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Mulholland, Eleanor. "Analysing people’s sentiment and emotional reaction towards online videos". Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.736779.
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality of online video content. Watching video content online has become one of the most popular activities on the Internet as audiences continue to grow rapidly around the globe where more people than ever access the Internet. This leads to a global demand for more video content and an ever increasing number of video content producers. As online audiences grow and the number of video content producers increases a challenge is the identification of high quality video content amongst billions of hours of video. Evaluating video quality and identifying video content that will entertain and emotionally engage the user is a complex task. Evaluating high quality video content has commonly been addressed with video recommender systems, which rank videos for comparison. Sentiment analysis, which identifies positive and negative emotions in text has been applied to text movie reviews to improve movie recommendations. Affective recommender systems utilise the emotional state of the user to improve recommendations. Gamification, which utilises game techniques in non-game scenarios, is a recognised method of encouraging user participation and for monitoring online communities. This research focuses on the use of sentiment analysis, emotion detection and gamification in an emotion-centred model for the evaluation of online video content. The emotion-centred model combines the Unifying framework (Tkalcic et al. 2011) and the Emotion Imbued Choice model (Lerner et al. 2015). The emotion-centred model is implemented in a software system called 360-MAM-Affect. 360-MAM-Affect's sentiment analysis module automatically evaluates the quality of online videos by analysing people's text comments on them. 360- MAM-Affect's emotion detection module obtains people's emotion feedback on videos together with data on their emotional state including explicit mood feedback, implicit mood feedback, and personality and preferences. 360-Gamify, a gamification module, uses gamification techniques to encourage the user to proactively provide feedback and engage with 360-MAM-Affect. This thesis investigates two hypotheses: (1) Video-Sentiment Hypothesis (Hl): Sentiment analysis can enhance the quality evaluation o f online videos and (2) Video-Emotional-Reaction Hypothesis (H2): Users can be monitored with emotion detection and gamification during video viewing to identify their current emotional state and emotional reaction to video content. Five experiments are conducted on YouTube videos with 360-MAM-Affect in order to investigate Hl and H2, with 2 of these experiments applied to 1,433 YouTube videos, and one experiment involving 22 human participants interacting with 200 of those YouTube videos over a two-week period. The results from both experiments provide evidence for hypotheses Hl and H2. Future work includes experimentation with a larger number of participants and incorporating 360-MAM-Affect within a video recommender system.
2
Luitjohan, Amy. "Emotional reactions to diagnostic disclosure of cognitive impairment". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier151135548047244.
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Mikellides, B. "Emotional and behavioural reaction to colour in the built environment". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233455.
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Durnell, Linda A. "Emotional Reaction of Experiencing Crisis in Virtual Reality (VR)/360?" Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10747522.
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Emotional Reaction of Experiencing Crisis in Virtual Reality (VR)/360° Immersive technology is being used to provoke emotion and move millions of people to action. Because organizations and filmmakers are exploring more ways to use the immersive technology of VR and 360-degree video to evoke emotion, it is important to investigate what emotional reactions are experienced. Both VR and 360° fall under the category of immersive media and the terms are used interchangeably in this study. NVivo 11 is used for the analysis of 1,700 Twitter texts between the years 2015 and 2017 after people view the crisis Clouds Over Sidra in VR/360°. The appraisal theory of emotion serves as the framework to explore the interpretation of the subject’s emotional reactions. Sentiment and thematic analysis reveal (a) an increase in empathy, (b) reports of emotional reactions including feelings of sadness, grief and anger, (c) greater understanding of the crisis (d) intentions to act related to the crisis, (e) importance of VR/360° for educational use, and (f) the power of VR/360° and its ability to alter fields of education, humanitarian work, and politics. This study finds the immersive experience of viewing a crisis in VR/360° generates a range of highly emotional reactions. It is an important goal to understand the role VR/360° plays in generating emotional reactions and behavioral change, particularly in view of the accelerating development of emotional VR/360° content and people’s access to immersive technology.
5
King, Margaret. "The behavioural and emotional reaction of the Romans to infant mortality". Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/22511.
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Yiu, Yui-tsi Dara, i 姚睿祉. "Worry over femininity loss and emotional reaction after hypothetical breast removal surgery". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50700637.
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Breast cancer patients consistently reported psychosocial adjustment difficulty in their sense of femininity after breast removal surgery. In view of this, the present study aimed to explore the effects of three femininity-related concepts on emotional reactions towards breast removal surgery – femininity schema, femininity loss appraisals, and femininity contingency of self-worth. 212 women without breast cancer history participated in this study. They completed a questionnaire which included a hypothetical scenario of breast removal. Results showed that women who considered the breast of a high relative importance in femininity schema, and depended their self-worth highly on sense of femininity, reported greater increase in negative emotions after hypothetical breast removal. This effect was mediated by femininity loss appraisals. Implications and future directions were discussed.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
7
Likowski, Katja U. [Verfasser], i Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Pauli. "Facial mimicry, valence evaluation or emotional reaction? : mechanisms underlying the modulation of congruent and incongruent facial reactions to emotional facial expressions / Katja U. Likowski. Betreuer: Paul Pauli". Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014891884/34.
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Calado, Zettergren Carl Alexander. "Watching Scenarios Of Undue Influence : Impact On Emotional Reaction Depends On Viewing Technology". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300445.
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The Swedish police authority is currently undertaking projects to strengthen the safety of the working environment for police employees. An issue identified in audits related to these projects is that police employees are facing what is called undue influence: events that affect on an emotional level and can induce a social-anxiety-like mindset of self-censorship. This project explores the use of 360-degree video as material for preparing for undue influence and for facilitating discussion about definitions of undue influence among police employees and across regional departments. This involves production of 360-degree video-material and a comparative study. The video-production is an example of both how a scenario of undue influence can be portrayed, and of what resources are needed to capture such a scenario. The study explored differing effects on feelings of presence and emotional reactions towards the scenario depending on the viewing technology. The compared viewing technologies were flat-screen monitors and a head mounted display. Results indicate that viewing with the head mounted display prompted stronger reactions on some emotion-subscales and on self-location related feelings of presence.Den svenska Polismyndigheten genomför för närvarande projekt för att stärka säkerheten i arbetsmiljön för polisanställda. En fråga som identifierats i interna granskningar relaterade till dessa projekt är att polisanställda möter det som kallas otillbörlig påverkan: händelser som påverkar på en emotionell nivå och kan framkalla det social ångest-liknande fenomenet självcensur. Detta projekt utforskar användningen av 360-graders video som material för att förbereda sig för otillbörlig påverkan och för att underlätta diskussioner om definitioner av otillbörlig påverkan bland polisanställda och mellan polisregioner. Detta innefattar framställning av 360-graders videomaterial och utförande av en jämförande studie. Videoproduktionen är ett exempel på både hur ett scenario av otillbörlig påverkan kan porträtteras och vilka resurser som behövs för att skapa ett sådant scenario. Studien undersökte olika effekter på känslor av närvaro samt känslomässiga reaktioner gentemot scenariot beroende på visningstekniken. De jämförda visningsteknikerna var platta skärmar och en “head-mounted display”. Resultaten indikerar att visning med “head-mounted display” producerade starkare reaktioner på vissa av de uppmätta känsloskalorna och platsillusions-relaterade känslor av närvaro.
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Verghese, Susha. "THE SPEECH SITUATION CHECKLIST: A NORMATIVE AND COMPARATIVE INVESTIGAT". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3862.
