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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Endpoints”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 4 lutego 2022

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1

Banerjee, Buddhananda, and Atanu Biswas. "True endpoint reduction by surrogate endpoints." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 46, no. 8 (May 27, 2016): 6645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2016.1171350.

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Ferreira-González, Ignacio, and Gaietà Permanyer-Miralda. "Are composite endpoints multilevel endpoints?" Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61, no. 2 (February 2008): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.10.002.

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Hahn, Andreas, Andreas Podbielski, Markus M. Heimesaat, Hagen Frickmann, and Philipp Warnke. "Binary surrogate endpoints in clinical trials from the perspective of case definitions." European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00031.

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AbstractIntroductionSurrogate endpoints are widely used in clinical trials, especially in situations where the endpoint of interest is not directly observable or to avoid long trial periods. A typical example for this case is frequently found in clinical trials in oncology, where overall survival (OS) as endpoint of interest and progression free survival (PFS) as surrogate endpoint are discriminated.MethodsBased on the perspective of case definitions on surrogate endpoints, we provide a formal definition of such endpoints followed by a description of the structure of surrogate endpoints.Result

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BOAS, R. A. "ENDPOINTS." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 23, Sup 1 (May 1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00115550-199823031-00116.

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Kuller, Lewis H. "Clinical trials: surrogate endpoints or hard endpoints?" American Journal of Cardiology 88, no. 2 (July 2001): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01786-6.

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Dowsett, M. "Molecular endpoints." European Journal of Cancer 38, no. 11 (March 2002): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(02)80418-x.

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ZARET, B. "Soft endpoints." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 5, no. 3 (June 1998): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1071-3581(98)90124-6.

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Conti, C. Richard. "Clinical endpoints." Clinical Cardiology 25, no. 7 (July 2002): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4950250702.

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Redmond, J. M. T., and M. J. McKenna. "Neuropathy endpoints." Neurology 46, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.4.1193.

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Ellenberg, SS. "Surrogate endpoints." British Journal of Cancer 68, no. 3 (September 1993): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1993.369.

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Johnson, C. A. "Psychophysical Endpoints." European Journal of Ophthalmology 9, no. 1_suppl (January 1999): S48—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219900901s16.

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Palileo-Villanueva, Lia M., and Antonio L. Dans. "Composite endpoints." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 128 (December 2020): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.017.

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Buyse, M. E., K. J. Punt, C. H. Köhne, P. Hohenberger, R. Labianca, H. J. Schmoll, L. Pahlman, A. F. Sobrero, and J. Y. Douillard. "Endpoints in adjuvant trials: A systematic review of the literature in colon cancer and proposed definitions for future trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4018.

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4018 Background: Disease-free survival (DFS) is the primary endpoint of most trials testing adjuvant treatments. However many other endpoints are used. There is much confusion about these endpoints since different definitions were used among trials, or no definitions were provided at all. Moreover there is no consensus on either the definition of each endpoint or on the most relevant among these endpoints. This creates difficulties when comparing the results of various trials. Methods: Adjuvant trials in colon cancer were used as a model. A systematic review was performed on published adjuvant

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Jang, Eun, Jae Suhr, and Ho Jung. "Lane Endpoint Detection and Position Accuracy Evaluation for Sensor Fusion-Based Vehicle Localization on Highways." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124389.

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Landmark-based vehicle localization is a key component of both autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Previously used landmarks in highways such as lane markings lack information on longitudinal positions. To address this problem, lane endpoints can be used as landmarks. This paper proposes two essential components when using lane endpoints as landmarks: lane endpoint detection and its accuracy evaluation. First, it proposes a method to efficiently detect lane endpoints using a monocular forward-looking camera, which is the most widely installed perception sensor. La

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Stutchfield, Christopher, Anna Davies, and Amber Young. "Fluid resuscitation in paediatric burns: how do we get it right? A systematic review of the evidence." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314504.

