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Ahirrao, Abhishek, Shantanu Metkar, Abhishek Avhad, Dr Swapnil Awate i Prof Vishal Shinde. "Hybrid Electric AWD Vehicle Kit". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 11 (30.11.2022): 1566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47667.
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Abstract: The environmental impact of ICE automobiles in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries prompted the development of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have numerous advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles, including the fact that they emit no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. With many advantages of electric vehicles over traditional ICE vehicles, the world is moving toward EVs as a new improved means of transportation. Electric vehicles' tank to wheel efficiency is three times larger than ICE vehicles', and electric vehicles have very low running and maintenance costs. Even though electric vehicles are the best alternative, they do have significant disadvantages that are listed in the problem statement. Our proposal aims to bridge the gap between pure electric and traditional ICE automobiles by combining the primary benefits and advantages of both technologies. The project's main goal is to convert any existing ICE car into the most efficient vehicle possible. Our car can basically run on two distinct independent sources of energy, or even a combination of both. It can function as a pure electric vehicle, a pure ICE vehicle, or a hybrid AWD vehicle (where high amount of power is required). It has been shown that the average city dweller does not drive his or her car for more than 25 kilometers per day, and that the vehicle is parked the majority of the time. As a result, that individual can traverse that distance in pure electric mode, and our vehicle's solar charging mechanism will recover/recharge the energy expended while on the road. As a result, the person will be able to use our vehicle for free to generate sustainable energy. The use of ICE vehicles is rapidly increasing pollution in the environment; even pure EVs are an indirect source of pollution because the bulk of power is still generated by burning coal, thus our vehicle's use will undoubtedly make a significant difference.
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Vasiljević, S., B. Aleksandrović, J. Glišović i M. Maslać. "Regenerative braking on electric vehicles: working principles and benefits of application". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1271, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1271/1/012025.
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Abstract The application of electric vehicles leads to a change in the principle of operation and functioning of some systems in the vehicle, which also lead to a change in the concept of the vehicle itself. One of those systems that has a new concept, which differs from vehicles powered by IC engines, is the braking system. The previous function of the braking system was to stop the vehicle, i.e. to reduce the speed of the vehicle in a safe way. In the case of electric vehicles, the friction brakes were retained, with the addition of a regenerative braking system that has the role of replenishing the vehicle's batteries. The regenerative braking system has the role of converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy that recharges the batteries. This system is already used today on full electric and hybrid vehicles, i.e. on vehicles powered by an electric motor. The benefits of regenerative braking are reflected on the fact that the vehicle batteries are recharged during braking, vehicle maintenance costs are reduced, the service life of discs and drum brakes on the vehicle is extended, brake non-exhaust emission is reduced, and heat energy emission is reduced, too.
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An, Youngkuk, Byeonggyu Yang, Jinil Park, Jonghwa Lee i Kyoungseok Park. "Analysis of Energy Flow in a Mid-Sized Electric Passenger Vehicle in Urban Driving Conditions". World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, nr 8 (14.08.2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080218.
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Because of emissions of exhaust gases, global warming is proceeding, and air pollution has increased. Thus, many countries are manufacturing eco-friendly vehicles, including electric vehicles. However, the range of electric vehicles is less than the range of internal combustion engine vehicles, so electric vehicle production is being disrupted. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the energy flow of electric vehicles. Therefore, to analyze energy flow of electric vehicles, this study suggested an energy flow structure first, then modeled the energy flow of the vehicle, dividing it into battery, inverter and motor, reduction gear and differential, and wheel parts. This study selected a test vehicle, drove in urban driving conditions and measured data. Then, this study calculated energy flow using MATLAB/SIMULINK in real time, and calculated and analyzed energy loss of each of the vehicle’s parts using the calculated data.
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Wang, Cheng, Tongtong Ji, Feng Mao, Zhenpo Wang i Zhiheng Li. "Prognostics and Health Management System for Electric Vehicles with a Hierarchy Fusion Framework: Concepts, Architectures, and Methods". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (15.01.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685900.
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The prognostics and health management (PHM) of electric vehicles is an important guarantee for their safety and long-term development. At present, there are few studies researching about life cycle PHM system of electric vehicles. In this paper, we first summarize the research progress and key methods of PHM. Then, we propose a three-level PHM system with a hierarchy fusion architecture for electric vehicles based on the structure, data source of them. In the PHM system, we introduce a database consisting of the factory data, real-time data, and detection data. The electric vehicle's factory parameters are used for determining the life curve of the electric vehicle and its components, the real-time data are used for predicting the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of the electric vehicle and its components, and the detection data are used for fault diagnosis. This health management database is established to help make condition-based maintenance decisions for electric vehicles. In this way, a complete electric vehicle PHM system is formed, which can realize the whole-life-cycle life prediction and fault diagnosis of electric vehicles.
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V, James Prasadh. "People Thinking General Facts About Electric Vehicles In India 2022". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 3937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43280.
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Abstract: This study about how people thinking general facts about electric vehicles in 2022.This study explore how the people still thinking about electric vehicles in India. Is there any changes need to promoting electric vehicles brand name than promoting electric vehicle as a brand? This study helps to find that electric vehicle is safe or not & currently still what they are need to develop in electric vehicle, based on study what are all the possibilities are there to improve manufacturing safest electric vehicles to get better outcome. One of the major considerations is electric vehicle mileage range to increase the performance of the vehicle to make worth of buying electric vehicles. Descriptive analysis used to clearly state that what are all the things still need to be developed in electric vehicle how can be making the product more useful with environment friendly.
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Hu, Chunxuan, Tianran Li i Chao Yuan. "Research on ordered charge and discharge of cluster electric vehicle based on index selection". MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201023.
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The basic characteristics of electric vehicles are important basis for studying the behavior of electric vehicles. According to the basic characteristics of electric vehicles, this paper establishes an electric vehicle convergence model and its control strategy with demand-side response. Taking into account the demand for electric vehicles, electric vehicle aggregators and power companies, reducing the cost of control, while reducing the impact on electric vehicles. Based on the real-time state of charge, the conditions of electric vehicle in the network and other factors to build the assessment model of the scheduling potential, and then put forward the demand response indicators of electric vehicles, and give the corresponding aggregation strategy. considering the multiple constraints , such as the cost constraints of electric vehicles participating in grid regulation, the charging requirements of electric vehicle owners, and the battery consumption of electric vehicles, a control strategy model is proposed for electric vehicles participating in demand response of power systems. The simulation test shows that the aggregation strategy can not only meet the travel needs of electric vehicle owners, but also reduce the impact on the electric vehicle caused by frequent switching of charge and discharge status. In addition, it can also reduce the cost of grid regulation.