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Studies conducted over the past decades have identified the presence of a greater amount of negative emotional reaction and speech disruption in particular speech situations among children who stutter, compared to those who do not (Brutten & Vanryckeghem, 2003b; Knudson, 1939; Meyers, 1986; Trotter, 1983). Laboratory investigations have been utilized to describe the particular situations that elicit the greatest or least amount of speech concern and fluency failures. More recently, in order to deal with the limitation of laboratory research, the use of self-report tests have gained popularity as a means of exploring the extent of negative emotional reaction and speech disruption in a wide array of speaking situations. However, the availability of such instruments for use with children has been limited. Toward this end, the Speech Situation Checklist (SSC) was designed for use with youngsters who do and do not stutter (Brutten 1965b, 2003b). Past investigations utilizing the SSC for Children have reported on reliability and validity information and provided useful normative data (Brutten & Vanryckeghem, 2003b; Trotter, 1983). Additionally, the findings from those research studies have consistently revealed statistically significant differences in speech-related negative emotional response and speech disorganization between children who do and do not stutter. However, since its initial construction, the SSC has undergone modifications and paucity of normative data for the current American form of the SSC has restricted its clinical use. To fill this void, the revised SSC for children was utilized in the present study to obtain current normative and comparative data for American grade-school stuttering and nonstuttering children. Additionally, the effect of age and gender (and their interaction) on the emotional reaction and speech disruption scores of the SSC was examined. The SSC self-report test was administered to 79 nonstuttering and 19 stuttering elementary and middle-school children between the ages of 6 and 13. Only those nonstutterers who showed no evidence of a speech, language, reading, writing or learning difficulty, or any additional motor or behavioral problems were included in the subject pool. Similarly, only those stuttering participants who did not demonstrate any language or speech disorder other than stuttering were contained in the study. Measures of central tendency and variance indicated an overall mean score of 78.26 (SD=19.34) and 85.69 (SD=22.25) for the sample of nonstuttering children on the Emotional Reaction section and Speech Disruption section of the SSC, respectively. For the group of stutterers the overall mean for Emotional Reaction was 109.53 (SD=34.35) and 109.42 (SD=21.33) for the Speech Disruption section. This difference in group means proved to be statistically significant for both emotional response (t=3.816, p=. 001) and fluency failures (t=4.169, p=. 000), indicating that, as a group, children who stutter report significantly more in the way of emotional response to and fluency failures in the situations described in the SSC, compared to their fluent peers. Significant high correlations were also obtained between the report of emotional response and the extent of fluency failures in the various speaking situations for both the group of nonstuttering (.70) and stuttering (.71) children. As far as the effect of age and gender is concerned, the present study found no significant difference in the ER and SD scores between the male and female or the younger and older group of nonstuttering children. Interestingly, a significant age by gender interaction was obtained for the nonstuttering children, only on the Speech Disruption section of the test.M.A.
Department of Communicative Disorders
Health and Public Affairs
Communicative Disorders
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Mossman, Dominique. "The relationship between challenging behaviour and the behaviour of others : a consideration of the role of emotion". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340308.
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Williamson, Andrew Ian. "Cognitive emotional analysis of support workers' reaction to challenging behaviour in adults with learning disabilities". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4295.
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Previous research has explored the applicability of Weiner’s (1986) attributional model of helping behaviour to support workers of people with learning disabilities regarding challenging behaviour using optimism as a measure of the expectancy of success. No research has investigated the applicability of Weiner’s (1993) attributional model of helping behaviour to this group which gives a role to attributions of responsibility. Other research has found that self efficacy affects emotional response to challenging behaviour. The aim of the current research was to examine the relative applicability of these two theories to support workers regarding challenging behaviour using self efficacy as a measure of the expectancy of success. Method A total of 88 support workers completed measures addressing causal attributional dimensions, emotional reactions, attribution of responsibility, self efficacy and willingness to help in response to each of three vignettes regarding the challenging behaviours of aggression, self injury and destruction of property. Data was analysed using Spearman’s r correlations. Results None of the hypothesised significant correlations were found between measures of causal attributional dimensions and measures of responsibility or self efficacy. Attributing responsibility for the development of a challenging behaviour to the person engaging in it was significantly positively correlated with negative emotion. Self efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with negative emotion and significantly positively correlated with willingness to help. Emotional reaction was not significantly correlated with willingness to help. Conclusions The results provided little support for Weiner’s (1993) attributional theory of helping behaviour but provided more support for the expectancy of success aspect of Weiner’s (1986) theory and indicated that self efficacy is a useful measure of the expectancy of success. No firm conclusion could be drawn as to whether the failure to find significant correlations between causal attributions and other aspects of the theories was a genuine finding or due to the modified use of the Challenging Behaviour Attributions scale. It is concluded that a measure specifically designed for measuring causal attributional dimensions in this area is required. It is also concluded that low self efficacy may contribute to the development and maintenance of challenging behaviour via its impact on support workers’ intent to help. Efforts should therefore be made to raise support workers’ self efficacy by altering the perceived cause of challenging behaviour and highlighting to support workers the role of their level of effort, adherence to support plans and the role of any temporary external factors in the development and maintenance of challenging behaviour.
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Zaraket, Sarah. "The influence of negative eWOM through social networking sites on consumer's cognitive, emotional and behavioral reaction". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E048.
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Le bouche à oreille électronique négatif (BAOE) sur les réseaux sociaux a un effet considérable sur l’image de marque, ce phénomène a attiré l’attention des professionnels et des chercheurs. Cependant, malgré la montée en puissance des sites de réseaux sociaux (SRS) en tant que nouvelle forme de BAOE négatif, les recherches sur le sujet sont encore rares. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’impact du BAOE négatif généré à travers les SRS sur les réactions en ligne et hors ligne des internautes. En se basant sur les recherches antérieures ainsi qu’une étude qualitative, un modèle unifié de traitement du BAOE négatif a été élaboré. Il intègre la notion des caractéristiques de message tout en prenant compte du traitement du BAOE négatif sous l’angle cognitif (crédibilité perçue) et affectif (émotions négatives générées) ainsi que leurs antécédents informationnels (caractéristiques du message) et relationnels (force du lien). Le modèle comprend quatre réactions comportementales (intentions de non-achat, retransmission du BAOE, retransmission du BAO et l’adoption du BAOE). Les données ont été collectées à travers une enquête en ligne, elles ont été analysées via les équations structurelles. Les résultats montrent que la force des liens, ainsi que les caractéristiques des messages cognitifs et affectifs, ont un impact significatif sur les états internes cognitifs et affectifs de l’internaute. Ces états internes influencent les décisions d’achat des consommateurs en termes d’adoption négative et de comportements d’évitement. Les implications théoriques et managériales sont abordées, ainsi que les limites et les suggestions de recherches futuresThe use of negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on social networking sites (SNS) has been known to have an impact on a brand’s image, thus it has attracted the attention of both professionals and researchers. Nevertheless, despite the rise of social networking sites as new form of negative eWOM, researchers on the topic are still scarce. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of negative eWOM generated on SNS on user’s online and offline reactions. Based on a literature review and a qualitative study, a unified negative eWOM processing model was elaborated that brings the notion of the dual message characteristics into the picture and considers the negative eWOM processing through the perspective of cognitive (perceived credibility) and affective paths (negative emotions generated) and their informational (message characteristics) and relational antecedents (tie strength). The model included four behavioral reactions as endogenous constructs (non purchase intentions, WOM retransmission, eWOM retransmission and eWOM adoption). Data was collected through an online survey and analyzed through structural equation modelling. Results show that tie strength, affective and cognitive message characteristics significantly impact user’s cognitive and affective internal states. In turn, these internal states influence consumer’s purchasing decisions in terms of negative eWOM adoption and avoidance behaviors. Theoretical and managerial implications are tackled as well as the limits and future research suggestions
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du, Preez Danelle. "An exploration of effective events influencing job satisfaction amongst secondary school teachers". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60940.
