio dei fasori spaziali. Mentre questo approccio è abbastanza comune nel caso di azionamenti con motori con forza contro-elettromotrice e correnti di sinusoidali, esso non è trattato in letteratura per gli azionamenti con motori PM BLDC, in quanto la forza contro-elettromotrice è trapezoidale e il profilo delle correnti di fase è un onda quadra. Il comportamento del motore PM BLDC è stato rivisitato sul piano stazionario e la commutazione della corrente tra le fasi è stata descritta con l’ausilio dei vettori delle grandezze di fase. Tutti i risultati ottenuti nel piano a-b-c sono stati verificati nel piano stazionario, mostrando la semplicità e le potenzialità dell’approccio vettoriale. Al fine di estendere l’autonomia del veicolo sono stati utilizzati dei pannelli fotovoltaici. Il Sistema Geografico di Informazioni Fotovoltaico sviluppato dal Joint Research Center Europe è stato utilizzato per stimare il valore d’irraggiamento solare disponibile a Padova. È stata stimata la potenza generata da un pannello fotovoltaico di superficie 0.487 m2, formato da 20 celle multi-cristalline, e in relazione ad essa, è stato progettato il convertitore dc-dc elevatore per interfacciare il pannello fotovoltaico al bus in continua di una mini-car disponibile in laboratorio. Un appropriato controllo è stato implementato in un processore DSP al fine di inseguire il punto di massima potenza. L’intero sistema è stato provato all’esterno del laboratorio, facendo le misure necessarie per le verifiche. Un modello analitico delle perdite del convertitore dc-dc elevatore è stato sviluppato per descrivere la variazione di guadagno, rendimento e perdite del convertitore al variare dell’irraggiamento solare. Il lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato presso il Laboratorio di “Sistemi elettrici per l’automazione e la veicolistica” diretto dal Prof. Giuseppe Buja. Il laboratorio afferisce al Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale dell’Università di Padova

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Li, Mengyu. "GIS-BASED MODELING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND THE AUSTRALIAN ELECTRICTY GRID". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21880.

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The decarbonisation of transport and power supply sectors is key to achieving global and national emissions cut targets in line with Paris Agreement’s limiting global warming goals. Electric vehicles (EVs), coupled with large adoption of renewable energy (RE) resources in the power system, offer such carbon mitigation solutions. However, due to the unknown spatio-temporal variability of EV charging load, introducing large quantities of EVs and high shares of variable wind and solar energy poses challenges to the load balance management. Against this background, this thesis examines the potential role of flexible EV loads and diverse energy resources in decarbonisation of the transport and electricity supply sectors. The main content of this thesis includes: First, based on real-world vehicle driving survey data, I present a deterministic and a probabilistic model to quantitatively investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of EV charging load for Australia. Second, I present a cross-sectoral integrated EV-grid model for accessing various energy supply and demand scenarios with high spatio-temporal resolution. I quantify the impacts of EV charging demand on the current fossil-based power system in terms of its electricity generation, LOLP and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in Australia. Third, I further investigate spatio-temporal configurations of the least-cost 100% renewable power supply in Australia, at various levels of biomass resource use and concentrated solar power (CSP) penetration. Fourth, I utilize the EV-grid integrated model to examine the spatio-temporal interactions of widespread EV charging with a future, 100% renewable electricity system in Australia. I obtain least-cost grid configurations that include both RE generators and EVs, the latter under both uncontrolled and controlled charging, and under adoption rates between 0 and 100%.

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Deshpande, Anup S. "Computer Joystick Control and Vehicle Tracking System in Electric Vehicles". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282569869.

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Harvey, Daniel R. "Willans Line Modeling for Powertrain Analysis and Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104087.