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Ghaedi, Amir, Mehrdad Mahmoudian i Reza Sedaghati. "The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (25.07.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4876218.
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The transportation system contains many fossil fuel-based automobiles equipped with the internal combustion engine that results in the pollution of the environment and greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, to replace these automobiles with clean choices, electric vehicles are developed. So far, three kinds of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in, and full-electric vehicles are introduced. In the hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles, both the internal combustion engine and electric motor are used to move the vehicle. However, in the full-electric vehicle, the movement of the vehicle is done only by the electric motor. Due to the development of the electric vehicles in the transportation system, different aspects of these vehicles such as reliability must be studied. The reliability indices of the electric vehicles are affected by the failure rate of the composed components. Thus, to exactly determine the reliability performance of the electric vehicles, the failure rate of the main composed components affected by different parameters such as speed of the vehicle and temperature is taken into account. In the present paper, to accurately study the reliability of all-electric vehicles, the impact of variation in the temperature and vehicle speed on the failure rate of the composed components including battery, inverter, electric motor, and other static and rotation parts of the full-electric vehicle and consequently the failure rate of the vehicle is investigated. To determine the impact of operating temperature on the failure rate of composed components, the Arrhenius law is proposed. Based on the variation in the vehicle failure rate in terms of the vehicle speed and temperature, the reliability of the electric vehicle at different conditions is determined. It is concluded from numerical results performed in the paper that the failure rate of the understudied full-electric vehicle varies between 3.5 and 6 failures per year when the temperature varies between 0 and 50°C and the vehicle speed varies between 0 and 200 km/h.
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Tripathi, P. M. "Electric Vehicle and its Types". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VII (31.07.2021): 3553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37133.
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Electric vehicles are an important option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles not only reduce dependence on fossil fuels, but also reduce the impact of ozone-depleting substances and promote widespread adoption of renewable energies. Despite extensive research into the properties and characteristics of electric vehicles as well as the nature of their charging infrastructure, electric vehicle construction and grid modeling continue to evolve and become limited. regime. This paper presents market penetration surveys for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and describes optimal engineering and modeling approaches. their differences. Research on critical barriers and inadequate charging equipment targets developing countries like India, which makes the study unique. The development of the new Vehicle to Grid concept has created additional energy sources when renewable energy sources are not available. We conclude that considering the specific characteristics of an electric vehicle is important in the mobility of the electric vehicle.
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Shroff, Surbhi R. "Review on Electric Vehicle". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40095.
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Abstract: Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned to the electrical powered vehicle. This report explains how an electric vehicle works and compares the electric vehicle to the internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicle. The report provides some of the advantages and disadvantages of the electric vehicle. At a time when the fuel prices are rocketing sky high , the daily running cost of a vehicle and its cost of ownership are hitting the roof and there is a dire need to protect our environment , alternative means of transport are few . Electric vehicle are slow expensive with limited range the solution comes in the form of electrical vehicle . Keywords: Plug in hybrid electric vehicles, Energy management System Electric Vehicles, Energy transmission, Battery technology.
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Korde, Bhavesh. "RETROFITTED HYBRID ELECTRIC BIKE". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 05 (9.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33136.
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At the mention of global warming, the first thing that comes to mind is an increasing number of vehicles in traffic, as well as exhaust gasses these vehicles emit. To control the emissions caused by gasoline vehicles, we aim to offer a cost-effective and more environmentally friendly way to travel. So, this project describes a modified procedure for a conversion of a specific IC engine vehicle into an electric-powered vehicle. In this project, instead of making a normal electric vehicle, we are converting the existing traditional petrol vehicle into an electric vehicle by using the concept of retrofitting. We are using the chassis of the traditional vehicle and with the help of the BLDC Hub motor, battery set, and controller we are using the set of batteries as an energy source. KEYWORDS: Electrical Vehicles, IC Engine, Retrofitting, Chassis, BLDC Hub Motor, Controller And Batteries.
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Nithin, Karanam, Vasupalli Manoj i Budumuru Mohith. "FUEL CELL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE: A REVIEW ON CURRENT STATUS, KEY CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, nr 11 (1.11.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27308.
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A fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle is an advanced type of hybrid vehicle that utilizes a combination of fuel-cell technology and electric propulsion for improved efficiency. The fuel cell generates electricity through a chemical reaction using hydrogen as the fuel source. This electricity powers the vehicle’s electric motor, while a battery system stores excess energy, provides additional power during acceleration, and stores regenerative braking energy. To improve the performance of fuel cell hybrids, designing and developing efficient energy management strategies is an urgent need for current automotive manufacturers. From the perspective of energy consumption, the main work is to reduce hydrogen consumption. In recent years, energy management strategies based on intelligent connected vehicle technology have also received extensive attention. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero- emission vehicles that emit only water and heat. Compared with internal combustion vehicles, hydrogen vehicles centralize pollutants at the site of hydrogen production. In an electric drive vehicle, the low-voltage auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the engine before the traction battery is engaged, it also powers vehicle accessories. This high-voltage battery stores energy from regenerative braking and provides supplemental power to the electric motor. The DC converter converts higher voltage to lower voltage DC power which is needed to run the vehicle and recharge the auxiliary battery. Using power from the fuel cell and the traction battery pack, the motor drives the vehicle’s wheels. A fuel cell stack is an assembly of individual membrane electrodes that use hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. So the fuel cell electric vehicle is the best option to simultaneously reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the consumption of fossil fuels Key Words: Battery(auxiliary), Battery pack such as petroleum and natural gas., DC/DC Converter, Electric traction motor(FCEV), Fuel cell stack, Fuel filler, Fuel tank(hydrogen), Power electronics controller, Thermal system(cooling), Transmission(electric)
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Deng, Yueming. "Future Vehicle Trend: A Comparative Study of the Fuel Vehicle, Electrical Vehicle, and Hybrid Vehicles". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 29 (31.01.2023): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v29i.4531.