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The purpose of this study was to explore what affective events influence job satisfaction amongst secondary school teachers of two private schools in Gauteng. The theoretical framework for this study was the Affective Events Theory as proposed by Weiss and Cropanzano. A total of 37 participants completed an open-ended questionnaire presenting an emotion and asking participants to describe an event that could be linked to the emotion experienced in as much detail as possible. Thereafter 6 participants were selected for follow-up interviews, based on age, gender and years' teaching experience to enquire about their perception on the role of leadership behaviour played in creating these events as well as investigating possible turnover intent. The results from this study highlighted that events which resulted in positive affectivity were mostly connected to learners as negative affective events involved leadership behaviour. It also highlighted how leadership behaviour contributed to these events and expressed possible turnover intent as a result of their experiences of these events at school.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
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Light, Katrina Jane. "Reactions and Responses to the Diagnosis of a Progressive Hearing Loss in Adults". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3614.
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Being given the diagnosis of a disability generally affects an individual's emotional state, however, this has not previously been investigated with respect to audiology and the diagnosis of hearing loss. The first aim of this study was to describe some of the common initial reactions to the diagnosis of hearing loss (HL). An awareness of these emotional reactions will aid audiologists in counselling their patients. Counselling occurs at the time of the diagnosis and throughout the aural rehabilitation process. However, counselling tuition is currently not provided for audiology students at New Zealand universities and there are few professional development courses for practicing audiologists. The second aim of this study was to evaluate current audiological counselling services and ascertain the impact on patients' decisions to get hearing aids (HAs). To accomplish these aims, 27 adults who had been newly-diagnosed with a HL completed an initial reaction questionnaire, partook in an interview which followed up on the questionnaire, and subsequently completed a second questionnaire at least three weeks later. There were two versions of the second questionnaire, depending on whether they had chosen to have HA(s) fitted. The results found that the common emotions reported were a sense of loss, sadness and resignation, as well as relief. Furthermore, an individual's level of optimism tended to decrease in response to the hearing test result. The ratings of the audiological counselling services were positive and seemed not to significantly influence the individual with respect to their decision to purchase HAs. The two areas of audiological counselling which could be improved related to how the audiologist explained the HL, particularly in relation to the individual's life, and also the provision of information to patients prior to the fitting of the HA. In addition to the data that was collected in relation to these aims, information was collected with respect to patients' perceptions of their HL prior to the hearing test, their interpretation of the hearing test results, and also how the patient's significant other responded to the diagnosis. The information from this study will be useful for equipping audiologists, both new graduates and those with more experience, to provide optimal audiological care for their patients.
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Vieira, Rita Adriana Souza Silva. "Influência de estímulos emocionais sobre a captura da atenção". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-28012008-113210/.
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O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi investigar se as imagens de instrumentais e da rotina odontológica podem produzir alterações no estado atencional de voluntários, avaliado por tempos de reação escolha, como encontrado com outros estímulos emocionais, ou seja, positivos como por exemplo a visualização de alimentos, cenas de sexo; e negativos tais como imagens de sangue, cenas de violência entre outras Foram utilizados 24 sujeitos, entre 18 e 30 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, alunos da graduação e pós graduação da Universidade de São Paulo. Propusemos estudar o impacto de imagens da rotina odontológica com variações de um protocolo experimental já testado, em que o sujeito experimental deveria realizar um teste de discriminação entre duas barras apresentadas bilateralmente na periferia do campo visual, tendo que julgar se as barras eram ou não paralelas. Uma figura central (pertencente a uma das três categorias que foram utilizadas: neutra, negativa ou odontológica) era apresentada entre as barras por um tempo curto, 200 ms. Foram ainda comparados o desempenho dos sujeitos experimentais em cada uma das categorias para avaliar o efeito da situação odontológica comparado a situação neutra e a negativa. Quanto mais emocionalmente \"carregada\" era a figura, maior foi o tempo empregado na execução da tarefa e maior a probabilidade de erro. Na situação negativa e odontológica, houve um aumento no tempo de reação, bem como um aumento do número de erros em relação à situação neutra. Estes resultados corroboram a proposta inicial deste projeto mostrando que as imagens odontológicas e negativas causam um efeito semelhante nos voluntários, ou seja, a situação odontológica produz uma lentificação no escolha como conseqüência de uma alteração no estado atencional.The principal objective of this study was to investigate, measuring choice reaction times, whether images depicting odontological routine can capture the attention of volunteers , as was demonstrated with other emotionally charged stimuli (positive: food, sex; and negative: blood, violence). Twenty four subjects participated, both men and women, between 18 and 30 years old, all graduate or undergraduate students at the University of São Paulo. We proposed to study the impact of odontologic images with a variation of a published protocol, in which subjects were asked to decide whether two bars, one on each side of a centrally presented picture, were parallel or not. A central figure (pertaining to one of three categories, neutral, negative or odontological) was presented between the two lateral bars for a short period of time, 200 ms. The performance of the subjects was compared for each one of these categories of pictures to evaluate the effect of odontological pictures compared with neutral and negative pictures. The higher the emotional content of the picture, the slower were the responses, and the higher the incidence of errors. With both negative and odontological pictures responses were slower and more errors were committed than in with Neutral pictures. These results corroborate the initial proposition of this study, showing that indeed odontological and negative pictures had similar effects on volunteers, slowing their responses as a result of capturing their attention.
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Guntupalli, Vijaya K., (Guntupalli) Chaya D. Nanjundeswaran, Vikram N. Dayalu i Joseph Kalinowski. "Autonomic and Emotional Responses of Graduate Student Clinicians in Speech–Language Pathology to Stuttered Speech". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1764.
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Background: Fluent speakers and people who stutter manifest alterations in autonomic and emotional responses as they view stuttered relative to fluent speech samples. These reactions are indicative of an aroused autonomic state and are hypothesized to be triggered by the abrupt breakdown in fluency exemplified in stuttered speech. Furthermore, these reactions are assumed to be the basis for the stereotypes held by different communicative partners towards people who stutter.
Aims: To examine the autonomic and emotional reactions of graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology as they viewed fluent and severe stuttered speech samples.
Methods & Procedures: Twenty-one female graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology participated in this study. Each participant viewed four 30-s video samples (two fluent and two stuttered speech samples) while their autonomic responses (skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR)) were concurrently captured. Furthermore, emotional responses to stuttered and fluent speech samples were captured using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) and a rating scale with nine bipolar adjectives reflecting one's feelings.
Outcomes & Results: An increase in SCR and deceleration in HR was observed as graduate clinicians viewed stuttered speech samples versus fluent speech samples and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, results from the self-rating scales showed that participants had negative feelings (e.g., emotionally aroused, unpleasant, embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.) while viewing stuttered speech.
Conclusions & Implications: Findings suggest that graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology demonstrated altered autonomic and emotional responses similar to those manifested by fluent and stuttered speakers as they viewed stuttered speech samples. Collectively, these findings support the contention that the inherent nature of stuttered speech triggers a visceral reaction in a listener, irrespective of their background and knowledge about the disorder.
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Saulter, Leah J. "The Effects of Simulated Police Presence on Initial Perceptions and Emotional Responses of College Aged Males". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1543334195172356.
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Bullock, Yolandé. "The relationship between leadership and resistance to change within the higher education sector / Y. Bullock". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9111.
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Adapting to change in a constantly changing environment is a challenge that organisations face on a daily basis. In order to stay competitive globally, the management of resistance to change becomes crucial. Research done on leadership reveals the very strong effect that leaders have on followers’ behaviours and attitudes and it is emphasized the role leadership plays in the implementation and supporting of change. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether a relationship between leadership and resistance to change exist within the higher education sector.
The study obtains data of 75 participants within the faculty of engineering. The survey was done by means of a questionnaire. The statistical analyses included frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlations, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, ANOVAs and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results indicated that employees’ reactions toward change could be influenced by the type of leadership style present in the organisation, therefore it is necessary that the correct leadership style within an organisation cannot be underestimated. It could mean the difference between success and failure.