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With electric vehicles becoming increasingly prevalent in the automotive market consumers are becoming more conscientious of total driving range. In light of this trend, reliable and accurate modeling methods are necessary to aid the development of more energy efficient vehicles with greater drivable range. Many methods exist for evaluating energy consumption of current and future vehicle designs over the US certification drive cycles. This work focuses on utilizing the well-established Willans line approximation and proposes a simplified modeling method to determine electric vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency. First, a backwards physics-based model is applied to determine tractive effort at the wheel to meet US certification drive cycle demand. Second, the Willans line approximation then augments the tractive effort model and parameterizes the vehicle powertrain to establish a bi-directional power flow method. This bi-directional approach separates propel and brake phases of the vehicle over the certification City and Highway drive cycles to successfully isolate the vehicle powertrain from non-intrinsic losses, such as parasitic accessory loads. The proposed method of bi-directional modeling and parameter tuning provides significant insight to the efficiency, losses, and energy consumption of a modeled electric vehicle strictly using publicly available test data. Results are presented for eight electric vehicles with production years varying from 2016 to 2021. These electric vehicles are chosen to encapsulate the electric vehicle market as performance electric vehicles to smaller commuter electric vehicles are selected. All vehicles are modeled with an accessory load constrained between 300 and 850 W and a regenerative braking ("regen") low-speed cutoff of 5 mph with six of the eight vehicles modeled with a regenerative braking fraction of 94%. The bi-directional Willans line is then tuned to reach agreement with the net EPA energy consumption test data for each vehicle with the results presented as representative of the chosen vehicle. Lastly, a transfer function relating major model inputs to the output is derived and lends considerable insight for the sensitivity of the modeling method. Sensitivity of the proposed modeling method is conducted for a 2017 BMW i3 with the model deemed reasonably resilient to changes in input parameters. The model is most sensitive to changes in powertrain marginal efficiency with a 6% decrease of marginal efficiency leading to a 0.404 kW and 0.793 kW cycle average net battery power increase for the City and Highway drive cycles respectively. Additionally, the model is also sensitive to changes in vehicle accessory load with a direct relationship between increases of vehicle accessory load to increases of cycle average net battery power for the City and Highway cycles. The sensitivity results justify the use of the proposed model as a method for evaluating vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency solely using publicly available test data.
Master of Science
Developing robust and accurate methods for analyzing electric vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency is of great interest. For the purposes of this paper, powertrain refers to a motor / inverter pair which is coupled to a simple gear reduction for torque multiplication. Many vehicles are designed with motors of varying power and torque capabilities which can present challenges when attempting to effectively compare electric vehicles from different manufacturers. The proposed modeling method presented in this work utilizes public test data to derive detailed vehicle and powertrain information. Vehicle energy consumption is also modeled and compared to net EPA test data. Eight electric vehicles are modeled with each vehicle representing a specific segment of the current electric vehicle market. A bi-directional Willans line is applied to model the propel and brake phases of each electric vehicle over the US certification drive cycles. The bi-directional approach effectively isolates the vehicle powertrain from non-intrinsic losses. From the derived powertrain parameters and modeled energy consumption, the proposed method is deemed accurate and highly useful for translating public test data to detailed vehicle information. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis is presented with the proposed method deemed reasonably resilient to changes in input parameters. The modeling method is most sensitive to changes of powertrain marginal efficiency and vehicle accessory load but constraining these inputs to reasonable ranges for electric vehicles proves sufficient.

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Larsson, Martin. "Electric Motors for Vehicle Propulsion". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103907.

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This work is intended to contribute with knowledge to the area of electic motorsfor propulsion in the vehicle industry. This is done by first studying the differentelectric motors available, the motors suitable for vehicle propulsion are then dividedinto four different types to be studied separately. These four types are thedirect current, induction, permanent magnet and switched reluctance motors. Thedesign and construction are then studied to understand how the different typesdiffer from each other and which differences that are of importance when it comesto vehicle propulsion. Since the amount of available data about different electricmotors turned out to be small a tool was developed to use for collecting data fromthe sources available which can be for instance product sheets or articles with informationabout electric motors. This tool was then used to collect data that wasused to create models for the different motor types. The created motor models foreach motor type could then be used for simulating vehicles to investigate how thespecific motor is suited for different vehicles and applications. The work also containsa summary of different electric motor comparison studies which makes it agood source of information during motor type selection in the process of designingan electric vehicle.

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Cohn, Russell S. (Russell Sanford). "Electric vehicle life cycle analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36472.

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Kuppusamy, Saravanan. "Essays on Electric Vehicle Adoption". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1413820129.

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Książki na temat "Electric vehicle"

Engineers, Society of Automotive, i SAE International Congress & Exposition (1990 : Detroit, Mich.), red. Electric vehicle technology. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1990.

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F, Buydos John, i Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division. Reference Section, red. Electric vehicles. Washington, D.C. (10 First St., S.E., Washington 20540): Science Reference Section, Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Larminie, James, i John Lowry. Electric Vehicle Technology Explained. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118361146.

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Beeton, David, i Gereon Meyer, red. Electric Vehicle Business Models. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12244-1.