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As the second largest carbon emission industry in the world, the automobile industry faces serious energy consumption and environmental pollution problems. The development of a low-carbon economy requires cars to achieve low energy consumption, lower emissions require the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly technologies. Three dominant kinds of vehicles, fuel vehicles, electrical vehicles, and hybrid vehicles will be explored in this paper. Section one introduces the types of fuel vehicles, the factors that affect them, and their negative impact on the environment. Section two focuses on the advantages of hybrid vehicles over gasoline and pure electric vehicles in terms of their operation and driving costs. Section two discusses the advantages of hybrid vehicles compared to gasoline and electric vehicles in terms of their operation and driving costs. In section three, the characteristics of various types of electric vehicles are comprehensively evaluated, and the prospects of the exhibition of electric vehicles are discussed. Finally, the future development trend of electric vehicles is forecasted.
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Zainuri, Fuad, Muhammad Hidayat Tullah, Sonki Prasetya, Iwan Susanto, Dewin Purnama, Rahmat Subarkah, Tia Ramiati, Widiyatmoko i Rahmat Noval. "Electric Vehicle Conversion Study for Sustainable Transport". Recent in Engineering Science and Technology 1, nr 02 (1.04.2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59511/riestech.v1i02.15.
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The conversion of conventional motor vehicles to electric vehicles has become a popular choice in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from transportation. Electric vehicle conversion involves replacing a gasoline or diesel engine with an electric motor and a reinstalled battery. In this paper, we cover the basics of electric vehicle conversion, conversion methods, and trial results of converted electric vehicles. We also discuss the benefits and challenges of converting to electric vehicles. Some keywords related to this topic include: electric vehicles, vehicle conversion, electric motors, batteries, sustainable transportation.
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Lashin, Yehia A., Ahmed M. Ali, Ahmed F. Aiad i Mostafa Sh Asfoor. "A centralized fleet management system for electrified transportation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2811, nr 1 (1.07.2024): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2811/1/012025.
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Abstract Hybrid Electric Vehicles are a promising alternative to Conventional and Electric Vehicles, as they offer better fuel economy, lower emissions, and long drive range without requiring extensive charging infrastructure. Limited driving range and battery degradation in electric vehicles are the main challenges in electrified fleets working in large metropolitan. For these challenges, the hybrid electric vehicle fleet management system is an effective solution to optimize power consumption and mitigate electric vehicle and conventional vehicle challenges. This paper proposes a hybrid electric vehicle fleet management system for public transportation, to analyze and investigate the performance and energy consumption rate of conventional, electric, and hybrid electric vehicles on different routes using representative driving cycles. The hybrid electric vehicle fleet management system enhances operational efficiency for the fleet management system and reduces power consumption in transportation. The proposed work comprises a hybrid electric vehicle model that is based on object-oriented programming. The proposed work offers the ability to add the input of the initial state of charge, power split ratio, and route data for each bus, and the hybrid electric vehicle model computes the state of charge and fuel consumption rate along the road. Finally, The proposed work shows how a hybrid electric vehicle fleet management system has a significant potential to be a solution for public transportation in Egyptian urban areas at this time compared with conventional vehicle and electric vehicle fleet management systems.
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Zagarin, D. A., i A. V. Shabanov. "Solving environmental and energy issues in megalopolises through the use of electric vehicles". Trudy NAMI, nr 4 (30.12.2024): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2024-4-16-25.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The paper deals with the area of electric drive application in vehicles in the Russian Federation and analyzes their development trends in the advanced countries witnessing the greatest progress in this area. It provides energy efficiency characteristics of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, as well as their sales trends in the advanced European countries. The paper also considers environmental and energy issues of electric vehicle use in Moscow.The purpose of the study is to justify efficiency of use of electric vehicles in Moscow as well as to analyze the electric vehicle development in the advanced European countries.Methodology and research methods. Analysis of information about application of the electric drive in vehicles and comparative computational and experimental evaluation of efficiency of use of electric vehicles relative to traditional vehicles within the UN urban driving cycle.Results. Energy efficiency characteristics of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids as well as electric vehicle sales trends taking into account the cost of power in different countries were analyzed. The energy efficiency calculation for the use of electric vehicles in Russia showed that in summer the consumed power ratio between the traditional vehicle with a gasoline internal combustion engine and the electric vehicle amounts to 5.2. In winter, this ratio amounts to 2.5. Experimental evaluation of power consumption for operation of the electric vehicle HVAC system was performed. The analysis of electric vehicle development in the advanced European countries has shown that the electric vehicle sales depend on the power cost.Practical significance. The analysis and computational and experimental research performed by the authors have shown that the solution to the issue of strong atmospheric air pollution with hazardous emissions in Moscow will largely depend on the use of electric vehicles with environmentally friendly and energy-efficient powertrains.
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Kanonin, Yuriy, i Andrey Lyschik. "Fire Danger of Electric Vehicles". Bulletin of scientific research results 2023, nr 1 (27.03.2023): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2023-1-38-51.
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Purpose: To assess increase dynamics of the number of electric vehicles (electric buses) in the Russian Federation, to consider the factors leading to their ignition and to assess the risk of such an accident. To propose measures to reduce consequence severity of electric vehicle (electric bus) ignition. Methods: Information review on this issue from various sources was made. Results: Increase dynamics of electric vehicle number in Russia was assessed which shows at the moment almost annual doubling of electric vehicle number in the country. It is shown that electric vehicle ignition frequency is much lower than that of vehicles with gas-engine. However, the electric vehicle fire develops according to different scenario than of the vehicles with gas-engine and, as a rule, with more severe consequences. The factors leading to the ignition of electric vehicles (thermal runaway in battery due to thermal, mechanical and electrical impacts) and the main dangers arising from their combustion are determined. Modern methods to prevent electric vehicle fires as well as methods of their extinguishing are considered. Practical significance: Measures are proposed to reduce electric vehicle fire risk and measures to reduce such fire consequences.
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Sakno, Olha, Kostiantyn Bas i Ievgen Medvediev. "TRENDS IN VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 3, nr 280 (30.09.2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2024-3-280-50-56.