For the purpose of this study, the researcher considered the scales of the Resistance to Change questionnaire sufficiently reliable, but further exploration of the scales and its adaptation to this context may be needed in future to enhance reliability measures.
An important insight of this research is that, to be more effective in creating and supporting change within organisations, managers need to learn to recognise and understand resistance within them as well as in others.
This research contributes to the already vast content of research on leadership and resistance to change and does so by being focused on studying these constructs under a unique set of circumstances.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
19
Töyrä, Emilia. "Anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser efter en kritisk händelse i samband med anestesi". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Omvårdnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74353.
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Anestesisjuksköterskan möter i sitt arbete på kritiska händelser vilket för anestesisjuksköterskan kan leda till fysiska och psykiska yttringar vilka i sig kan leda till att de inte kan prestera normalt vilket påverkar patientvården. Forskning inom detta är framförallt internationell och mot bakgrund av detta behövs även forskning inom detta område även i Sverige. Syfte med studien var att undersöka anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser efter en kritisk händelse i samband med anestesi. Studien är av kvalitativ design. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vid analys av data användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys vilket resulterade i tre kategorier; Känslomässig reaktion som anestesisjuksköterska; Behov av stöd; Anestesisjuksköterskans arbete förändrades. En slutsats kan utifrån studien dras att anestesisjuksköterskan i sitt arbete möter på händelser som framkallar känslomässig rektion och att anestesisjuksköterskan har ett behov av stöd. Händelsen påverkar anestesisjuksköterskans arbete och stödet är av vikt både för anestesisjuksköterskans hälsa och för fortsatt omvårdnadsarbete.
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Yu, Caroline, i Ann-Mia Zhang. "The different viewing experiences between special and visual effects". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254786.
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Computer graphics field is rapidly growing and is widely used in many industries, especially in cinematics. The visual effects, which is a part of the field, have become more affordable in comparison to special effect. By using more visual effects, safety during the shooting increases and the use of resources decreases. However, the field is still young and there are a lot of flaws to consider when creating such an effect. It is important that CGI in movies are created in such a way that it does not disrupt the viewing experience unless it’s done on purpose. Therefore, CGI in a real-life setting should look real. To create CGI that is closer to reality, this study examines the differences between special effects and visual effects in the aspect of the viewing experience. To investigate this question, we conducted an experiment following a semi-structured interview. 13 students participated in this study where they had to watch video clips representing the special respective visual effect. During the experiment, they did a self- report by filling in a questionnaire. A Valence-Arousal model was used to examine the subject’s emotional reactions. The result suggests that there are no significant differences between the two effects in regard to an emotional reaction. However, it shows that the visual effect had flaws of being too plastic and too perfect which makes it less convincing compared to the special effects. In contrary, the special effects do not have the ability to be exaggerating, which in turn makes it more exciting to watch the visual effects. Although this study does not solve any flaws, it highlights those that need to be fixed for the goals of improving CGI.Datorgrafik är ett ständigt växande ämne och tekniken kan appliceras så många olika sätt, speciellt inom film. Visuella effekter som är en del av ämnet som har blivit ett mer prisvärt alternativ i jämförelse till specialeffekter. Genom att använda mer visuella effekter, har säkerheten i filmandet ökat och användningen av resurser minskat. Men datagrafiksämnet är fortfarande relativt ny och det finns många brister att tänka på när det gäller att skapa en visuell effekt. Det är viktigt att CGI i filmer är skapad på sådant sätt att den inte stör tittarupplevelsen, såvida det inte är med mening. CGI i en verklighetstrogen miljö bör därför se verklighetstrogen ut. För att skapa CGI som är närmare verkligheten ska denna studien undersöka skillnaden mellan specialeffekter och visuella effekter baserad på tittarupplevelsen. För att undersöka denna fråga har vi utfört ett experiment med följd av en semi-strukturerad intervju. 13 studenter deltog denna studie där de har kollat på videoklipp med specialeffekter respektive visuella effekter. Under experimentet fick de fylla i en enkät där de utvärderar deras reaktion till klippen samt vad de tyckte om respektive klipp. En Valence-Arousal-modell användes för att undersöka deltagarnas emotionella reaktion. Resultatet visar att det inte är någon signifikant skillnad mellan de två effekterna när det gäller den emotionella reaktionen. Däremot indikerar att de visuella effekterna var för konstlad samt för perfekt i jämförelse till specialeffekter. Dessa nackdelar gjorde effekten mindre övertygande. Emellertid kan specialeffekterna inte överdrivas i samma skala som visuella effekter vilket gör den visuella effekten mer spännande. Denna studie löser inte de problem som visuella effekter har idag, men den tar fram problem som behöver fixas för att förbättra tekniken.
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Andréasson, Per. "Emotional Empathy, Facial Reactions, and Facial Feedback". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126825.
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The human face has a fascinating capability to express emotions. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that the human face not only expresses emotions but is also able to send feedback to the brain and modulate the ongoing emotional experience. It has furthermore been suggested that this feedback from the facial muscles could be involved in empathic reactions. This thesis explores the concept of emotional empathy and relates it to two aspects concerning activity in the facial muscles. First, do people high versus low in emotional empathy differ in regard to in what degree they spontaneously mimic emotional facial expressions? Second, is there any difference between people with high as compared to low emotional empathy in respect to how sensitive they are to feedback from their own facial muscles? Regarding the first question, people with high emotional empathy were found to spontaneously mimic pictures of emotional facial expressions while people with low emotional empathy were lacking this mimicking reaction. The answer to the second question is a bit more complicated. People with low emotional empathy were found to rate humorous films as funnier in a manipulated sulky facial expression than in a manipulated happy facial expression, whereas people with high emotional empathy did not react significantly. On the other hand, when the facial manipulations were a smile and a frown, people with low as well as high emotional empathy reacted in line with the facial feedback hypothesis. In conclusion, the experiments in the present thesis indicate that mimicking and feedback from the facial muscles may be involved in emotional contagion and thereby influence emotional empathic reactions. Thus, differences in emotional empathy may in part be accounted for by different degree of mimicking reactions and different emotional effects of feedback from the facial muscles.
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Wilson-Barnett, Jenifer. "Patients' emotional reactions to hospitalisation". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343472.
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Mitchell, Lorianne D. "Emotional Reactions to Organizational Change". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3052.
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Grunkina, Viktoria [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Lotze, Martin [Gutachter] Lotze i Silke [Gutachter] Anders. "The Role of Left Hemispheric Structures for Emotional Processing as a Monitor of Bodily Reaction and Felt Chill – a Case-Control Functional Imaging Study / Viktoria Grunkina ; Gutachter: Martin Lotze, Silke Anders ; Betreuer: Martin Lotze". Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236693280/34.
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Koprulu, Secil. "Relevancy Of Bipolar Word Pairs Across Product Categories: A Comparative Study Between Automobiles And The Iphone". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612828/index.pdf.
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This thesis investigates human product interaction with a focus on the physical experience provided by products. The differences of users'perceptions are discussed according to the differences of bodily experiences served by products. The interaction with products is taken as a holistic experience phenomenon, and in order to assess users'
understandings and evaluations about the experience with products
perceived pragmatic qualities, perceived hedonic qualities and elicited emotional reactions are analyzed. The research is conducted by means of surveys in order to compare users'
perceptual differences in relation to two different product groups: automobiles and the iPhone, which differ in content of interaction, namely one serves a more physical (bodily) experience while the other a more virtual one. In order to find out the perceptual differences, verbal descriptions of perceived qualities and emotional states are used as measurement tools. A list consisting of bipolar word pairs in relation with pragmatic qualities, hedonic qualities and emotional reactions has been composed, and perceptual differences are investigated through the bipolar word pairs'
relevancy levels according to the product. In addition, in order to show that meaning associations related to the same verbal description are context dependent, the meanings that are associated with the same word pairs for both products are investigated. Apparent differences between the relevant word pairs of the two different product groups have been observed, in addition with pragmatic qualities'
higher relevancy scores compared to hedonic qualities and emotional reactions in defining users'
interactions with products.