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BackgroundOptimal fluid resuscitation in children with major burns is crucial to prevent or minimise burn shock and prevent complications of over-resuscitation.ObjectivesTo identify studies using endpoints to guide fluid resuscitation in children with burns, review the range of reported endpoint targets and assess whether there is evidence that targeted endpoints impact on outcome.DesignSystematic review.MethodsMedline, Embase, Cinahl and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched with no restrictions on study design or date. Search terms combined burns, fluid r

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Tian, Yang, Yanan Wang, Hui Tian, and Qimei Cui. "The Comprehensive Contributions of Endpoint Degree and Coreness in Link Prediction." Complexity 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1544912.

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In past studies, researchers find that endpoint degree, H-index, and coreness can quantify the influence of endpoints in link prediction, especially the synthetical endpoint degree and H-index improve prediction performances compared with the traditional link prediction models. However, neither endpoint degree nor H-index can describe the aggregation degree of neighbors, which results in inaccurate expression of the endpoint influence intensity. Through abundant investigations, we find that researchers ignore the importance of coreness for the influence of endpoints. Meanwhile, we also find th

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Clemence, Dominic P. "Subordinacy Analysis and Absolutely Continuous Spectra for Sturm-Liouville Equations with Two Singular Endpoints." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 41, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1998-005-6.

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AbstractThe Gilbert-Pearson characterization of the spectrum is established for a generalized Sturm-Liouville equation with two singular endpoints. It is also shown that strong absolute continuity for the one singular endpoint problem guarantees absolute continuity for the two singular endpoint problem. As a consequence, we obtain the result that strong nonsubordinacy, at one singular endpoint, of a particular solution guarantees the nonexistence of subordinate solutions at both singular endpoints.

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Kelly, Lauren E., Yashwant Sinha, Charlotte I. S. Barker, Joseph F. Standing, and Martin Offringa. "Useful pharmacodynamic endpoints in children: selection, measurement, and next steps." Pediatric Research 83, no. 6 (April 18, 2018): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2018.38.

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Abstract Pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints are essential for establishing the benefit-to-risk ratio for therapeutic interventions in children and neonates. This article discusses the selection of an appropriate measure of response, the PD endpoint, which is a critical methodological step in designing pediatric efficacy and safety studies. We provide an overview of existing guidance on the choice of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical research. We identified several considerations relevant to the selection and measurement of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical trials, including the use of biomarkers

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19

Pavlovic, Mira, Conor Teljeur, Beate Wieseler, Marianne Klemp, Irina Cleemput, and Mattias Neyt. "ENDPOINTS FOR RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT (REA) OF PHARMACEUTICALS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 5 (November 2014): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000592.

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Objectives: Clinical endpoints are defined as valid measures of clinical benefit or harm due to treatment, that describe the impact of treatment on how a patient feels, functions, and survives. The choice of endpoints and the manner in which they are reported have a major impact on the relative effectiveness assessment (REA) of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this article is to describe the guideline development process and the key findings that set a framework for appropriate use of endpoints in REAs in Europe.Methods: A multi-health technology assessment (HTA)-agency collaborative process in EUn

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20

Waliszewski, Matthias, Mark Rosenberg, Harald Rittger, Viktor Breul, and Florian Krackhardt. "Endpoint selection for noninferiority percutaneous coronary intervention trials: a methodological description." Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease 14 (January 2020): 175394472091132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753944720911329.

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Background: The objective of this review is to provide a practical update on endpoint selection for noninferiority (NI) studies in percutaneous coronary intervention studies. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted for predefined terms to explore the use of NI designs and intrapatient comparisons to determine their current importance. Sample size calculations for the most frequently used endpoints with NI hypotheses were done to increase statistical awareness. Results: Reported NI trials, with the most frequently chosen clinical endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), had NI margins ra

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Heller, Glenn, Robert Thomas Mccormack, Thian Kheoh, Matthew Raymond Smith, Robert Dreicer, Fred Saad, Ronald De Wit, et al. "Circulating tumor cell (CTC) number as a response endpoint in metastatic castration resistant (mCRPC) compared with PSA across five randomized phase 3 trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.5007.