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The market of electric vehicles in Ukraine and the world has been studied. Global electric vehicle sales are found to reach a record 3 million in 2022 and continue to increase. The main sales leaders are automobile companies: Nissan, Tesla, Toyota, Volkswagen Group, BYD. It is a joint effort between several industries: automobiles, utilities, gov-ernment and private property owners such as shopping centers and apartment complexes. When these paths align, vehi-cle electrification trends will grow exponentially. About 40 thousand electric vehicles are registered in Ukraine. The mar-ket is growing every year, reflecting the changing infrastructure for electric vehicles. This indicates significant changes in green transport and is expected to have far-reaching implications for transport and environmental policy in Ukraine. The popularity of used electric vehicles also suggests that cost may be a significant factor in driver choice, which could influ-ence future market trends and government incentives for electric vehicle adoption. The main companies providing ser-vices in the charging network for electric vehicles are Auto Enterprise, Toka, DTEK. The main factors influencing the ef-fective operation of electric vehicles, namely the development of infrastructure, are analyzed: a) modern equipment for charging stations corresponding to the appropriate level; b) provision of additional charging station services for electric vehicles (for example, individual lanes for parking and refueling and c) software for drivers, cost discounts for the use of electricity in accordance with system load levels, etc. Leading car factories are expected to account for more than 70% of global electric vehicle production by 2030, meaning one in four new passenger cars sold will be an electric vehicle. This is the beginning of the era of zero-emission alternative fuel vehicles. Keywords: electric vehicle, infrastructure, charging network for electric vehicles, operation, factor.
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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli i Massimiliano Gobbi. "A simulation-based concept design approach for combustion engine and battery electric vehicles". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, nr 7 (7.06.2018): 1950–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777350.
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The early concept design of a vehicle is becoming increasingly crucial to determine the success of a car. Broadening market competition, more stringent regulations and fast technological changes require a prompt response from carmakers, and computer-aided engineering has emerged in recent years as the promising way to provide more efficient and cost-effective design and to cut development time and costs. The work presented in this paper shows an approach based on computer-aided engineering to determine vehicle’s energy consumption and performance. The different vehicle’s subsystem are first analyzed separately by using dedicated simulation tools and then integrated to obtain the entire vehicle. The work covers a wide range of vehicle layouts. Internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles are considered and various transmission configurations are contemplated with respect to some of the most adopted solutions for these vehicles. The simulation results allow to identify the most effective design variables regarding the combustion engine and the electric motor and to compare the different layouts over various car segments. The results clearly point out that for internal combustion engine vehicles, the combustion engine is the crucial component that defines the vehicle’s characteristics and particularly the energy consumption. Conversely, battery electric vehicles show a more balanced distribution of the losses, and therefore to improve the vehicle’s behavior, different components should be considered in detail. Nevertheless, the choice of the number of electric motors and the transmission choice play a significant role in defining the vehicle performances.
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Tan, Xian Qiu, Sheng Chun Yang, Yan Ping Fang i Dong Xue. "Discussion on Operation Modes to the Electric Vehicle Charging Station". Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (luty 2014): 1827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1827.
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Electric vehicle charging station provides power supply for electric vehicles running, and it is the most important supporting infrastructure of electric vehicles. The article analyses three modes of electric vehicle charging station charging methods, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, gives the developing trend of the pattern of the operation of electric vehicles, and provides some effective suggestions for electric vehicle charging station for the future.
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MORI, Takao, Minglei GU, Masayuki NAKAMURA, Shingo MAKISHIMA, Keiichi UEZONO i Hirohito FUNATO. "3E12 Series-Parallel Continuously Regulated Chopper for Auxiliary Power Supply of Electric Railway Vehicles(Electrical-Vehicle)". Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2015 (2015): _3E12–1_—_3E12–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2015._3e12-1_.
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Langbroek, Joram H. M., Matej Cebecauer, Jon Malmsten, Joel P. Franklin, Yusak O. Susilo i Peter Georén. "Electric vehicle rental and electric vehicle adoption". Research in Transportation Economics 73 (marzec 2019): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.02.002.
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Joseph, Binsy, i Deepak Vishnu Bhoir. "Design and Assessment of Electric Vehicle Performance Parameters based on Drive Cycle". ITM Web of Conferences 40 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20214001007.
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Electric vehicle plays a significant role, in the future transportation across the world. EV has the potential to reduce air pollution and emission of Greenhouse gasses significantly compared to the existing fossil-fuel-based vehicles. Even though substantial progress can be expected in the area of embarked energy storage technologies, charging infrastructure, customer acceptance of Electric Vehicles is still limited due to the problems of Driving range anxiety and long battery charging time. We can solve most of these problems with the infrastructure development ,optimum sizing and design of the vehicle components and extensive study on vehicle dynamics under various real-time driving conditions. This research focuses on the Matlab software based co-simulation of Electric Vehicle system, including the battery pack and motor, to predict the vehicle performance parameters like driving range, efficiency, power requirement, and energy characteristics under different driving scenarios. The vehicle’s acceleration performance, energy consumption, and efficiency are determined by simulation and verified analytically. Using ADVISOR software the fuel economies and tail pipe emission for various vehicle models are determined by simulation and results are compared with Hybrid Electric vehicle models.
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Al-Flehawee, Maher, i Auday Al-Mayyahi. "Building A Control Unit of A Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle by Using A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) Strategy". Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 18, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.18.1.11.
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Hybrid electric vehicles have received considerable attention because of their ability to improve fuel consumption compared to conventional vehicles. In this paper, a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is used because they combine the advantages of the other two configurations. In this paper, the control unit for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is implemented using a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) strategy. The NMPC strategy needs to create a vehicle energy management optimization problem, which consists of the cost function and its constraints. The cost function describes the required control objectives, which are to improve fuel consumption and obtain a good dynamic response to the required speed while maintaining a stable value of the state of charge (SOC) for batteries. While the cost function is subject to the physical constraints and the mathematical prediction model that evaluate the vehicle’s behavior based on the current vehicle measurements. The optimization problem is solved at each sampling step using the (SQP) algorithm to obtain the optimum operating points of the vehicle’s energy converters, which are represented by the torque of the vehicle components.