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SALLES, BRUNO MACIEL DE CARVALHO PINTO. "SOCIO-CONTEXTUAL COGNITION IN VICARIOUS EMOTIONAL REACTIONS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35820@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Achados recentes sugerem que pistas sociais e contextuais podem moderar respostas a emoções alheias. O presente trabalho investigou cognição sócio-contextual em reações emocionais vicárias. Foi examinado se respostas convergentes e divergentes dependem da afiliação grupal, direção do olhar e a emoção mostrada pelo emissor; e se o grau proximidade modera respostas aversivas e compassivas ao sofrimento alheio. Essas variáveis emocionais foram analisadas por autorrelato, expressões faciais, rastreio ocular e dilatação de pupila. Os achados respaldam teorias de cognição social e seus efeitos sobre emoção e empatia.
Recent findings suggest that social and contextual cues may moderate responses toward other s emotions. Therefore, the current work investigated socio-contextual cognition in vicarious emotional reactions. It was examined if convergent and divergent responses depend on group membership, gaze direction, and the emotion showed by the displayer; and if degrees of closeness moderate aversive and compassionate responses to other s suffering. These emotional variables were assessed by self-report, facial expressions, gaze behavior and pupil dilatation. Findings supports theories of social cognition and its effects on emotion and empathy.
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Liljeström, Simon. "Emotional Reactions to Music : Prevalence and Contributing Factors". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151605.
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People value music mainly for its abilities to induce emotions. Yet little is known about these experiences. The aim of this thesis was thus to investigate the nature and prevalence of emotional reactions to music, and what factors in the listener, the music, and the situation might contribute to such reactions. Study I explored the prevalence of musical emotions and possible factors influencing such experiences through the use of a questionnaire sent out to a random and nationally representative sample. The results indicated that a majority of the responders frequently reacted emotionally to music, and that their reactions included both basic and complex emotions. Prevalence correlated with personality, gender, age, and music education. Study II was designed to obtain a representative sample of situations where music induced emotions in listeners. The results showed that emotional reactions to music occurred in 24% of all episodes, and that the prevalence of specific emotions varied depending on the situation (e.g., other people present). However, causal inferences could not be drawn from Study I and II, so it was considered important to test predictions in a more controlled setting. Study III showed in an experiment that listeners experienced more intense emotions (a) to self-chosen music than to randomly selected music and (b) when listening with a close friend or partner than when listening alone. Moreover, Openness to experience correlated with emotion intensity. All three factors were linked to positive emotions. Overall, the thesis shows that (a) musical emotions are relatively common, (b) music can induce a variety of emotions, and (c) there are several features in the listener, the music, and the situation that may influence emotional reactions to music.
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Pacheco, Natália Araújo. "Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to service failures". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141224.
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Devido à natureza onipresente das falhas de serviço e suas consequências nocivas, é importante compreender como os clientes reagem a elas. Esta tese de doutorado explora algumas das reações cognitivas, emocionais e comportamentais dos clientes em relação a falhas de serviço. De maneira mais específica, a tese investiga atribuições causais, avaliações e controle percebido dos clientes como reações cognitivas, assim como uma ampla variedade de reações emocionais (p.ex., arrependimento, raiva, decepção, etc.) e comportamentais (p.ex., troca, reclamação, boca-a-boca negativo, entre outros). Esta tese apresenta três diferentes pesquisas dentro do escopo de reações do cliente a falhas de serviço. A primeira pesquisa traz o modelo temporal de controle percebido da psicologia para a área de serviços e compara o seu poder de explicar reações emocionais e comportamentais do cliente com o poder explanatório dos modelos de atribuição e de avaliação amplamente utilizados. Três surveys e um experimento são realizados. Os resultados mostram que, para algumas reações dos clientes (p.ex., arrependimento e troca), o modelo temporal de controle percebido tem poder explanatório superior ao poder dos modelos de atribuição causal e de avaliação tradicionalmente utilizados. Esta pesquisa também demonstra que o modelo temporal de controle percebido pode ser combinado aos modelos de atribuição causal e de avaliação para atingir maior poder explanatório. A segunda pesquisa investiga se falhas em serviços coproduzidos levam a uma atribuição causal mais interna ou externa (i.e., se a culpa é atribuída ao cliente ou ao prestador de serviço) e como isto afeta arrependimento, decepção e insatisfação do cliente. Dois experimentos são realizados. Os resultados indicam que falhas em serviços coproduzidos levam a uma atribuição mais interna que falhas em serviços não coproduzidos. Falhas em serviços coproduzidos também resultam em menores níveis de decepção e insatisfação sem elevar o nível de arrependimento do cliente. Os resultados também apontam que, em caso de incerteza causal (i.e., quando o cliente não está seguro sobre quem causou a falha), clientes que coproduzem sentem o mesmo alto nível de arrependimento de clientes que causaram a falha, contradizendo a literatura que afirma que incerteza causal leva à redução da intensidade emocional. A terceira pesquisa investiga se a velocidade do pensamento dos clientes afeta a atribuição de lócus causal para falhas de serviço bem como as reações emocionais e comportamentais dos clientes. Quatro experimentos são conduzidos. Os resultados sugerem que clientes que pensam mais rápido fazem atribuições causais mais externas que clientes que pensam mais devagar. Aparentemente, a velocidade do pensamento não tem efeito nas reações emocionais e comportamentais dos clientes. De acordo com os resultados, as diferenças de velocidade de pensamento que foram induzidas tendem a ter curta duração. Em geral, estas três pesquisas oferecem insights sobre algumas das coisas que os clientes pensam, como eles se sentem e agem em resposta a falhas de serviço. Implicações teóricas e gerenciais são discutidas ao final de cada pesquisa e sintetizadas no capítulo de conclusões.Given the pervasive nature of service failures and their harmful consequences, it is important to understand how customers react to them. This doctoral dissertation addresses some of the customers’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to service failures. More specifically, it investigates customers’ causal attributions, appraisals, and perceived control as cognitive reactions, as well as a wide range of emotional (e.g., regret, anger, disappointment, etc.) and behavioral reactions (e.g., switch, complaint, negative word-of-mouth, and others). This dissertation presents three different researches within the scope of customers’ reactions to service failure. The first research introduces the temporal model of perceived control from psychology to service research and compares its explanatory power for customer emotional and behavioral reactions with the ones of the widely used causal attribution and appraisal models. Three surveys and one experiment are conducted. The results show that for some customers’ reactions (e.g., regret and switch), the temporal model of perceived control has explanatory power over and above the traditionally used causal attribution and appraisal models. This research also shows that the temporal model of perceived control may be combined with the causal attribution and appraisal models to achieve higher explanatory power. The second research investigates whether failed co-produced services lead to more internal or external causal attribution (i.e., whether the blame is attributed to the customer or the service provider) and how it affects customers’ regret, disappointment, and dissatisfaction. Two experiments are conducted. The results indicate that failed co-produced services lead to more internal attributions than failed services that were not co-produced. Failed co-produced services also lead to lower levels of disappointment and dissatisfaction without elevating customer’s regret level. The results also show that in case of causal uncertainty (i.e., when the customer is not sure about who caused the failure), customers who co-produced experience the same high level of regret of customers who have caused the failure, contradicting the literature that states that causal uncertainty leads to reduced emotional intensity. The third research investigates whether customers’ thought speed affects causal locus attribution for services failures as well as customers’ emotional and behavioral reactions. Four experiments are conducted. The results suggest that customers who think faster make more external attributions for service failures (i.e., attribute more blame to the service provider) than customers who think slower. It seems that thought speed has no effect on customers’ emotional and behavioral reactions though. According to the results, the induced differences in thought speed tend to be short-lived. Overall, these three researches offer insights into some of the things that customers think, how do they feel and act in response to service failures. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed at the end of each research and recapitulated in the conclusions chapter.