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Birmingham), Autotech 1991 (1991. Vehicle electric power supply. London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, i SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition (2004 : Tampa, Fla.), red. Hybrid electric vehicle technology. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2004.

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Lowry, John. Electric vehicle technology explained. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.

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Terpstra, Philip. Electric vehicle structures & components. Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A: Spirit Publications, 1992.

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Yang, Jan Y., Yunyi Gu i Zi Ling Tan. Chinese Electric Vehicle Trailblazers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25145-0.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, i Passenger Car Meeting and Exposition (1991 : Nashville, Tenn.), red. Electric vehicle R & D. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Electric vehicle"

Yang, Shichun, Xinhua Liu, Shen Li i Cheng Zhang. "Electric Vehicle". W Advanced Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles, 3–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3490-2_1.

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Ng, Tian Seng. "Electric Vehicle". W Robotic Vehicles: Systems and Technology, 95–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6687-9_13.

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Mishra, Sahil, Sanjaya Kumar Panda i Bhabani Kumari Choudhury. "Electric Vehicle". W Cognitive Computing Using Green Technologies, 253–58. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2021. | Series: Green energy and technology : Concepts and applications: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003121619-15-18.

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Khokhar, Bhuvnesh, K. P. Singh Parmar, Tripta Thakur i D. P. Kothari. "Electric Vehicle". W Load Frequency Control of Microgrids, 50–69. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003477136-4.

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Guzzella, Lino, i Antonio Sciarretta. "Electric and Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems". W Vehicle Propulsion Systems, 67–162. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35913-2_4.

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Kriescher, Michael, Sebastian Scheibe i Tilo Maag. "Development of the Safe Light Regional Vehicle (SLRV): A Lightweight Vehicle Concept with a Fuel Cell Drivetrain". W Small Electric Vehicles, 179–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_14.

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AbstractThe safe light regional vehicle (SLRV) concept was developed within the DLR project next-generation car (NGC). NGC SLRV addresses the safety concern of typical L7e vehicles. The SLRV is therefore specifically designed to demonstrate significant improvements to the passive safety of small vehicles. Another important goal of the NGC SLRV concept is to offer solutions to some of the main challenges of electric vehicles: to provide an adequate range and at the same time a reasonable price of the vehicle. In order to address these challenges a major goal of the concept is to minimize the driving resistance of the vehicle, by use of lightweight sandwich structures. A fuel cell drivetrain also helps to keep the overall size and weight of the vehicle low, while still providing sufficient range.

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Denton, Tom. "Electric vehicle technology". W Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 63–98. 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296109-4.

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Harvey, Hal, Robbie Orvis i Jeffrey Rissman. "Electric Vehicle Policies". W Designing Climate Solutions, 154–72. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-957-9_9.

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Sanguinetti, Angela, Kiernan Salmon, Mike Nicholas, Gil Tal i Matt Favetti. "Electric Vehicle Explorer". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 104–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58637-3_8.

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Denton, Tom, i Hayley Pells. "Electric vehicle technology". W Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 61–103. Wyd. 3. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003431732-4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Electric vehicle"

Ulagammai, M. "Supercapacitor Based Electric Vehicle". W 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sefet61574.2024.10717911.

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Mata Hernández, Gloria, i Abrahan Cruz Hernández. "ELECTRIC VEHICLE EDUCATIONAL PROTOTYPE". W 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 10182–86. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.2572.

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Vigil, Cole Mackenzie, Omar Kaayal i Alexander Szepelak. "Quantifying the Deceleration of Various Electric Vehicles Utilizing Regenerative Braking". W WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0623.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Regenerative braking is present in almost all electric vehicle models and as the demand for electric vehicles grows, the types of electric vehicles grow as well. Regenerative braking allows for an electric vehicle to convert a vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical potential energy by utilizing the electric motors to slow the vehicle. This potential energy is then returned to the vehicle’s battery allowing for the vehicle’s range to be extended. The vehicles tested during the study were as follows: 2022 Rivian R1T, 2022 Tesla Model Y, 2022 Hyundai Ioniq 5, 2020 Tesla Model 3, 2021 Volkswagen ID.4, and 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E. Although regenerative braking slows the vehicle, not all levels of regenerative braking bring the vehicle to a complete stop. The study showed that there are typically two types of regenerative braking. The first, commonly referred to as one-pedal driving, will bring a vehicle to a complete stop without the application of the brake pedal. The other slows the vehicle to a pre-determined speed before the regenerative braking is no longer applied. This type of regenerative braking allowed the vehicle to move forward, or coast, after regenerative braking was no longer applied. This study sought to determine and compare the average deceleration from regenerative braking, without applying the brake pedal, of each vehicle at all levels of regeneration. Tests were conducted at speeds of approximately 15 mph, 30 mph, 45 mph, and 60 mph. As electric vehicles introduced the ability to change the vehicles performance and driving characteristics through software updates, it may be necessary to complete testing periodically.</div></div>

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Kim, Shinhoon, Nasser L. Azad i John McPhee. "High-Fidelity Modelling of an Electric Vehicle". W ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9743.