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Xu, Shiwei, Junqiu Li, Xiaopeng Zhang i Daikun Zhu. "Research on Optimal Driving Torque Control Strategy for Multi-Axle Distributed Electric Drive Heavy-Duty Vehicles". Sustainability 16, nr 16 (22.08.2024): 7231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16167231.
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Multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles have the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, strong maneuverability, and good passability, making them widely used in large cargo transportation. However, the current driving torque control strategies of multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles lack comprehensive consideration of their longitudinal and lateral dynamic characteristics, making it difficult to comprehensively optimize multiple performances such as power economy, comfort, and stability. In order to solve the above problems, This work focuses on a five-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle. Firstly, given the differences in dynamics between two-axle vehicles and multi-axle vehicles, the dynamic model of the multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle and its critical components is constructed. Then, by analyzing the characteristics of power economy, comfort, and stability of the multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle, an optimal driving torque control strategy based on multiple performance coordination is proposed. Finally, on the hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) platform, the performance of the optimal driving torque control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by using the China Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle for Truck (CHTC-HT) and a straight-line acceleration driving condition on a split friction road. The simulation test results show that, compared with the traditional torque average distribution strategy, the proposed optimal driving torque control strategy can reduce the energy consumption rate by 3.45% in CHTC-HT. The strategy is attributed to the driving torque distribution based on the vehicle’s optimal instantaneous energy consumption, and vehicle comfort is also ensured by the driving mode switching frequency suppression. Subsequently, the vehicle’s stability on the split friction road is effectively improved by the torque coordination compensation strategy. This control strategy significantly improves the comprehensive performance of multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles.
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Zhang, Chundong. "Design and Simulation of the Power Transmission System of extended range electric Vehicle based on MATLAB/Simulink". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2564, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2564/1/012030.
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Abstract With the rapid growth of automobile ownership, energy shortage and exhaust pollution have become the two major problems restricting the development of automobiles. Electric vehicles with zero fuel consumption and pollution-free advantages are the future direction of development. But battery technology is not mature at this stage, and the driving distance of electric vehicles is short. Extended range electric vehicle is a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a range extender based on a pure electric vehicle. When the power is sufficient, the whole vehicle runs with pure electric power. When the power is insufficient, the range extender works to drive the vehicle. As a kind of electric vehicle that can extend driving range, the extended-range electric vehicle has great research significance at present. In this paper, based on MATLAB/Simulink platform, the simulation model of the vehicle power transmission system is built by using the experimental modeling method. According to the model, the dynamic performance simulation of the extended-range electric vehicle is carried out, and the rationality of parameter matching of the vehicle components is verified.
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Linja-Aho, Vesa. "Perceived and Actual Fire Safety – Case of Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Fires in Finland 2015–2023". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (31.12.2023): 1313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.119.
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As an emerging technology, hybrid and electric vehicles draw media attention and so does their fire safety. For this article, Finnish national rescue task database (Pronto) was reviewed for electric and hybrid vehicle fires for years 2015–2023, and the 44 records found were analyzed for the fire behavior and the successfulness of the rescue operation. Hybrid and electric vehicle fires are both absolutely and relatively rare compared to conventional vehicle fires. The incident rate for plug-in vehicles has been 0.2–0.9 per 10000 vehicles per year in the 2020s, which is significantly smaller than the rate for all passenger vehicles (4.6). Small absolute number is due to the small total number of hybrid and electric vehicles. Small relative number of fires may be due to the age of vehicles. Electrified vehicles can catch fire while plugged in, parked or while driving, with no significant differences in the incidence of the state of the vehicle. In road accidents, only one vehicle caught fire after a crash. All electric vehicle fires, even if the lithium-ion traction battery is involved, successfully extinguished with a branch pipe and traditional firefighting gear, as the rescue staff had been trained for handling incidents involving electric vehicles. There exists a media bias in reporting battery electric vehicle fires: of all 5 fires of BEV origin found, 4 have been reported in the media as an electric vehicle fire.
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Szumska, Emilia M., i Rafał S. Jurecki. "Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range". Energies 14, nr 16 (7.08.2021): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164821.
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There is a range of anxiety-related phenomena among users and potential buyers of electric vehicles. Chief among them is the fear of the vehicle stopping and its users getting “stuck” before reaching their designated destination. The limited range of an electric vehicle makes EV users worry that the battery will drain while driving and the vehicle will stall on the road. It is therefore important to know the factors that could further reduce the range during daily vehicle operation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected parameters on a battery’s depth of discharge (DOD). In a simulation study of an electric vehicle, the effects of the driving cycle, ambient temperature, load, and initial state of charge of the accumulator on the energy consumption pattern and a battery’s depth of discharge (DOD) were analyzed. The simulation results confirmed that the route taken has the highest impact on energy consumption. The presented results show how significantly the operating conditions of an electric vehicle affect the energy life. This translates into an electric vehicle’s range.
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Ye, Bo, Zhang Zhou He, Guo Meng Huang, Xue Song He i Hui Quan Li. "The Study and Design of Electric System for Photovoltaic Generation Mix Charging Station". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (luty 2013): 2362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2362.
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With the development of electric vehicle industry, it is necessary to construct more electric vehicle charging stations to promote the popularization of electric vehicles. As photovoltaic generation owns flexible installing, convenient power supplying, and environmental protecting characteristics, it is suitable for providing power for electric vehicle charging stations and reducing a network loads. After analyzed electric vehicle charging demand, this paper proposed the designing concept of the electric system for the photovoltaic generation mix charging station, which was based on the battery charging and discharging characteristics as well as its usage. Then, the paper provided a selection of electric equipments for the charging station and an electric wiring diagram after designing the electric system. This study and design may help for promoting construction of electric vehicle charging stations, and development and popularization of electric vehicles.
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Wei, Yuchen, i Manchen Huang. "The Technology and Development of New Energy Vehicles". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 29 (31.01.2023): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v29i.4485.
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Due to CO2 pollution, due to the energy saving and high efficiency of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles have begun to develop at a high speed, and there is a hidden trend to replace traditional fuel vehicles. This paper will introduce hybrid vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV: including battery electric vehicle (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV)) by type classification vehicle the characteristics and corresponding principles of these new energy vehicles. The motor and energy systems of different models are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of speed, energy efficiency, and distance of travel of the four types of new energy vehicles are compared, and the methods of improving the shortcomings of each model are explained.