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Bärgh, Isabelle. "Reagera och agera: Styrka och snabbhet i den manuella responsen för emotionella stimuli". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13449.
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In this study I investigated whether the strength in the manual response for emotional and neutral stimulus search arrays can explain some of the difference in reaction times (RT:s) for emotional stimuli, or not. Earlier, perceptual, cognitive and attentional processes has mostly been used to explain the variance in RT:s. Thirtythree individuals were asked to, as fast as possible, detect a target picture among distractor pictures in 3 rows x 4 columns arranged search arrays. The pictures were categorized in fear relevant animals (snake, spider) and neutral animals (cat). The results showed, more correct responses for cat target. No correlation between strength and fear relevant target picture was found. This can partly be explained by that RT:s and force (Newton) was measured at different time sets with different buttons. The results show that the use of different response buttons results in a difference in the heartbeat frequency.
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Axisa, Fabrice. "Etudes des Indices Objectifs du Confort Thermique Ressenti chez l’Homme : Microcentrale d’acquisition des paramètres physiologiques pour l’étude des réactions émotionnelles, sensorielles et cognitivesd=Objective indicators for felt comfort : Physiological data micro acquisition system for emotional, sensorial and cognitive reaction of human". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAL0025.
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L’optimisation du confort thermique des bâtiments est un compromis entre les contraintes esthétique, fonctionnelles et thermiques. Les contraintes thermiques pour l’amélioration du confort thermique sont définies dans une série de normes de calculs et de mesures. Le modèle PMV, les modèles thermo physiologiques et les indices synthétiques permettent la prévision du confort thermique moyen et l’insatisfaction d’une population. Cependant ces modèles peuvent s’avérer faux pour une personne donnée ou une situation donnée. Avec les mécanismes physiologiques de thermorégulation, le système nerveux autonome est un acteur essentiel du confort thermique ressenti. La compréhension des différents acteurs physiologiques permet d’établir un modèle thermo-neuro-physiologique du confort thermique ressenti. Les mesures des réactions physiologiques dues à la thermorégulation et à la réaction du système nerveux autonome sont essentielles. Ces mesures sont la température cutanée, la densité de flux thermique cutané, la conductance et le potentiel électrique cutané et le rythme cardiaque instantané. Une analyse multiparamétrique et multi canal permet l’établissement d’un indice objectif du confort thermique ressenti. Une microcentrale ambulatoire, MARSIAN, portable au poignet, d’une autonomie de 6 heures, a été développée pour enregistrer et transmettre sans-fil les signaux physiologiques provenant des capteurs non invasifs cutanées. Le système MARSIAN permet en outre la surveillance en temps réel et de façon ambulatoire les paramètres vitaux, pour la médecine de prévention et la télémédecine. Un gant intelligent intégrant les capteurs cutanés non invasifs accompagne MARSIAN pour simplifier et fiabiliser la pose de capteurs physiologiques sur la main. La conception de MARSIAN a permit la mise au point d’une nouvelle génération d’instrumentation biomédical ambulatoire pour l’analyse de la réactivité du système nerveux autonomeThe optimization of the thermal comfort in buildings is a compromise between the aesthetic, functional and thermal constraints. The thermal constraints for the improvement of thermal comfort are defined in a series of standards of calculations and measurements. The PMV model, the thermo-physiological models and the aggregative indexes allow the forecast of average thermal comfort and of the dissatisfaction of a population. However these models can prove to be false for a given person or a given situation. With the physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation, the autonomous nervous system is an essential actor of felt thermal comfort. The comprehension of the various physiological actors makes it possible to establish a thermo-neuro-physiological model of felt thermal comfort. Measurements of the physiological reactions due to the thermoregulation and the reaction of the autonomous nervous system are essential. These measurements are the skin temperature, the skin thermal flow density, the skin electrical conductance, the skin electrical potential and the instantaneous heartbeat. A multiparametric and multi channel analysis allows the establishment of an objective index of felt thermal comfort. An ambulatory measurement system, MARSIAN, portable on the wrist, of an autonomy of 5 hour, were developed to record and transmit wireless the physiological signals coming from the non-invasive skin sensors. Moreover MARSIAN allows the monitoring in real time and in an ambulatory way of the vital parameters, for the medicine of prevention and the telemedicine. An intelligent glove integrating the non-invasive skin sensors simplify and make reliable the setup of physiological sensors on the hand. MARSIAN’s conception enables the conception of a new family of ambulatory biomedical instrumentation for autonomous nervous system activity
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Shaw, Rebecca Louise. "A study of emotional vulnerability and reactions to stress". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-emotional-vulnerability-and-reactions-to-stress(9e372d75-1b10-41da-a0e7-aef1bdbb9ac8).html.
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The first part of the thesis explored the pattern of emotional reactivity amongst individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A previous review (Rosenthal, Gratz, Kosson, Cheavens, Lejuez & Lynch, 2008) claimed that a discrepancy exists in the subjective versus objective patterns of responding to emotional stimuli in those with BPD. The present review assessed the reliability of such findings by reviewing a more homogenous sample of studies that had used similar methodological procedures, in addition to a range of subjective and objective measures. It also aimed to investigate psychophysiological factors associated with this proposed divergent pattern of responding. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed. The evidence reviewed disputes claims that BPD individuals display diminished physiological reactivity, despite equal or higher self-reported emotional reactivity than controls. Instead, the present review found that individuals with BPD react more severely (both psychologically and physiologically) to experimental stimuli, than controls, particularly when the stimuli is personally-relevant. Disruption of specific brain structures involved in the regulation of emotion within the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) are implicated in this heightened profile of emotional reactivity. Furthermore, present state dissociation acts as a defence mechanism which appears to limit cognitive processing abilities such as problem-solving, attention and concentration in those with BPD. The second part of the thesis described a randomised controlled study investigating the effects of an attention training technique on pain tolerance. The Attention Training Technique (ATT; Wells, 1990) is a brief technique used in metacognitive therapy to modify attentional control. The effect of ATT versus Progressive Muscular Relaxation (PMR) on pain tolerance was examined in a sample of individuals who had experienced early childhood trauma (N=57). Participants were randomly assigned to either the ATT condition (N = 29) or the PMR condition (N = 28). A laboratory stressor was included: The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) as an objective measure of pain tolerance. Results supported the hypothesis that ATT modified performance on the CPT. Individuals assigned to the ATT condition were able to persist significantly longer with the CPT than those in the PMR condition. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. Results provide preliminary evidence for the possible benefits of ATT within medical settings. The third part of the thesis critically reflected on the methodological issues and dilemmas presented by the systematic review process, as well as the methodological and ethical issues raised by the research study.
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Crawley, Rowan. "A comparative study of staff members' experiences of challenging and offending behaviour by adults with learning disabilities within clinical and forensic services". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251662.
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Ozcan, Nergis. "The Emotional Reactions Of Tactual Qualities On Handheld Product Experiences". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610269/index.pdf.
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This is an attempt to analyze the evaluation criteria of tactual qualities on handheld product experiences by users. The study was conducted with the users selected from different work groups and different ages for exploring the meanings which are attributed to these tactual qualities by them. The thesis is expected to shed a light in the design studies by designers.