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5007 Background: Radiographic progression and overall survival (OS) are the traditional clinical benefit measures for mCRPC trials. Reliable indicators of response that occur early are a critical unmet need in practice and clinical research. We explored a week 13 CTC and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) endpoint relative to baseline in 5 prospective randomized phase 3 registration trials that enrolled 5912 pts. OS was the primary endpoint. Methods: CTC number (CellSearch) and PSA values in patients who survived at least 13 weeks were evaluated as response endpoints in COU-AA-301, AFFIRM, ELM-PC

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Drexel, Heinz, Giuseppe M. C. Rosano, Basil S. Lewis, Kurt Huber, Alexander Vonbank, Jörn F. Dopheide, Arthur Mader, et al. "The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid and diabetes trials." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz029.

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Abstract Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are important and the Gold Standard for drugs in modern cardiovascular (CV) therapy. The cornerstone of RCTs is the recording of hard clinical endpoints instead of surrogates. It is important to select an appropriate endpoint. Efficacy endpoints must be clinically relevant and can be hierarchically divided. A very interesting innovation in endpoint acquisition is the total event paradigm.

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Hasnain, Ali, Qaiser Mehmood, Syeda Sana e Zainab, and Aidan Hogan. "SPORTAL." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 12, no. 3 (July 2016): 134–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2016070105.

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Access to hundreds of knowledge bases has been made available on the Web through public SPARQL endpoints. Unfortunately, few endpoints publish descriptions of their content (e.g., using VoID). It is thus unclear how agents can learn about the content of a given SPARQL endpoint or, relatedly, find SPARQL endpoints with content relevant to their needs. In this paper, the authors investigate the feasibility of a system that gathers information about public SPARQL endpoints by querying them directly about their own content. With the advent of SPARQL 1.1 and features such as aggregates, it is now p

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Revankar, Sanjay G., William R. Kirkpatrick, Robert K. McAtee, Annette W. Fothergill, Spencer W. Redding, Michael G. Rinaldi, and Thomas F. Patterson. "Interpretation of Trailing Endpoints in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Method." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 1 (1998): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.153-156.1998.

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Trailing endpoints remain a problem in antifungal susceptibility testing using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method. For isolates for which trailing endpoints are found, MICs of ≤1 μg/ml at 24 h and of >64 μg/ml at 48 h are usually observed. In a study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, we identified three patients with multiple serial isolates for which trailing endpoints were observed with fluconazole. At 24 h, MICs were generally ≤1 μg/ml by both broth macro- and microdilution methods. However, at 48

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Gao, Tianrun, and Xuzhen Zhu. "Link prediction based on the powerful combination of endpoints and neighbors." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 28 (August 4, 2020): 2050269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220502690.

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Performance improvement of topological similarity-based link prediction models becomes an important research in complex networks. In the models based on node influence, researchers mainly consider the roles of endpoints or neighbors. Through investigations, we find that an endpoint with large influence has many neighbors. Meanwhile, the neighbors connect with more nodes besides endpoint, meaning that the endpoint can transmit extensive influence by the powerful combination of itself and neighbors. In addition, we evaluate the node influence by degree because the degree represents the number of

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Banerjee, Amitava, Laurent Fauchier, Anne Bernard-Brunet, Nicolas Clementy, and Gregory Y. H. Lip. "Composite risk scores and composite endpoints in the risk prediction of outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 111, no. 03 (2014): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-12-1033.

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SummarySeveral validated risk stratification schemes for prediction of ischaemic stroke (IS)/thromboembolism (TE) and major bleeding are available for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). On the basis for multiple common risk factors for IS/TE and bleeding, it has been suggested that composite risk prediction scores may be more practical and user-friendly than separate scores for bleeding and IS/TE. In a long-term prospective hospital registry of anticoagulated patients with newly diagnosed AF, we compared the predictive value of existing risk prediction scores as well as com

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Goodrich, Cindy. "Endpoints of Resuscitation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2006-3008.