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Rosenberger, Nico. "Vehicle Parameter and Electric Powertrain Efficiency Analysis Using Real-Driving Data". International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 13, nr 6 (2024): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.13.6.494-502.
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With the conversion from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) mainly promoted by CO2 emission targets, innovative powertrain concepts arose in the automotive industry. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) practice the socalled benchmarking to identify technological potentials in their competitor’s concepts and reduce their development costs by focusing on the best-performing technologies in the electric vehicle market. In contrast, these analyses mean significant expenses in terms of time and cost. Especially on vehicle level, preparing the vehicles for dynamometer tests and performing multiple test series on these test benches require high personnel and time capacities. In this work, we present a methodology that reduces the effort of benchmarking analyses on vehicle level by substituting dynamometer tests. This methodology describes the identification of vehicle parameters and the analysis of the electric powertrain’s efficiency. With no manipulation of the vehicle’s structure and low-cost test equipment, data is recorded on public roads during real-driving scenarios, demonstrating our procedure's simplicity and universal application. With the obtained vehicle parameters (i.e. Road Load Coefficients (RLCs), rolling and air resistance) and the electric powertrain’s efficiency map, we enable the parametrization of simulation models for further analyses. We validate our methodology based on tests performed on closed test tracks and a vehicle dynamometer.
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Ginavičienė, Jurgita, i Indrė Sprogytė. "THE STUDY ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN LITHUANIA". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (28.05.2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol6.6323.
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Electric cars are very important for the circular economy. If we are using the electric vehicle we can reduce emission savings and protect the environment. Electric vehicles can contribute to energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions unfortunately, despite everything, the development of the electric vehicle market in Lithuania remains relatively slow. Electric vehicles are more expensive than traditional vehicles, there is a lack of the necessary infrastructure, and consumers do not have enough information on the benefits of green cars. The main purpose of this article is to research electric vehicles market in Lithuania. The methods of research include scientific literature analysis, statistics data comparative analysis. Electrical vehicle market in Lithuania is growing. From 2017 until 2020 M1 class electric cars was purchased 35 %. At the same period the market of new electric car increased 50 %, used electric vehicle increased only 27 %.
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P, Revathy K., i Anila A. V. "An Analysis on Various Charging Methods of EV Vehicle". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 9 (30.09.2022): 1544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46878.
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Abstract: Electric vehicle is a growing technology, which captures a huge impact on human resources nowadays. Over a few years, Electric vehicle technology has been grown into a great business and placed enthusiasm in the EV vehicle concept. For the smooth operation EV vehicles needs to be charged. In electric vehicles, it requires their batteries to be “fueled up” for operation. For charging, the conventional method is being grid-based, usage of solar energy for charging batteries and incorporating vehicle to grid and grid to vehicle power transfer has been identified. Using the solar chargers provides clean electricity to electric-powered vehicles enabling them to be free from pollution. In this paper, we analyzed various methods for charging Electric Vehicle
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Azmi, Ulul, Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Sri Murtiana i Guntur Eko Saputro. "Implementation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reduction Policy". Jurnal Ecoment Global 9, nr 1 (1.04.2024): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.36982/jeg.v9i1.3817.
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Objective: This Study aims to identify the current condition of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Indonesia and make predictions to achieve the 2030 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target.Design/Methods/Approach: The method used in this research is literature review, where the author conducts a study of literature in a number of journals and articles related to the research theme which is Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Indonesia to Achieve the Target of Nationally Determined Contribution by 2030. There are several stages conducted in this research such as data collection, data analysis and drawing conclusions. These stages are carried out to determine the development of the existing conditions of Electric Vehicle Charging facilities in Indonesia to achieve the target of Nationally Determined Contribution by 2030.Findings: Considering the target number of electric vehicles in 2030, which is 600 thousand electric cars and 2.45 million electric two-wheelers, and the charging time or battery exchange time for electric vehicles, it is estimated that Indonesia needs to build 76,562.5 Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) for electric two-wheelers and 18,750 Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) for electric cars to support the 2030 National Determined Contribution target. As for the battery exchange system for electric two-wheelers, 17,014 Public Electric Vehicles Battery Exchange Stations (PEVBES) are needed to support the 2030 National Determined Contribution target.Originality/Value: This study builds upon previous research that discusses the condition of electric vehicle infrastructure in Indonesia, by adding predictions regarding the amount of infrastructure needed to meet the 2030 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target.Practical/Policy implication: The research findings have significant implications for management and business practices, as well as policy aspects. In developing Public Electric Vehicle Charging Station facilities, there are many things that stakeholders need to consider, such as; Expanding the coverage of Public Electric Vehicle Battery Exchange Station facilities in rural areas, Establishing battery standards for Electric Vehicles to become a specific type of battery for Electric Vehicles that use a battery exchange system, Create battery exchange facilities for 4-wheeled vehicles
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Leijon, Jennifer, Jéssica Santos Döhler, Johannes Hjalmarsson, Daniel Brandell, Valeria Castellucci i Cecilia Boström. "An Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid in Sweden Using MATLAB/Simulink". World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, nr 4 (8.04.2024): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040153.
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With more electric vehicles introduced in society, there is a need for the further implementation of charging infrastructure. Innovation in electromobility may result in new charging and discharging strategies, including concepts such as smart charging and vehicle-to-grid. This article provides an overview of vehicle charging and discharging innovations with a cable connection. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to show the difference between an electric vehicle with and without the vehicle-to-grid capabilities for electricity grid prices estimated for Sweden for three different electric vehicle user profiles and four different electric vehicle models. The result includes the state-of-charge values and price estimations for the different vehicles charged with or without a bidirectional power flow to and from the electric grid. The results show that there is a greater difference in state-of-charge values over the day investigated for the electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities than for vehicles without vehicle-to-grid capabilities. The results indicate potential economic revenues from using vehicle-to-grid if there is a significant variation in electricity prices during different hours. Therefore, the vehicle owner can potentially receive money from selling electricity to the grid while also supporting the electric grid. The study provides insights into utilizing vehicle-to-grid in society and taking steps towards its implementation.
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Gao, Tao. "Research on Simulation Algorithm of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy and Intelligent Control". International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 9, nr 4 (październik 2017): 33–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2017100103.