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The development and validation of a high-fidelity dynamics model of an electric vehicle is presented. The developed model is comprised of two subsystems: i) the vehicle dynamics model, and ii) the electrical powertrain subsystem consists of the alternating-current (AC) induction motor, the 3-phase pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter, and the motor controllers. At each stage of the development, the developed models are verified by studying their simulation results. Also, vehicle testing is performed using a reference electric vehicle and experimental powertrain data is measured from the vehicle’s electrical powertrain controller area network (CAN) bus. The experimental motor torque-speed curves are used to tune the AC electric motor model parameters. Once the individual components are developed and validated, the high-fidelity electric vehicle system model is created by assembling the MapleSim vehicle dynamics model and the electrical powertrain subsystem. The simulation results, such as the vehicle’s longitudinal speed and developed motor torque and currents, are presented and studied to verify that the electric vehicle system can operate under different driving scenarios. The high-fidelity electric vehicle model will be used in future work to test and validate new power management controllers.

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Ambuskar, Mandar Maruti. "Electric Vehicle Charging Interruptions". W Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0137.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper analyses technical issues encountered while charging electric vehicles using plug-in chargers. The electric vehicles are charged periodically based on charging system configuration and requirements set by the vehicle. In certain instances, the vehicle charging is interrupted, and the battery does not attain the expected state of charge. If such interruptions occur in commercial vehicles, they can delay the product or service delivery, leading to losses to the fleet owner. The charging process needs to be upgraded to deal with such situations. The charging interruptions are analyzed using logged vehicle measurement data, based on which the software and hardware in the vehicle are updated. The analysis showed that though the coupler was connected to the vehicle, the vehicle could not be charged due to an interruption. Communication error, power supply failure, component protection, component leakage, and charging facilities were identified as the causes of interruptions. This analysis was instrumental in the decision to upgrade the charging system in electric vehicles.</div></div>

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Yoshizawa, Shoichi, Yoichiro Tanaka, Masahiro Ohyamaguchi, Kenji Maruyama, Satoshi Kitazaki, Kouichi Kurodo, Shinpei Sato, Tetsu Obata, Yuumi Hirokawa i Masayasu Iwasaki. "Development of Display Information and Telematics Systems for a Reliable and Attractive Electric Vehicle". W 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7215.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the display information, navigation and telematics systems developed specifically for The newly developed Electric Vehicle to dispel drivers' anxieties about operating an Electric Vehicle. Drivers of Electric Vehicles will need to understand various new kinds of information about the vehicle's operational status that differ from conventional gasoline-engine vehicles. Additionally, owing to the current driving range of Electric Vehicles and limited availability of charging stations, drivers will want to know acccurate the remaining driving range, amount of power and the latest information about charging station locations. It will also be important to ensure that people unfamiliar with Electric Vehicles will be able to operate them easily as rental cars or in car-sharing systems without experiencing any inconvenience. These needs have been met in the newly developed Electric Vehicle mainly by prioritizing displayed information, adopting a combination main meter-navigation system display and providing a two-way communication capability along with real-time information.</div></div>