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Major resuscitation goals in the management of shock include restoration of adequate tissue perfusion and oxygen balance and normalization of cellular metabolism. Identification of the most appropriate endpoints of resuscitation is difficult and often debated in the literature. Traditional endpoints, such as heart rate, blood pressure, mental status, and urine output are useful in the initial identification of inadequate perfusion, but are limited in their ability to identify ongoing, compensated shock. Many clinicians continue to use these parameters as indicators that systemic oxygenation im

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Mattson, Richard H. "Monotherapy trials: endpoints." Epilepsy Research 45, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00232-7.

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Chadwick, David. "Monotherapy trials: endpoints." Epilepsy Research 45, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00233-9.

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Whitehead, John. "Monotherapy trials: endpoints." Epilepsy Research 45, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00234-0.

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Cestero, Ramon F., and Daniel L. Dent. "Endpoints of Resuscitation." Surgical Clinics of North America 95, no. 2 (April 2015): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2014.10.004.

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Hughes, Michael D. "Evaluating surrogate endpoints." Controlled Clinical Trials 23, no. 6 (December 2002): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-2456(02)00264-7.

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Goodrich, Cindy. "Endpoints of Resuscitation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 17, no. 3 (July 2006): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01256961-200607000-00010.

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Connelly, Christopher R., and Martin A. Schreiber. "Endpoints in resuscitation." Current Opinion in Critical Care 21, no. 6 (December 2015): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcc.0000000000000248.

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Tseng, George S., and Michael H. Wall. "Endpoints of Resuscitation." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 18, no. 4 (February 3, 2014): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253213520348.

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Aldridge, Susan. "New Alzheimer's endpoints?" Nature Biotechnology 26, no. 5 (May 2008): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0508-482a.

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Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Stephen J. Greene, Javed Butler, and Mihai Gheorghiade. "Endpoints for Diuresis." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no. 8 (March 2014): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.108.

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Alhabib, Nada, and Lasse Rempe-Gillen. "Escaping Endpoints Explode." Computational Methods and Function Theory 17, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 65–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40315-016-0169-8.

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Niehaus, Ines, and Charalabos-Markos Dintsios. "OP135 Confirmatory Versus Explorative Endpoints In Drug Approval Versus Health Technology Assessment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001945.

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INTRODUCTION:The early benefit assessment of drugs in Germany and their preceded market authorization pursue different objectives, resulting in divergent decision-making strategies. This is reflected inter alia by the diverse inclusion of confirmatory endpoints within the assessments of oncological drugs. The pharmaceutical manufacturers are facing the challenge of meeting the requirements for both evaluation processes by the available evidence and avoiding hereby negative early benefit assessments. This is mainly due to the concept of mutually relevant clinical trials.METHODS:Identification a

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Ying, Jian, Andrew Redd, and Tom Greene. "2091." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.92.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this research is to determine under what conditions endpoints based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope or on relatively small declines in eGFR provide valid and useful surrogate endpoints for pivotal clinical trials in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We consider 2 classes of surrogate endpoints. The first class includes endpoints defined by the average rate of change in eGFR during defined portions of the follow-up period of the trial, following initiation of the randomized treatment interventions. Th

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Le Tourneau, C., S. Michiels, H. Gan, and L. Siu. "Reporting of endpoints and tracking of failures in randomized trials of radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LA-HNSCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 6072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6072.

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6072 Background: Due to their anatomical complexity, the interactive effects of multiple treatment modalities, the difficulties in differentiating scar tissues versus residual disease and second cancers versus tumor recurrence, LA-HNSCC represent a challenging disease for the reporting of endpoints and the tracking of failures. Methods: We retrieved all randomized trials that began accrual on or after 1978, and enrolled previously untreated nonmetastatic HNSCC patients receiving primary (chemo)radiotherapy. The reporting of endpoints and the tracking of failures in these trials were analyzed.