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Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a kind of new cars with low fuel consumption and low emissions, which combines the advantages of traditional vehicle's long endurance and no-pollution of pure electric vehicles. It represents the future direction of development of vehicle for a period of time. Therefore, the research of HEV technology has important practical significance to the development of China's automobile. This paper takes Shijiazhuang bus as the research object, makes parameter matching according to the parameters of the vehicle, builds the vehicle model using Cruise software, set the simulation task, and studies the control strategy to reduce automobile fuel and pollutant emission targets. The research of this paper has certain directive significance to the modeling and energy optimization of hybrid electric vehicle.
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Ray, Richik. "Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Parameter Analysis using MATLAB". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 10 (31.10.2021): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38433.
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Abstract: In this paper, a MATLAB based Simulink model of a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle is presented. With the advent of Industry 4.0, the usage of Big Data, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and similar groundbreaking domains of technology have usurped manual supervision in industrial as well as personal scenarios. This is aided by the drastic shift from orthodox and conventional Internal Combustion Engine based vehicles fuelled by fossil fuels in the order of petrol, diesel, etc., to fully functional electric vehicles developed by renowned companies, for example Tesla. Alongside 100% electric vehicles are hybrid vehicles that function on a system based on the integration of the conventional ICE and the modern Electric Propulsion System, which is referred to as the Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrain. Designs for modern HEVs and EVs are developed on computer software where simulations are run and all the essential parameters for the vehicle’s performance and sustainability are run and observed. This paper is articulated to discuss the parameters of a series-parallel HEV through an indepth MATLAB Simulink design, and further the observations are presented. Keywords: ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), Drivetrain, MATLAB, Simulink, PSD (Power Split Device), Vehicle Dynamics, SOC (State-of-Charge)
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Chkalov, Oleksii, i Roman Dropa. "Prediction of Electric Vehicle Mileage According to Optimal Energy Consumption Criterion". Energy engineering and control systems 10, nr 1 (2024): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2024.01.019.
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In the field of electric vehicle usage, an inherent challenge lies in the restricted mileage capacity prior to requiring a recharge, hindering broader acceptance of electric vehicles. To alleviate this concern, enhancing the comprehension of vehicle energy consumption and range plays a pivotal role in easing the anxieties of electric vehicle drivers. Within this context, a novel model-based predictive approach is introduced for estimating electric vehicle energy consumption. This method considers the vehicle's specific parameters, the road network's topology, and actual traffic conditions. Through the macro model of electric vehicle energy consumption, real-time summary data can be extracted using conventional map-based web services. By representing the road network as a weighted directed graph tailored to the energy consumption model, an algorithm aids in mileage optimization by determining the optimal path for immediate use. The resultant motion range from this approach offers improved precision and dependability in contrast to conventional strategies based on average consumption and distance.
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Quandt, C. O. "Manufacturing the Electric Vehicle: A Window of Technological Opportunity for Southern California". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, nr 6 (czerwiec 1995): 835–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a270835.
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The California Air Resources Board has mandated that by 1998 2% of new vehicles sold in California must be zero emission, effectively, electric vehicles. This requirement is largely responsible for the electric vehicle development programs run by almost every global automobile manufacturer that does business in the United States. At present, no single electric vehicle technology, from battery type, to propulsion system, to vehicle design, represents a standard for a protoelectric vehicle industry. In this paper competing electric vehicle technologies are reviewed, leading public and private electric vehicle research programs worldwide are summarized, and the barriers faced by competing technological systems in terms of manufacturing and infrastructural requirements are examined.
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Alamgeer Naqvi Arvind, Sayyad. "Electric Vehicle Battery Subsystem Optimization". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, nr 6 (5.06.2023): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/mr23602163243.
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Cai, Zi Long, i Hong Chun Shu. "Long-Term Development Scale and Charging Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (październik 2013): 3194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3194.
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Because of the energy crisis and environment deterioration, there is a general consensus about the development of new energy vehicle especially electric vehicle in the world. The development of electric vehicles has brought new challenges to the distribution network. The charging strategy, the location planning of electric vehicle charging stations and sizing, the coordination planning between electric vehicle and the distribution grid depends on the future development scale electric vehicles and charging load forecasting. Because there is a certain distance from commercial operation in china, the prediction theory and method of the electric vehicle development scale and charging load are not mature. By using the method of artificial neural network to establish the development scale and charging load forecasting model of electric vehicle. The model is proved its correctness through an example of the electric vehicle scale and charging load forecasting of Kunming, a big city in West China. The paper provides a new way for future development scale and charging load forecasting to electric vehicle of China.
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Wu, Weihua, Yifan Zhang, Dongphil Chun, Yu Song, Lingli Qing, Ying Chen i Peng Li. "Research on the Operation Modes of Electric Vehicles in Association with a 5G Real-Time System of Electric Vehicle and Traffic". Energies 15, nr 12 (13.06.2022): 4316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124316.
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With the popularity of 5G technology and electric vehicles, many countries around the world have adopted 5G technology to build sustainable smart city systems, and intelligent transportation is an important part of smart cities. From the perspective of 5G technology innovation bringing changes to traditional industries, in this paper, we analyze the mechanism by which 5G technology drives the transformation and upgrading of the electric vehicle industry. Based on the changes brought by 5G technology to the three industries of agriculture, industry and services, we analyzed the transformation of business models brought about by 5G with respect to electric vehicle operation. Furthermore, we analyzed the data of a 5G real-time system of electric vehicle and traffic operating in Nanjing, China, for a month in 2021, with a total of 10,610 electric vehicles and 1,048,575 cases to model the modes of electric vehicle operation associated with the platform. Based on the frequency density method, we identified three typical operating modes of urban electric vehicles: private electric vehicle use instead of walking accounts for 24.8%, passenger vehicles (Uber/Didi and taxi) account for 64.4% and logistic distribution electric vehicles account for 10.8%. We developed a method to automatically identify the operating mode of electric vehicles using data from a 5G real-time electric vehicle traffic platform, which provide a reference for the operation of electric vehicles associated with the platform. This work also provides data that can be used to support the establishment of models for the commercial operation of charging points.