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Brandl, Stephan, i Bernhard Graf. "SOUND ENGINEERING FOR ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES: Procedures to create appropriate sound for electric and hybrid vehicles". W 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7228.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Importance of electric and hybrid vehicles steeply increased in the last few years. Especially topics like CO2 reduction and local zero emissions are forcing companies to focus on electrification. While main technical problems seem to be solvable from a technical point of view, commercial and security topics are gaining more importance.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For full electric vehicles the driving range is limited by the capacity of available batteries. As those batteries are one of the most heavy and expensive parts of these vehicles, reduction of battery size is a big topic in vehicle development. To increase a vehicle's driving range without increasing battery size some range extending backup system has to be available. Such a Range Extender should be a small system combining combustion engine and electric generator to produce the required electricity for charging the batteries whenever required.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the acoustic excitation of an electric engine driving the vehicle is very low compared to an internal combustion (IC) engine, sound characteristics of electric and hybrid cars differ considerably from conventional passenger cars. Requirements, especially for a combustion engine as part of a Range Extender are therefore very demanding as overall sound pressure level for electrical vehicles is much lower in many driving conditions compared to conventional cars. Therefore exterior vehicle noise and passenger comfort require an extensive acoustic tuning of the Range Extender unit.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">As electric vehicles are mainly targeted to serve inner city traffic they are mainly operated at slow driving speeds. Due to the low overall exterior sound pressure level other traffic participants (e.g. pedestrians and cyclists) tend towards overseeing electrically driven vehicles. Therefore strategies for the completely new field of exterior sound engineering have to be developed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the NVH (noise, vibration & harshness) development work of a range extender within the AVL approach of an electrically driven passenger car. The work starts with acoustic front loading in the concept phase and with NVH simulation in the design stage and is continued with intensive NVH development during integration into the electric vehicle. Additionally new strategies and ideas for interior and exterior sound design are discussed in this document.</div></div>

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Venkat, Vijaya Simhan, K. Nageswara Rao i A. K. Parvathy. "Smart vehicle controller design for electric vehicles". W SMART GRID & ELECTRIC VEHICLE, 060001. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0208765.

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Yuan, Yiqing, Guoqiang Wu, Xiangyan He, Yanda Song i Xuewen Zhang. "Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Development in China". W ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7212.

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Despite great progress recently made on applications of in-wheel motors in electric vehicles, almost all production or near-production electric vehicles still utilize mechanical speed reduction systems for transferring torque from the traction motor to wheels for the purposes of torque augmentation and speed reduction. These systems in general fall into three categories, i.e. fixed ratio, stepped variable ratio, or continuously variable ratio. In China, most electric cars retrofitted from internal combustion engine propelled vehicle models use gear reduction systems of a fixed speed ratio, in order to minimize the time to market. Typically a conversion is made to the original 5-speed manual transmission by taking out a few unused gear sets. With the rapid growth in electric vehicle industry, some gearboxes of fixed speed have been engineered and they typically have a layshaft configuration. Most of them still do not come with a “park” gear due to a lack of understanding on customer’s needs. As an exception, a transmission of fixed speed ratio dedicated for electric vehicle applications has been developed at the Electric Vehicle R&D Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS). Among electric vehicles announced by domestic vehicle manufacturers in China, some employ 5-speed manual transmissions (MTs) or automatic transmission (ATs) that typically found in traditional vehicles. From the driving convenience, transmission efficiency, or cost standpoints, these transmissions are, in general, not appropriate for applications in electric vehicles. The “misusage” of these transmissions has often something to do with their availability rather than suitability. A great deal of effort has been put into the research and development of automated mechanical transmissions (AMTs) in China to date. Significant progress has been made to the reduction of shift time, improvement of shift quality, and optimization of the mechanical components. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is considered to be an important trend in drivetrain technology. However, the pulley-belt types of CVT commonly seen in traditional vehicles are not proper for electric vehicle applications. An EVT dedicated for electric vehicles is under development at UCAS, in which the power from an electric motor of dual-rotors is coupled by means of a planetary gear set, allowing continuous variable of the output speed. In summary, the electric vehicle drivetrain technology in China is undergoing rapid advances, which will impact the development of electric vehicle industry at home and abroad.

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Ishida, Takaharu. "Feasible Study for the Availability of Electric Vehicles for the Stable Operation in Power System Network". W 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7248.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicle will come into wide use in worldwide with the arrival of the Low-carbon society in the next twenty years. And total capacity of the battery on the electric vehicle in the power system network amounts for several Giga Watts, which corresponds to the capacity of several nuclear power plants. It is difficult for power system operator to forecast of the amount of the charging power because there is much uncertainty of using power on electric vehicles compared to the electric facility like air conditioner and so on. In order to operate the power system network stable, it is necessary for power system operator to control charging power of electric vehicle independently as controllable facilities.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">We propose a “Smart Charging” concept based on the index for the security monitoring of power system network which makes power system operation more efficiently and makes electric vehicle owners more conveniently. A load dispatch system, like distribution energy management systems or community energy management systems can take care of the voltage control considering the charging schedule of the electric vehicle's owner in advance and the result of power system state estimation or load flow calculation.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, based on the hypothesis of spreading electric vehicle in a power system, a evaluation of charging that the electric vehicles starts simultaneously in the evening, a system structure of smart charging on electric vehicle based on voltage stability evaluation of power system, which distributes the charging power with more stable, and the test results of the smart power with the IEEJ standard data are explained.</div></div>

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Electric vehicle"

Kontou, Eleftheria, Yen-Chu Wu i Jiewen Luo. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-023.