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Neyedli, Heather F., and Timothy N. Welsh. "People are better at maximizing expected gain in a manual aiming task with rapidly changing probabilities than with rapidly changing payoffs." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): 1016–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00163.2013.

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Previous research has shown that humans can select movements that achieve their goals, while avoiding negative outcomes, by selecting an “optimal movement endpoint.” This optimal endpoint is modeled based on the participants' endpoint variability and the payoffs associated with the target and penalty regions within the environment. Although the values associated with our goals vary on a moment-to-moment basis in our daily interactions, the adaptation of endpoint selection to changing payoffs in laboratory-based tasks has been examined by varying contexts between blocks of trials. The present s

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Iwahashi, H., K. Fujita, and Y. Takahashi. "Bioasay for chemical toxicity using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0578.

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Multi-endpoint bioassay is a system for gathering information relative to the effects of newly synthesized chemicals and pollutants in the environment. To develop the multi-endpoint bioassay system, we estimated the effects of chemicals on growth ability (IC50), viability (LD50), stress protein induction, prion mutation, mitochondrial mutation, and chromosomal mutation using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. These endpoints showed characteristic values to 32 kinds of reference chemicals, and we classified the chemicals into seven groups according to the endpoints. We conc

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Kapustka, Lawrence A. "Microbial Endpoints: The Rationale for their Exclusion as Ecological Assessment Endpoints." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 5, no. 4 (August 1999): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.1999.9657733.

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Dobler, Claudia C., Rebecca L. Morgan, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Victor M. Montori, and M. Hassan Murad. "Assessing the validity of surrogate endpoints in the context of a controversy about the measurement of effectiveness of hepatitis C virus treatment." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2017-110852.

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Surrogate endpoints are often used in clinical trials, as they allow for indirect measures of outcomes (eg, shorter trials with less participants). Improvements in surrogate endpoints (eg, reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, normalisation of glycated haemoglobin) achieved with an intervention are, however, not always associated with improvements in patient-important outcomes. The common tendency in evidence-based medicine is to view results based on surrogate endpoints as less certain than results based on long term, final patient-important outcomes and rate them as ‘lower qualit

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Bar-Zohar, D., F. Agosta, D. Goldstaub, and M. Filippi. "Magnetic resonance imaging metrics and their correlation with clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature and future perspectives." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 14, no. 6 (July 2008): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458507088102.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional MRI metrics are employed as primary endpoints in proof-of-concept clinical trials evaluating new drugs for MS and as secondary endpoints in definitive phase III trials. Metrics derived from non-conventional MRI techniques are now emerging and hold significant promise since they appear to be more correlated with the most disabling features of MS. However, none of these has been approved for use as a surrogate endpoint for accumulation of physical disability, wh

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Tian, Yang, Han Li, Xuzhen Zhu, and Hui Tian. "Link prediction based on combined influence and effective path." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 22 (September 10, 2019): 1950249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502497.

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Link prediction based on topological similarity in complex networks obtains more and more attention both in academia and industry. Most researchers believe that two unconnected endpoints can possibly make a link when they have large influence, respectively. Through profound investigations, we find that at least one endpoint possessing large influence can easily attract other endpoints. The combined influence of two unconnected endpoints affects their mutual attractions. We consider that the greater the combined influence of endpoints is, the more the possibility of them producing a link. There

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Bryan-Brown, CW, and K. Dracup. "Outcomes, endpoints, and expectations." American Journal of Critical Care 5, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1996.5.2.87.

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Lozes, Étienne, and Jules Villard. "Shared Contract-Obedient Endpoints." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 104 (December 14, 2012): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.104.3.

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Gallagher, E. John. "Metaanalytic Revision of Endpoints." Annals of Emergency Medicine 34, no. 1 (July 1999): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70277-5.

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