After identifying the products and the participants, the tactual experiences were analyzed throughout the study to find out the keywords which are used to describe the tactual qualities through the experience. The evaluation criteria and the relationships between these criteria are expected to use as guidance. The guidance of these keywords, the approaches of the users to the tactual qualities tried to be clarified in order to acquire data for the design processes.
The results showed that the tactual qualities are qualities which are mentioned by the participants. This means that the participants are aware of the tactual qualities. On the other hand, it was seen that expressing the emotional effects of the tactual qualities with words is hard for users. However, expressing the emotional effects is hard for
userssome relations between the tactual qualities and between other qualities are conducted.
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Oh, Hyun-Kyoung. "The emotional reactions to challenging behavior scale modification and validation /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223046.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 27, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2094. Adviser: Francis M. Kozub.
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Hjelmstedt, Anna. "In vitro fertilization - emotional reactions to treatment, pregnancy and parenthood /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-715-0.
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Xu, Xinyuan. "Chinese and British teachers' emotional reactions towards students' classroom behaviours". Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20214/.
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The primary objective of this research is to investigate whether Chinese instructors who work in the UK experience different emotions in comparison with British instructors when facing students’ disruptive behaviour. With the increase of the globalization, lager numbers of teachers are teaching abroad (Weber, 2007). Working as international teachers, this group of teachers’ built-in beliefs and cultural values may be challenged by the new cultural context in which they work (Hofstede, 1986; Volet & Ang, 1998). Moreover, according to appraisal theory, when judging an antecedent to an emotion, a person’s cultural beliefs and goals are drawn on (Lazarus, 1991; Frijda, 1986); as such, it can be assumed that, compared with local teachers, international teachers may experience different or more intense emotions due to their different beliefs and goals when they both confront the same students’ behaviours (Sutton & Wheatley 2003). In order to examine this assumption, three phases of studies (a questionnaire survey with video scenarios, a diary study and interviews) were designed. The questionnaire survey with video scenarios of classroom misbehavior contained 47 Chinese and 52 British instructors/teachers as participants and discovered that teachers from China experienced a significantly higher level of anxiety and shame than British teachers. Interestingly, there is a trend showing that British instructors perceived students’ misbehaviours were more troublesome than Chinese instructors, however, when they watched the video clips their emotional reactions to those behaviours in the classroom are less intensive than that of Chinese instructors in general. Finally, according to results from interview study, the depth of tolerance, accountability and teacher’s self-efficacy could be factors that result in these differences discovered between British and Chinese instructors.
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Falardo, Sara Figueiredo Caeiro. "Children emotional reactions toward advertising and brands: A drawing experiment". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10071.
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Spencer, Alison. "Gender effects and aggressive challenging behaviour in people with learning disabilities". Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390561.
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Thunberg, Monika. "Rapid Facial Reactions to Emotionally Relevant Stimuli". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8219.
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The present thesis investigated the relationship between rapid facial muscle reactions and emotionally relevant stimuli. In Study I, it was demonstrated that angry faces elicit increased Corrugator supercilii activity, whereas happy faces elicit increased Zygomaticus major activity, as early as within the first second after stimulus onset. In Study II, during the first second of exposure, pictures of snakes elicited more corrugator activity than pictures of flowers. However, this effect was apparent only for female participants. Study III showed that participants high as opposed to low in fear of snakes respond with increased corrugator activity, as well as increased autonomic activity, when exposed to pictures of snakes. In Study IV, participants high as opposed to low in speech anxiety responded with a larger difference in corrugator responding between angry and happy faces, and also with a larger difference in zygomatic responding between happy and angry faces, indicating that people high in speech anxiety have an exaggerated facial responsiveness to social stimuli. In summary, the present results show that the facial EMG technique is sensitive to detecting rapid emotional reactions to different emotionally relevant stimuli (human faces and snakes). Additionally, they demonstrate the existence of differences in rapid facial reactions among groups for which the emotional relevance of the stimuli can be considered to differ.
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Hedvig, Rudström. "Community Reactions to Place-Based Police Work in Uppsala City : A qualitative study on emotion and reaction toward police in urban space". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314877.
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The purpose of this study is to explore reactions and emotions within the community toward place-based police work in Uppsala city. Authority is something almost everybody is faced with on a daily basis and control of the urban place is one of those instances. Next to the purpose of this paper, there is also an aim to suggest further consideration of community reactions when developing future police strategies. Six members of the community have been interviewed in this study, sharing their thoughts and emotions toward police in the city, and four observations have been conducted to explore reactions from the community when interacting with the police on the street. Showing a tangible divide between the community and the police, and an unwillingness to interact but still a willingness to get closer together. This dichotomy between the community and the police department establishes the call for consideration of community reactions when developing strategies to monitor and control them.
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Lee, Irene Hoi Yan. "On the relationships between personality and emotional reactions among the Chinese /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202006%20LEE.
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Thomas, Alane. "Students' emotional reactions and sentence recommendations regarding drug use during pregnancy". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464460.
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Kalda, Tiina. "Emotional reactions to music : psychophysiological correlates and applications to affective disorders". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45892/.
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Music has been used to evoke emotions for centuries. The mechanisms underlying this effect have remained largely unclear. This thesis contributes to research on how music evokes emotions by investigating two mechanisms from the model of Juslin and Västfjäll (2008) - musical expectancy and emotional contagion. In the perception studies the focus is on how musical expectancy violations are detected by either musically trained or untrained individuals. In the music-making studies, we concentrate on mood change brought about by cheerful music in healthy and depressed individuals and factors which could modulate this change like personality, musical preference and general emotional state. The results indicate that the subtlest scale violations are detected at the level of brain electrical potential while the task remains behaviourally difficult. This suggests that scale information is processed using music-syntactic analysis and in memory existing representations of tonal hierarchies, instead of auditory sensory memory as previously believed. Music-making decreased anxiety, depression and fatigue in both depressed and healthy participants whereas arousal and positive mood increased. This suggests that musicmaking could be beneficial for depressed individuals in terms of improving their mood on a short-term basis, even though a reliable music-related decrease of depression symptoms was not found. Among healthy participants, intraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, musical training and liking of the music predicted positive changes in mood following a music-making session. Taken together, these studies indicate that subtle musical scale violations are detected even if they are not consciously perceived as deviants and could therefore be used to evoke emotions, and music-making improves the mood in both healthy and depressed individuals and could serve as a temporary relief in case of depression.
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Hahn, Ivanete Schneider. "Relação entre a reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais e a avaliação da marca". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4644.