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We study the allocation of dynamic electric vehicle charging investments from the policymaker’s perspective, which aims to meet statewide emission-reduction targets for the Illinois passenger vehicle sector. We determine statewide charging deployment trajectories over a 30-year planning horizon and estimate their emission reduction. Electric vehicle demand functions model the electrified vehicle market growth and capture network externalities and spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis indicates that most chargers need to be deployed in the first 10 to 15 years of the transition to allow benefits to accrue for electric vehicle drivers, availability of home charging influences consumers’ choice and drivers’ electrified travel distance, charging stations should be prioritized for frequent long-distance drivers, and spatial effects are crucial in accurately capturing the demand for electric vehicles in Illinois. We also develop a multi-criteria suitability map to site charging stations for electric vehicles based on economic, societal, and environmental justice indicators. We identify census tracts that should be prioritized during Illinois’ statewide deployment of charging infrastructure along with interstates and major highways that traverse them. Major interstates and highways I-90, I-80, I-55, and I-57 are identified as having high siting suitability scores for charging stations. Last, a novel location model was developed for equitable electric vehicle charging infrastructure placement in the Illinois interstate and major highway network. Two objectives were set to reduce detours and improve the ability to complete long-distance trips for low-income electric vehicle travelers and multi-unit dwelling residents. Our analysis indicates that if the system’s efficiency is the only consideration, low-income/multi-unit housing resident travelers are most likely to fail to complete their trips, while an equitable charging siting could mitigate this issue.

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CALSTART BURBANK CA. Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada350561.

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Sheldon, Tamara, i Rubal Dua. Are Automakers Overcharging Consumers for Electric Vehicle Batteries? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, październik 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2024-dp45.

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Vehicle electrification is a major component of many sustainability goals and frameworks. Research suggests that battery costs account for a large portion of the price premium for electric vehicles (EVs) relative to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and that price parity, which will likely not occur until after 2030, will rely on decreasing battery costs.

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Mathew, Jijo K., Deborah Horton i Darcy M. Bullock. Utilization of Dedicated Electric Vehicle Plug-In Charging Stations in a College Campus Environment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317436.

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As electric mobility is expanding at a rapid pace, the standardized availability of gas stations compared to a scarcity of charging stations continues to be the greatest challenge for electric vehicles. With cities, university campuses and businesses promoting electric vehicle infrastructure and incentives, it is necessary to develop key performance metrics and visualizations that can track the utilization of the charging infrastructure. This study performs a manual data collection at dedicated plug-in charging stations across Purdue University to assess their utilization. Approximately 2,800 observations were conducted over 50 days across seven level 2 plug-in charging stations. Results showed that for large portion of the observations, vehicles were parked at the spots (40%) but not plugged in. Vehicles plugged in to charging stations accounted for 34% of observations. Charging station spots were vacant for 25% of observations indicating that current infrastructure meets the demand. There were 74 unique vehicles that used the spots, of which 27% were plugged in more than 10 times. Illegally parked vehicles accounted for less than 1% with only 4 repeat offenders who used these spots more than once. As electric deployment continues to increase, performance metrics will be an integral tool for agencies and decision makers to help with the maintenance and expansion of electric vehicle infrastructure.

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CALSTART BURBANK CA. Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342766.

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Sluder, S., R. Larsen i M. Duoba. 1997 hybrid electric vehicle specifications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/409875.

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Zhou, Yan, Marianne Mintz, Thomas Stephens, Spencer Aeschliman i Charles Macal. Electric Vehicle Adoption in Illinois. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1658594.

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Avis, William. Electric Vehicle Uptake and Health. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.032.

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This rapid literature review summarises evidence on the relationship between electric car uptake and health. The review found a limited but emerging evidence base derived predominantly from studies exploring the issue in the United States (US), China and Europe. The evidence base provides a mixed and complex picture given the heterogeneity of methodological approaches and contextual analyses to assessing impact.

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Maloney, Patrick, James O'Brien, Thomas Carroll, Richard Pratt, Lori Ross O'Neil i Gregory Dindlebeck. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Consequence Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1989051.

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Powell, Bonnie, i Caley Johnson. Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Reliability, Resilience, and Location on Electric Vehicle Adoption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2432350.

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