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Zhao, Ming Yu, Ying Hui Wang, Zhi Yuan Lu i Wei Guo Zhang. "Electric Vehicle Operating Characteristics Analysis Based on Structural Equation Model". Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (styczeń 2013): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.202.
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Through research of user activity characteristics of the user's social attributes of electric vehicles, electric vehicles, electric vehicles performance and electric vehicles running environment, this paper puts forward electric vehicle running characteristics model, specificly select factors affecting variables, uses structural equation modeling on operating characteristics of the electric vehicle, uses AMOS6.0 software for solve and data fitting adoping least square method, finally gives credible analysis results.
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Oswald, Mario, Georg Schrank i Joachim Ecker. "Vehicle Dynamics of Battery Electric Vehicles". ATZ worldwide 123, nr 3 (26.02.2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-020-0625-y.
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Tamor, Michael A., i Miloš Milačić. "Electric vehicles in multi-vehicle households". Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 56 (lipiec 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.02.023.
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Talukdar, Bipul Kumar, i Bimal Chandra Deka. "An Approach to Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Analysis of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle". World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010034.
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Electric vehicle technologies have seen rapid development in recent years. However, Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) related concerns still have restricted large-scale commercial utilization of these vehicles. This paper presents an approach to carry out a quantitative RAM analysis of a plug-in electric vehicle. A mathematical model is developed in the Markov Framework incorporating the reliability characteristics of all significant electrical components of the vehicle system, namely battery, motor, drive, controllers, charging unit, and energy management unit. The study shows that the vehicle’s survivability can be increased by improving its components’ restoration rates. The paper also investigates the role of a charging station on the availability of the vehicle. It illustrates how the grid power supply’s reliability influences the operational effectiveness of a plug-in electric vehicle. The concepts that are presented in the article can support further study on the reliability design and maintenance of a plug-in electric vehicle.
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Krzysztoszek, Konrad, i Dariusz Podsiadły. "Simulation of the traffic of electrical traction vehicles as an auxiliary equipment for designing or diagnostics of existing railway lines". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, nr 12 (31.12.2018): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.439.
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The driving force of an electric traction vehicle depends on the vehicle's power and the amount of electricity consumed. However, a particularly important parameter in the 3 kV DC traction is the voltage on its pantograph, which closely connects the traction vehicle and the power system. In turn, the voltage level depends on the power supply parameters of the railway line and the quantity as well as quality and location of other electric traction vehicles in the considered area. The article presents a digital model of movement for electric traction vehicles in the given power supply area.
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KUMAR, ARJUN. "Socio-Economic Dynamics and Policy Implications for Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Micro-Level Study in NCR". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 05 (10.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33626.
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Electric vehicles reduce pollution only if a high percentage of the electricity mix comes from renewable sources and if the battery manufacturing takes place at a site far from the vehicle use region. Industries developed due to increased electric vehicle adoption may also cause additional air pollution. The Indian government has committed to solving New Delhi’s air pollution issues through an ambitious policy of switching 100% of the light duty consumer vehicles to electric vehicles by 2030. This policy is based on vehicle grid interaction and relies on shared mobility through the electric vehicle fleet.
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Supri Supri. "Tinjauan Literatur tentang Strategi Inovatif dalam Menangani Kebakaran pada Kendaraan Listrik". Jupiter: Publikasi Ilmu Keteknikan Industri, Teknik Elektro dan Informatika 1, nr 6 (30.11.2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/jupiter.v1i6.186.
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Electric Vehicles are vehicles that operate entirely or partially on electric motors, utilizing electrical energy stored in batteries or other rechargeable energy storage sources. The increasing use of electric vehicles also brings potential risks of new types of accidents, different from those associated with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide accurate information and appropriate handling related to electric vehicle technology, including hazard potential assessment, optimization of firefighting basics, selection of suitable firefighting agents, and the development of electric vehicle firefighting application methods. This study aims to understand the handling of electric vehicle fires using a literature review method on 10 research articles. The results show that 6 studies used water as a firefighting agent either alone or in combination with other agents such as CO2, C₆F₁₂O, liquid nitrogen, foam, and fire blankets, making it more effective in extinguishing electric vehicle fires. However, one study does not recommend using water due to its environmental impact when extinguishing electric vehicle fires. The research findings indicate the need for further innovation and research in safety technology and firefighting for electric vehicles.
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Małek, Arkadiusz, i Rodolfo Taccani. "Innovative approach to electric vehicle diagnostics". Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 92, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol92.art4.
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Electromobility is associated with the ever faster development and introduction of new electric vehicles to the market. They use an electric motor to drive the wheels of the vehicle and the necessary electricity is stored in traction batteries. Electric vehicles have a different construction than traditional vehicles i.e. powered by internal combustion engines. For this reason, the manner of use, maintenance and service are different. Familiarization with selected operational issues of electric vehicles positively affects the reliability of their usage as well as safety and comfort of driving. An important component of electric vehicles is the traction battery. Its proper operation influences the long-term preservation of the initial energy capacity and, thus, the range of the vehicle. The article presents the tests of the state of traction batteries of a small electrically powered city vehicle. The vehicle, the batteries and the diagnostic devices used to assess the condition of the battery are described in detail. Based on the literature analysis and the observation of market trends, a fast and effective method of assessment of the technical condition of batteries in electric vehicles was proposed. The method has been tested on the selected vehicle. The technical condition of the battery in the vehicle was assessed after 4.5 years of operation and 30,000 km mileage.
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Zhu, Guoming G., i Chengsheng Miao. "Real-Time Co-optimization of Vehicle Route and Speed Using Generic Algorithm for Improved Fuel Economy". Mechanical Engineering 141, nr 03 (1.03.2019): S08—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2019-mar-4.
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Making future vehicles intelligent with improved fuel economy and satisfactory emissions are the main drivers for current vehicle research and development. The connected and autonomous vehicles still need years or decades to be widely used in practice. However, some advanced technologies have been developed and deployed for the conventional vehicles to improve the vehicle performance and safety, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC), automatic parking, automatic lane keeping, active safety, super cruise, and so on. On the other hand, the vehicle propulsion system technologies, such as clean and high efficiency combustion, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and electric vehicle, are continuously advancing to improve fuel economy with satisfactory emissions for traditional internal combustion engine powered and hybrid electric vehicles or to increase cruise range for electric vehicles.