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The internet has changed the way that consumers interact with each other and with companies. Social media appear as a new communication channel for business and enabling closer interaction between enterprises and consumers. The literature explains that the social media has a vital role in the promotion mix and companies can interact with consumers through online platforms (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and others). Therefore, companies can no ignore the phenomena of social media, because it have become a tool for consumers expose their perception of products and services. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the emotional response to advertising on social media (Facebook) and the evaluation of the Coca-Cola brand, under the influence of technology readiness and consumers trust. The methodological procedures used to obtain answers to the objectives that guided this study followed the steps of the survey method, by surveying a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study. To assess the relationship between different variables, we used the technique of structural equation modeling. The population was composed of all Brazilians, social media users, subscribers on Facebook. We obtained a total of 1,196 respondents, and of these, 1,037 are valid questionnaires. The choice of brand Coca-Cola gave up because is considered the most valuable in the world for 13 consecutive years and the most followed brand on Facebook worldwide and the second most followed in Brazil. The confirmation of the properties of unidimensionality, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs permitted to propose and validate an integrated model, considered as hybrid. The hybrid model tested 48 variables and 118 estimated parameters. The results show that: (1) the emotional reaction to advertising on social media has a positive and direct influence on the Coca-Cola brand evaluation; (2) consumer trust exercised direct and positive influence on brand evaluation and emotional reaction to advertising on social media; and (3) the technology readiness has not a significant influence on the emotional reaction to advertising on social media. We concluded that it is possible to determine consumer trust as the most important variable to a positive emotional reaction to advertising on social media and a positive brand evaluation.A internet tem alterado a maneira como os consumidores interagem entre si e com as empresas. As mídias sociais aparecem como um novo canal de comunicação para os negócios permitindo maior proximidade e interação das empresas com os consumidores. A literatura explica que as mídias sociais tem um papel vital dentro do mix de promoção, sendo que as empresas podem interagir com os consumidores por meio de plataformas online (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace e outros). Assim as empresas não podem mais ignorar o fenômeno das mídias sociais, porque elas se tornaram a ferramenta para os consumidores exporem sua percepção sobre produtos e serviços. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre a reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais (Facebook) e a avaliação da marca Coca-Cola, sob a influência da prontidão à tecnologia e da confiança do consumidores. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para obter respostas aos objetivos que orientaram este estudo, seguiram as etapas do método survey, por meio de levantamento de corte transversal, por um estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Para avaliação da relação entre variáveis distintas, utilizou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. O universo do estudo foi composto por todos brasileiros, usuários de mídias sociais, inscritos no Facebook. Obteve-se um total de 1.196 respondentes, sendo destes, 1.037 questionários válidos. A escolha da marca Coca-Cola deu-se por esta ter sido a mais valiosa do mundo por 13 anos consecutivos e a marca mais seguida no Facebook em nível mundial e a segunda mais seguida no Brasil. A confirmação das propriedades de unidimensionalidade, confiabilidade, validade convergente e discriminante dos construtos permitiu propor e validar um modelo integrado, considerado híbrido. O modelo híbrido testado, apresentou 48 variáveis e 118 parâmetros estimados. Os resultados evidenciam que: (1) a reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais exerceu influência positiva e direta sobre avaliação da marca Coca-Cola; (2) a confiança do consumidor exerceu influência positiva e direta sobre a avaliação da marca e a reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais; (3) a prontidão à tecnologia exerceu influência positiva sobre a reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais em nível não significante. Conclui-se que é possível determinar a confiança do consumidor como a variável chave para uma reação emocional à propaganda em mídias sociais e avaliação da marca positiva.
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Rance, J. Y. "Emotional reactions to negative life events : testing the hopelessness theory of depression". Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638615.
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The hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson et al. 1989) considers hopelessness to be a subtype of depression. A causal chain is proposed which starts with the perceived occurrence of a negative life event, at which point inferences can be made about (i) why the event occurred, (ii) its consequences and (iii) characteristics about the self. In particular, the hopelessness theory predicts that: (a) each cognitive diathesis will interact with subsequent stress to produce symptoms of hopelessness depression (diathesis x stress component); (b) each causal factor in the model still contribute to the next in a proximal direction (causal mediation component). This thesis presents four studies examining the main predictions of hopelessness theory. Studies 1 and 2 utilised student samples (n=100) and cross-sectional designs. In Study 1, the role of the three sets of inferences was examined using hypothetical events. Some support was found for both the diathesis x stress and the causal mediation components. In Study 2 inferences for real events were considered. The results provided minimal support for the diathesis x stress component, and no support for the causal mediation component. In Study 3, the main predictions were tested more fully using prospective measurement in a 5-week follow-up of students (n=100). The diathesis x stress component was not supported and the causal mediation component received only partial support. In Study 4 the utility of the hopelessness theory in predicting post-natal depression was examined among a sample of primiparous women (n=172). Measures were taken during the third trimester of pregnancy, and at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum. Little evidence was found to support the diathesis x stress component. However, considerable support was found for the causal mediation component. Overall, the four studies produced contradictory evidence for the hopelessness theory. Implications for future research on the hopelessness theory of depression are discussed.
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Barradas, Gonçalo. "A Cross-Cultural Approach to Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Emotional Reactions to Music". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314870.
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Music plays a crucial role in everyday life by enabling listeners to seek individual emotional experiences. To explain why such emotions occur, we must understand the underlying process that mediates between surface-level features of the music and aroused emotions. This thesis aimed to investigate how musical emotions are mediated by psychological mechanisms from a cross-cultural perspective. Study I manipulated four mechanisms by selecting ecologically valid pieces of music that featured information relevant for each mechanism. The results suggested that listeners’ emotions could be successfully predicted based on theoretically based manipulations of target mechanisms. However, Study I featured only listeners from a single culture, neglecting the possible role of contextual and individual factors. Study II investigated the prevalence of emotions, mechanisms, and listening motives in a web survey featuring listeners from both individualist and collectivist countries. Results indicated that patterns of prevalence of emotions and mechanisms were quite similar across cultures. Still, Study II found that certain emotions such as nostalgia and the mechanism episodic memory were more frequent in collectivist cultures. In contrast, sadness and the mechanism musical expectancy were more frequent in individualist cultures. Study II also suggested that listening motives were country-specific, rather than subject to the individualism-collectivism dimension. Study III explored how particular mechanisms are manifested within a collectivist cultural setting with great potential for deeply felt emotions: fado music in Portugal. Interviews with listeners provided in-depth information on how the cultural context might shape listening motives and emotions. The results revealed that listeners strived for musical experiences that would arouse culturally valued emotions. Music-evoked nostalgia and contextual factors were regarded as important and contributed to an enhanced sense of wellbeing. Study IV tested the influence of lyrics on the emotions induced by Swedish and Portuguese pieces of music. The results revealed cross-cultural differences in how lyrics influenced emotions. The differences were not related to the music’s origin, but to the listener’s origin, suggesting that the impact of lyrics depends on the cultural background of the listener. In conclusion, the thesis suggests that cultural factors serve as moderators of effects of biologically based mechanisms for emotion induction.
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Hechenbleikner, Nancy. "Risk in Intimacy and Reactions to Rejection Emotions". W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626339.
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Hung, Anna H. "Adolescent Reaction to Parental Emotion Socialization: Gender, Ethnicity, and Relation to Depression & Emotion Regulation". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1466453655.
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Nelson, Jakob James Filion Diane L. "Startle eye-blink reflex as an index of emotion regulation in high and low monitors". Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A dissertation in psychology." Advisor: Diane L. Filion. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120). Online version of the print edition.
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Klein, Robert John. "Intense Emotion Reactions Predict Enhanced Well-Being and Adaptive Choices". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31925.
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Existing evidence has linked individual differences in emotion reaction intensity to both enhanced and decreased psychological well-being. We propose that this contradiction is related to methodological shortcomings in some existing research. We present a novel emotion reactivity task capable of addressing these methodological shortcomings by continuously measuring the subjective intensity of individual emotion episodes with high temporal resolution.
Four studies were conducted (total n = 499). In Studies 1, 2, and 4, participants continuously reported their emotions while viewing objectively pleasant or unpleasant images. Thousands of reaction intensities were coded using algorithms developed for this purpose. We expected that people showing more intense emotion reactions, regardless of valence, would report greater subjective well-being in the lab and in daily life. One reason that such situationally-congruent reactions might be beneficial is that that they enable more flexible situationally-appropriate behavior. In Study 3, participants were asked to rate their emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant images. Following this, people choose a location for their Self avatar within a computerized environment that included one image of each valence. We expected that the tendency to report intense emotion responses to these images would predict both adaptive location choice and subjective well-being.
Results confirmed most major hypotheses: more intense reactions to both positive and negative stimuli were predictive of greater subjective well-being in the lab and in daily life, and analogous reactivity patterns were associated with more flexible, adaptive avatar placement. The results suggest that a key feature of maladaptive emotion generation systems (and lower well-being) may not be overly intense reactions as has been suggested, but a failure to flexibly adapt emotion output to match changing circumstances.